Kavita/API/Services/ImageService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using API.Constants;
using API.Entities.Enums;
using API.Extensions;
using EasyCaching.Core;
using Flurl;
using Flurl.Http;
using HtmlAgilityPack;
using Kavita.Common;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using NetVips;
using Image = NetVips.Image;

namespace API.Services;
#nullable enable

public interface IImageService
{
    void ExtractImages(string fileFilePath, string targetDirectory, int fileCount = 1);
    string GetCoverImage(string path, string fileName, string outputDirectory, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, CoverImageSize size);

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a Thumbnail version of a base64 image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="encodedImage">base64 encoded image</param>
    /// <param name="fileName"></param>
    /// <param name="encodeFormat">Convert and save as encoding format</param>
    /// <param name="thumbnailWidth">Width of thumbnail</param>
    /// <returns>File name with extension of the file. This will always write to <see cref="DirectoryService.CoverImageDirectory"/></returns>
    string CreateThumbnailFromBase64(string encodedImage, string fileName, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, int thumbnailWidth = 320);
    /// <summary>
    /// Writes out a thumbnail by stream input
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="stream"></param>
    /// <param name="fileName"></param>
    /// <param name="outputDirectory"></param>
    /// <param name="encodeFormat"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    string WriteCoverThumbnail(Stream stream, string fileName, string outputDirectory, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, CoverImageSize size = CoverImageSize.Default);
    /// <summary>
    /// Writes out a thumbnail by file path input
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sourceFile"></param>
    /// <param name="fileName"></param>
    /// <param name="outputDirectory"></param>
    /// <param name="encodeFormat"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    string WriteCoverThumbnail(string sourceFile, string fileName, string outputDirectory, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, CoverImageSize size = CoverImageSize.Default);
    /// <summary>
    /// Converts the passed image to encoding and outputs it in the same directory
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="filePath">Full path to the image to convert</param>
    /// <param name="outputPath">Where to output the file</param>
    /// <param name="encodeFormat">Encoding Format</param>
    /// <returns>File of written encoded image</returns>
    Task<string> ConvertToEncodingFormat(string filePath, string outputPath, EncodeFormat encodeFormat);
    Task<bool> IsImage(string filePath);
    Task<string> DownloadFaviconAsync(string url, EncodeFormat encodeFormat);
}

public class ImageService : IImageService
{
    public const string Name = "BookmarkService";
    private readonly ILogger<ImageService> _logger;
    private readonly IDirectoryService _directoryService;
    private readonly IEasyCachingProviderFactory _cacheFactory;
    public const string ChapterCoverImageRegex = @"v\d+_c\d+";
    public const string SeriesCoverImageRegex = @"series\d+";
    public const string CollectionTagCoverImageRegex = @"tag\d+";
    public const string ReadingListCoverImageRegex = @"readinglist\d+";


    /// <summary>
    /// Width of the Thumbnail generation
    /// </summary>
    private const int ThumbnailWidth = 320;
    /// <summary>
    /// Height of the Thumbnail generation
    /// </summary>
    private const int ThumbnailHeight = 455;
    /// <summary>
    /// Width of a cover for Library
    /// </summary>
    public const int LibraryThumbnailWidth = 32;


    private static readonly string[] ValidIconRelations = {
        "icon",
        "apple-touch-icon",
        "apple-touch-icon-precomposed",
        "apple-touch-icon icon-precomposed" // ComicVine has it combined
    };

    /// <summary>
    /// A mapping of urls that need to get the icon from another url, due to strangeness (like app.plex.tv loading a black icon)
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<string, string> FaviconUrlMapper = new Dictionary<string, string>
    {
        ["https://app.plex.tv"] = "https://plex.tv"
    };

    public ImageService(ILogger<ImageService> logger, IDirectoryService directoryService, IEasyCachingProviderFactory cacheFactory)
    {
        _logger = logger;
        _directoryService = directoryService;
        _cacheFactory = cacheFactory;
    }

    public void ExtractImages(string? fileFilePath, string targetDirectory, int fileCount = 1)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileFilePath)) return;
        _directoryService.ExistOrCreate(targetDirectory);
        if (fileCount == 1)
        {
            _directoryService.CopyFileToDirectory(fileFilePath, targetDirectory);
        }
        else
        {
            _directoryService.CopyDirectoryToDirectory(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.GetDirectoryName(fileFilePath), targetDirectory,
                Tasks.Scanner.Parser.Parser.ImageFileExtensions);
        }
    }

    public string GetCoverImage(string path, string fileName, string outputDirectory, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, CoverImageSize size)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path)) return string.Empty;

        try
        {
            var dims = size.GetDimensions();
            using var thumbnail = Image.Thumbnail(path, dims.Width, height: dims.Height, size: Enums.Size.Force);
            var filename = fileName + encodeFormat.GetExtension();
            thumbnail.WriteToFile(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.Join(outputDirectory, filename));
            return filename;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogWarning(ex, "[GetCoverImage] There was an error and prevented thumbnail generation on {ImageFile}. Defaulting to no cover image", path);
        }

        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a thumbnail out of a memory stream and saves to <see cref="DirectoryService.CoverImageDirectory"/> with the passed
    /// fileName and .png extension.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="stream">Stream to write to disk. Ensure this is rewinded.</param>
    /// <param name="fileName">filename to save as without extension</param>
    /// <param name="outputDirectory">Where to output the file, defaults to covers directory</param>
    /// <param name="encodeFormat">Export the file as the passed encoding</param>
    /// <returns>File name with extension of the file. This will always write to <see cref="DirectoryService.CoverImageDirectory"/></returns>
    public string WriteCoverThumbnail(Stream stream, string fileName, string outputDirectory, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, CoverImageSize size = CoverImageSize.Default)
    {
        var dims = size.GetDimensions();
        using var thumbnail = Image.ThumbnailStream(stream, dims.Width, height: dims.Height, size: Enums.Size.Force);
        var filename = fileName + encodeFormat.GetExtension();
        _directoryService.ExistOrCreate(outputDirectory);
        try
        {
            _directoryService.FileSystem.File.Delete(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.Join(outputDirectory, filename));
        } catch (Exception) {/* Swallow exception */}
        thumbnail.WriteToFile(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.Join(outputDirectory, filename));
        return filename;
    }

    public string WriteCoverThumbnail(string sourceFile, string fileName, string outputDirectory, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, CoverImageSize size = CoverImageSize.Default)
    {
        var dims = size.GetDimensions();
        using var thumbnail = Image.Thumbnail(sourceFile, dims.Width, height: dims.Height, size: Enums.Size.Force);
        var filename = fileName + encodeFormat.GetExtension();
        _directoryService.ExistOrCreate(outputDirectory);
        try
        {
            _directoryService.FileSystem.File.Delete(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.Join(outputDirectory, filename));
        } catch (Exception) {/* Swallow exception */}
        thumbnail.WriteToFile(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.Join(outputDirectory, filename));
        return filename;
    }

    public Task<string> ConvertToEncodingFormat(string filePath, string outputPath, EncodeFormat encodeFormat)
    {
        var file = _directoryService.FileSystem.FileInfo.New(filePath);
        var fileName = file.Name.Replace(file.Extension, string.Empty);
        var outputFile = Path.Join(outputPath, fileName + encodeFormat.GetExtension());

        using var sourceImage = Image.NewFromFile(filePath, false, Enums.Access.SequentialUnbuffered);
        sourceImage.WriteToFile(outputFile);
        return Task.FromResult(outputFile);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Performs I/O to determine if the file is a valid Image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="filePath"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public async Task<bool> IsImage(string filePath)
    {
        try
        {
            var info = await SixLabors.ImageSharp.Image.IdentifyAsync(filePath);
            if (info == null) return false;

            return true;
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            /* Swallow Exception */
        }

        return false;
    }

    public async Task<string> DownloadFaviconAsync(string url, EncodeFormat encodeFormat)
    {
        // Parse the URL to get the domain (including subdomain)
        var uri = new Uri(url);
        var domain = uri.Host;
        var baseUrl = uri.Scheme + "://" + uri.Host;


        var provider = _cacheFactory.GetCachingProvider(EasyCacheProfiles.Favicon);
        var res = await provider.GetAsync<string>(baseUrl);
        if (res.HasValue)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("Kavita has already tried to fetch from {BaseUrl} and failed. Skipping duplicate check", baseUrl);
            throw new KavitaException($"Kavita has already tried to fetch from {baseUrl} and failed. Skipping duplicate check");
        }

        await provider.SetAsync(baseUrl, string.Empty, TimeSpan.FromDays(10));
        if (FaviconUrlMapper.TryGetValue(baseUrl, out var value))
        {
            url = value;
        }

        var correctSizeLink = string.Empty;

        try
        {
            var htmlContent = url.GetStringAsync().Result;
            var htmlDocument = new HtmlDocument();
            htmlDocument.LoadHtml(htmlContent);
            var pngLinks = htmlDocument.DocumentNode.Descendants("link")
                .Where(link => ValidIconRelations.Contains(link.GetAttributeValue("rel", string.Empty)))
                .Select(link => link.GetAttributeValue("href", string.Empty))
                .Where(href => href.Split("?")[0].EndsWith(".png", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                .ToList();

            correctSizeLink = (pngLinks?.Find(pngLink => pngLink.Contains("32")) ?? pngLinks?.FirstOrDefault());
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError(ex, "Error downloading favicon.png for {Domain}, will try fallback methods", domain);
        }

        try
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(correctSizeLink))
            {
                correctSizeLink = FallbackToKavitaReaderFavicon(baseUrl);
            }
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(correctSizeLink))
            {
                throw new KavitaException($"Could not grab favicon from {baseUrl}");
            }

            var finalUrl = correctSizeLink;

            // If starts with //, it's coming usually from an offsite cdn
            if (correctSizeLink.StartsWith("//"))
            {
                finalUrl = "https:" + correctSizeLink;
            }
            else if (!correctSizeLink.StartsWith(uri.Scheme))
            {
                finalUrl = Url.Combine(baseUrl, correctSizeLink);
            }

            _logger.LogTrace("Fetching favicon from {Url}", finalUrl);
            // Download the favicon.ico file using Flurl
            var faviconStream = await finalUrl
                .AllowHttpStatus("2xx,304")
                .GetStreamAsync();

            // Create the destination file path
            using var image = Image.PngloadStream(faviconStream);
            var filename = $"{domain}{encodeFormat.GetExtension()}";
            switch (encodeFormat)
            {
                case EncodeFormat.PNG:
                    image.Pngsave(Path.Combine(_directoryService.FaviconDirectory, filename));
                    break;
                case EncodeFormat.WEBP:
                    image.Webpsave(Path.Combine(_directoryService.FaviconDirectory, filename));
                    break;
                case EncodeFormat.AVIF:
                    image.Heifsave(Path.Combine(_directoryService.FaviconDirectory, filename));
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(encodeFormat), encodeFormat, null);
            }


            _logger.LogDebug("Favicon.png for {Domain} downloaded and saved successfully", domain);
            return filename;
        }catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError(ex, "Error downloading favicon.png for {Domain}", domain);
            throw;
        }
    }

    private static string FallbackToKavitaReaderFavicon(string baseUrl)
    {
        var correctSizeLink = string.Empty;
        var allOverrides = "https://kavitareader.com/assets/favicons/urls.txt".GetStringAsync().Result;
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(allOverrides))
        {
            var cleanedBaseUrl = baseUrl.Replace("https://", string.Empty);
            var externalFile = allOverrides
                .Split("\n")
                .FirstOrDefault(url =>
                    cleanedBaseUrl.Equals(url.Replace(".png", string.Empty)) ||
                    cleanedBaseUrl.Replace("www.", string.Empty).Equals(url.Replace(".png", string.Empty)
                    ));
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(externalFile))
            {
                throw new KavitaException($"Could not grab favicon from {baseUrl}");
            }

            correctSizeLink = "https://kavitareader.com/assets/favicons/" + externalFile;
        }

        return correctSizeLink;
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public string CreateThumbnailFromBase64(string encodedImage, string fileName, EncodeFormat encodeFormat, int thumbnailWidth = ThumbnailWidth)
    {
        try
        {
            using var thumbnail = Image.ThumbnailBuffer(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedImage), thumbnailWidth);
            fileName += encodeFormat.GetExtension();
            thumbnail.WriteToFile(_directoryService.FileSystem.Path.Join(_directoryService.CoverImageDirectory, fileName));
            return fileName;
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            _logger.LogError(e, "Error creating thumbnail from url");
        }

        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the name format for a chapter cover image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chapterId"></param>
    /// <param name="volumeId"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetChapterFormat(int chapterId, int volumeId)
    {
        return $"v{volumeId}_c{chapterId}";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the name format for a library cover image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="libraryId"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetLibraryFormat(int libraryId)
    {
        return $"l{libraryId}";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the name format for a series cover image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="seriesId"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetSeriesFormat(int seriesId)
    {
        return $"series{seriesId}";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the name format for a collection tag cover image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="tagId"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetCollectionTagFormat(int tagId)
    {
        return $"tag{tagId}";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the name format for a reading list cover image
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="readingListId"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetReadingListFormat(int readingListId)
    {
        // ReSharper disable once StringLiteralTypo
        return $"readinglist{readingListId}";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the name format for a thumbnail (temp thumbnail)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chapterId"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetThumbnailFormat(int chapterId)
    {
        return $"thumbnail{chapterId}";
    }

    public static string GetWebLinkFormat(string url, EncodeFormat encodeFormat)
    {
        return $"{new Uri(url).Host.Replace("www.", string.Empty)}{encodeFormat.GetExtension()}";
    }


    public static void CreateMergedImage(IList<string> coverImages, CoverImageSize size, string dest)
    {
        var dims = size.GetDimensions();
        int rows, cols;

        if (coverImages.Count == 1)
        {
            rows = 1;
            cols = 1;
        }
        else if (coverImages.Count == 2)
        {
            rows = 1;
            cols = 2;
        }
        else if (coverImages.Count == 3)
        {
            rows = 2;
            cols = 2;
        }
        else
        {
            // Default to 2x2 layout for more than 3 images
            rows = 2;
            cols = 2;
        }

        var image = Image.Black(dims.Width, dims.Height);

        var thumbnailWidth = image.Width / cols;
        var thumbnailHeight = image.Height / rows;

        for (var i = 0; i < coverImages.Count; i++)
        {
            var tile = Image.NewFromFile(coverImages[i], access: Enums.Access.Sequential);
            tile = tile.ThumbnailImage(thumbnailWidth, height: thumbnailHeight);

            var row = i / cols;
            var col = i % cols;

            var x = col * thumbnailWidth;
            var y = row * thumbnailHeight;

            if (coverImages.Count == 3 && i == 2)
            {
                x = (image.Width - thumbnailWidth) / 2;
                y = thumbnailHeight;
            }

            image = image.Insert(tile, x, y);
        }

        image.WriteToFile(dest);
    }
}