reverseproxy: Add support for specifying IDs in Caddyfile

reverseproxy: Add ID field for upstreams
2026-05-26 16:52:40 -04:00 · 2021-09-13 00:21:54 -04:00 · 2021-09-12 23:50:04 -04:00
567 changed files with 13144 additions and 69500 deletions
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 [*]
 end_of_line = lf
 [caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/*.caddyfiletest]
 indent_style = tab
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
 *.go text eol=lf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Contributing to Caddy
 =====================
-Welcome! Thank you for choosing to be a part of our community. Caddy wouldn't be nearly as excellent without your involvement!
+Welcome! Thank you for choosing to be a part of our community. Caddy wouldn't be great without your involvement!
 For starters, we invite you to join [the Caddy forum](https://caddy.community) where you can hang out with other Caddy users and developers.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Other menu items:
 You can have a huge impact on the project by helping with its code. To contribute code to Caddy, first submit or comment in an issue to discuss your contribution, then open a [pull request](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pulls) (PR). If you're new to our community, that's okay: **we gladly welcome pull requests from anyone, regardless of your native language or coding experience.** You can get familiar with Caddy's code base by using [code search at Sourcegraph](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy).
-We hold contributions to a high standard for quality :bowtie:, so don't be surprised if we ask for revisions&mdash;even if it seems small or insignificant. Please don't take it personally. :blue_heart: If your change is on the right track, we can guide you to make it mergeable.
+We hold contributions to a high standard for quality :bowtie:, so don't be surprised if we ask for revisions&mdash;even if it seems small or insignificant. Please don't take it personally. :blue_heart: If your change is on the right track, we can guide you to make it mergable.
 Here are some of the expectations we have of contributors:
@@ -35,29 +35,19 @@ Here are some of the expectations we have of contributors:
 - **Keep related commits together in a PR.** We do want pull requests to be small, but you should also keep multiple related commits in the same PR if they rely on each other.
- **Write tests.** Good, automated tests are very valuable! Written properly, they ensure your change works, and that other changes in the future won't break your change. CI checks should pass.
+- **Write tests.** Tests are essential! Written properly, they ensure your change works, and that other changes in the future won't break your change. CI checks should pass.
- **Benchmarks should be included for optimizations.** Optimizations sometimes make code harder to read or have changes that are less than obvious. They should be proven with benchmarks and profiling.
+- **Benchmarks should be included for optimizations.** Optimizations sometimes make code harder to read or have changes that are less than obvious. They should be proven with benchmarks or profiling.
 - **[Squash](http://gitready.com/advanced/2009/02/10/squashing-commits-with-rebase.html) insignificant commits.** Every commit should be significant. Commits which merely rewrite a comment or fix a typo can be combined into another commit that has more substance. Interactive rebase can do this, or a simpler way is `git reset --soft <diverging-commit>` then `git commit -s`.
- **Be responsible for and maintain your contributions.** Caddy is a growing project, and it's much better when individual contributors help maintain their change after it is merged.
+- **Own your contributions.** Caddy is a growing project, and it's much better when individual contributors help maintain their change after it is merged.
 - **Use comments properly.** We expect good godoc comments for package-level functions, types, and values. Comments are also useful whenever the purpose for a line of code is not obvious.
- **Pull requests may still get closed.** The longer a PR stays open and idle, the more likely it is to be closed. If we haven't reviewed it in a while, it probably means the change is not a priority. Please don't take this personally, we're trying to balance a lot of tasks! If nobody else has commented or reacted to the PR, it likely means your change is useful only to you. The reality is this happens quite a lot. We don't tend to accept PRs that aren't generally helpful. For these reasons or others, the PR may get closed even after a review. We are not obligated to accept all proposed changes, even if the best justification we can give is something vague like, "It doesn't sit right." Sometimes PRs are just the wrong thing or the wrong time. Because it is open source, you can always build your own modified version of Caddy with a change you need, even if we reject it in the official repo. Plus, because Caddy is extensible, it's possible your feature could make a great plugin instead!
+- **Pull requests may still get closed.** The longer a PR stays open and idle, the more likely it is to be closed. If we haven't reviewed it in a while, it probably means the change is not a priority. Please don't take this personally, we're trying to balance a lot of tasks! If nobody else has commented or reacted to the PR, it likely means your change is useful only to you. The reality is this happens quite a bit. We don't tend to accept PRs that aren't generally helpful. For these reasons or others, the PR may get closed even after a review. We are not obligated to accept all proposed changes, even if the best justification we can give is something vague like, "It doesn't sit right." Sometimes PRs are just the wrong thing or the wrong time. Because it is open source, you can always build your own modified version of Caddy with a change you need, even if we reject it in the official repo.
- **You certify that you wrote and comprehend the code you submit.** The Caddy project welcomes original contributions that comply with [our CLA](https://cla-assistant.io/caddyserver/caddy), meaning that authors must be able to certify that they created or have rights to the code they are contributing. In addition, we require that code is not simply copy-pasted from Q/A sites or AI language models without full comprehension and rigorous testing. In other words: contributors are allowed to refer to communities for assistance and use AI tools such as language models for inspiration, but code which originates from or is assisted by these resources MUST be:
+We often grant [collaborator status](#collaborator-instructions) to contributors who author one or more significant, high-quality PRs that are merged into the code base!
 	- Licensed for you to freely share
 	- Fully comprehended by you (be able to explain every line of code)
 	- Verified by automated tests when feasible, or thorough manual tests otherwise
 	We have found that current language models (LLMs, like ChatGPT) may understand code syntax and even problem spaces to an extent, but often fail in subtle ways to convey true knowledge and produce correct algorithms. Integrated tools such as GitHub Copilot and Sourcegraph Cody may be used for inspiration, but code generated by these tools still needs to meet our criteria for licensing, human comprehension, and testing. These tools may be used to help write code comments and tests as long as you can certify they are accurate and correct. Note that it is often more trouble than it's worth to certify that Copilot (for example) is not giving you code that is possibly plagiarised, unlicensed, or licensed with incompatible terms -- as the Caddy project cannot accept such contributions. If that's too difficult for you (or impossible), then we recommend using these resources only for inspiration and write your own code. Ultimately, you (the contributor) are responsible for the code you're submitting.
 	As a courtesy to reviewers, we kindly ask that you disclose when contributing code that was generated by an AI tool or copied from another website so we can be aware of what to look for in code review.
 We often grant [collaborator status](#collaborator-instructions) to contributors who author one or more significant, high-quality PRs that are merged into the code base.
 #### HOW TO MAKE A PULL REQUEST TO CADDY
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
 name: Issue
 description: An actionable development item, like a bug report or feature request
 body:
  - type: markdown
    attributes:
      value: |
        Thank you for opening an issue! This is for actionable development items like bug reports and feature requests.
        If you have a question about using Caddy, please [post on our forums](https://caddy.community) instead.
  - type: textarea
    id: content
    attributes:
      label: Issue Details
      placeholder: Describe the issue here. Be specific by providing complete logs and minimal instructions to reproduce, or a thoughtful proposal, etc.
    validations:
      required: true
  - type: dropdown
    id: assistance-disclosure
    attributes:
      label: Assistance Disclosure
      description: "Our project allows assistance by AI/LLM tools as long as it is disclosed and described so we can better respond. Please certify whether you have used any such tooling related to this issue:"
      options:
        - 
        - AI used
        - AI not used
    validations:
      required: true
  - type: input
    id: assistance-description
    attributes:
      label: If AI was used, describe the extent to which it was used.
      description: 'Examples: "ChatGPT translated from my native language" or "Claude proposed this change/feature"'
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
  - name: Caddy forum
    url: https://caddy.community
    about: If you have questions (or answers!) about using Caddy, please use our forum
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 # Security Policy
-The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all relevant and practically-exploitable vulnerabilities.
+The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all practically-exploitable vulnerabilities.
 ## Supported Versions
 | Version | Supported          |
-| ----------- | ----------|
+| ------- | ------------------ |
-| 2.latest    | ✔️        |
+| 2.x     | :white_check_mark: |
-| <= 2.latest | :x:       |
+| 1.x     | :x:                |
 | < 1.x   | :x:                |
 ## Acceptable Scope
@@ -17,15 +18,13 @@ A security report must demonstrate a security bug in the source code from this r
 Some security problems are the result of interplay between different components of the Web, rather than a vulnerability in the web server itself. Please only report vulnerabilities in the web server itself, as we cannot coerce the rest of the Web to be fixed (for example, we do not consider IP spoofing, BGP hijacks, or missing/misconfigured HTTP headers a vulnerability in the Caddy web server).
-Vulnerabilities caused by misconfigurations are out of scope. Yes, it is entirely possible to craft and use a configuration that is unsafe, just like with every other web server; we recommend against doing that. Similarly, external misconfigurations are out of scope. For example, an open or forwarded port from a public network to a Caddy instance intended to serve only internal clients is not a vulnerability in Caddy.
+Vulnerabilities caused by misconfigurations are out of scope. Yes, it is entirely possible to craft and use a configuration that is unsafe, just like with every other web server; we recommend against doing that.
 We do not accept reports if the steps imply or require a compromised system or third-party software, as we cannot control those. We expect that users secure their own systems and keep all their software patched. For example, if untrusted users are able to upload/write/host arbitrary files in the web root directory, it is NOT a security bug in Caddy if those files get served to clients; however, it _would_ be a valid report if a bug in Caddy's source code unintentionally gave unauthorized users the ability to upload unsafe files or delete files without relying on an unpatched system or piece of software.
 Client-side exploits are out of scope. In other words, it is not a bug in Caddy if the web browser does something unsafe, even if the downloaded content was served by Caddy. (Those kinds of exploits can generally be mitigated by proper configuration of HTTP headers.) As a general rule, the content served by Caddy is not considered in scope because content is configurable by the site owner or the associated web application.
-Security bugs in code dependencies (including Go's standard library) are out of scope. Instead, if a dependency has patched a relevant security bug, please feel free to open a public issue or pull request to update that dependency in our code.
+Security bugs in code dependencies are out of scope. Instead, if a dependency has patched a relevant security bug, please feel free to open a public issue or pull request to update that dependency in our code.
 We accept security reports and patches, but do not assign CVEs, for code that has not been released with a non-prerelease tag.
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
@@ -34,8 +33,6 @@ We get a lot of difficult reports that turn out to be invalid. Clear, obvious re
 First please ensure your report falls within the accepted scope of security bugs (above).
 :warning: **YOU MUST DISCLOSE WHETHER YOU USED LLMs ("AI") IN ANY WAY.** Whether you are using AI for discovery, as part of writing the report or its replies, and/or testing or validating proofs and changes, we require you to mention the extent of it. **FAILURE TO INCLUDE A DISCLOSURE EVEN IF YOU DO NOT USE AI MAY LEAD TO IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL OF YOUR REPORT AND POTENTIAL BLOCKLISTING.** We will not waste our time chatting with bots. But if you're a human, pull up a chair and we'll drink some chocolate milk.
 We'll need enough information to verify the bug and make a patch. To speed things up, please include:
 - Most minimal possible config (without redactions!)
@@ -45,15 +42,15 @@ We'll need enough information to verify the bug and make a patch. To speed thing
 - Specific minimal steps to reproduce the issue from scratch
 - A working patch
-Please DO NOT use containers, VMs, cloud instances or services, or any other complex infrastructure in your steps. Always prefer `curl -v` instead of web browsers.
+Please DO NOT use containers, VMs, cloud instances or services, or any other complex infrastructure in your steps. Always prefer `curl` instead of web browsers.
 We consider publicly-registered domain names to be public information. This necessary in order to maintain the integrity of certificate transparency, public DNS, and other public trust systems. Do not redact domain names from your reports. The actual content of your domain name affects Caddy's behavior, so we need the exact domain name(s) to reproduce with, or your report will be ignored.
 It will speed things up if you suggest a working patch, such as a code diff, and explain why and how it works. Reports that are not actionable, do not contain enough information, are too pushy/demanding, or are not able to convince us that it is a viable and practical attack on the web server itself may be deferred to a later time or possibly ignored, depending on available resources. Priority will be given to credible, responsible reports that are constructive, specific, and actionable. (We get a lot of invalid reports.) Thank you for understanding.
-When you are ready, please submit a [new private vulnerability report](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/advisories/new).
+When you are ready, please email Matt Holt (the author) directly: matt [at] lightcodelabs [dot com].
-Please don't encrypt the message. It only makes the process more complicated.
+Please don't encrypt the email body. It only makes the process more complicated.
 Please also understand that due to our nature as an open source project, we do not have a budget to award security bounties. We can only thank you.
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
 ---
 version: 2
 updates:
  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
    directory: "/"
    open-pull-requests-limit: 1
    groups:
      actions-deps:
        patterns:
          - "*"
    schedule:
      interval: "monthly"
  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
    directory: "/"
    open-pull-requests-limit: 1
    groups:
      all-updates:
        patterns:
          - "*"
    schedule:
      interval: "monthly"
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
 ## Assistance Disclosure
 <!--
 Thank you for contributing! Please note:
 The use of AI/LLM tools is allowed so long as it is disclosed, so
 that we can provide better code review and maintain project quality.
 If you used AI/LLM tooling in any way related to this PR, please
 let us know to what extent it was utilized.
 Examples:
 "No AI was used."
 "I wrote the code, but Claude generated the tests."
 "I consulted ChatGPT for a solution, but I authored/coded it myself."
 "Cody generated the code, and I verified it is correct."
 "Copilot provided tab completion for code and comments."
 We expect that you have vetted your contributions for correctness.
 Additionally, signing our CLA certifies that you have the rights to
 contribute this change.
 Replace the text below with your disclosure:
 -->
 _This PR is missing an assistance disclosure._
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
 name: AI Moderator
 permissions: read-all
 on:
  issues:
    types: [opened]
  issue_comment:
    types: [created]
  pull_request_review_comment:
    types: [created]
 jobs:
  spam-detection:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      issues: write
      pull-requests: write
      models: read
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
      - uses: github/ai-moderator@81159c370785e295c97461ade67d7c33576e9319
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          spam-label: 'spam'
          ai-label: 'ai-generated'
          minimize-detected-comments: true
          # Built-in prompt configuration (all enabled by default)
          enable-spam-detection: true
          enable-link-spam-detection: true
          enable-ai-detection: true
          # custom-prompt-path: '.github/prompts/my-custom.prompt.yml'  # Optional
@@ -1,221 +0,0 @@
 name: Release Proposal Approval Tracker
 on:
  pull_request_review:
    types: [submitted, dismissed]
  pull_request:
    types: [labeled, unlabeled, synchronize, closed]
 permissions:
  contents: read
  pull-requests: write
  issues: write
 jobs:
  check-approvals:
    name: Track Maintainer Approvals
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # Only run on PRs with release-proposal label
    if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'release-proposal') && github.event.pull_request.state == 'open'
    steps:
      - name: Check approvals and update PR
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
        env:
          MAINTAINER_LOGINS: ${{ secrets.MAINTAINER_LOGINS }}
        with:
          script: |
            const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
            // Extract version from PR title (e.g., "Release Proposal: v1.2.3")
            const versionMatch = pr.title.match(/Release Proposal:\s*(v[\d.]+(?:-[\w.]+)?)/);
            const commitMatch = pr.body.match(/\*\*Target Commit:\*\*\s*`([a-f0-9]+)`/);
            if (!versionMatch || !commitMatch) {
              console.log('Could not extract version from title or commit from body');
              return;
            }
            const version = versionMatch[1];
            const targetCommit = commitMatch[1];
            console.log(`Version: ${version}, Target Commit: ${targetCommit}`);
            // Get all reviews
            const reviews = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              pull_number: pr.number
            });
            // Get list of maintainers
            const maintainerLoginsRaw = process.env.MAINTAINER_LOGINS || '';
            const maintainerLogins = maintainerLoginsRaw
              .split(/[,;]/)
              .map(login => login.trim())
              .filter(login => login.length > 0);
            console.log(`Maintainer logins: ${maintainerLogins.join(', ')}`);
            // Get the latest review from each user
            const latestReviewsByUser = {};
            reviews.data.forEach(review => {
              const username = review.user.login;
              if (!latestReviewsByUser[username] || new Date(review.submitted_at) > new Date(latestReviewsByUser[username].submitted_at)) {
                latestReviewsByUser[username] = review;
              }
            });
            // Count approvals from maintainers
            const maintainerApprovals = Object.entries(latestReviewsByUser)
              .filter(([username, review]) => 
                maintainerLogins.includes(username) && 
                review.state === 'APPROVED'
              )
              .map(([username, review]) => username);
            const approvalCount = maintainerApprovals.length;
            console.log(`Found ${approvalCount} maintainer approvals from: ${maintainerApprovals.join(', ')}`);
            // Get current labels
            const currentLabels = pr.labels.map(label => label.name);
            const hasApprovedLabel = currentLabels.includes('approved');
            const hasAwaitingApprovalLabel = currentLabels.includes('awaiting-approval');
            if (approvalCount >= 2 && !hasApprovedLabel) {
              console.log('✅ Quorum reached! Updating PR...');
              // Remove awaiting-approval label if present
              if (hasAwaitingApprovalLabel) {
                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
                  owner: context.repo.owner,
                  repo: context.repo.repo,
                  issue_number: pr.number,
                  name: 'awaiting-approval'
                }).catch(e => console.log('Label not found:', e.message));
              }
              // Add approved label
              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: pr.number,
                labels: ['approved']
              });
              // Add comment with tagging instructions
              const approversList = maintainerApprovals.map(u => `@${u}`).join(', ');
              const commentBody = [
                '## ✅ Approval Quorum Reached',
                '',
                `This release proposal has been approved by ${approvalCount} maintainers: ${approversList}`,
                '',
                '### Tagging Instructions',
                '',
                'A maintainer should now create and push the signed tag:',
                '',
                '```bash',
                `git checkout ${targetCommit}`,
                `git tag -s ${version} -m "Release ${version}"`,
                `git push origin ${version}`,
                `git checkout -`,
                '```',
                '',
                'The release workflow will automatically start when the tag is pushed.'
              ].join('\n');
              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: pr.number,
                body: commentBody
              });
              console.log('Posted tagging instructions');
            } else if (approvalCount < 2 && hasApprovedLabel) {
              console.log('⚠️  Approval count dropped below quorum, removing approved label');
              // Remove approved label
              await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: pr.number,
                name: 'approved'
              }).catch(e => console.log('Label not found:', e.message));
              // Add awaiting-approval label
              if (!hasAwaitingApprovalLabel) {
                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
                  owner: context.repo.owner,
                  repo: context.repo.repo,
                  issue_number: pr.number,
                  labels: ['awaiting-approval']
                });
              }
            } else {
              console.log(`⏳ Waiting for more approvals (${approvalCount}/2 required)`);
            }
  handle-pr-closed:
    name: Handle PR Closed Without Tag
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: |
      contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'release-proposal') &&
      github.event.action == 'closed' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'released')
    steps:
      - name: Add cancelled label and comment
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
        with:
          script: |
            const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
            // Check if the release-in-progress label is present
            const hasReleaseInProgress = pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-in-progress');
            if (hasReleaseInProgress) {
              // PR was closed while release was in progress - this is unusual
              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: pr.number,
                body: '⚠️ **Warning:** This PR was closed while a release was in progress. This may indicate an error. Please verify the release status.'
              });
            } else {
              // PR was closed before tag was created - this is normal cancellation
              const versionMatch = pr.title.match(/Release Proposal:\s*(v[\d.]+(?:-[\w.]+)?)/);
              const version = versionMatch ? versionMatch[1] : 'unknown';
              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: pr.number,
                body: `## 🚫 Release Proposal Cancelled\n\nThis release proposal for ${version} was closed without creating the tag.\n\nIf you want to proceed with this release later, you can create a new release proposal.`
              });
            }
            // Add cancelled label
            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              issue_number: pr.number,
              labels: ['cancelled']
            });
            // Remove other workflow labels if present
            const labelsToRemove = ['awaiting-approval', 'approved', 'release-in-progress'];
            for (const label of labelsToRemove) {
              try {
                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
                  owner: context.repo.owner,
                  repo: context.repo.repo,
                  issue_number: pr.number,
                  name: label
                });
              } catch (e) {
                console.log(`Label ${label} not found or already removed`);
              }
            }
            console.log('Added cancelled label and cleaned up workflow labels');
@@ -12,71 +12,41 @@ on:
      - master
      - 2.*
 env:
  GOFLAGS: '-tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx'
  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      # Default is true, cancels jobs for other platforms in the matrix if one fails
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        os:
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest ]
-          - linux
+        go: [ '1.16', '1.17' ]
          - mac
          - windows
        go:
          - '1.26'
        include:
        # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
        # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        - go: '1.26'
          GO_SEMVER: '~1.26.0'
        # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
        # OS_LABEL: the VM label from GitHub Actions (see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners#standard-github-hosted-runners-for-public-repositories)
        # CADDY_BIN_PATH: the path to the compiled Caddy binary, for artifact publishing
        # SUCCESS: the typical value for $? per OS (Windows/pwsh returns 'True')
-        - os: linux
+        include:
-          OS_LABEL: ubuntu-latest
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
          CADDY_BIN_PATH: ./cmd/caddy/caddy
          SUCCESS: 0
-        - os: mac
+        - os: macos-latest
          OS_LABEL: macos-14
          CADDY_BIN_PATH: ./cmd/caddy/caddy
          SUCCESS: 0
-        - os: windows
+        - os: windows-latest
          OS_LABEL: windows-latest
          CADDY_BIN_PATH: ./cmd/caddy/caddy.exe
          SUCCESS: 'True'
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.OS_LABEL }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    permissions:
+
      contents: read
      pull-requests: read
      actions: write # to allow uploading artifacts and cache
    steps:
-    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+    - name: Install Go
-      uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        egress-policy: audit
+        go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Install Go
      uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
      with:
        go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        check-latest: true
    # These tools would be useful if we later decide to reinvestigate
    # publishing test/coverage reports to some tool for easier consumption
@@ -85,11 +55,10 @@ jobs:
    #     go get github.com/axw/gocov/gocov
    #     go get github.com/AlekSi/gocov-xml
    #     go get -u github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report
-    #     echo "$(go env GOPATH)/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+    #     echo "::add-path::$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
    - name: Print Go version and environment
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        printf "Using go at: $(which go)\n"
        printf "Go version: $(go version)\n"
@@ -99,7 +68,16 @@ jobs:
        env
        printf "Git version: $(git version)\n\n"
        # Calculate the short SHA1 hash of the git commit
-        echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
        echo "::set-output name=go_cache::$(go env GOCACHE)"
    - name: Cache the build cache
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.go_cache }}
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go-ci-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go-ci
    - name: Get dependencies
      run: |
@@ -113,18 +91,11 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        go build -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
    - name: Smoke test Caddy
      working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
      run: |
        ./caddy start
        ./caddy stop
    - name: Publish Build Artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
      with:
        name: caddy_${{ runner.os }}_go${{ matrix.go }}_${{ steps.vars.outputs.short_sha }}
        path: ${{ matrix.CADDY_BIN_PATH }}
        compression-level: 0
    # Commented bits below were useful to allow the job to continue
    # even if the tests fail, so we can publish the report separately
@@ -135,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        # (go test -v -coverprofile=cover-profile.out -race ./... 2>&1) > test-results/test-result.out
        go test -v -coverprofile="cover-profile.out" -short -race ./...
-        # echo "status=$?" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        # echo "::set-output name=status::$?"
    # Relevant step if we reinvestigate publishing test/coverage reports
    # - name: Prepare coverage reports
@@ -147,103 +118,48 @@ jobs:
    # To return the correct result even though we set 'continue-on-error: true'
    # - name: Coerce correct build result
-    #   if: matrix.os != 'windows' && steps.step_test.outputs.status != ${{ matrix.SUCCESS }}
+    #   if: matrix.os != 'windows-latest' && steps.step_test.outputs.status != ${{ matrix.SUCCESS }}
    #   run: |
    #     echo "step_test ${{ steps.step_test.outputs.status }}\n"
    #     exit 1
  s390x-test:
    name: test (s390x on IBM Z)
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: read
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
    continue-on-error: true  # August 2020: s390x VM is down due to weather and power issues
    steps:
-      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      - name: Checkout code into the Go module directory
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
          allowed-endpoints: ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:22
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Run Tests
        run: |
          set +e
          mkdir -p ~/.ssh && echo -e "${SSH_KEY//_/\\n}" > ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa && chmod og-rwx ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
          # short sha is enough?
          short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
          # To shorten the following lines
          ssh_opts="-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
          ssh_host="$CI_USER@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com"
          # The environment is fresh, so there's no point in keeping accepting and adding the key.
-          rsync -arz -e "ssh $ssh_opts" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$ssh_host":/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
+          rsync -arz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . caddy-ci@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
-          ssh $ssh_opts -t "$ssh_host" bash <<EOF
+          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -t caddy-ci@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "cd /var/tmp/$short_sha; go version; go env; printf "\n\n";CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -v ./..."
          cd /var/tmp/$short_sha
          go version
          go env
          printf "\n\n"
          retries=3
          exit_code=0
          while ((retries > 0)); do
            CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -p 1 -v ./...
            exit_code=$?
            if ((exit_code == 0)); then
              break
            fi
            echo "\n\nTest failed: \$exit_code, retrying..."
            ((retries--))
          done
          echo "Remote exit code: \$exit_code"
          exit \$exit_code
          EOF
          test_result=$?
          # There's no need leaving the files around
-          ssh $ssh_opts "$ssh_host" "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
+          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null caddy-ci@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
          echo "Test exit code: $test_result"
          exit $test_result
        env:
          SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.S390X_SSH_KEY }}
          CI_USER: ${{ secrets.CI_USER }}
  goreleaser-check:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: read
    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
    steps:
-      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      - name: checkout
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
-      - name: Checkout code
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7.0.0
        with:
          version: latest
          args: check
      - name: Install Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
        with:
          go-version: "~1.26"
          check-latest: true
      - name: Install xcaddy
        run: |
          go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
          xcaddy version
      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7.0.0
        with:
          version: latest
          args: build --single-target --snapshot
        env:
-          TAG: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
+          TAG: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}
@@ -10,59 +10,20 @@ on:
      - master
      - 2.*
 env:
  GOFLAGS: '-tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx'
  CGO_ENABLED: '0'
  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
-  build:
+  cross-build-test:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        goos:
+        goos: ['android', 'linux', 'solaris', 'illumos', 'dragonfly', 'freebsd', 'openbsd', 'plan9', 'windows', 'darwin', 'netbsd']
-          - 'aix'
+        go: [ '1.17' ]
          - 'linux'
          - 'solaris'
          - 'illumos'
          - 'dragonfly'
          - 'freebsd'
          - 'openbsd'
          - 'windows'
          - 'darwin'
          - 'netbsd'
        go:
          - '1.26'
        include:
        # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
        # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        - go: '1.26'
          GO_SEMVER: '~1.26.0'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: read
    continue-on-error: true
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
        with:
-          go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
          check-latest: true
      - name: Print Go version and environment
        id: vars
@@ -73,12 +34,29 @@ jobs:
          go env
          printf "\n\nSystem environment:\n\n"
          env
          echo "::set-output name=go_cache::$(go env GOCACHE)"
      - name: Cache the build cache
        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.go_cache }}
          key: cross-build-go${{ matrix.go }}-${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
          restore-keys: |
            cross-build-go${{ matrix.go }}-${{ matrix.goos }}
      - name: Checkout code into the Go module directory
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Run Build
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: 0
          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goos == 'aix' && 'ppc64' || 'amd64' }}
        shell: bash
        continue-on-error: true
        working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
-        run: go build -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-$GOARCH 2> /dev/null
+        run: |
          GOOS=$GOOS go build -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-amd64 2> /dev/null
          if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            echo "::warning ::$GOOS Build Failed"
            exit 0
          fi
@@ -10,96 +10,16 @@ on:
      - master
      - 2.*
 permissions:
  contents: read
 env:
  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
 jobs:
  # From https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action
  golangci:
    permissions:
      contents: read # for actions/checkout to fetch code
      pull-requests: read # for golangci/golangci-lint-action to fetch pull requests
    name: lint
-    strategy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
      matrix:
        os:
          - linux
          - mac
          - windows
        include:
        - os: linux
          OS_LABEL: ubuntu-latest
        - os: mac
          OS_LABEL: macos-14
        - os: windows
          OS_LABEL: windows-latest
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.OS_LABEL }}
    steps:
-      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
        with:
          go-version: '~1.26'
          check-latest: true
      - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@1e7e51e771db61008b38414a730f564565cf7c20 # v9.2.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v2
        with:
-          version: latest
+          version: v1.31
          # Windows times out frequently after about 5m50s if we don't set a longer timeout.
          args: --timeout 10m
          # Optional: show only new issues if it's a pull request. The default value is `false`.
          # only-new-issues: true
  govulncheck:
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: read
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - name: govulncheck
        uses: golang/govulncheck-action@b625fbe08f3bccbe446d94fbf87fcc875a4f50ee # v1.0.4
        with:
          go-version-input: '~1.26.0'
          check-latest: true
  dependency-review:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: write
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - name: 'Checkout Repository'
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: 'Dependency Review'
        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@05fe4576374b728f0c523d6a13d64c25081e0803 # v4.8.3
        with:
          comment-summary-in-pr: on-failure
          # https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action/issues/430#issuecomment-1468975566
          base-ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || 'master' }}
          head-ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.ref }}
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
 name: Release Proposal
 # This workflow creates a release proposal as a PR that requires approval from maintainers
 # Triggered manually by maintainers when ready to prepare a release
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      version:
        description: 'Version to release (e.g., v2.8.0)'
        required: true
        type: string
      commit_hash:
        description: 'Commit hash to release from'
        required: true
        type: string
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
  create-proposal:
    name: Create Release Proposal
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: write
      pull-requests: write
      issues: write
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Trim and validate inputs
        id: inputs
        run: |
          # Trim whitespace from inputs
          VERSION=$(echo "${{ inputs.version }}" | xargs)
          COMMIT_HASH=$(echo "${{ inputs.commit_hash }}" | xargs)
          echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "commit_hash=$COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          # Validate version format
          if [[ ! "$VERSION" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.]+)?$ ]]; then
            echo "Error: Version must follow semver format (e.g., v2.8.0 or v2.8.0-beta.1)"
            exit 1
          fi
          # Validate commit hash format
          if [[ ! "$COMMIT_HASH" =~ ^[a-f0-9]{7,40}$ ]]; then
            echo "Error: Commit hash must be a valid SHA (7-40 characters)"
            exit 1
          fi
          # Check if commit exists
          if ! git cat-file -e "$COMMIT_HASH"; then
            echo "Error: Commit $COMMIT_HASH does not exist"
            exit 1
          fi
      - name: Check if tag already exists
        run: |
          if git rev-parse "${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            echo "Error: Tag ${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }} already exists"
            exit 1
          fi
      - name: Check for existing proposal PR
        id: check_existing
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
        with:
          script: |
            const version = '${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}';
            // Search for existing open PRs with release-proposal label that match this version
            const openPRs = await github.rest.pulls.list({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              state: 'open',
              sort: 'updated',
              direction: 'desc'
            });
            const existingOpenPR = openPRs.data.find(pr => 
              pr.title.includes(version) && 
              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-proposal')
            );
            if (existingOpenPR) {
              const hasReleased = existingOpenPR.labels.some(label => label.name === 'released');
              const hasReleaseInProgress = existingOpenPR.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-in-progress');
              if (hasReleased || hasReleaseInProgress) {
                core.setFailed(`A release for ${version} is already in progress or completed: ${existingOpenPR.html_url}`);
              } else {
                core.setFailed(`An open release proposal already exists for ${version}: ${existingOpenPR.html_url}\n\nPlease use the existing PR or close it first.`);
              }
              return;
            }
            // Check for closed PRs with this version that were cancelled
            const closedPRs = await github.rest.pulls.list({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              state: 'closed',
              sort: 'updated',
              direction: 'desc'
            });
            const cancelledPR = closedPRs.data.find(pr => 
              pr.title.includes(version) && 
              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-proposal') &&
              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'cancelled')
            );
            if (cancelledPR) {
              console.log(`Found previously cancelled proposal for ${version}: ${cancelledPR.html_url}`);
              console.log('Creating new proposal to replace cancelled one...');
            } else {
              console.log(`No existing proposal found for ${version}, proceeding...`);
            }
      - name: Generate changelog and create branch
        id: setup
        run: |
          VERSION="${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}"
          COMMIT_HASH="${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}"
          # Create a new branch for the release proposal
          BRANCH_NAME="release_proposal-$VERSION"
          git checkout -b "$BRANCH_NAME"
          # Calculate how many commits behind HEAD
          COMMITS_BEHIND=$(git rev-list --count ${COMMIT_HASH}..HEAD)
          if [ "$COMMITS_BEHIND" -eq 0 ]; then
            BEHIND_INFO="This is the latest commit (HEAD)"
          else
            BEHIND_INFO="This commit is **${COMMITS_BEHIND} commits behind HEAD**"
          fi
          echo "commits_behind=$COMMITS_BEHIND" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "behind_info=$BEHIND_INFO" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          # Get the last tag
          LAST_TAG=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo "")
          if [ -z "$LAST_TAG" ]; then
            echo "No previous tag found, generating full changelog"
            COMMITS=$(git log --pretty=format:"- %s (%h)" --reverse "$COMMIT_HASH")
          else
            echo "Generating changelog since $LAST_TAG"
            COMMITS=$(git log --pretty=format:"- %s (%h)" --reverse "${LAST_TAG}..$COMMIT_HASH")
          fi
          # Store changelog for PR body
          CLEANSED_COMMITS=$(echo "$COMMITS" | sed 's/`/\\`/g')
          echo "changelog<<EOF" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "$CLEANSED_COMMITS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "EOF" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          # Create empty commit for the PR
          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
          git commit --allow-empty -m "Release proposal for $VERSION"
          # Push the branch
          git push origin "$BRANCH_NAME"
          echo "branch_name=$BRANCH_NAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Create release proposal PR
        id: create_pr
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
        with:
          script: |
            const changelog = `${{ steps.setup.outputs.changelog }}`;
            const pr = await github.rest.pulls.create({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              title: `Release Proposal: ${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}`,
              head: '${{ steps.setup.outputs.branch_name }}',
              base: 'master',
              body: `## Release Proposal: ${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}
            **Target Commit:** \`${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}\`
            **Requested by:** @${{ github.actor }}
            **Commit Status:** ${{ steps.setup.outputs.behind_info }}
            This PR proposes creating release tag \`${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}\` at commit \`${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}\`.
            ### Approval Process
            This PR requires **approval from 2+ maintainers** before the tag can be created.
            ### What happens next?
            1. Maintainers review this proposal
            2. When 2+ maintainer approvals are received, an automated workflow will post tagging instructions
            3. A maintainer manually creates and pushes the signed tag
            4. The release workflow is triggered automatically by the tag push
            5. Upon release completion, this PR is closed and the branch is deleted
            ### Changes Since Last Release
            ${changelog}
            ### Release Checklist
            - [ ] All tests pass
            - [ ] Security review completed
            - [ ] Documentation updated
            - [ ] Breaking changes documented
            ---
            **Note:** Tag creation is manual and requires a signed tag from a maintainer.`,
              draft: true
            });
            // Add labels
            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              issue_number: pr.data.number,
              labels: ['release-proposal', 'awaiting-approval']
            });
            console.log(`Created PR: ${pr.data.html_url}`);
            return { number: pr.data.number, url: pr.data.html_url };
          result-encoding: json
      - name: Post summary
        run: |
          echo "## Release Proposal PR Created! 🚀" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "Version: **${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "Commit: **${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "Status: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.behind_info }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "PR: ${{ fromJson(steps.create_pr.outputs.result).url }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
@@ -5,373 +5,28 @@ on:
    tags:
      - 'v*.*.*'
 env:
  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
  verify-tag:
    name: Verify Tag Signature and Approvals
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: write
      pull-requests: write
      issues: write
    outputs:
      verification_passed: ${{ steps.verify.outputs.passed }}
      tag_version: ${{ steps.info.outputs.version }}
      proposal_issue_number: ${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result && fromJson(steps.find_proposal.outputs.result).number || '' }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
      # tl;dr: actions/checkout@v3 runs this line:
      #   git -c protocol.version=2 fetch --no-tags --prune --progress --no-recurse-submodules --depth=1 origin +ebc278ec98bb24f2852b61fde2a9bf2e3d83818b:refs/tags/
      # which makes its own local lightweight tag, losing all the annotations in the process. Our earlier script ran:
      #   git fetch --prune --unshallow
      # which doesn't overwrite that tag because that would be destructive.
      # Credit to @francislavoie for the investigation.
      # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/290#issuecomment-680260080
      - name: Force fetch upstream tags
        run: git fetch --tags --force
      - name: Get tag info
        id: info
        run: |
          echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       # https://github.community/t5/GitHub-Actions/How-to-get-just-the-tag-name/m-p/32167/highlight/true#M1027
      - name: Print Go version and environment
        id: vars
        run: |
          printf "Using go at: $(which go)\n"
          printf "Go version: $(go version)\n"
          printf "\n\nGo environment:\n\n"
          go env
          printf "\n\nSystem environment:\n\n"
          env
          echo "version_tag=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          # Add "pip install" CLI tools to PATH
          echo ~/.local/bin >> $GITHUB_PATH
          # Parse semver
          TAG=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}
          SEMVER_RE='[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[.]\([0-9]*\)[.]\([0-9]*\)\([0-9A-Za-z\.-]*\)'
          TAG_MAJOR=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\1#"`
          TAG_MINOR=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\2#"`
          TAG_PATCH=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\3#"`
          TAG_SPECIAL=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\4#"`
          echo "tag_major=${TAG_MAJOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "tag_minor=${TAG_MINOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "tag_patch=${TAG_PATCH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "tag_special=${TAG_SPECIAL}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Validate commits and tag signatures
        id: verify
        env:
          signing_keys: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_KEYS }}
        run: |
          # Read the string into an array, splitting by IFS
          IFS=";" read -ra keys_collection <<< "$signing_keys"
          # ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflows-and-actions/contexts#example-usage-of-the-runner-context
          touch "${{ runner.temp }}/allowed_signers"
          # Iterate and print the split elements
          for item in "${keys_collection[@]}"; do
            # trim leading whitespaces
            item="${item##*( )}"
            # trim trailing whitespaces
            item="${item%%*( )}"
            IFS=" " read -ra key_components <<< "$item"
            # git wants it in format: email address, type, public key
            # ssh has it in format: type, public key, email address
            echo "${key_components[2]} namespaces=\"git\" ${key_components[0]} ${key_components[1]}" >> "${{ runner.temp }}/allowed_signers"
          done
          git config set --global gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile "${{ runner.temp }}/allowed_signers"
          echo "Verifying the tag: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
          # Verify the tag is signed
          if ! git verify-tag -v "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" 2>&1; then
            echo "❌ Tag verification failed!"
            echo "passed=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
            git push --delete origin "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
            exit 1
          fi
          # Run it again to capture the output
          git verify-tag -v "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" 2>&1 | tee /tmp/verify-output.txt;
          # SSH verification output typically includes the key fingerprint
          # Use GNU grep with Perl regex for cleaner extraction (Linux environment)
          KEY_SHA256=$(grep -oP "SHA256:[\"']?\K[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+(?=[\"']?)" /tmp/verify-output.txt | head -1 || echo "")
          if [ -z "$KEY_SHA256" ]; then
            # Try alternative pattern with "key" prefix
            KEY_SHA256=$(grep -oP "key SHA256:[\"']?\K[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+(?=[\"']?)" /tmp/verify-output.txt | head -1 || echo "")
          fi
          if [ -z "$KEY_SHA256" ]; then
            # Fallback: extract any base64-like string (40+ chars)
            KEY_SHA256=$(grep -oP '[A-Za-z0-9+/]{40,}=?' /tmp/verify-output.txt | head -1 || echo "")
          fi
          if [ -z "$KEY_SHA256" ]; then
            echo "Somehow could not extract SSH key fingerprint from git verify-tag output"
            echo "Cancelling flow and deleting tag"
            echo "passed=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
            git push --delete origin "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
            exit 1
          fi
          echo "✅ Tag verification succeeded!"
          echo "passed=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "key_id=$KEY_SHA256" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Find related release proposal
        id: find_proposal
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
        with:
          script: |
            const version = '${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}';
            // Search for PRs with release-proposal label that match this version
            const prs = await github.rest.pulls.list({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              state: 'open', // Changed to 'all' to find both open and closed PRs
              sort: 'updated',
              direction: 'desc'
            });
            // Find the most recent PR for this version
            const proposal = prs.data.find(pr => 
              pr.title.includes(version) && 
              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-proposal')
            );
            if (!proposal) {
              console.log(`⚠️  No release proposal PR found for ${version}`);
              console.log('This might be a hotfix or emergency release');
              return { number: null, approved: true, approvals: 0, proposedCommit: null };
            }
            console.log(`Found proposal PR #${proposal.number} for version ${version}`);
            // Extract commit hash from PR body
            const commitMatch = proposal.body.match(/\*\*Target Commit:\*\*\s*`([a-f0-9]+)`/);
            const proposedCommit = commitMatch ? commitMatch[1] : null;
            if (proposedCommit) {
              console.log(`Proposal was for commit: ${proposedCommit}`);
            } else {
              console.log('⚠️  No target commit hash found in PR body');
            }
            // Get PR reviews to extract approvers
            let approvers = 'Validated by automation';
            let approvalCount = 2; // Minimum required
            try {
              const reviews = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                pull_number: proposal.number
              });
              // Get latest review per user and filter for approvals
              const latestReviewsByUser = {};
              reviews.data.forEach(review => {
                const username = review.user.login;
                if (!latestReviewsByUser[username] || new Date(review.submitted_at) > new Date(latestReviewsByUser[username].submitted_at)) {
                  latestReviewsByUser[username] = review;
                }
              });
              const approvalReviews = Object.values(latestReviewsByUser).filter(review => 
                review.state === 'APPROVED'
              );
              if (approvalReviews.length > 0) {
                approvers = approvalReviews.map(r => '@' + r.user.login).join(', ');
                approvalCount = approvalReviews.length;
                console.log(`Found ${approvalCount} approvals from: ${approvers}`);
              }
            } catch (error) {
              console.log(`Could not fetch reviews: ${error.message}`);
            }
            return {
              number: proposal.number,
              approved: true,
              approvals: approvalCount,
              approvers: approvers,
              proposedCommit: proposedCommit
            };
          result-encoding: json
      - name: Verify proposal commit
        run: |
          APPROVALS='${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result }}'
          # Parse JSON
          PROPOSED_COMMIT=$(echo "$APPROVALS" | jq -r '.proposedCommit')
          CURRENT_COMMIT="${{ steps.info.outputs.sha }}"
          echo "Proposed commit: $PROPOSED_COMMIT"
          echo "Current commit: $CURRENT_COMMIT"
          # Check if commits match (if proposal had a target commit)
          if [ "$PROPOSED_COMMIT" != "null" ] && [ -n "$PROPOSED_COMMIT" ]; then
            # Normalize both commits to full SHA for comparison
            PROPOSED_FULL=$(git rev-parse "$PROPOSED_COMMIT" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
            CURRENT_FULL=$(git rev-parse "$CURRENT_COMMIT" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
            if [ -z "$PROPOSED_FULL" ]; then
              echo "⚠️  Could not resolve proposed commit: $PROPOSED_COMMIT"
            elif [ "$PROPOSED_FULL" != "$CURRENT_FULL" ]; then
              echo "❌ Commit mismatch!"
              echo "The tag points to commit $CURRENT_FULL but the proposal was for $PROPOSED_FULL"
              echo "This indicates an error in tag creation."
              # Delete the tag remotely
              git push --delete origin "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
              echo "Tag ${{steps.vars.outputs.version_tag}} has been deleted"
              exit 1
            else
              echo "✅ Commit hash matches proposal"
            fi
          else
            echo "⚠️  No target commit found in proposal (might be legacy release)"
          fi
          echo "✅ Tag verification completed"
      - name: Update release proposal PR
        if: fromJson(steps.find_proposal.outputs.result).number != null
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
        with:
          script: |
            const result = ${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result }};
            if (result.number) {
              // Add in-progress label
              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: result.number,
                labels: ['release-in-progress']
              });
              // Remove approved label if present
              try {
                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
                  owner: context.repo.owner,
                  repo: context.repo.repo,
                  issue_number: result.number,
                  name: 'approved'
                });
              } catch (e) {
                console.log('Approved label not found:', e.message);
              }
              const commentBody = [
                '## 🚀 Release Workflow Started',
                '',
                '- **Tag:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.version }}',
                '- **Signed by key:** ${{ steps.verify.outputs.key_id }}',
                '- **Commit:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.sha }}',
                '- **Approved by:** ' + result.approvers,
                '',
                'Release workflow is now running. This PR will be updated when the release is published.'
              ].join('\n');
              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: result.number,
                body: commentBody
              });
            }
      - name: Summary
        run: |
          APPROVALS='${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result }}'
          PROPOSED_COMMIT=$(echo "$APPROVALS" | jq -r '.proposedCommit // "N/A"')
          APPROVERS=$(echo "$APPROVALS" | jq -r '.approvers // "N/A"')
          echo "## Tag Verification Summary 🔐" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Tag:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.version }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Commit:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.sha }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Proposed Commit:** $PROPOSED_COMMIT" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Signature:** ✅ Verified" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Signed by:** ${{ steps.verify.outputs.key_id }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Approvals:** ✅ Sufficient" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "- **Approved by:** $APPROVERS" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "Proceeding with release build..." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
  release:
    name: Release
    needs: verify-tag
    if: ${{ needs.verify-tag.outputs.verification_passed == 'true' }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: 
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
-          - ubuntu-latest
+        go: [ '1.17' ]
        go: 
          - '1.26'
        include:
        # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
        # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        - go: '1.26'
          GO_SEMVER: '~1.26.0'
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    # https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/1258#issuecomment-1002251233
    # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/deployment/security-hardening-your-deployments/about-security-hardening-with-openid-connect#adding-permissions-settings
    permissions:
      id-token: write
      # https://docs.github.com/en/rest/overview/permissions-required-for-github-apps#permission-on-contents
      # "Releases" is part of `contents`, so it needs the `write`
      contents: write
      issues: write
      pull-requests: write
    steps:
-    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+    - name: Install Go
-      uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        egress-policy: audit
+        go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0
    - name: Install Go
      uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
      with:
        go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        check-latest: true
    # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
-    # tl;dr: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v4.2.2 runs this line:
+    # tl;dr: actions/checkout@v2 runs this line:
    #   git -c protocol.version=2 fetch --no-tags --prune --progress --no-recurse-submodules --depth=1 origin +ebc278ec98bb24f2852b61fde2a9bf2e3d83818b:refs/tags/
    # which makes its own local lightweight tag, losing all the annotations in the process. Our earlier script ran:
    #   git fetch --prune --unshallow
@@ -391,8 +46,9 @@ jobs:
        go env
        printf "\n\nSystem environment:\n\n"
        env
-        echo "version_tag=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}"
-        echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
        echo "::set-output name=go_cache::$(go env GOCACHE)"
        # Add "pip install" CLI tools to PATH
        echo ~/.local/bin >> $GITHUB_PATH
@@ -404,41 +60,46 @@ jobs:
        TAG_MINOR=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\2#"`
        TAG_PATCH=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\3#"`
        TAG_SPECIAL=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\4#"`
-        echo "tag_major=${TAG_MAJOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=tag_major::${TAG_MAJOR}"
-        echo "tag_minor=${TAG_MINOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=tag_minor::${TAG_MINOR}"
-        echo "tag_patch=${TAG_PATCH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=tag_patch::${TAG_PATCH}"
-        echo "tag_special=${TAG_SPECIAL}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "::set-output name=tag_special::${TAG_SPECIAL}"
    # Cloudsmith CLI tooling for pushing releases
    # See https://help.cloudsmith.io/docs/cli
    - name: Install Cloudsmith CLI
      run: pip install --upgrade cloudsmith-cli
-    - name: Install Cosign
+    - name: Validate commits and tag signatures
      uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@d7543c93d881b35a8faa02e8e3605f69b7a1ce62 # main
    - name: Cosign version
      run: cosign version
    - name: Install Syft
      uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@17ae1740179002c89186b61233e0f892c3118b11 # main
    - name: Syft version
      run: syft version
    - name: Install xcaddy
      run: |
-        go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
+        
-        xcaddy version
+        # Import Matt Holt's key
        curl 'https://github.com/mholt.gpg' | gpg --import
        echo "Verifying the tag: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
        # tags are only accepted if signed by Matt's key
        git verify-tag "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" || exit 1
    - name: Cache the build cache
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.go_cache }}
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-go${{ matrix.go }}-release-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-go${{ matrix.go }}-release
    # GoReleaser will take care of publishing those artifacts into the release
    - name: Run GoReleaser
-      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7.0.0
+      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
      with:
        version: latest
-        args: release --clean --timeout 60m
+        args: release --rm-dist
      env:
        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        TAG: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}
        COSIGN_EXPERIMENTAL: 1
    # Only publish on non-special tags (e.g. non-beta)
-    # We will continue to push to Gemfury for the foreseeable future, although
+    # We will continue to push to Gemfury for the forseeable future, although
    # Cloudsmith is probably better, to not break things for existing users of Gemfury.
    # See https://gemfury.com/caddy/deb:caddy
    - name: Publish .deb to Gemfury
@@ -494,72 +155,3 @@ jobs:
          echo "Pushing $filename to 'testing'"
          cloudsmith push deb caddy/testing/any-distro/any-version $filename
        done
    - name: Update release proposal PR
      if: needs.verify-tag.outputs.proposal_issue_number != ''
      uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
      with:
        script: |
          const prNumber = parseInt('${{ needs.verify-tag.outputs.proposal_issue_number }}');
          if (prNumber) {
            // Get PR details to find the branch
            const pr = await github.rest.pulls.get({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              pull_number: prNumber
            });
            const branchName = pr.data.head.ref;
            // Remove in-progress label
            try {
              await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                issue_number: prNumber,
                name: 'release-in-progress'
              });
            } catch (e) {
              console.log('Label not found:', e.message);
            }
            // Add released label
            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              issue_number: prNumber,
              labels: ['released']
            });
            // Add final comment
            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              issue_number: prNumber,
              body: '## ✅ Release Published\n\nThe release has been successfully published and is now available.'
            });
            // Close the PR if it's still open
            if (pr.data.state === 'open') {
              await github.rest.pulls.update({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                pull_number: prNumber,
                state: 'closed'
              });
              console.log(`Closed PR #${prNumber}`);
            }
            // Delete the branch
            try {
              await github.rest.git.deleteRef({
                owner: context.repo.owner,
                repo: context.repo.repo,
                ref: `heads/${branchName}`
              });
              console.log(`Deleted branch: ${branchName}`);
            } catch (e) {
              console.log(`Could not delete branch ${branchName}: ${e.message}`);
            }
          }
@@ -5,31 +5,19 @@ on:
  release:
    types: [published]
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
  release:
    name: Release Published
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: 
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
          - ubuntu-latest
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    permissions:
+
      contents: read
      pull-requests: read
      actions: write
    steps:
    # See https://github.com/peter-evans/repository-dispatch
    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
      uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
      with:
        egress-policy: audit
    - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/dist
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@28959ce8df70de7be546dd1250a005dd32156697 # v4.0.1
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v1
      with:
        token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
        repository: caddyserver/dist
@@ -37,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
        client-payload: '{"tag": "${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"}'
    - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/caddy-docker
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@28959ce8df70de7be546dd1250a005dd32156697 # v4.0.1
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v1
      with:
        token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
        repository: caddyserver/caddy-docker
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
 # This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub. They are provided
 # by a third-party and are governed by separate terms of service, privacy
 # policy, and support documentation.
 name: OpenSSF Scorecard supply-chain security
 on:
  # For Branch-Protection check. Only the default branch is supported. See
  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#branch-protection
  branch_protection_rule:
  # To guarantee Maintained check is occasionally updated. See
  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#maintained
  schedule:
    - cron: '20 2 * * 5'
  push:
    branches: [ "master", "2.*" ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ "master", "2.*" ]
 # Declare default permissions as read only.
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
  analysis:
    name: Scorecard analysis
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # `publish_results: true` only works when run from the default branch. conditional can be removed if disabled.
    if: github.event.repository.default_branch == github.ref_name || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
    permissions:
      # Needed to upload the results to code-scanning dashboard.
      security-events: write
      # Needed to publish results and get a badge (see publish_results below).
      id-token: write
      # Uncomment the permissions below if installing in a private repository.
      # contents: read
      # actions: read
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - name: "Checkout code"
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          persist-credentials: false
      - name: "Run analysis"
        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@4eaacf0543bb3f2c246792bd56e8cdeffafb205a # v2.4.3
        with:
          results_file: results.sarif
          results_format: sarif
          # (Optional) "write" PAT token. Uncomment the `repo_token` line below if:
          # - you want to enable the Branch-Protection check on a *public* repository, or
          # - you are installing Scorecard on a *private* repository
          # To create the PAT, follow the steps in https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action?tab=readme-ov-file#authentication-with-fine-grained-pat-optional.
          # repo_token: ${{ secrets.SCORECARD_TOKEN }}
          # Public repositories:
          #   - Publish results to OpenSSF REST API for easy access by consumers
          #   - Allows the repository to include the Scorecard badge.
          #   - See https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#publishing-results.
          # For private repositories:
          #   - `publish_results` will always be set to `false`, regardless
          #     of the value entered here.
          publish_results: true
          # (Optional) Uncomment file_mode if you have a .gitattributes with files marked export-ignore
          # file_mode: git
      # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
      # format to the repository Actions tab.
      - name: "Upload artifact"
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
        with:
          name: SARIF file
          path: results.sarif
          retention-days: 5
      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard (optional).
      # Commenting out will disable upload of results to your repo's Code Scanning dashboard
      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@89a39a4e59826350b863aa6b6252a07ad50cf83e # v3.29.5
        with:
          sarif_file: results.sarif
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 _gitignore/
 *.log
 Caddyfile
 Caddyfile.*
 !caddyfile/
 !caddyfile.go
 # artifacts from pprof tooling
 *.prof
@@ -12,8 +10,6 @@ Caddyfile.*
 # build artifacts and helpers
 cmd/caddy/caddy
 cmd/caddy/caddy.exe
 cmd/caddy/tmp/*.exe
 cmd/caddy/.env
 # mac specific
 .DS_Store
@@ -1,123 +1,98 @@
-version: "2"
+linters-settings:
-run:
+  errcheck:
-  issues-exit-code: 1
+    ignore: fmt:.*,io/ioutil:^Read.*,go.uber.org/zap/zapcore:^Add.*
-  tests: false
+    ignoretests: true
-  build-tags:
+
    - nobadger
    - nomysql
    - nopgx
 output:
  formats:
    text:
      path: stdout
      print-linter-name: true
      print-issued-lines: true
 linters:
-  default: none
+  disable-all: true
  enable:
    - asasalint
    - asciicheck
    - bidichk
    - bodyclose
-    - decorder
+    - deadcode
    - dogsled
    - dupl
    - dupword
    - durationcheck
    - errcheck
-    - errname
+    - gofmt
-    - exhaustive
+    - goimports
    - gosec
    - gosimple
    - govet
    - importas
    - ineffassign
    - misspell
    - modernize
    - prealloc
    - promlinter
    - sloglint
    - sqlclosecheck
    - staticcheck
-    - testableexamples
+    - structcheck
-    - testifylint
+    - typecheck
    - tparallel
    - unconvert
    - unused
-    - wastedassign
+    - varcheck
-    - whitespace
+  # these are implicitly disabled:
-    - zerologlint
+  # - asciicheck
-  settings:
+  # - depguard
-    staticcheck:
+  # - dogsled
-      checks: ["all", "-ST1000", "-ST1003", "-ST1016", "-ST1020", "-ST1021", "-ST1022",  "-QF1006", "-QF1008"] # default, and exclude 1 more undesired check
+  # - dupl
-    errcheck:
+  # - exhaustive
-      exclude-functions:
+  # - exportloopref
-        - fmt.*
+  # - funlen
-        - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddObject
+  # - gci
-        - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddArray
+  # - gochecknoglobals
-    exhaustive:
+  # - gochecknoinits
-      ignore-enum-types: reflect.Kind|svc.Cmd
+  # - gocognit
-  exclusions:
+  # - goconst
-    generated: lax
+  # - gocritic
-    presets:
+  # - gocyclo
-      - comments
+  # - godot
-      - common-false-positives
+  # - godox
-      - legacy
+  # - goerr113
-      - std-error-handling
+  # - gofumpt
-    rules:
+  # - goheader
-      - linters:
+  # - golint
  # - gomnd
  # - gomodguard
  # - goprintffuncname
  # - interfacer
  # - lll
  # - maligned
  # - nakedret
  # - nestif
  # - nlreturn
  # - noctx
  # - nolintlint
  # - rowserrcheck
  # - scopelint
  # - sqlclosecheck
  # - stylecheck
  # - testpackage
  # - unparam
  # - whitespace
  # - wsl
 run:
  # default concurrency is a available CPU number.
  # concurrency: 4 # explicitly omit this value to fully utilize available resources.
  deadline: 5m
  issues-exit-code: 1
  tests: false
 # output configuration options
 output:
  format: 'colored-line-number'
  print-issued-lines: true
  print-linter-name: true
 issues:
  exclude-rules:
    # we aren't calling unknown URL
    - text: "G107" # G107: Url provided to HTTP request as taint input
      linters:
        - gosec
-        text: G115 # TODO: Either we should fix the issues or nuke the linter if it's bad
+    # as a web server that's expected to handle any template, this is totally in the hands of the user.
-      - linters:
+    - text: "G203" # G203: Use of unescaped data in HTML templates
      linters:
        - gosec
-        text: G107 # we aren't calling unknown URL
+    # we're shelling out to known commands, not relying on user-defined input.
-      - linters:
+    - text: "G204" # G204: Audit use of command execution
-          - gosec
+      linters:
        text: G203 # as a web server that's expected to handle any template, this is totally in the hands of the user.
      - linters:
          - gosec
        text: G204 # we're shelling out to known commands, not relying on user-defined input.
      - linters:
        - gosec
    # the choice of weakrand is deliberate, hence the named import "weakrand"
-        path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/selectionpolicies.go
+    - path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/selectionpolicies.go
-        text: G404
+      text: "G404" # G404: Insecure random number source (rand)
-      - linters:
+      linters:
        - gosec
        path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/streaming.go
        text: G404
      - linters:
          - dupl
        path: modules/logging/filters.go
      - linters:
          - dupl
        path: modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go
      - linters:
          - dupl
        path: modules/caddyhttp/vars.go
      - linters:
          - errcheck
        path: _test\.go
    paths:
      - third_party$
      - builtin$
      - examples$
 formatters:
  enable:
    - gci
    - gofmt
    - gofumpt
    - goimports
  settings:
    gci:
      sections:
        - standard # Standard section: captures all standard packages.
        - default # Default section: contains all imports that could not be matched to another section type.
        - prefix(github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd) # ensure that this is always at the top and always has a line break.
        - prefix(github.com/caddyserver/caddy) # Custom section: groups all imports with the specified Prefix.
      custom-order: true
  exclusions:
    generated: lax
    paths:
      - third_party$
      - builtin$
      - examples$
@@ -1,39 +1,27 @@
 version: 2
 before:
  hooks:
    # The build is done in this particular way to build Caddy in a designated directory named in .gitignore.
    # This is so we can run goreleaser on tag without Git complaining of being dirty. The main.go in cmd/caddy directory 
    # cannot be built within that directory due to changes necessary for the build causing Git to be dirty, which
    # subsequently causes gorleaser to refuse running.
    - rm -rf caddy-build caddy-dist vendor
    # vendor Caddy deps
    - go mod vendor
    - mkdir -p caddy-build
    - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
-    - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
+    - cp ./go.mod caddy-build/go.mod
-    # prepare syso files for windows embedding
+    - sed -i.bkp 's|github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2|caddy|g' ./caddy-build/go.mod
    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
    - /bin/sh -c 'mv /tmp/buildenv_*/*.syso caddy-build'
    # GoReleaser doesn't seem to offer {{.Tag}} at this stage, so we have to embed it into the env
    # so we run: TAG=$(git describe --abbrev=0) goreleaser release --rm-dist --skip-publish --skip-validate
    - go mod edit -require=github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@{{.Env.TAG}} ./caddy-build/go.mod
    # as of Go 1.16, `go` commands no longer automatically change go.{mod,sum}. We now have to explicitly
    # run `go mod tidy`. The `/bin/sh -c '...'` is because goreleaser can't find cd in PATH without shell invocation.
    - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod tidy'
    # vendor the deps of the prepared to-build module
    - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod vendor'
    - git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/caddyserver/dist caddy-dist
    - mkdir -p caddy-dist/man
    - go mod download
    - go run cmd/caddy/main.go manpage --directory ./caddy-dist/man
    - gzip -r ./caddy-dist/man/
    - /bin/sh -c 'go run cmd/caddy/main.go completion bash > ./caddy-dist/scripts/bash-completion'
 builds:
 - env:
  - CGO_ENABLED=0
  - GO111MODULE=on
  main: main.go
  dir: ./caddy-build
  binary: caddy
  goos:
@@ -47,11 +35,10 @@ builds:
  - arm64
  - s390x
  - ppc64le
  - riscv64
  goarm:
-  - "5"
+  - 5
-  - "6"
+  - 6
-  - "7"
+  - 7
  ignore:
    - goos: darwin
      goarch: arm
@@ -59,97 +46,28 @@ builds:
      goarch: ppc64le
    - goos: darwin
      goarch: s390x
    - goos: darwin
      goarch: riscv64
    - goos: windows
      goarch: ppc64le
    - goos: windows
      goarch: s390x
    - goos: windows
      goarch: riscv64
    - goos: windows
      goarch: arm
    - goos: freebsd
      goarch: ppc64le
    - goos: freebsd
      goarch: s390x
    - goos: freebsd
      goarch: riscv64
    - goos: freebsd
      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "5"
+      goarm: 5
  flags:
  - -trimpath
  - -mod=readonly
  ldflags:
  - -s -w
  tags:
  - nobadger
  - nomysql
  - nopgx
 signs:
  - cmd: cosign
    signature: "${artifact}.sig"
    certificate: '{{ trimsuffix (trimsuffix .Env.artifact ".zip") ".tar.gz" }}.pem'
    args: ["sign-blob", "--yes", "--output-signature=${signature}", "--output-certificate", "${certificate}", "${artifact}"]
    artifacts: all
 sboms:
  - artifacts: binary
    documents:
      - >-
        {{ .ProjectName }}_
        {{- .Version }}_
        {{- if eq .Os "darwin" }}mac{{ else }}{{ .Os }}{{ end }}_
        {{- .Arch }}
        {{- with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}
        {{- with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}
        {{- if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}.sbom
    cmd: syft
    args: ["$artifact", "--file", "${document}", "--output", "cyclonedx-json"]
 archives:
-  - id: default
+  - format_overrides:
    format_overrides:
      - goos: windows
-        formats: zip
+        format: zip
-    name_template: >-
+    replacements:
-      {{ .ProjectName }}_
+      darwin: mac
      {{- .Version }}_
      {{- if eq .Os "darwin" }}mac{{ else }}{{ .Os }}{{ end }}_
      {{- .Arch }}
      {{- with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}
      {{- with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}
      {{- if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}
  # package the 'caddy-build' directory into a tarball,
  # allowing users to build the exact same set of files as ours.
  - id: source
    meta: true
    name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_buildable-artifact"
    files:
      - src: LICENSE
        dst: ./LICENSE
      - src: README.md
        dst: ./README.md
      - src: AUTHORS
        dst: ./AUTHORS
      - src: ./caddy-build
        dst: ./
 source:
  enabled: true
  name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_src'
  format: 'tar.gz'
  # Additional files/template/globs you want to add to the source archive.
  #
  # Default: empty.
  files:
    - vendor
 checksum:
  algorithm: sha512
@@ -157,7 +75,7 @@ nfpms:
  - id: default
    package_name: caddy
-    vendor: Dyanim
+    vendor: Light Code Labs
    homepage: https://caddyserver.com
    maintainer: Matthew Holt <mholt@users.noreply.github.com>
    description: |
@@ -179,23 +97,18 @@ nfpms:
      - src: ./caddy-dist/welcome/index.html
        dst: /usr/share/caddy/index.html
-      - src: ./caddy-dist/scripts/bash-completion
+      - src: ./caddy-dist/scripts/completions/bash-completion
        dst: /etc/bash_completion.d/caddy
      - src: ./caddy-dist/config/Caddyfile
        dst: /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
        type: config
      - src: ./caddy-dist/man/*
        dst: /usr/share/man/man8/
    scripts:
      postinstall: ./caddy-dist/scripts/postinstall.sh
      preremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/preremove.sh
      postremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/postremove.sh
    provides:
      - httpd
 release:
  github:
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/gitleaks/gitleaks
  rev: v8.16.3
  hooks:
  - id: gitleaks
 - repo: https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint
  rev: v1.52.2
  hooks:
  - id: golangci-lint-config-verify
  - id: golangci-lint
  - id: golangci-lint-fmt
 - repo: https://github.com/jumanjihouse/pre-commit-hooks
  rev: 3.0.0
  hooks:
  - id: shellcheck
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
  rev: v4.4.0
  hooks:
  - id: end-of-file-fixer
  - id: trailing-whitespace
@@ -1,63 +1,28 @@
 <p align="center">
-	<a href="https://caddyserver.com">
+	<a href="https://caddyserver.com"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/36338535-05fb646a-136f-11e8-987b-e6901e717d5a.png" alt="Caddy" width="450"></a>
 		<picture>
 			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/210187358-e2c39003-9a5e-4dd5-a783-6deb6483ee72.svg">
 			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/210187356-dfb7f1c5-ac2e-43aa-bb23-fc014280ae1f.svg">
 			<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/210187356-dfb7f1c5-ac2e-43aa-bb23-fc014280ae1f.svg" alt="Caddy" width="550">
 		</picture>
 	</a>
 	<br>
-	<h3 align="center">a <a href="https://zerossl.com"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55066419/208327323-2770dc16-ec09-43a0-9035-c5b872c2ad7f.svg" height="28" style="vertical-align: -7.7px" valign="middle"></a> project</h3>
+	<h3 align="center">a <a href="https://zerossl.com"><img src="https://caddyserver.com/resources/images/zerossl-logo.svg" height="28" valign="middle"></a> project</h3>
 </p>
 <hr>
 <h3 align="center">Every site on HTTPS</h3>
 <p align="center">Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default.</p>
 <p align="center">
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions?query=workflow%3ACross-Platform"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/workflows/Cross-Platform/badge.svg"></a>
 	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://twitter.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@caddyserver-55acee.svg" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
 	<a href="https://caddy.community" title="Caddy Forum"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community-forum-ff69b4.svg" alt="Caddy Forum"></a>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy?badge" title="Caddy on Sourcegraph"><img src="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/-/badge.svg" alt="Caddy on Sourcegraph"></a>
 	<a href="https://cloudsmith.io/~caddy/repos/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/OSS%20hosting%20by-cloudsmith-blue?logo=cloudsmith" alt="Cloudsmith"></a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases">Releases</a> ·
 	<a href="https://caddyserver.com/docs/">Documentation</a> ·
 	<a href="https://caddy.community">Get Help</a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg"></a>
 	&nbsp;
 	<a href="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/7141"><img src="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/7141/badge"></a>
 	&nbsp;
 	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
 	&nbsp;
 	<a href="https://x.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/caddyserver" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
 	&nbsp;
 	<a href="https://caddy.community" title="Caddy Forum"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community-forum-ff69b4.svg" alt="Caddy Forum"></a>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy?badge" title="Caddy on Sourcegraph"><img src="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/-/badge.svg" alt="Caddy on Sourcegraph"></a>
 	&nbsp;
 	<a href="https://cloudsmith.io/~caddy/repos/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/OSS%20hosting%20by-cloudsmith-blue?logo=cloudsmith" alt="Cloudsmith"></a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
 	<b>Powered by</b>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/certmagic">
 		<picture>
 			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55066419/206946718-740b6371-3df3-4d72-a822-47e4c48af999.png">
 			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png">
 			<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png" alt="CertMagic" width="250">
 		</picture>
 	</a>
 </p>
 <!-- Warp sponsorship requests this section -->
 <div align="center" markdown="1">
 	<hr>
 	<sup>Special thanks to:</sup>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://go.warp.dev/caddy">
 		<img alt="Warp sponsorship" width="400" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c8efffde-18c7-4af4-83ed-b1aba2dda394">
 	</a>
 ### [Warp, built for coding with multiple AI agents](https://go.warp.dev/caddy)
 [Available for MacOS, Linux, & Windows](https://go.warp.dev/caddy)<br>
 </div>
 <hr>
 ### Menu
@@ -72,8 +37,14 @@
 - [Getting help](#getting-help)
 - [About](#about)
 <p align="center">
 	<b>Powered by</b>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png" alt="CertMagic" width="250"></a>
 </p>
-## [Features](https://caddyserver.com/features)
+
 ## [Features](https://caddyserver.com/v2)
 - **Easy configuration** with the [Caddyfile](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile)
 - **Powerful configuration** with its [native JSON config](https://caddyserver.com/docs/json/)
@@ -84,28 +55,27 @@
 	- Fully-managed local CA for internal names & IPs
 	- Can coordinate with other Caddy instances in a cluster
 	- Multi-issuer fallback
 	- Encrypted ClientHello (ECH) support
 - **Stays up when other servers go down** due to TLS/OCSP/certificate-related issues
 - **Production-ready** after serving trillions of requests and managing millions of TLS certificates
- **Scales to hundreds of thousands of sites** as proven in production
+- **Scales to tens of thousands of sites** ... and probably more
- **HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3** all supported by default
+- **HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and experimental HTTP/3** support
 - **Highly extensible** [modular architecture](https://caddyserver.com/docs/architecture) lets Caddy do anything without bloat
 - **Runs anywhere** with **no external dependencies** (not even libc)
 - Written in Go, a language with higher **memory safety guarantees** than other servers
 - Actually **fun to use**
- So much more to [discover](https://caddyserver.com/features)
+- So, so much more to [discover](https://caddyserver.com/v2)
 ## Install
-The simplest, cross-platform way to get started is to download Caddy from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases) and place the executable file in your PATH.
+The simplest, cross-platform way is to download from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases) and place the executable file in your PATH.
-See [our online documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install) for other install instructions.
+For other install options, see https://caddyserver.com/docs/install.
 ## Build from source
 Requirements:
- [Go 1.25.0 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.16 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
 ### For development
@@ -133,18 +103,11 @@ username ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/setcap
 replacing `username` with your actual username. Please be careful and only do this if you know what you are doing! We are only qualified to document how to use Caddy, not Go tooling or your computer, and we are providing these instructions for convenience only; please learn how to use your own computer at your own risk and make any needful adjustments.
 Then you can run the tests in all modules or a specific one:
 ```bash
 $ go test ./...
 $ go test ./modules/caddyhttp/tracing/
 ```
 ### With version information and/or plugins
 Using [our builder tool, `xcaddy`](https://github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy)...
-```bash
+```
 $ xcaddy build
 ```
@@ -156,7 +119,7 @@ $ xcaddy build
 4. Initialize a Go module: `go mod init caddy`
 5. (Optional) Pin Caddy version: `go get github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@version` replacing `version` with a git tag, commit, or branch name.
 6. (Optional) Add plugins by adding their import: `_ "import/path/here"`
-7. Compile: `go build -tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx`
+7. Compile: `go build`
@@ -201,9 +164,9 @@ The docs are also open source. You can contribute to them here: https://github.c
 ## Getting help
- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com) before help is needed.
+- We **strongly recommend** that all professionals or companies using Caddy get a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com/my/contact-us?dd=caddy) before help is needed.
- A [sponsorship](https://github.com/sponsors/mholt) goes a long way! We can offer private help to sponsors. If Caddy is benefitting your company, please consider a sponsorship. This not only helps fund full-time work to ensure the longevity of the project, it provides your company the resources, support, and discounts you need; along with being a great look for your company to your customers and potential customers!
+- A [sponsorship](https://github.com/sponsors/mholt) goes a long way! If Caddy is benefitting your company, please consider a sponsorship! This not only helps fund full-time work to ensure the longevity of the project, it's also a great look for your company to your customers and potential customers!
 - Individuals can exchange help for free on our community forum at https://caddy.community. Remember that people give help out of their spare time and good will. The best way to get help is to give it first!
@@ -213,13 +176,11 @@ Please use our [issue tracker](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues) only
 ## About
 Matthew Holt began developing Caddy in 2014 while studying computer science at Brigham Young University. (The name "Caddy" was chosen because this software helps with the tedious, mundane tasks of serving the Web, and is also a single place for multiple things to be organized together.) It soon became the first web server to use HTTPS automatically and by default, and now has hundreds of contributors and has served trillions of HTTPS requests.
 **The name "Caddy" is trademarked.** The name of the software is "Caddy", not "Caddy Server" or "CaddyServer". Please call it "Caddy" or, if you wish to clarify, "the Caddy web server". Caddy is a registered trademark of Stack Holdings GmbH.
- _Project on X: [@caddyserver](https://x.com/caddyserver)_
+- _Project on Twitter: [@caddyserver](https://twitter.com/caddyserver)_
- _Author on X: [@mholt6](https://x.com/mholt6)_
+- _Author on Twitter: [@mholt6](https://twitter.com/mholt6)_
-Caddy is a project of [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com), an HID Global company.
+Caddy is a project of [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com), a Stack Holdings company.
 Debian package repository hosting is graciously provided by [Cloudsmith](https://cloudsmith.com). Cloudsmith is the only fully hosted, cloud-native, universal package management solution, that enables your organization to create, store and share packages in any format, to any place, with total confidence.
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"expvar"
 	"fmt"
 	"hash"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/pprof"
@@ -34,36 +34,17 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/notify"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 // testCertMagicStorageOverride is a package-level test hook. Tests may set
 // this variable to provide a temporary certmagic.Storage so that cert
 // management in tests does not hit the real default storage on disk.
 // This must NOT be set in production code.
 var testCertMagicStorageOverride certmagic.Storage
 func init() {
 	// The hard-coded default `DefaultAdminListen` can be overridden
 	// by setting the `CADDY_ADMIN` environment variable.
 	// The environment variable may be used by packagers to change
 	// the default admin address to something more appropriate for
 	// that platform. See #5317 for discussion.
 	if env, exists := os.LookupEnv("CADDY_ADMIN"); exists {
 		DefaultAdminListen = env
 	}
 }
 // AdminConfig configures Caddy's API endpoint, which is used
 // to manage Caddy while it is running.
 type AdminConfig struct {
@@ -75,14 +56,7 @@ type AdminConfig struct {
 	// The address to which the admin endpoint's listener should
 	// bind itself. Can be any single network address that can be
-	// parsed by Caddy. Accepts placeholders.
+	// parsed by Caddy. Default: localhost:2019
 	// Default: the value of the `CADDY_ADMIN` environment variable,
 	// or `localhost:2019` otherwise.
 	//
 	// Remember: When changing this value through a config reload,
 	// be sure to use the `--address` CLI flag to specify the current
 	// admin address if the currently-running admin endpoint is not
 	// the default address.
 	Listen string `json:"listen,omitempty"`
 	// If true, CORS headers will be emitted, and requests to the
@@ -118,10 +92,6 @@ type AdminConfig struct {
 	//
 	// EXPERIMENTAL: This feature is subject to change.
 	Remote *RemoteAdmin `json:"remote,omitempty"`
 	// Holds onto the routers so that we can later provision them
 	// if they require provisioning.
 	routers []AdminRouter
 }
 // ConfigSettings configures the management of configuration.
@@ -131,26 +101,20 @@ type ConfigSettings struct {
 	// are not persisted; only configs that are pushed to Caddy get persisted.
 	Persist *bool `json:"persist,omitempty"`
-	// Loads a new configuration. This is helpful if your configs are
+	// Loads a configuration to use. This is helpful if your configs are
-	// managed elsewhere and you want Caddy to pull its config dynamically
+	// managed elsewhere, and you want Caddy to pull its config dynamically
 	// when it starts. The pulled config completely replaces the current
 	// one, just like any other config load. It is an error if a pulled
-	// config is configured to pull another config without a load_delay,
+	// config is configured to pull another config.
 	// as this creates a tight loop.
 	//
 	// EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
 	LoadRaw json.RawMessage `json:"load,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=caddy.config_loaders inline_key=module"`
-	// The duration after which to load config. If set, config will be pulled
+	// The interval to pull config. With a non-zero value, will pull config
-	// from the config loader after this duration. A delay is required if a
+	// from config loader (eg. a http loader) with given interval.
 	// dynamically-loaded config is configured to load yet another config. To
 	// load configs on a regular interval, ensure this value is set the same
 	// on all loaded configs; it can also be variable if needed, and to stop
 	// the loop, simply remove dynamic config loading from the next-loaded
 	// config.
 	//
 	// EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
-	LoadDelay Duration `json:"load_delay,omitempty"`
+	LoadInterval Duration `json:"load_interval,omitempty"`
 }
 // IdentityConfig configures management of this server's identity. An identity
@@ -181,7 +145,7 @@ type IdentityConfig struct {
 //
 // EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
 type RemoteAdmin struct {
-	// The address on which to start the secure listener. Accepts placeholders.
+	// The address on which to start the secure listener.
 	// Default: :2021
 	Listen string `json:"listen,omitempty"`
@@ -220,17 +184,15 @@ type AdminPermissions struct {
 // newAdminHandler reads admin's config and returns an http.Handler suitable
 // for use in an admin endpoint server, which will be listening on listenAddr.
-func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Context) adminHandler {
+func (admin AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool) adminHandler {
 	muxWrap := adminHandler{mux: http.NewServeMux()}
 	// secure the local or remote endpoint respectively
 	if remote {
 		muxWrap.remoteControl = admin.Remote
 	} else {
-		// see comment in allowedOrigins() as to why we disable the host check for unix/fd networks
+		muxWrap.enforceHost = !addr.isWildcardInterface()
 		muxWrap.enforceHost = !addr.isWildcardInterface() && !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork()
 		muxWrap.allowedOrigins = admin.allowedOrigins(addr)
 		muxWrap.enforceOrigin = admin.EnforceOrigin
 	}
 	addRouteWithMetrics := func(pattern string, handlerLabel string, h http.Handler) {
@@ -277,103 +239,46 @@ func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Co
 	// register third-party module endpoints
 	for _, m := range GetModules("admin.api") {
 		router := m.New().(AdminRouter)
 		handlerLabel := m.ID.Name()
 		for _, route := range router.Routes() {
 			addRoute(route.Pattern, handlerLabel, route.Handler)
 		}
 		admin.routers = append(admin.routers, router)
 	}
 	return muxWrap
 }
 // provisionAdminRouters provisions all the router modules
 // in the admin.api namespace that need provisioning.
 func (admin *AdminConfig) provisionAdminRouters(ctx Context) error {
 	for _, router := range admin.routers {
 		provisioner, ok := router.(Provisioner)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
 		err := provisioner.Provision(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	// We no longer need the routers once provisioned, allow for GC
 	admin.routers = nil
 	return nil
 }
 // allowedOrigins returns a list of origins that are allowed.
 // If admin.Origins is nil (null), the provided listen address
 // will be used as the default origin. If admin.Origins is
 // empty, no origins will be allowed, effectively bricking the
 // endpoint for non-unix-socket endpoints, but whatever.
-func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
+func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []string {
 	uniqueOrigins := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, o := range admin.Origins {
 		uniqueOrigins[o] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	if admin.Origins == nil {
 		if addr.isLoopback() {
 			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 				// RFC 2616, Section 14.26:
 				// "A client MUST include a Host header field in all HTTP/1.1 request
 				// messages. If the requested URI does not include an Internet host
 				// name for the service being requested, then the Host header field MUST
 				// be given with an empty value."
-	//
+				uniqueOrigins[""] = struct{}{}
-	// UPDATE July 2023: Go broke this by patching a minor security bug in 1.20.6.
+			} else {
 	// Understandable, but frustrating. See:
 	// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60374
 	// See also the discussion here:
 	// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61431
 	//
 	// We can no longer conform to RFC 2616 Section 14.26 from either Go or curl
 	// in purity. (Curl allowed no host between 7.40 and 7.50, but now requires a
 	// bogus host; see https://superuser.com/a/925610.) If we disable Host/Origin
 	// security checks, the infosec community assures me that it is secure to do
 	// so, because:
 	//
 	// 1) Browsers do not allow access to unix sockets
 	// 2) DNS is irrelevant to unix sockets
 	//
 	// If either of those two statements ever fail to hold true, it is not the
 	// fault of Caddy.
 	//
 	// Thus, we do not fill out allowed origins and do not enforce Host
 	// requirements for unix sockets. Enforcing it leads to confusion and
 	// frustration, when UDS have their own permissions from the OS.
 	// Enforcing host requirements here is effectively security theater,
 	// and a false sense of security.
 	//
 	// See also the discussion in #6832.
 	if admin.Origins == nil && !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork() {
 		if addr.isLoopback() {
 				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("localhost", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
 				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("::1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
 				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
-		} else {
+			}
 		}
 		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 			uniqueOrigins[addr.JoinHostPort(0)] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
-	allowed := make([]*url.URL, 0, len(uniqueOrigins))
+	allowed := make([]string, 0, len(uniqueOrigins))
-	for originStr := range uniqueOrigins {
+	for origin := range uniqueOrigins {
 		var origin *url.URL
 		if strings.Contains(originStr, "://") {
 			var err error
 			origin, err = url.Parse(originStr)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
 			origin.Path = ""
 			origin.RawPath = ""
 			origin.Fragment = ""
 			origin.RawFragment = ""
 			origin.RawQuery = ""
 		} else {
 			origin = &url.URL{Host: originStr}
 		}
 		allowed = append(allowed, origin)
 	}
 	return allowed
@@ -384,22 +289,18 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 // for the admin endpoint exists in cfg, a default one is used, so
 // that there is always an admin server (unless it is explicitly
 // configured to be disabled).
-// Critically note that some elements and functionality of the context
+func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config) error {
-// may not be ready, e.g. storage. Tread carefully.
+	// always be sure to close down the old admin endpoint
 func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 	// always* be sure to close down the old admin endpoint
 	// as gracefully as possible, even if the new one is
 	// disabled -- careful to use reference to the current
 	// (old) admin endpoint since it will be different
 	// when the function returns
 	// (* except if the new one fails to start)
 	oldAdminServer := localAdminServer
 	var err error
 	defer func() {
 		// do the shutdown asynchronously so that any
 		// current API request gets a response; this
 		// goroutine may last a few seconds
-		if oldAdminServer != nil && err == nil {
+		if oldAdminServer != nil {
 			go func(oldAdminServer *http.Server) {
 				err := stopAdminServer(oldAdminServer)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -409,35 +310,27 @@ func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 		}
 	}()
-	// set a default if admin wasn't otherwise configured
+	// always get a valid admin config
-	if cfg.Admin == nil {
+	adminConfig := DefaultAdminConfig
-		cfg.Admin = &AdminConfig{
+	if cfg != nil && cfg.Admin != nil {
-			Listen: DefaultAdminListen,
+		adminConfig = cfg.Admin
 		}
 	}
 	// if new admin endpoint is to be disabled, we're done
-	if cfg.Admin.Disabled {
+	if adminConfig.Disabled {
 		Log().Named("admin").Warn("admin endpoint disabled")
 		return nil
 	}
 	// extract a singular listener address
-	addr, err := parseAdminListenAddr(cfg.Admin.Listen, DefaultAdminListen)
+	addr, err := parseAdminListenAddr(adminConfig.Listen, DefaultAdminListen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, ctx)
+	handler := adminConfig.newAdminHandler(addr, false)
-	// run the provisioners for loaded modules to make sure local
+	ln, err := Listen(addr.Network, addr.JoinHostPort(0))
 	// state is properly re-initialized in the new admin server
 	err = cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	ln, err := addr.Listen(context.TODO(), 0, net.ListenConfig{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -458,15 +351,15 @@ func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 		serverMu.Lock()
 		server := localAdminServer
 		serverMu.Unlock()
-		if err := server.Serve(ln.(net.Listener)); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+		if err := server.Serve(ln); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 			adminLogger.Error("admin server shutdown for unknown reason", zap.Error(err))
 		}
 	}()
 	adminLogger.Info("admin endpoint started",
 		zap.String("address", addr.String()),
-		zap.Bool("enforce_origin", cfg.Admin.EnforceOrigin),
+		zap.Bool("enforce_origin", adminConfig.EnforceOrigin),
-		zap.Array("origins", loggableURLArray(handler.allowedOrigins)))
+		zap.Strings("origins", handler.allowedOrigins))
 	if !handler.enforceHost {
 		adminLogger.Warn("admin endpoint on open interface; host checking disabled",
@@ -486,6 +379,7 @@ func manageIdentity(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 	// import the caddytls package -- but it works
 	if cfg.Admin.Identity.IssuersRaw == nil {
 		cfg.Admin.Identity.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{
 			json.RawMessage(`{"module": "zerossl"}`),
 			json.RawMessage(`{"module": "acme"}`),
 		}
 	}
@@ -496,7 +390,7 @@ func manageIdentity(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("loading identity issuer modules: %s", err)
 		}
-		for _, issVal := range val.([]any) {
+		for _, issVal := range val.([]interface{}) {
 			cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers = append(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers, issVal.(certmagic.Issuer))
 		}
 	}
@@ -556,14 +450,7 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 	// make the HTTP handler but disable Host/Origin enforcement
 	// because we are using TLS authentication instead
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true, ctx)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true)
 	// run the provisioners for loaded modules to make sure local
 	// state is properly re-initialized in the new admin server
 	err = cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	// create client certificate pool for TLS mutual auth, and extract public keys
 	// so that we can enforce access controls at the application layer
@@ -580,9 +467,6 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 	}
 	// create TLS config that will enforce mutual authentication
 	if identityCertCache == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot enable remote admin without a certificate cache; configure identity management to initialize a certificate cache")
 	}
 	cmCfg := cfg.Admin.Identity.certmagicConfig(remoteLogger, false)
 	tlsConfig := cmCfg.TLSConfig()
 	tlsConfig.NextProtos = nil // this server does not solve ACME challenges
@@ -610,11 +494,10 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 	serverMu.Unlock()
 	// start listener
-	lnAny, err := addr.Listen(ctx, 0, net.ListenConfig{})
+	ln, err := Listen(addr.Network, addr.JoinHostPort(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	ln := lnAny.(net.Listener)
 	ln = tls.NewListener(ln, tlsConfig)
 	go func() {
@@ -633,25 +516,13 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 }
 func (ident *IdentityConfig) certmagicConfig(logger *zap.Logger, makeCache bool) *certmagic.Config {
 	var cmCfg *certmagic.Config
 	if ident == nil {
 		// user might not have configured identity; that's OK, we can still make a
 		// certmagic config, although it'll be mostly useless for remote management
 		ident = new(IdentityConfig)
 	}
-	// Choose storage: prefer the package-level test override when present,
+	cmCfg := &certmagic.Config{
-	// otherwise use the configured DefaultStorage. Tests may set an override
+		Storage: DefaultStorage, // do not act as part of a cluster (this is for the server's local identity)
 	// to divert storage into a temporary location. Otherwise, in production
 	// we use the DefaultStorage since we don't want to act as part of a
 	// cluster; this storage is for the server's local identity only.
 	var storage certmagic.Storage
 	if testCertMagicStorageOverride != nil {
 		storage = testCertMagicStorageOverride
 	} else {
 		storage = DefaultStorage
 	}
 	template := certmagic.Config{
 		Storage: storage,
 		Logger:  logger,
 		Issuers: ident.issuers,
 	}
@@ -660,11 +531,9 @@ func (ident *IdentityConfig) certmagicConfig(logger *zap.Logger, makeCache bool)
 			GetConfigForCert: func(certmagic.Certificate) (*certmagic.Config, error) {
 				return cmCfg, nil
 			},
 			Logger: logger.Named("cache"),
 		})
 	}
-	cmCfg = certmagic.New(identityCertCache, template)
+	return certmagic.New(identityCertCache, *cmCfg)
 	return cmCfg
 }
 // IdentityCredentials returns this instance's configured, managed identity credentials
@@ -705,7 +574,13 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 					// key recognized; make sure its HTTP request is permitted
 					for _, accessPerm := range adminAccess.Permissions {
 						// verify method
-						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil || slices.Contains(accessPerm.Methods, r.Method)
+						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil
 						for _, method := range accessPerm.Methods {
 							if method == r.Method {
 								methodFound = true
 								break
 							}
 						}
 						if !methodFound {
 							return APIError{
 								HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -749,14 +624,10 @@ func stopAdminServer(srv *http.Server) error {
 	if srv == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no admin server")
 	}
-	timeout := 10 * time.Second
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeoutCause(context.Background(), timeout, fmt.Errorf("stopping admin server: %ds timeout", int(timeout.Seconds())))
 	defer cancel()
 	err := srv.Shutdown(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		if cause := context.Cause(ctx); cause != nil && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 			err = cause
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("shutting down admin server: %v", err)
 	}
 	Log().Named("admin").Info("stopped previous server", zap.String("address", srv.Addr))
@@ -777,10 +648,10 @@ type AdminRoute struct {
 type adminHandler struct {
 	mux *http.ServeMux
-	// security for local/plaintext endpoint
+	// security for local/plaintext) endpoint, on by default
 	enforceOrigin  bool
 	enforceHost    bool
-	allowedOrigins []*url.URL
+	allowedOrigins []string
 	// security for remote/encrypted endpoint
 	remoteControl *RemoteAdmin
@@ -789,17 +660,11 @@ type adminHandler struct {
 // ServeHTTP is the external entry point for API requests.
 // It will only be called once per request.
 func (h adminHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ip, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		ip = r.RemoteAddr
 		port = ""
 	}
 	log := Log().Named("admin.api").With(
 		zap.String("method", r.Method),
 		zap.String("host", r.Host),
 		zap.String("uri", r.RequestURI),
-		zap.String("remote_ip", ip),
+		zap.String("remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr),
 		zap.String("remote_port", port),
 		zap.Reflect("headers", r.Header),
 	)
 	if r.TLS != nil {
@@ -828,37 +693,11 @@ func (h adminHandler) serveHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 	// common mitigations in browser contexts
 	if strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("Upgrade"), "websocket") {
 		// I've never been able demonstrate a vulnerability myself, but apparently
 		// WebSocket connections originating from browsers aren't subject to CORS
 		// restrictions, so we'll just be on the safe side
-		h.handleError(w, r, APIError{
+		h.handleError(w, r, fmt.Errorf("websocket connections aren't allowed"))
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        errors.New("websocket connections aren't allowed"),
 			Message:    "WebSocket connections aren't allowed.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 	if strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("Sec-Fetch-Mode"), "no-cors") {
 		// turns out web pages can just disable the same-origin policy (!???!?)
 		// but at least browsers let us know that's the case, holy heck
 		h.handleError(w, r, APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        errors.New("client attempted to make request by disabling same-origin policy using no-cors mode"),
 			Message:    "Disabling same-origin restrictions is not allowed.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 	if r.Header.Get("Origin") == "null" {
 		// bug in Firefox in certain cross-origin situations (yikes?)
 		// (not strictly a security vuln on its own, but it's red flaggy,
 		// since it seems to manifest in cross-origin contexts)
 		h.handleError(w, r, APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        errors.New("invalid origin 'null'"),
 			Message:    "Buggy browser is sending null Origin header.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
@@ -871,9 +710,7 @@ func (h adminHandler) serveHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
-	_, hasOriginHeader := r.Header["Origin"]
+	if h.enforceOrigin {
 	_, hasSecHeader := r.Header["Sec-Fetch-Mode"]
 	if h.enforceOrigin || hasOriginHeader || hasSecHeader {
 		// cross-site mitigation
 		origin, err := h.checkOrigin(r)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -933,9 +770,13 @@ func (h adminHandler) handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err er
 // a trustworthy/expected value. This helps to mitigate DNS
 // rebinding attacks.
 func (h adminHandler) checkHost(r *http.Request) error {
-	allowed := slices.ContainsFunc(h.allowedOrigins, func(u *url.URL) bool {
+	var allowed bool
-		return r.Host == u.Host
+	for _, allowedHost := range h.allowedOrigins {
-	})
+		if r.Host == allowedHost {
 			allowed = true
 			break
 		}
 	}
 	if !allowed {
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -950,96 +791,59 @@ func (h adminHandler) checkHost(r *http.Request) error {
 // sites from issuing requests to our listener. It
 // returns the origin that was obtained from r.
 func (h adminHandler) checkOrigin(r *http.Request) (string, error) {
-	originStr, origin := h.getOrigin(r)
+	origin := h.getOriginHost(r)
-	if origin == nil {
+	if origin == "" {
-		return "", APIError{
+		return origin, APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
-			Err:        fmt.Errorf("required Origin header is missing or invalid"),
+			Err:        fmt.Errorf("missing required Origin header"),
 		}
 	}
 	if !h.originAllowed(origin) {
-		return "", APIError{
+		return origin, APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
-			Err:        fmt.Errorf("client is not allowed to access from origin '%s'", originStr),
+			Err:        fmt.Errorf("client is not allowed to access from origin %s", origin),
 		}
 	}
-	return origin.String(), nil
+	return origin, nil
 }
-func (h adminHandler) getOrigin(r *http.Request) (string, *url.URL) {
+func (h adminHandler) getOriginHost(r *http.Request) string {
 	origin := r.Header.Get("Origin")
 	if origin == "" {
 		origin = r.Header.Get("Referer")
 	}
 	originURL, err := url.Parse(origin)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err == nil && originURL.Host != "" {
-		return origin, nil
+		origin = originURL.Host
 	}
-	originURL.Path = ""
+	return origin
 	originURL.RawPath = ""
 	originURL.Fragment = ""
 	originURL.RawFragment = ""
 	originURL.RawQuery = ""
 	return origin, originURL
 }
-func (h adminHandler) originAllowed(origin *url.URL) bool {
+func (h adminHandler) originAllowed(origin string) bool {
 	for _, allowedOrigin := range h.allowedOrigins {
-		if allowedOrigin.Scheme != "" && origin.Scheme != allowedOrigin.Scheme {
+		originCopy := origin
-			continue
+		if !strings.Contains(allowedOrigin, "://") {
 			// no scheme specified, so allow both
 			originCopy = strings.TrimPrefix(originCopy, "http://")
 			originCopy = strings.TrimPrefix(originCopy, "https://")
 		}
-		if origin.Host == allowedOrigin.Host {
+		if originCopy == allowedOrigin {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }
 // etagHasher returns the hasher we used on the config to both
 // produce and verify ETags.
 func etagHasher() hash.Hash { return xxhash.New() }
 // makeEtag returns an Etag header value (including quotes) for
 // the given config path and hash of contents at that path.
 func makeEtag(path string, hash hash.Hash) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s %x"`, path, hash.Sum(nil))
 }
 // This buffer pool is used to keep buffers for
 // reading the config file during eTag header generation
 var bufferPool = sync.Pool{
 	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }
 func handleConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	switch r.Method {
 	case http.MethodGet:
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		hash := etagHasher()
-		// Read the config into a buffer instead of writing directly to
+		err := readConfig(r.URL.Path, w)
 		// the response writer, as we want to set the ETag as the header,
 		// not the trailer.
 		buf := bufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
 		buf.Reset()
 		defer bufferPool.Put(buf)
 		configWriter := io.MultiWriter(buf, hash)
 		err := readConfig(r.URL.Path, configWriter)
 		if err != nil {
 			return APIError{HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest, Err: err}
 		}
 		// we could consider setting up a sync.Pool for the summed
 		// hashes to reduce GC pressure.
 		w.Header().Set("Etag", makeEtag(r.URL.Path, hash))
 		_, err = w.Write(buf.Bytes())
 		if err != nil {
 			return APIError{HTTPStatus: http.StatusInternalServerError, Err: err}
 		}
 		return nil
 	case http.MethodPost,
@@ -1073,18 +877,11 @@ func handleConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		forceReload := r.Header.Get("Cache-Control") == "must-revalidate"
-		err := changeConfig(r.Method, r.URL.Path, body, r.Header.Get("If-Match"), forceReload)
+		err := changeConfig(r.Method, r.URL.Path, body, forceReload)
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, errSameConfig) {
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// If this request changed the config, clear the last
 		// config info we have stored, if it is different from
 		// the original source.
 		ClearLastConfigIfDifferent(
 			r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-File"),
 			r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-Adapter"))
 	default:
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
@@ -1100,28 +897,19 @@ func handleConfigID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	parts := strings.Split(idPath, "/")
 	if len(parts) < 3 || parts[2] == "" {
-		return APIError{
+		return fmt.Errorf("request path is missing object ID")
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        fmt.Errorf("request path is missing object ID"),
 		}
 	}
 	if parts[0] != "" || parts[1] != "id" {
-		return APIError{
+		return fmt.Errorf("malformed object path")
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        fmt.Errorf("malformed object path"),
 		}
 	}
 	id := parts[2]
 	// map the ID to the expanded path
-	rawCfgMu.RLock()
+	currentCfgMu.RLock()
 	expanded, ok := rawCfgIndex[id]
-	rawCfgMu.RUnlock()
+	defer currentCfgMu.RUnlock()
 	if !ok {
-		return APIError{
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown object ID '%s'", id)
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
 			Err:        fmt.Errorf("unknown object ID '%s'", id),
 		}
 	}
 	// piece the full URL path back together
@@ -1139,7 +927,11 @@ func handleStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		}
 	}
-	exitProcess(context.Background(), Log().Named("admin.api"))
+	if err := notify.NotifyStopping(); err != nil {
 		Log().Error("unable to notify stopping to service manager", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	exitProcess(Log().Named("admin.api"))
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1147,11 +939,11 @@ func handleStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 // the operation at path according to method, using body and out as
 // needed. This is a low-level, unsynchronized function; most callers
 // will want to use changeConfig or readConfig instead. This requires a
-// read or write lock on currentCtxMu, depending on method (GET needs
+// read or write lock on currentCfgMu, depending on method (GET needs
 // only a read lock; all others need a write lock).
 func unsyncedConfigAccess(method, path string, body []byte, out io.Writer) error {
 	var err error
-	var val any
+	var val interface{}
 	// if there is a request body, decode it into the
 	// variable that will be set in the config according
@@ -1159,10 +951,7 @@ func unsyncedConfigAccess(method, path string, body []byte, out io.Writer) error
 	if len(body) > 0 {
 		err = json.Unmarshal(body, &val)
 		if err != nil {
-			if jsonErr, ok := err.(*json.SyntaxError); ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decoding request body: %v", err)
 				return fmt.Errorf("decoding request body: %w, at offset %d", jsonErr, jsonErr.Offset)
 			}
 			return fmt.Errorf("decoding request body: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -1191,16 +980,16 @@ func unsyncedConfigAccess(method, path string, body []byte, out io.Writer) error
 		parts = parts[:len(parts)-1]
 	}
-	var ptr any = rawCfg
+	var ptr interface{} = rawCfg
 traverseLoop:
 	for i, part := range parts {
 		switch v := ptr.(type) {
-		case map[string]any:
+		case map[string]interface{}:
 			// if the next part enters a slice, and the slice is our destination,
 			// handle it specially (because appending to the slice copies the slice
 			// header, which does not replace the original one like we want)
-			if arr, ok := v[part].([]any); ok && i == len(parts)-2 {
+			if arr, ok := v[part].([]interface{}); ok && i == len(parts)-2 {
 				var idx int
 				if method != http.MethodPost {
 					idxStr := parts[len(parts)-1]
@@ -1209,7 +998,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
 							path, idxStr, err)
 					}
-					if idx < 0 || (method != http.MethodPut && idx >= len(arr)) || idx > len(arr) {
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(arr) {
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] array index out of bounds: %s", path, idxStr)
 					}
 				}
@@ -1222,7 +1011,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 					}
 				case http.MethodPost:
 					if ellipses {
-						valArray, ok := val.([]any)
+						valArray, ok := val.([]interface{})
 						if !ok {
 							return fmt.Errorf("final element is not an array")
 						}
@@ -1257,9 +1046,9 @@ traverseLoop:
 				case http.MethodPost:
 					// if the part is an existing list, POST appends to
 					// it, otherwise it just sets or creates the value
-					if arr, ok := v[part].([]any); ok {
+					if arr, ok := v[part].([]interface{}); ok {
 						if ellipses {
-							valArray, ok := val.([]any)
+							valArray, ok := val.([]interface{})
 							if !ok {
 								return fmt.Errorf("final element is not an array")
 							}
@@ -1272,27 +1061,15 @@ traverseLoop:
 					}
 				case http.MethodPut:
 					if _, ok := v[part]; ok {
-						return APIError{
+						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] key already exists: %s", path, part)
 							HTTPStatus: http.StatusConflict,
 							Err:        fmt.Errorf("[%s] key already exists: %s", path, part),
 						}
 					}
 					v[part] = val
 				case http.MethodPatch:
 					if _, ok := v[part]; !ok {
-						return APIError{
+						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] key does not exist: %s", path, part)
 							HTTPStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
 							Err:        fmt.Errorf("[%s] key does not exist: %s", path, part),
 						}
 					}
 					v[part] = val
 				case http.MethodDelete:
 					if _, ok := v[part]; !ok {
 						return APIError{
 							HTTPStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
 							Err:        fmt.Errorf("[%s] key does not exist: %s", path, part),
 						}
 					}
 					delete(v, part)
 				default:
 					return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized method %s", method)
@@ -1302,12 +1079,12 @@ traverseLoop:
 				// might not exist yet; that's OK but we need to make them as
 				// we go, while we still have a pointer from the level above
 				if v[part] == nil && method == http.MethodPut {
-					v[part] = make(map[string]any)
+					v[part] = make(map[string]interface{})
 				}
 				ptr = v[part]
 			}
-		case []any:
+		case []interface{}:
 			partInt, err := strconv.Atoi(part)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("[/%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
@@ -1329,7 +1106,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 // RemoveMetaFields removes meta fields like "@id" from a JSON message
 // by using a simple regular expression. (An alternate way to do this
-// would be to delete them from the raw, map[string]any
+// would be to delete them from the raw, map[string]interface{}
 // representation as they are indexed, then iterate the index we made
 // and add them back after encoding as JSON, but this is simpler.)
 func RemoveMetaFields(rawJSON []byte) []byte {
@@ -1381,10 +1158,7 @@ func (e APIError) Error() string {
 // parseAdminListenAddr extracts a singular listen address from either addr
 // or defaultAddr, returning the network and the address of the listener.
 func parseAdminListenAddr(addr string, defaultAddr string) (NetworkAddress, error) {
-	input, err := NewReplacer().ReplaceOrErr(addr, true, true)
+	input := addr
 	if err != nil {
 		return NetworkAddress{}, fmt.Errorf("replacing listen address: %v", err)
 	}
 	if input == "" {
 		input = defaultAddr
 	}
@@ -1407,18 +1181,6 @@ func decodeBase64DERCert(certStr string) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
 	return x509.ParseCertificate(derBytes)
 }
 type loggableURLArray []*url.URL
 func (ua loggableURLArray) MarshalLogArray(enc zapcore.ArrayEncoder) error {
 	if ua == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	for _, u := range ua {
 		enc.AppendString(u.String())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 var (
 	// DefaultAdminListen is the address for the local admin
 	// listener, if none is specified at startup.
@@ -1428,13 +1190,19 @@ var (
 	// (TLS-authenticated) admin listener, if enabled and not
 	// specified otherwise.
 	DefaultRemoteAdminListen = ":2021"
 	// DefaultAdminConfig is the default configuration
 	// for the local administration endpoint.
 	DefaultAdminConfig = &AdminConfig{
 		Listen: DefaultAdminListen,
 	}
 )
 // PIDFile writes a pidfile to the file at filename. It
 // will get deleted before the process gracefully exits.
 func PIDFile(filename string) error {
 	pid := []byte(strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid()) + "\n")
-	err := os.WriteFile(filename, pid, 0o600)
+	err := ioutil.WriteFile(filename, pid, 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1464,7 +1232,7 @@ const (
 )
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
+	New: func() interface{} {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }
@@ -15,22 +15,10 @@
 package caddy
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
 )
 var testCfg = []byte(`{
@@ -85,12 +73,6 @@ func TestUnsyncedConfigAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			path:   "/bar/qq",
 			expect: `{"foo": "jet", "bar": {"aa": "bb"}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}`,
 		},
 		{
 			method:    "DELETE",
 			path:      "/bar/qq",
 			expect:    `{"foo": "jet", "bar": {"aa": "bb"}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}`,
 			shouldErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			method:  "POST",
 			path:    "/list",
@@ -131,7 +113,7 @@ func TestUnsyncedConfigAccess(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		// decode the expected config so we can do a convenient DeepEqual
-		var expectedDecoded any
+		var expectedDecoded interface{}
 		err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.expect), &expectedDecoded)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Test %d: Unmarshaling expected config: %v", i, err)
@@ -151,808 +133,18 @@ func TestLoadConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-		wg.Go(func() {
+		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			_ = Load(testCfg, true)
-		})
+			wg.Done()
 		}()
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 type fooModule struct {
 	IntField int
 	StrField string
 }
 func (fooModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
 	return ModuleInfo{
 		ID:  "foo",
 		New: func() Module { return new(fooModule) },
 	}
 }
 func (fooModule) Start() error { return nil }
 func (fooModule) Stop() error  { return nil }
 func TestETags(t *testing.T) {
 	RegisterModule(fooModule{})
 	if err := Load([]byte(`{"admin": {"listen": "localhost:2999"}, "apps": {"foo": {"strField": "abc", "intField": 0}}}`), true); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("loading: %s", err)
 	}
 	const key = "/" + rawConfigKey + "/apps/foo"
 	// try update the config with the wrong etag
 	err := changeConfig(http.MethodPost, key, []byte(`{"strField": "abc", "intField": 1}}`), fmt.Sprintf(`"/%s not_an_etag"`, rawConfigKey), false)
 	if apiErr, ok := err.(APIError); !ok || apiErr.HTTPStatus != http.StatusPreconditionFailed {
 		t.Fatalf("expected precondition failed; got %v", err)
 	}
 	// get the etag
 	hash := etagHasher()
 	if err := readConfig(key, hash); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("reading: %s", err)
 	}
 	// do the same update with the correct key
 	err = changeConfig(http.MethodPost, key, []byte(`{"strField": "abc", "intField": 1}`), makeEtag(key, hash), false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected update to work; got %v", err)
 	}
 	// now try another update. The hash should no longer match and we should get precondition failed
 	err = changeConfig(http.MethodPost, key, []byte(`{"strField": "abc", "intField": 2}`), makeEtag(key, hash), false)
 	if apiErr, ok := err.(APIError); !ok || apiErr.HTTPStatus != http.StatusPreconditionFailed {
 		t.Fatalf("expected precondition failed; got %v", err)
 	}
 }
 func BenchmarkLoad(b *testing.B) {
-	for b.Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		Load(testCfg, true)
 	}
 }
 func TestAdminHandlerErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	initAdminMetrics()
 	handler := adminHandler{
 		mux: http.NewServeMux(),
 	}
 	handler.mux.Handle("/error", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		err := fmt.Errorf("test error")
 		handler.handleError(w, r, err)
 	}))
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/error", nil)
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
 	if rr.Code == http.StatusOK {
 		t.Error("expected error response, got success")
 	}
 	var apiErr APIError
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&apiErr); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("decoding response: %v", err)
 	}
 	if apiErr.Message != "test error" {
 		t.Errorf("expected error message 'test error', got '%s'", apiErr.Message)
 	}
 }
 func initAdminMetrics() {
 	if adminMetrics.requestErrors != nil {
 		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
 	}
 	if adminMetrics.requestCount != nil {
 		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
 	}
 	adminMetrics.requestErrors = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
 		Namespace: "caddy",
 		Subsystem: "admin_http",
 		Name:      "request_errors_total",
 		Help:      "Number of errors that occurred handling admin endpoint requests",
 	}, []string{"handler", "path", "method"})
 	adminMetrics.requestCount = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
 		Namespace: "caddy",
 		Subsystem: "admin_http",
 		Name:      "requests_total",
 		Help:      "Count of requests to the admin endpoint",
 	}, []string{"handler", "path", "code", "method"}) // Added code and method labels
 	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
 	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
 }
 func TestAdminHandlerBuiltinRouteErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	initAdminMetrics()
 	cfg := &Config{
 		Admin: &AdminConfig{
 			Listen: "localhost:2019",
 		},
 	}
 	// Build the admin handler directly (no listener active)
 	addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
 	}
 	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
 		path           string
 		method         string
 		expectedStatus int
 	}{
 		{
 			name:           "stop endpoint wrong method",
 			path:           "/stop",
 			method:         http.MethodGet,
 			expectedStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "config endpoint wrong content-type",
 			path:           "/config/",
 			method:         http.MethodPost,
 			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "config ID missing ID",
 			path:           "/id/",
 			method:         http.MethodGet,
 			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			req := httptest.NewRequest(test.method, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:2019%s", test.path), nil)
 			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
 			if rr.Code != test.expectedStatus {
 				t.Errorf("expected status %d but got %d", test.expectedStatus, rr.Code)
 			}
 			metricValue := testGetMetricValue(map[string]string{
 				"path":    test.path,
 				"handler": "admin",
 				"method":  test.method,
 			})
 			if metricValue != 1 {
 				t.Errorf("expected error metric to be incremented once, got %v", metricValue)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 func testGetMetricValue(labels map[string]string) float64 {
 	promLabels := prometheus.Labels{}
 	maps.Copy(promLabels, labels)
 	metric, err := adminMetrics.requestErrors.GetMetricWith(promLabels)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0
 	}
 	pb := &dto.Metric{}
 	metric.Write(pb)
 	return pb.GetCounter().GetValue()
 }
 type mockRouter struct {
 	routes []AdminRoute
 }
 func (m mockRouter) Routes() []AdminRoute {
 	return m.routes
 }
 type mockModule struct {
 	mockRouter
 }
 func (m *mockModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
 	return ModuleInfo{
 		ID: "admin.api.mock",
 		New: func() Module {
 			mm := &mockModule{
 				mockRouter: mockRouter{
 					routes: m.routes,
 				},
 			}
 			return mm
 		},
 	}
 }
 func TestNewAdminHandlerRouterRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
 	maps.Copy(originalModules, modules)
 	defer func() {
 		modules = originalModules
 	}()
 	mockRoute := AdminRoute{
 		Pattern: "/mock",
 		Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 			return nil
 		}),
 	}
 	mock := &mockModule{
 		mockRouter: mockRouter{
 			routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
 		},
 	}
 	RegisterModule(mock)
 	addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
 	}
 	admin := &AdminConfig{
 		EnforceOrigin: false,
 	}
 	handler := admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/mock", nil)
 	req.Host = "localhost:2019"
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
 	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Errorf("Expected status code %d but got %d", http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
 		t.Logf("Response body: %s", rr.Body.String())
 	}
 	if len(admin.routers) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected 1 router to be stored, got %d", len(admin.routers))
 	}
 }
 type mockProvisionableRouter struct {
 	mockRouter
 	provisionErr error
 	provisioned  bool
 }
 func (m *mockProvisionableRouter) Provision(Context) error {
 	m.provisioned = true
 	return m.provisionErr
 }
 type mockProvisionableModule struct {
 	*mockProvisionableRouter
 }
 func (m *mockProvisionableModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
 	return ModuleInfo{
 		ID: "admin.api.mock_provision",
 		New: func() Module {
 			mm := &mockProvisionableModule{
 				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
 					mockRouter:   m.mockRouter,
 					provisionErr: m.provisionErr,
 				},
 			}
 			return mm
 		},
 	}
 }
 func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name         string
 		provisionErr error
 		wantErr      bool
 		routersAfter int // expected number of routers after provisioning
 	}{
 		{
 			name:         "successful provisioning",
 			provisionErr: nil,
 			wantErr:      false,
 			routersAfter: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name:         "provisioning error",
 			provisionErr: fmt.Errorf("provision failed"),
 			wantErr:      true,
 			routersAfter: 1,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
 			maps.Copy(originalModules, modules)
 			defer func() {
 				modules = originalModules
 			}()
 			mockRoute := AdminRoute{
 				Pattern: "/mock",
 				Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 					return nil
 				}),
 			}
 			// Create provisionable module
 			mock := &mockProvisionableModule{
 				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
 					mockRouter: mockRouter{
 						routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
 					},
 					provisionErr: test.provisionErr,
 				},
 			}
 			RegisterModule(mock)
 			admin := &AdminConfig{}
 			addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
 			}
 			_ = admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
 			err = admin.provisionAdminRouters(Context{})
 			if test.wantErr {
 				if err == nil {
 					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
 				}
 			} else {
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
 				}
 			}
 			if len(admin.routers) != test.routersAfter {
 				t.Errorf("Expected %d routers after provisioning, got %d", test.routersAfter, len(admin.routers))
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 func TestAllowedOriginsUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	// see comment in allowedOrigins() as to why we do not fill out allowed origins for UDS
 	tests := []struct {
 		name          string
 		addr          NetworkAddress
 		origins       []string
 		expectOrigins []string
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "unix socket with default origins",
 			addr: NetworkAddress{
 				Network: "unix",
 				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
 			},
 			origins:       nil, // default origins
 			expectOrigins: []string{},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "unix socket with custom origins",
 			addr: NetworkAddress{
 				Network: "unix",
 				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
 			},
 			origins: []string{"example.com"},
 			expectOrigins: []string{
 				"example.com",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "tcp socket on localhost gets all loopback addresses",
 			addr: NetworkAddress{
 				Network:   "tcp",
 				Host:      "localhost",
 				StartPort: 2019,
 				EndPort:   2019,
 			},
 			origins: nil,
 			expectOrigins: []string{
 				"localhost:2019",
 				"[::1]:2019",
 				"127.0.0.1:2019",
 			},
 		},
 	}
 	for i, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			admin := AdminConfig{
 				Origins: test.origins,
 			}
 			got := admin.allowedOrigins(test.addr)
 			var gotOrigins []string
 			for _, u := range got {
 				gotOrigins = append(gotOrigins, u.Host)
 			}
 			if len(gotOrigins) != len(test.expectOrigins) {
 				t.Errorf("%d: Expected %d origins but got %d", i, len(test.expectOrigins), len(gotOrigins))
 				return
 			}
 			expectMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 			for _, origin := range test.expectOrigins {
 				expectMap[origin] = struct{}{}
 			}
 			gotMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 			for _, origin := range gotOrigins {
 				gotMap[origin] = struct{}{}
 			}
 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(expectMap, gotMap) {
 				t.Errorf("%d: Origins mismatch.\nExpected: %v\nGot: %v", i, test.expectOrigins, gotOrigins)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 func TestReplaceRemoteAdminServer(t *testing.T) {
 	const testCert = `MIIDCTCCAfGgAwIBAgIUXsqJ1mY8pKlHQtI3HJ23x2eZPqwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
 BQAwFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MB4XDTIzMDEwMTAwMDAwMFoXDTI0MDEw
 MTAwMDAwMFowFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEF
 AAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA4O4S6BSoYcoxvRqI+h7yPOjF6KjntjzVVm9M+uHK4lzX
 F1L3pSxJ2nDD4wZEV3FJ5yFOHVFqkG2vXG3BIczOlYG7UeNmKbQnKc5kZj3HGUrS
 VGEktA4OJbeZhhWP15gcXN5eDM2eH3g9BFXVX6AURxLiUXzhNBUEZuj/OEyH9yEF
 /qPCE+EjzVvWxvBXwgz/io4r4yok/Vq/bxJ6FlV6R7DX5oJSXyO0VEHZPi9DIyNU
 kK3F/r4U1sWiJGWOs8i3YQWZ2ejh1C0aLFZpPcCGGgMNpoF31gyYP6ZuPDUyCXsE
 g36UUw1JHNtIXYcLhnXuqj4A8TybTDpgXLqvwA9DBQIDAQABo1MwUTAdBgNVHQ4E
 FgQUc13z30pFC63rr/HGKOE7E82vjXwwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUc13z30pFC63rr/HG
 KOE7E82vjXwwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAHO3j
 oeiUXXJ7xD4P8Wj5t9d+E8lE1Xv1Dk3Z+EdG5+dan+RcToE42JJp9zB7FIh5Qz8g
 W77LAjqh5oyqz3A2VJcyVgfE3uJP1R1mJM7JfGHf84QH4TZF2Q1RZY4SZs0VQ6+q
 5wSlIZ4NXDy4Q4XkIJBGS61wT8IzYFXYBpx4PCP1Qj0PIE4sevEGwjsBIgxK307o
 BxF8AWe6N6e4YZmQLGjQ+SeH0iwZb6vpkHyAY8Kj2hvK+cq2P7vU3VGi0t3r1F8L
 IvrXHCvO2BMNJ/1UK1M4YNX8LYJqQhg9hEsIROe1OE/m3VhxIYMJI+qZXk9yHfgJ
 vq+SH04xKhtFudVBAQ==`
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
 		cfg     *Config
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name:    "nil config",
 			cfg:     nil,
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "nil admin config",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: nil,
 			},
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "nil remote config",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
 			},
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "invalid listen address",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{
 					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
 						Listen: "invalid:address",
 					},
 				},
 			},
 			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "valid config",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{
 					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
 					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
 						Listen: "localhost:2021",
 						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
 							{
 								PublicKeys:  []string{testCert},
 								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
 							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
 			},
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "invalid certificate",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{
 					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
 					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
 						Listen: "localhost:2021",
 						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
 							{
 								PublicKeys:  []string{"invalid-cert-data"},
 								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
 							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
 			},
 			wantErr: true,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx := Context{
 				Context: context.Background(),
 				cfg:     test.cfg,
 			}
 			if test.cfg != nil {
 				test.cfg.storage = &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
 			}
 			if test.cfg != nil && test.cfg.Admin != nil && test.cfg.Admin.Identity != nil {
 				identityCertCache = certmagic.NewCache(certmagic.CacheOptions{
 					GetConfigForCert: func(certmagic.Certificate) (*certmagic.Config, error) {
 						return &certmagic.Config{}, nil
 					},
 				})
 			}
 			err := replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx, test.cfg)
 			if test.wantErr {
 				if err == nil {
 					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
 				}
 			} else {
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
 				}
 			}
 			// Clean up
 			if remoteAdminServer != nil {
 				_ = stopAdminServer(remoteAdminServer)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 type mockIssuer struct {
 	configSet *certmagic.Config
 }
 func (m *mockIssuer) Issue(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*certmagic.IssuedCertificate, error) {
 	return &certmagic.IssuedCertificate{
 		Certificate: []byte(csr.Raw),
 	}, nil
 }
 func (m *mockIssuer) SetConfig(cfg *certmagic.Config) {
 	m.configSet = cfg
 }
 func (m *mockIssuer) IssuerKey() string {
 	return "mock"
 }
 type mockIssuerModule struct {
 	*mockIssuer
 }
 func (m *mockIssuerModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
 	return ModuleInfo{
 		ID: "tls.issuance.acme",
 		New: func() Module {
 			return &mockIssuerModule{mockIssuer: new(mockIssuer)}
 		},
 	}
 }
 func TestManageIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
 	maps.Copy(originalModules, modules)
 	defer func() {
 		modules = originalModules
 	}()
 	RegisterModule(&mockIssuerModule{})
 	certPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDujCCAqKgAwIBAgIIE31FZVaPXTUwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwSTELMAkGA1UE
 BhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdvb2dsZSBJbmMxJTAjBgNVBAMTHEdvb2dsZSBJbnRl
 cm5ldCBBdXRob3JpdHkgRzIwHhcNMTQwMTI5MTMyNzQzWhcNMTQwNTI5MDAwMDAw
 WjBpMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECAwKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBwwN
 TW91bnRhaW4gVmlldzETMBEGA1UECgwKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPbWFp
 bC5nb29nbGUuY29tMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE3lcub2pUwkjC
 5GJQA2ZZfJJi6d1QHhEmkX9VxKYGp6gagZuRqJWy9TXP6++1ZzQQxqZLD0TkuxZ9
 8i9Nz00000CCBjCCAQQwHQYDVR0lBBYwFAYIKwYBBQUHAwEGCCsGAQUFBwMCMGgG
 CCsGAQUFBwEBBFwwWjArBggrBgEFBQcwAoYfaHR0cDovL3BraS5nb29nbGUuY29t
 L0dJQUcyLmNydDArBggrBgEFBQcwAYYfaHR0cDovL2NsaWVudHMxLmdvb2dsZS5j
 b20vb2NzcDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUiJxtimAuTfwb+aUtBn5UYKreKvMwDAYDVR0TAQH/
 BAIwADAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBRK3QYWG7z2aLV29YG2u2IaulqBLzAXBgNVHREEEDAO
 ggxtYWlsLmdvb2dsZTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAMP6IWgNGZE8wP9TjFjSZ
 3mmW3A1eIr0CuPwNZ2LJ5ZD1i70ojzcj4I9IdP5yPg9CAEV4hNASbM1LzfC7GmJE
 tPzW5tRmpKVWZGRgTgZI8Hp/xZXMwLh9ZmXV4kESFAGj5G5FNvJyUV7R5Eh+7OZX
 7G4jJ4ZGJh+5jzN9HdJJHQHGYNIYOzC7+HH9UMwCjX9vhQ4RjwFZJThS2Yb+y7pb
 9yxTJZoXC6J0H5JpnZb7kZEJ+Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`)
 	keyPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
 MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDRS0LmTwUT0iwP
 ...
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----`)
 	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "TestManageIdentity-")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	testStorage := certmagic.FileStorage{Path: tmpDir}
 	// Clean up the temp dir after the test finishes. Ensure any background
 	// certificate maintenance is stopped first to avoid RemoveAll races.
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		if identityCertCache != nil {
 			identityCertCache.Stop()
 			identityCertCache = nil
 		}
 		// Give goroutines a moment to exit and release file handles.
 		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
 		_ = os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 	})
 	err = testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.crt", certPEM)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	err = testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.key", keyPEM)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	tests := []struct {
 		name       string
 		cfg        *Config
 		wantErr    bool
 		checkState func(*testing.T, *Config)
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "nil config",
 			cfg:  nil,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "nil admin config",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: nil,
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "nil identity config",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "default issuer when none specified",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{
 					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
 						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
 					},
 				},
 				storage: &testStorage,
 			},
 			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
 				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) == 0 {
 					t.Error("Expected at least 1 issuer to be configured")
 					return
 				}
 				if _, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule); !ok {
 					t.Error("Expected mock issuer to be configured")
 				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "custom issuer",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{
 					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
 						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
 						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
 							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "acme"}`),
 						},
 					},
 				},
 				storage: &testStorage,
 			},
 			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
 				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) != 1 {
 					t.Fatalf("Expected 1 issuer, got %d", len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers))
 				}
 				mockIss, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule)
 				if !ok {
 					t.Fatal("Expected mock issuer")
 				}
 				if mockIss.configSet == nil {
 					t.Error("Issuer config was not set")
 				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "invalid issuer module",
 			cfg: &Config{
 				Admin: &AdminConfig{
 					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
 						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
 						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
 							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "doesnt_exist"}`),
 						},
 					},
 				},
 			},
 			wantErr: true,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			if identityCertCache != nil {
 				// Reset the cert cache before each test
 				identityCertCache.Stop()
 				identityCertCache = nil
 			}
 			// Ensure any cache started by manageIdentity is stopped at the end
 			defer func() {
 				if identityCertCache != nil {
 					identityCertCache.Stop()
 					identityCertCache = nil
 				}
 			}()
 			ctx := Context{
 				Context:         context.Background(),
 				cfg:             test.cfg,
 				moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module),
 			}
 			// If this test provided a FileStorage, set the package-level
 			// testCertMagicStorageOverride so certmagicConfig will use it.
 			if test.cfg != nil && test.cfg.storage != nil {
 				testCertMagicStorageOverride = test.cfg.storage
 				defer func() { testCertMagicStorageOverride = nil }()
 			}
 			err := manageIdentity(ctx, test.cfg)
 			if test.wantErr {
 				if err == nil {
 					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
 				}
 				return
 			}
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
 			}
 			if test.checkState != nil {
 				test.checkState(t, test.cfg)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 package caddy
 import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -73,21 +72,3 @@ func TestParseDuration(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestEvent_CloudEvent_NilOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, _ := NewContext(Context{Context: context.Background()}) // module will be nil by default
 	event, err := NewEvent(ctx, "started", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("NewEvent() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	// This should not panic
 	ce := event.CloudEvent()
 	if ce.Source != "caddy" {
 		t.Errorf("Expected CloudEvent Source to be 'caddy', got '%s'", ce.Source)
 	}
 	if ce.Type != "started" {
 		t.Errorf("Expected CloudEvent Type to be 'started', got '%s'", ce.Type)
 	}
 }
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ type Adapter struct {
 }
 // Adapt converts the Caddyfile config in body to Caddy JSON.
-func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
+func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 	if a.ServerType == nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no server type")
 	}
 	if options == nil {
-		options = make(map[string]any)
+		options = make(map[string]interface{})
 	}
 	filename, _ := options["filename"].(string)
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconf
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
-	// lint check: see if input was properly formatted; sometimes messy files parse
+	// lint check: see if input was properly formatted; sometimes messy files files parse
 	// successfully but result in logical errors (the Caddyfile is a bad format, I'm sorry)
-	if warning, different := FormattingDifference(filename, body); different {
+	if warning, different := formattingDifference(filename, body); different {
 		warnings = append(warnings, warning)
 	}
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconf
 	return result, warnings, err
 }
-// FormattingDifference returns a warning and true if the formatted version
+// formattingDifference returns a warning and true if the formatted version
 // is any different from the input; empty warning and false otherwise.
 // TODO: also perform this check on imported files
-func FormattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bool) {
+func formattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bool) {
 	// replace windows-style newlines to normalize comparison
-	normalizedBody := bytes.ReplaceAll(body, []byte("\r\n"), []byte("\n"))
+	normalizedBody := bytes.Replace(body, []byte("\r\n"), []byte("\n"), -1)
 	formatted := Format(normalizedBody)
 	if bytes.Equal(formatted, normalizedBody) {
@@ -88,31 +88,35 @@ func FormattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bo
 	return caddyconfig.Warning{
 		File:    filename,
 		Line:    line,
-		Message: "Caddyfile input is not formatted; run 'caddy fmt --overwrite' to fix inconsistencies",
+		Message: "input is not formatted with 'caddy fmt'",
 	}, true
 }
-// Unmarshaler is a type that can unmarshal Caddyfile tokens to
+// Unmarshaler is a type that can unmarshal
-// set itself up for a JSON encoding. The goal of an unmarshaler
+// Caddyfile tokens to set itself up for a
-// is not to set itself up for actual use, but to set itself up for
+// JSON encoding. The goal of an unmarshaler
-// being marshaled into JSON. Caddyfile-unmarshaled values will not
+// is not to set itself up for actual use,
-// be used directly; they will be encoded as JSON and then used from
+// but to set itself up for being marshaled
-// that. Implementations _may_ be able to support multiple segments
+// into JSON. Caddyfile-unmarshaled values
-// (instances of their directive or batch of tokens); typically this
+// will not be used directly; they will be
-// means wrapping parsing logic in a loop: `for d.Next() { ... }`.
+// encoded as JSON and then used from that.
-// More commonly, only a single segment is supported, so a simple
+// Implementations must be able to support
-// `d.Next()` at the start should be used to consume the module
+// multiple segments (instances of their
-// identifier token (directive name, etc).
+// directive or batch of tokens); typically
 // this means wrapping all token logic in
 // a loop: `for d.Next() { ... }`.
 type Unmarshaler interface {
 	UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *Dispenser) error
 }
 // ServerType is a type that can evaluate a Caddyfile and set up a caddy config.
 type ServerType interface {
-	// Setup takes the server blocks which contain tokens,
+	// Setup takes the server blocks which
-	// as well as options (e.g. CLI flags) and creates a
+	// contain tokens, as well as options
-	// Caddy config, along with any warnings or an error.
+	// (e.g. CLI flags) and creates a Caddy
-	Setup([]ServerBlock, map[string]any) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error)
+	// config, along with any warnings or
 	// an error.
 	Setup([]ServerBlock, map[string]interface{}) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error)
 }
 // UnmarshalModule instantiates a module with the given ID and invokes
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -30,10 +29,6 @@ type Dispenser struct {
 	tokens  []Token
 	cursor  int
 	nesting int
 	// A map of arbitrary context data that can be used
 	// to pass through some information to unmarshalers.
 	context map[string]any
 }
 // NewDispenser returns a Dispenser filled with the given tokens.
@@ -105,12 +100,12 @@ func (d *Dispenser) nextOnSameLine() bool {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
-	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens)-1 {
+	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
 		return false
 	}
-	curr := d.tokens[d.cursor]
+	if d.cursor < len(d.tokens)-1 &&
-	next := d.tokens[d.cursor+1]
+		d.tokens[d.cursor].File == d.tokens[d.cursor+1].File &&
-	if !isNextOnNewLine(curr, next) {
+		d.tokens[d.cursor].Line+d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor) == d.tokens[d.cursor+1].Line {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
@@ -126,12 +121,12 @@ func (d *Dispenser) NextLine() bool {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
-	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens)-1 {
+	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
 		return false
 	}
-	curr := d.tokens[d.cursor]
+	if d.cursor < len(d.tokens)-1 &&
-	next := d.tokens[d.cursor+1]
+		(d.tokens[d.cursor].File != d.tokens[d.cursor+1].File ||
-	if isNextOnNewLine(curr, next) {
+			d.tokens[d.cursor].Line+d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor) < d.tokens[d.cursor+1].Line) {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
@@ -206,46 +201,6 @@ func (d *Dispenser) Val() string {
 	return d.tokens[d.cursor].Text
 }
 // ValRaw gets the raw text of the current token (including quotes).
 // If the token was a heredoc, then the delimiter is not included,
 // because that is not relevant to any unmarshaling logic at this time.
 // If there is no token loaded, it returns empty string.
 func (d *Dispenser) ValRaw() string {
 	if d.cursor < 0 || d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
 		return ""
 	}
 	quote := d.tokens[d.cursor].wasQuoted
 	if quote > 0 && quote != '<' {
 		// string literal
 		return string(quote) + d.tokens[d.cursor].Text + string(quote)
 	}
 	return d.tokens[d.cursor].Text
 }
 // ScalarVal gets value of the current token, converted to the closest
 // scalar type. If there is no token loaded, it returns nil.
 func (d *Dispenser) ScalarVal() any {
 	if d.cursor < 0 || d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
 		return nil
 	}
 	quote := d.tokens[d.cursor].wasQuoted
 	text := d.tokens[d.cursor].Text
 	if quote > 0 {
 		return text // string literal
 	}
 	if num, err := strconv.Atoi(text); err == nil {
 		return num
 	}
 	if num, err := strconv.ParseFloat(text, 64); err == nil {
 		return num
 	}
 	if bool, err := strconv.ParseBool(text); err == nil {
 		return bool
 	}
 	return text
 }
 // Line gets the line number of the current token.
 // If there is no token loaded, it returns 0.
 func (d *Dispenser) Line() int {
@@ -270,7 +225,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) File() string {
 // targets are left unchanged. If all the targets are filled,
 // then true is returned.
 func (d *Dispenser) Args(targets ...*string) bool {
-	for i := range targets {
+	for i := 0; i < len(targets); i++ {
 		if !d.NextArg() {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -294,23 +249,10 @@ func (d *Dispenser) AllArgs(targets ...*string) bool {
 	return true
 }
 // CountRemainingArgs counts the amount of remaining arguments
 // (tokens on the same line) without consuming the tokens.
 func (d *Dispenser) CountRemainingArgs() int {
 	count := 0
 	for d.NextArg() {
 		count++
 	}
 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
 		d.Prev()
 	}
 	return count
 }
 // RemainingArgs loads any more arguments (tokens on the same line)
-// into a slice of strings and returns them. Open curly brace tokens
+// into a slice and returns them. Open curly brace tokens also indicate
-// also indicate the end of arguments, and the curly brace is not
+// the end of arguments, and the curly brace is not included in
-// included in the return value nor is it loaded.
+// the return value nor is it loaded.
 func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgs() []string {
 	var args []string
 	for d.NextArg() {
@@ -319,30 +261,6 @@ func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgs() []string {
 	return args
 }
 // RemainingArgsRaw loads any more arguments (tokens on the same line,
 // retaining quotes) into a slice of strings and returns them.
 // Open curly brace tokens also indicate the end of arguments,
 // and the curly brace is not included in the return value nor is it loaded.
 func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgsRaw() []string {
 	var args []string
 	for d.NextArg() {
 		args = append(args, d.ValRaw())
 	}
 	return args
 }
 // RemainingArgsAsTokens loads any more arguments (tokens on the same line)
 // into a slice of Token-structs and returns them. Open curly brace tokens
 // also indicate the end of arguments, and the curly brace is not included
 // in the return value nor is it loaded.
 func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgsAsTokens() []Token {
 	var args []Token
 	for d.NextArg() {
 		args = append(args, d.Token())
 	}
 	return args
 }
 // NewFromNextSegment returns a new dispenser with a copy of
 // the tokens from the current token until the end of the
 // "directive" whether that be to the end of the line or
@@ -407,40 +325,33 @@ func (d *Dispenser) Reset() {
 // an argument.
 func (d *Dispenser) ArgErr() error {
 	if d.Val() == "{" {
-		return d.Err("unexpected token '{', expecting argument")
+		return d.Err("Unexpected token '{', expecting argument")
 	}
-	return d.Errf("wrong argument count or unexpected line ending after '%s'", d.Val())
+	return d.Errf("Wrong argument count or unexpected line ending after '%s'", d.Val())
 }
 // SyntaxErr creates a generic syntax error which explains what was
 // found and what was expected.
 func (d *Dispenser) SyntaxErr(expected string) error {
-	msg := fmt.Sprintf("syntax error: unexpected token '%s', expecting '%s', at %s:%d import chain: ['%s']", d.Val(), expected, d.File(), d.Line(), strings.Join(d.Token().imports, "','"))
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d - Syntax error: Unexpected token '%s', expecting '%s'", d.File(), d.Line(), d.Val(), expected)
 	return errors.New(msg)
 }
 // EOFErr returns an error indicating that the dispenser reached
 // the end of the input when searching for the next token.
 func (d *Dispenser) EOFErr() error {
-	return d.Errf("unexpected EOF")
+	return d.Errf("Unexpected EOF")
 }
 // Err generates a custom parse-time error with a message of msg.
 func (d *Dispenser) Err(msg string) error {
-	return d.WrapErr(errors.New(msg))
+	return d.Errf(msg)
 }
 // Errf is like Err, but for formatted error messages
-func (d *Dispenser) Errf(format string, args ...any) error {
+func (d *Dispenser) Errf(format string, args ...interface{}) error {
-	return d.WrapErr(fmt.Errorf(format, args...))
+	err := fmt.Errorf(format, args...)
-}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%s:%d - Error during parsing: %w", d.File(), d.Line(), err)
 // WrapErr takes an existing error and adds the Caddyfile file and line number.
 func (d *Dispenser) WrapErr(err error) error {
 	if len(d.Token().imports) > 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w, at %s:%d import chain ['%s']", err, d.File(), d.Line(), strings.Join(d.Token().imports, "','"))
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("%w, at %s:%d", err, d.File(), d.Line())
 }
 // Delete deletes the current token and returns the updated slice
@@ -460,42 +371,14 @@ func (d *Dispenser) Delete() []Token {
 	return d.tokens
 }
-// DeleteN is the same as Delete, but can delete many tokens at once.
+// numLineBreaks counts how many line breaks are in the token
-// If there aren't N tokens available to delete, none are deleted.
+// value given by the token index tknIdx. It returns 0 if the
-func (d *Dispenser) DeleteN(amount int) []Token {
+// token does not exist or there are no line breaks.
-	if amount > 0 && d.cursor >= (amount-1) && d.cursor <= len(d.tokens)-1 {
+func (d *Dispenser) numLineBreaks(tknIdx int) int {
-		d.tokens = append(d.tokens[:d.cursor-(amount-1)], d.tokens[d.cursor+1:]...)
+	if tknIdx < 0 || tknIdx >= len(d.tokens) {
-		d.cursor -= amount
+		return 0
 	}
-	return d.tokens
+	return strings.Count(d.tokens[tknIdx].Text, "\n")
 }
 // SetContext sets a key-value pair in the context map.
 func (d *Dispenser) SetContext(key string, value any) {
 	if d.context == nil {
 		d.context = make(map[string]any)
 	}
 	d.context[key] = value
 }
 // GetContext gets the value of a key in the context map.
 func (d *Dispenser) GetContext(key string) any {
 	if d.context == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return d.context[key]
 }
 // GetContextString gets the value of a key in the context map
 // as a string, or an empty string if the key does not exist.
 func (d *Dispenser) GetContextString(key string) string {
 	if d.context == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
 	if val, ok := d.context[key].(string); ok {
 		return val
 	}
 	return ""
 }
 // isNewLine determines whether the current token is on a different
@@ -508,26 +391,6 @@ func (d *Dispenser) isNewLine() bool {
 	if d.cursor > len(d.tokens)-1 {
 		return false
 	}
-
+	return d.tokens[d.cursor-1].File != d.tokens[d.cursor].File ||
-	prev := d.tokens[d.cursor-1]
+		d.tokens[d.cursor-1].Line+d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor-1) < d.tokens[d.cursor].Line
 	curr := d.tokens[d.cursor]
 	return isNextOnNewLine(prev, curr)
 }
 // isNextOnNewLine determines whether the current token is on a different
 // line (higher line number) than the next token. It handles imported
 // tokens correctly. If there isn't a next token, it returns true.
 func (d *Dispenser) isNextOnNewLine() bool {
 	if d.cursor < 0 {
 		return false
 	}
 	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens)-1 {
 		return true
 	}
 	curr := d.tokens[d.cursor]
 	next := d.tokens[d.cursor+1]
 	return isNextOnNewLine(curr, next)
 }
 const MatcherNameCtxKey = "matcher_name"
@@ -274,66 +274,6 @@ func TestDispenser_RemainingArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 func TestDispenser_RemainingArgsAsTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `dir1 arg1 arg2 arg3
 			  dir2 arg4 arg5
 			  dir3 arg6 { arg7
 			  dir4`
 	d := NewTestDispenser(input)
 	d.Next() // dir1
 	args := d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
 	tokenTexts := make([]string, 0, len(args))
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
 	}
 	if expected := []string{"arg1", "arg2", "arg3"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(tokenTexts, expected) {
 		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", expected, tokenTexts)
 	}
 	d.Next() // dir2
 	args = d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
 	tokenTexts = tokenTexts[:0]
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
 	}
 	if expected := []string{"arg4", "arg5"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(tokenTexts, expected) {
 		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", expected, tokenTexts)
 	}
 	d.Next() // dir3
 	args = d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
 	tokenTexts = tokenTexts[:0]
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
 	}
 	if expected := []string{"arg6"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(tokenTexts, expected) {
 		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", expected, tokenTexts)
 	}
 	d.Next() // {
 	d.Next() // arg7
 	d.Next() // dir4
 	args = d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
 	tokenTexts = tokenTexts[:0]
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
 	}
 	if len(args) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", []string{}, tokenTexts)
 	}
 }
 func TestDispenser_ArgErr_Err(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `dir1 {
 			  }
@@ -365,7 +305,7 @@ func TestDispenser_ArgErr_Err(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected error message with custom message in it ('foobar'); got '%v'", err)
 	}
-	ErrBarIsFull := errors.New("bar is full")
+	var ErrBarIsFull = errors.New("bar is full")
 	bookingError := d.Errf("unable to reserve: %w", ErrBarIsFull)
 	if !errors.Is(bookingError, ErrBarIsFull) {
 		t.Errorf("Errf(): should be able to unwrap the error chain")
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 )
@@ -33,14 +31,6 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 	out := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	rdr := bytes.NewReader(input)
 	type heredocState int
 	const (
 		heredocClosed  heredocState = 0
 		heredocOpening heredocState = 1
 		heredocOpened  heredocState = 2
 	)
 	var (
 		last rune // the last character that was written to the result
@@ -54,14 +44,9 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		newLines int // count of newlines consumed
 		comment bool // whether we're in a comment
-		quotes  string // encountered quotes ('', '`', '"', '"`', '`"')
+		quoted  bool // whether we're in a quoted segment
 		escaped bool // whether current char is escaped
 		heredoc              heredocState // whether we're in a heredoc
 		heredocEscaped       bool         // whether heredoc is escaped
 		heredocMarker        []rune
 		heredocClosingMarker []rune
 		nesting int // indentation level
 	)
@@ -89,61 +74,6 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			}
 			panic(err)
 		}
 		// detect whether we have the start of a heredoc
 		if quotes == "" && (heredoc == heredocClosed && !heredocEscaped) &&
 			space && last == '<' && ch == '<' {
 			write(ch)
 			heredoc = heredocOpening
 			space = false
 			continue
 		}
 		if heredoc == heredocOpening {
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				if len(heredocMarker) > 0 && heredocMarkerRegexp.MatchString(string(heredocMarker)) {
 					heredoc = heredocOpened
 				} else {
 					heredocMarker = nil
 					heredoc = heredocClosed
 					nextLine()
 					continue
 				}
 				write(ch)
 				continue
 			}
 			if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
 				// a space means it's just a regular token and not a heredoc
 				heredocMarker = nil
 				heredoc = heredocClosed
 			} else {
 				heredocMarker = append(heredocMarker, ch)
 				write(ch)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
 		// if we're in a heredoc, all characters are read&write as-is
 		if heredoc == heredocOpened {
 			heredocClosingMarker = append(heredocClosingMarker, ch)
 			if len(heredocClosingMarker) > len(heredocMarker)+1 { // We assert that the heredocClosingMarker is followed by a unicode.Space
 				heredocClosingMarker = heredocClosingMarker[1:]
 			}
 			// check if we're done
 			if unicode.IsSpace(ch) && slices.Equal(heredocClosingMarker[:len(heredocClosingMarker)-1], heredocMarker) {
 				heredocMarker = nil
 				heredocClosingMarker = nil
 				heredoc = heredocClosed
 			} else {
 				write(ch)
 				if ch == '\n' {
 					heredocClosingMarker = heredocClosingMarker[:0]
 				}
 				continue
 			}
 		}
 		if last == '<' && space {
 			space = false
 		}
 		if comment {
 			if ch == '\n' {
@@ -168,60 +98,25 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		}
 		if escaped {
 			if ch == '<' {
 				heredocEscaped = true
 			}
 			write(ch)
 			escaped = false
 			continue
 		}
-		if ch == '`' {
+		if quoted {
 			switch quotes {
 			case "\"`":
 				quotes = "\""
 			case "`":
 				quotes = ""
 			case "\"":
 				quotes = "\"`"
 			default:
 				quotes = "`"
 			}
 		}
 		if quotes == "\"" {
 			if ch == '"' {
-				quotes = ""
+				quoted = false
 			}
 			write(ch)
 			continue
 		}
-		if ch == '"' {
+		if space && ch == '"' {
-			switch quotes {
+			quoted = true
 			case "":
 				if space {
 					quotes = "\""
 				}
 			case "`\"":
 				quotes = "`"
 			case "\"`":
 				quotes = ""
 			}
 		}
 		if strings.Contains(quotes, "`") {
 			if ch == '`' && space && !beginningOfLine {
 				write(' ')
 			}
 			write(ch)
 			space = false
 			continue
 		}
 		if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
 			space = true
 			heredocEscaped = false
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				newLines++
 			}
@@ -251,39 +146,27 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			openBrace = false
 			if beginningOfLine {
 				indent()
-			} else if !openBraceSpace || !unicode.IsSpace(last) {
+			} else if !openBraceSpace {
 				write(' ')
 			}
 			write('{')
 			openBraceWritten = true
 			nextLine()
 			newLines = 0
 			// prevent infinite nesting from ridiculous inputs (issue #4169)
 			if nesting < 10 {
 			nesting++
 		}
 		}
 		switch {
 		case ch == '{':
 			openBrace = true
 			openBraceSpace = spacePrior && !beginningOfLine
 			if openBraceSpace && newLines == 0 {
 				write(' ')
 			}
 			openBraceWritten = false
-			if quotes == "`" {
+			openBraceSpace = spacePrior && !beginningOfLine
-				write('{')
+			if openBraceSpace {
-				openBraceWritten = true
+				write(' ')
 				continue
 			}
 			continue
 		case ch == '}' && (spacePrior || !openBrace):
 			if quotes == "`" {
 				write('}')
 				continue
 			}
 			if last != '\n' {
 				nextLine()
 			}
@@ -319,11 +202,6 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			write('{')
 			openBraceWritten = true
 		}
 		if spacePrior && ch == '<' {
 			space = true
 		}
 		write(ch)
 		beginningOfLine = false
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-//go:build gofuzz
+// +build gofuzz
 package caddyfile
@@ -179,11 +179,6 @@ d {
 	{$F}
 }`,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "env var placeholders with port",
 			input:       `:{$PORT}`,
 			expect:      `:{$PORT}`,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "comments",
 			input: `#a "\n"
@@ -364,117 +359,6 @@ block {
 }
 `,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "keep heredoc as-is",
 			input: `block {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC
 	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
 	HEREDOC
 }
 `,
 			expect: `block {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC
 	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
 	HEREDOC
 }
 `,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "Mixing heredoc with regular part",
 			input: `block {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC
 	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
 	HEREDOC
 	respond "More than one space will be eaten"     200
 }
 block2 {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC
 	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
 	HEREDOC
 	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
 }
 `,
 			expect: `block {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC
 	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
 	HEREDOC
 	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
 }
 block2 {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC
 	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
 	HEREDOC
 	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
 }
 `,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "Heredoc as regular token",
 			input: `block {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC                                 "More than one space will be eaten"
 }
 `,
 			expect: `block {
 	heredoc <<HEREDOC "More than one space will be eaten"
 }
 `,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "Escape heredoc",
 			input: `block {
 	heredoc \<<HEREDOC
 	respond "More than one space will be eaten"                           200
 }
 `,
 			expect: `block {
 	heredoc \<<HEREDOC
 	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
 }
 `,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "Preserve braces wrapped by backquotes",
 			input:       "block {respond `All braces should remain: {{now | date \"2006\"}}`}",
 			expect:      "block {respond `All braces should remain: {{now | date \"2006\"}}`}",
 		},
 		{
 			description: "Preserve braces wrapped by quotes",
 			input:       "block {respond \"All braces should remain: {{now | date `2006`}}\"}",
 			expect:      "block {respond \"All braces should remain: {{now | date `2006`}}\"}",
 		},
 		{
 			description: "Preserve quoted backticks and backticked quotes",
 			input:       "block { respond \"`\" } block { respond `\"`}",
 			expect:      "block {\n\trespond \"`\"\n}\n\nblock {\n\trespond `\"`\n}",
 		},
 		{
 			description: "No trailing space on line before env variable",
 			input: `{
 	a
 	{$ENV_VAR}
 }
 `,
 			expect: `{
 	a
 	{$ENV_VAR}
 }
 `,
 		},
 		{
 			description: "issue #7425: multiline backticked string indentation",
 			input: `https://localhost:8953 {
    respond ` + "`" + `Here are some random numbers:
 {{randNumeric 16}}
 Hope this helps.` + "`" + `
 }`,
 			expect: "https://localhost:8953 {\n\trespond `Here are some random numbers:\n\n{{randNumeric 16}}\n\nHope this helps.`\n}",
 		},
 	} {
 		// the formatter should output a trailing newline,
 		// even if the tests aren't written to expect that
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
 // Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 package caddyfile
 import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )
 // parseVariadic determines if the token is a variadic placeholder,
 // and if so, determines the index range (start/end) of args to use.
 // Returns a boolean signaling whether a variadic placeholder was found,
 // and the start and end indices.
 func parseVariadic(token Token, argCount int) (bool, int, int) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(token.Text, "{args[") {
 		return false, 0, 0
 	}
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(token.Text, "]}") {
 		return false, 0, 0
 	}
 	argRange := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(token.Text, "{args["), "]}")
 	if argRange == "" {
 		caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 			"Placeholder "+token.Text+" cannot have an empty index",
 			zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)), zap.Strings("import_chain", token.imports))
 		return false, 0, 0
 	}
 	start, end, found := strings.Cut(argRange, ":")
 	// If no ":" delimiter is found, this is not a variadic.
 	// The replacer will pick this up.
 	if !found {
 		return false, 0, 0
 	}
 	// A valid token may contain several placeholders, and
 	// they may be separated by ":". It's not variadic.
 	// https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/5716
 	if strings.Contains(start, "}") || strings.Contains(end, "{") {
 		return false, 0, 0
 	}
 	var (
 		startIndex = 0
 		endIndex   = argCount
 		err        error
 	)
 	if start != "" {
 		startIndex, err = strconv.Atoi(start)
 		if err != nil {
 			caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 				"Variadic placeholder "+token.Text+" has an invalid start index",
 				zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)), zap.Strings("import_chain", token.imports))
 			return false, 0, 0
 		}
 	}
 	if end != "" {
 		endIndex, err = strconv.Atoi(end)
 		if err != nil {
 			caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 				"Variadic placeholder "+token.Text+" has an invalid end index",
 				zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)), zap.Strings("import_chain", token.imports))
 			return false, 0, 0
 		}
 	}
 	// bound check
 	if startIndex < 0 || startIndex > endIndex || endIndex > argCount {
 		caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 			"Variadic placeholder "+token.Text+" indices are out of bounds, only "+strconv.Itoa(argCount)+" argument(s) exist",
 			zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)), zap.Strings("import_chain", token.imports))
 		return false, 0, 0
 	}
 	return true, startIndex, endIndex
 }
 // makeArgsReplacer prepares a Replacer which can replace
 // non-variadic args placeholders in imported tokens.
 func makeArgsReplacer(args []string) *caddy.Replacer {
 	repl := caddy.NewEmptyReplacer()
 	repl.Map(func(key string) (any, bool) {
 		// TODO: Remove the deprecated {args.*} placeholder
 		// support at some point in the future
 		if matches := argsRegexpIndexDeprecated.FindStringSubmatch(key); len(matches) > 0 {
 			// What's matched may be a substring of the key
 			if matches[0] != key {
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			value, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
 			if err != nil {
 				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 					"Placeholder {args." + matches[1] + "} has an invalid index")
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			if value >= len(args) {
 				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 					"Placeholder {args." + matches[1] + "} index is out of bounds, only " + strconv.Itoa(len(args)) + " argument(s) exist")
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 				"Placeholder {args." + matches[1] + "} deprecated, use {args[" + matches[1] + "]} instead")
 			return args[value], true
 		}
 		// Handle args[*] form
 		if matches := argsRegexpIndex.FindStringSubmatch(key); len(matches) > 0 {
 			// What's matched may be a substring of the key
 			if matches[0] != key {
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			if strings.Contains(matches[1], ":") {
 				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 					"Variadic placeholder {args[" + matches[1] + "]} must be a token on its own")
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			value, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
 			if err != nil {
 				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 					"Placeholder {args[" + matches[1] + "]} has an invalid index")
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			if value >= len(args) {
 				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
 					"Placeholder {args[" + matches[1] + "]} index is out of bounds, only " + strconv.Itoa(len(args)) + " argument(s) exist")
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			return args[value], true
 		}
 		// Not an args placeholder, ignore
 		return nil, false
 	})
 	return repl
 }
 var (
 	argsRegexpIndexDeprecated = regexp.MustCompile(`args\.(.+)`)
 	argsRegexpIndex           = regexp.MustCompile(`args\[(.+)]`)
 )
@@ -16,26 +16,24 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 )
 type adjacency map[string][]string
 type importGraph struct {
-	nodes map[string]struct{}
+	nodes map[string]bool
 	edges adjacency
 }
 func (i *importGraph) addNode(name string) {
 	if i.nodes == nil {
-		i.nodes = make(map[string]struct{})
+		i.nodes = make(map[string]bool)
 	}
 	if _, exists := i.nodes[name]; exists {
 		return
 	}
-	i.nodes[name] = struct{}{}
+	i.nodes[name] = true
 }
 func (i *importGraph) addNodes(names []string) {
 	for _, name := range names {
 		i.addNode(name)
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@ func (i *importGraph) addNodes(names []string) {
 func (i *importGraph) removeNode(name string) {
 	delete(i.nodes, name)
 }
 func (i *importGraph) removeNodes(names []string) {
 	for _, name := range names {
 		i.removeNode(name)
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ func (i *importGraph) addEdge(from, to string) error {
 	}
 	if i.nodes == nil {
-		i.nodes = make(map[string]struct{})
+		i.nodes = make(map[string]bool)
 	}
 	if i.edges == nil {
 		i.edges = make(adjacency)
@@ -76,7 +73,6 @@ func (i *importGraph) addEdge(from, to string) error {
 	i.edges[from] = append(i.edges[from], to)
 	return nil
 }
 func (i *importGraph) addEdges(from string, tos []string) error {
 	for _, to := range tos {
 		err := i.addEdge(from, to)
@@ -92,7 +88,12 @@ func (i *importGraph) areConnected(from, to string) bool {
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
-	return slices.Contains(al, to)
+	for _, v := range al {
 		if v == to {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }
 func (i *importGraph) willCycle(from, to string) bool {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+// Copyright 2015 Light Code Labs, LLC
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 )
@@ -39,40 +36,13 @@ type (
 	// Token represents a single parsable unit.
 	Token struct {
 		File        string
 		imports       []string
 		Line        int
 		Text        string
-		wasQuoted     rune // enclosing quote character, if any
+		inSnippet   bool
 		heredocMarker string
 		snippetName string
 	}
 )
 // Tokenize takes bytes as input and lexes it into
 // a list of tokens that can be parsed as a Caddyfile.
 // Also takes a filename to fill the token's File as
 // the source of the tokens, which is important to
 // determine relative paths for `import` directives.
 func Tokenize(input []byte, filename string) ([]Token, error) {
 	l := lexer{}
 	if err := l.load(bytes.NewReader(input)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	var tokens []Token
 	for {
 		found, err := l.next()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		if !found {
 			break
 		}
 		l.token.File = filename
 		tokens = append(tokens, l.token)
 	}
 	return tokens, nil
 }
 // load prepares the lexer to scan an input for tokens.
 // It discards any leading byte order mark.
 func (l *lexer) load(input io.Reader) error {
@@ -104,107 +74,27 @@ func (l *lexer) load(input io.Reader) error {
 // may be escaped. The rest of the line is skipped
 // if a "#" character is read in. Returns true if
 // a token was loaded; false otherwise.
-func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
+func (l *lexer) next() bool {
 	var val []rune
-	var comment, quoted, btQuoted, inHeredoc, heredocEscaped, escaped bool
+	var comment, quoted, btQuoted, escaped bool
 	var heredocMarker string
-	makeToken := func(quoted rune) bool {
+	makeToken := func() bool {
 		l.token.Text = string(val)
 		l.token.wasQuoted = quoted
 		l.token.heredocMarker = heredocMarker
 		return true
 	}
 	for {
 		// Read a character in; if err then if we had
 		// read some characters, make a token. If we
 		// reached EOF, then no more tokens to read.
 		// If no EOF, then we had a problem.
 		ch, _, err := l.reader.ReadRune()
 		if err != nil {
 			if len(val) > 0 {
-				if inHeredoc {
+				return makeToken()
 					return false, fmt.Errorf("incomplete heredoc <<%s on line #%d, expected ending marker %s", heredocMarker, l.line+l.skippedLines, heredocMarker)
 				}
 				return makeToken(0), nil
 			}
 			if err == io.EOF {
-				return false, nil
+				return false
 			}
-			return false, err
+			panic(err)
 		}
 		// detect whether we have the start of a heredoc
 		if (!quoted && !btQuoted) && (!inHeredoc && !heredocEscaped) &&
 			len(val) > 1 && string(val[:2]) == "<<" {
 			// a space means it's just a regular token and not a heredoc
 			if ch == ' ' {
 				return makeToken(0), nil
 			}
 			// skip CR, we only care about LF
 			if ch == '\r' {
 				continue
 			}
 			// after hitting a newline, we know that the heredoc marker
 			// is the characters after the two << and the newline.
 			// we reset the val because the heredoc is syntax we don't
 			// want to keep.
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				if len(val) == 2 {
 					return false, fmt.Errorf("missing opening heredoc marker on line #%d; must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got empty string", l.line)
 				}
 				// check if there's too many <
 				if string(val[:3]) == "<<<" {
 					return false, fmt.Errorf("too many '<' for heredoc on line #%d; only use two, for example <<END", l.line)
 				}
 				heredocMarker = string(val[2:])
 				if !heredocMarkerRegexp.Match([]byte(heredocMarker)) {
 					return false, fmt.Errorf("heredoc marker on line #%d must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got '%s'", l.line, heredocMarker)
 				}
 				inHeredoc = true
 				l.skippedLines++
 				val = nil
 				continue
 			}
 			val = append(val, ch)
 			continue
 		}
 		// if we're in a heredoc, all characters are read as-is
 		if inHeredoc {
 			val = append(val, ch)
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				l.skippedLines++
 			}
 			// check if we're done, i.e. that the last few characters are the marker
 			if len(val) >= len(heredocMarker) && heredocMarker == string(val[len(val)-len(heredocMarker):]) {
 				// set the final value
 				val, err = l.finalizeHeredoc(val, heredocMarker)
 				if err != nil {
 					return false, err
 				}
 				// set the line counter, and make the token
 				l.line += l.skippedLines
 				l.skippedLines = 0
 				return makeToken('<'), nil
 			}
 			// stay in the heredoc until we find the ending marker
 			continue
 		}
 		// track whether we found an escape '\' for the next
 		// iteration to be contextually aware
 		if !escaped && !btQuoted && ch == '\\' {
 			escaped = true
 			continue
@@ -219,29 +109,26 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 				}
 				escaped = false
 			} else {
-				if (quoted && ch == '"') || (btQuoted && ch == '`') {
+				if quoted && ch == '"' {
-					return makeToken(ch), nil
+					return makeToken()
 				}
 				if btQuoted && ch == '`' {
 					return makeToken()
 				}
 			}
 			// allow quoted text to wrap continue on multiple lines
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				l.line += 1 + l.skippedLines
 				l.skippedLines = 0
 			}
 			// collect this character as part of the quoted token
 			val = append(val, ch)
 			continue
 		}
 		if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
 			// ignore CR altogether, we only actually care about LF (\n)
 			if ch == '\r' {
 				continue
 			}
 			// end of the line
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				// newlines can be escaped to chain arguments
 				// onto multiple lines; else, increment the line count
 				if escaped {
 					l.skippedLines++
 					escaped = false
@@ -249,18 +136,14 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 					l.line += 1 + l.skippedLines
 					l.skippedLines = 0
 				}
 				// comments (#) are single-line only
 				comment = false
 			}
 			// any kind of space means we're at the end of this token
 			if len(val) > 0 {
-				return makeToken(0), nil
+				return makeToken()
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 		// comments must be at the start of a token,
 		// in other words, preceded by space or newline
 		if ch == '#' && len(val) == 0 {
 			comment = true
 		}
@@ -281,12 +164,7 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 		}
 		if escaped {
 			// allow escaping the first < to skip the heredoc syntax
 			if ch == '<' {
 				heredocEscaped = true
 			} else {
 			val = append(val, '\\')
 			}
 			escaped = false
 		}
@@ -294,107 +172,20 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 	}
 }
-// finalizeHeredoc takes the runes read as the heredoc text and the marker,
+// Tokenize takes bytes as input and lexes it into
-// and processes the text to strip leading whitespace, returning the final
+// a list of tokens that can be parsed as a Caddyfile.
-// value without the leading whitespace.
+// Also takes a filename to fill the token's File as
-func (l *lexer) finalizeHeredoc(val []rune, marker string) ([]rune, error) {
+// the source of the tokens, which is important to
-	stringVal := string(val)
+// determine relative paths for `import` directives.
-
+func Tokenize(input []byte, filename string) ([]Token, error) {
-	// find the last newline of the heredoc, which is where the contents end
+	l := lexer{}
-	lastNewline := strings.LastIndex(stringVal, "\n")
+	if err := l.load(bytes.NewReader(input)); err != nil {
-
+		return nil, err
 	// collapse the content, then split into separate lines
 	lines := strings.Split(stringVal[:lastNewline+1], "\n")
 	// figure out how much whitespace we need to strip from the front of every line
 	// by getting the string that precedes the marker, on the last line
 	paddingToStrip := stringVal[lastNewline+1 : len(stringVal)-len(marker)]
 	// iterate over each line and strip the whitespace from the front
 	var out string
 	for lineNum, lineText := range lines[:len(lines)-1] {
 		if lineText == "" || lineText == "\r" {
 			out += "\n"
 			continue
 	}
-
+	var tokens []Token
-		// find an exact match for the padding
+	for l.next() {
-		index := strings.Index(lineText, paddingToStrip)
+		l.token.File = filename
-
+		tokens = append(tokens, l.token)
 		// if the padding doesn't match exactly at the start then we can't safely strip
 		if index != 0 {
 			cleanLineText := strings.TrimRight(lineText, "\r\n")
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<%s on line #%d [%s], expected whitespace [%s] to match the closing marker", marker, l.line+lineNum+1, cleanLineText, paddingToStrip)
 	}
-
+	return tokens, nil
 		// strip, then append the line, with the newline, to the output.
 		// also removes all "\r" because Windows.
 		out += strings.ReplaceAll(lineText[len(paddingToStrip):]+"\n", "\r", "")
 	}
 	// Remove the trailing newline from the loop
 	if len(out) > 0 && out[len(out)-1] == '\n' {
 		out = out[:len(out)-1]
 	}
 	// return the final value
 	return []rune(out), nil
 }
 // Quoted returns true if the token was enclosed in quotes
 // (i.e. double quotes, backticks, or heredoc).
 func (t Token) Quoted() bool {
 	return t.wasQuoted > 0
 }
 // NumLineBreaks counts how many line breaks are in the token text.
 func (t Token) NumLineBreaks() int {
 	lineBreaks := strings.Count(t.Text, "\n")
 	if t.wasQuoted == '<' {
 		// heredocs have an extra linebreak because the opening
 		// delimiter is on its own line and is not included in the
 		// token Text itself, and the trailing newline is removed.
 		lineBreaks += 2
 	}
 	return lineBreaks
 }
 // Clone returns a deep copy of the token.
 func (t Token) Clone() Token {
 	return Token{
 		File:          t.File,
 		imports:       append([]string{}, t.imports...),
 		Line:          t.Line,
 		Text:          t.Text,
 		wasQuoted:     t.wasQuoted,
 		heredocMarker: t.heredocMarker,
 		snippetName:   t.snippetName,
 	}
 }
 var heredocMarkerRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$")
 // isNextOnNewLine tests whether t2 is on a different line from t1
 func isNextOnNewLine(t1, t2 Token) bool {
 	// If the second token is from a different file,
 	// we can assume it's from a different line
 	if t1.File != t2.File {
 		return true
 	}
 	// If the second token is from a different import chain,
 	// we can assume it's from a different line
 	if len(t1.imports) != len(t2.imports) {
 		return true
 	}
 	for i, im := range t1.imports {
 		if im != t2.imports[i] {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 	// If the first token (incl line breaks) ends
 	// on a line earlier than the next token,
 	// then the second token is on a new line
 	return t1.Line+t1.NumLineBreaks() < t2.Line
 }
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-//go:build gofuzz
+// +build gofuzz
 package caddyfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+// Copyright 2015 Light Code Labs, LLC
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
-func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
+type lexerTestCase struct {
 	testCases := []struct {
 	input    []byte
 	expected []Token
-		expectErr    bool
+}
-		errorMessage string
+
-	}{
+func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []lexerTestCase{
 		{
 			input: []byte(`host:123`),
 			expected: []Token{
@@ -249,273 +249,12 @@ func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
 				{Line: 1, Text: `quotes`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 content
 EOF same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "content"},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<VERY-LONG-MARKER
 content
 VERY-LONG-MARKER same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "content"},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 extra-newline
 EOF same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "extra-newline\n"},
 				{Line: 4, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 EOF
 	HERE same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: ``},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `HERE`},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 		EOF same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: ""},
 				{Line: 2, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 	content
 	EOF same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "content"},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`prev-line
 	heredoc <<EOF
 		multi
 		line
 		content
 	EOF same-line-arg
 	next-line
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `prev-line`},
 				{Line: 2, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 2, Text: "\tmulti\n\tline\n\tcontent"},
 				{Line: 6, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 				{Line: 7, Text: `next-line`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`escaped-heredoc \<< >>`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `escaped-heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `<<`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `>>`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`not-a-heredoc <EOF
 	content
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `not-a-heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `<EOF`},
 				{Line: 2, Text: `content`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`not-a-heredoc <<<EOF content`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `not-a-heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `<<<EOF`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `content`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`not-a-heredoc "<<" ">>"`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `not-a-heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `<<`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `>>`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`not-a-heredoc << >>`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `not-a-heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `<<`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `>>`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`not-a-heredoc <<HERE SAME LINE
 	content
 	HERE same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `not-a-heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `<<HERE`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `SAME`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: `LINE`},
 				{Line: 2, Text: `content`},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `HERE`},
 				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<s
 			�
 			s
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "�"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte("\u000Aheredoc \u003C\u003C\u0073\u0073\u000A\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F\u000A\u0073\u0073\u000A\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F\u000A\u00BF\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F"),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{
 					Line: 2,
 					Text: "heredoc",
 				},
 				{
 					Line: 2,
 					Text: "\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F",
 				},
 				{
 					Line: 5,
 					Text: "\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F",
 				},
 				{
 					Line: 6,
 					Text: "\u00BF\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F",
 				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:        []byte("not-a-heredoc <<\n"),
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "missing opening heredoc marker on line #1; must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got empty string",
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<<EOF
 	content
 	EOF same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "too many '<' for heredoc on line #1; only use two, for example <<END",
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 	content
 	`),
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "incomplete heredoc <<EOF on line #3, expected ending marker EOF",
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 	content
 		EOF
 	`),
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #2 [\tcontent], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
        content
 		EOF
 	`),
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #2 [        content], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 The next line is a blank line
 The previous line is a blank line
 EOF`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: "heredoc"},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "The next line is a blank line\n\nThe previous line is a blank line"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 	One tab indented heredoc with blank next line
 	One tab indented heredoc with blank previous line
 	EOF`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: "heredoc"},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "One tab indented heredoc with blank next line\n\nOne tab indented heredoc with blank previous line"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 The next line is a blank line with one tab
 The previous line is a blank line with one tab
 EOF`),
 			expected: []Token{
 				{Line: 1, Text: "heredoc"},
 				{Line: 1, Text: "The next line is a blank line with one tab\n\t\nThe previous line is a blank line with one tab"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 		The next line is a blank line with one tab less than the correct indentation
 		The previous line is a blank line with one tab less than the correct indentation
 		EOF`),
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #3 [\t], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
 		},
 	}
 	for i, testCase := range testCases {
 		actual, err := Tokenize(testCase.input, "")
 		if testCase.expectErr {
 			if err == nil {
 				t.Fatalf("expected error, got actual: %v", actual)
 				continue
 			}
 			if err.Error() != testCase.errorMessage {
 				t.Fatalf("expected error '%v', got: %v", testCase.errorMessage, err)
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+			t.Errorf("%v", err)
 		}
 		lexerCompare(t, i, testCase.expected, actual)
 	}
@@ -523,17 +262,17 @@ EOF`),
 func lexerCompare(t *testing.T, n int, expected, actual []Token) {
 	if len(expected) != len(actual) {
-		t.Fatalf("Test case %d: expected %d token(s) but got %d", n, len(expected), len(actual))
+		t.Errorf("Test case %d: expected %d token(s) but got %d", n, len(expected), len(actual))
 	}
 	for i := 0; i < len(actual) && i < len(expected); i++ {
 		if actual[i].Line != expected[i].Line {
-			t.Fatalf("Test case %d token %d ('%s'): expected line %d but was line %d",
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d token %d ('%s'): expected line %d but was line %d",
 				n, i, expected[i].Text, expected[i].Line, actual[i].Line)
 			break
 		}
 		if actual[i].Text != expected[i].Text {
-			t.Fatalf("Test case %d token %d: expected text '%s' but was '%s'",
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d token %d: expected text '%s' but was '%s'",
 				n, i, expected[i].Text, actual[i].Text)
 			break
 		}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+// Copyright 2015 Light Code Labs, LLC
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )
@@ -37,36 +37,22 @@ import (
 // Environment variables in {$ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE} notation
 // will be replaced before parsing begins.
 func Parse(filename string, input []byte) ([]ServerBlock, error) {
-	// unfortunately, we must copy the input because parsing must
+	tokens, err := allTokens(filename, input)
 	// remain a read-only operation, but we have to expand environment
 	// variables before we parse, which changes the underlying array (#4422)
 	inputCopy := make([]byte, len(input))
 	copy(inputCopy, input)
 	tokens, err := allTokens(filename, inputCopy)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	p := parser{
 		Dispenser: NewDispenser(tokens),
 		importGraph: importGraph{
-			nodes: make(map[string]struct{}),
+			nodes: make(map[string]bool),
 			edges: make(adjacency),
 		},
 	}
 	return p.parseAll()
 }
 // allTokens lexes the entire input, but does not parse it.
 // It returns all the tokens from the input, unstructured
 // and in order. It may mutate input as it expands env vars.
 func allTokens(filename string, input []byte) ([]Token, error) {
 	return Tokenize(replaceEnvVars(input), filename)
 }
 // replaceEnvVars replaces all occurrences of environment variables.
-// It mutates the underlying array and returns the updated slice.
+func replaceEnvVars(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 func replaceEnvVars(input []byte) []byte {
 	var offset int
 	for {
 		begin := bytes.Index(input[offset:], spanOpen)
@@ -107,7 +93,22 @@ func replaceEnvVars(input []byte) []byte {
 		// continue at the end of the replacement
 		offset = begin + len(envVarBytes)
 	}
-	return input
+	return input, nil
 }
 // allTokens lexes the entire input, but does not parse it.
 // It returns all the tokens from the input, unstructured
 // and in order.
 func allTokens(filename string, input []byte) ([]Token, error) {
 	input, err := replaceEnvVars(input)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	tokens, err := Tokenize(input, filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return tokens, nil
 }
 type parser struct {
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@ func (p *parser) begin() error {
 	}
 	err := p.addresses()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -159,25 +161,6 @@ func (p *parser) begin() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if ok, name := p.isNamedRoute(); ok {
 		// we just need a dummy leading token to ease parsing later
 		nameToken := p.Token()
 		nameToken.Text = name
 		// named routes only have one key, the route name
 		p.block.Keys = []Token{nameToken}
 		p.block.IsNamedRoute = true
 		// get all the tokens from the block, including the braces
 		tokens, err := p.blockTokens(true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		tokens = append([]Token{nameToken}, tokens...)
 		p.block.Segments = []Segment{tokens}
 		return nil
 	}
 	if ok, name := p.isSnippet(); ok {
 		if p.definedSnippets == nil {
 			p.definedSnippets = map[string][]Token{}
@@ -186,15 +169,16 @@ func (p *parser) begin() error {
 			return p.Errf("redeclaration of previously declared snippet %s", name)
 		}
 		// consume all tokens til matched close brace
-		tokens, err := p.blockTokens(false)
+		tokens, err := p.snippetTokens()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// Just as we need to track which file the token comes from, we need to
-		// keep track of which snippet the token comes from. This is helpful
+		// keep track of which snippets do the tokens come from. This is helpful
-		// in tracking import cycles across files/snippets by namespacing them.
+		// in tracking import cycles across files/snippets by namespacing them. Without
-		// Without this, we end up with false-positives in cycle-detection.
+		// this we end up with false-positives in cycle-detection.
 		for k, v := range tokens {
 			v.inSnippet = true
 			v.snippetName = name
 			tokens[k] = v
 		}
@@ -211,17 +195,11 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 	var expectingAnother bool
 	for {
-		value := p.Val()
+		tkn := p.Val()
 		token := p.Token()
-		// Reject request matchers if trying to define them globally
+		// special case: import directive replaces tokens during parse-time
-		if strings.HasPrefix(value, "@") {
+		if tkn == "import" && p.isNewLine() {
-			return p.Errf("request matchers may not be defined globally, they must be in a site block; found %s", value)
+			err := p.doImport()
 		}
 		// Special case: import directive replaces tokens during parse-time
 		if value == "import" && p.isNewLine() {
 			err := p.doImport(0)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -229,9 +207,9 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 		}
 		// Open brace definitely indicates end of addresses
-		if value == "{" {
+		if tkn == "{" {
 			if expectingAnother {
-				return p.Errf("Expected another address but had '%s' - check for extra comma", value)
+				return p.Errf("Expected another address but had '%s' - check for extra comma", tkn)
 			}
 			// Mark this server block as being defined with braces.
 			// This is used to provide a better error message when
@@ -243,15 +221,15 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 		}
 		// Users commonly forget to place a space between the address and the '{'
-		if strings.HasSuffix(value, "{") {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(tkn, "{") {
-			return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot end with a curly brace: '%s' - put a space between the token and the brace", value)
+			return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot end with a curly brace: '%s' - put a space between the token and the brace", tkn)
 		}
-		if value != "" { // empty token possible if user typed ""
+		if tkn != "" { // empty token possible if user typed ""
 			// Trailing comma indicates another address will follow, which
 			// may possibly be on the next line
-			if value[len(value)-1] == ',' {
+			if tkn[len(tkn)-1] == ',' {
-				value = value[:len(value)-1]
+				tkn = tkn[:len(tkn)-1]
 				expectingAnother = true
 			} else {
 				expectingAnother = false // but we may still see another one on this line
@@ -260,17 +238,11 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 			// If there's a comma here, it's probably because they didn't use a space
 			// between their two domains, e.g. "foo.com,bar.com", which would not be
 			// parsed as two separate site addresses.
-			if strings.Contains(value, ",") {
+			if strings.Contains(tkn, ",") {
-				return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot contain a comma ',': '%s' - put a space after the comma to separate site addresses", value)
+				return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot contain a comma ',': '%s' - put a space after the comma to separate site addresses", tkn)
 			}
-			// After the above, a comma surrounded by spaces would result
+			p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, tkn)
 			// in an empty token which we should ignore
 			if value != "" {
 				// Add the token as a site address
 				token.Text = value
 				p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, token)
 			}
 		}
 		// Advance token and possibly break out of loop or return error
@@ -327,7 +299,7 @@ func (p *parser) directives() error {
 		// special case: import directive replaces tokens during parse-time
 		if p.Val() == "import" {
-			err := p.doImport(1)
+			err := p.doImport()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -353,7 +325,7 @@ func (p *parser) directives() error {
 // is on the token before where the import directive was. In
 // other words, call Next() to access the first token that was
 // imported.
-func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
+func (p *parser) doImport() error {
 	// syntax checks
 	if !p.NextArg() {
 		return p.ArgErr()
@@ -366,43 +338,15 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 	// grab remaining args as placeholder replacements
 	args := p.RemainingArgs()
-	// set up a replacer for non-variadic args replacement
+	// add args to the replacer
-	repl := makeArgsReplacer(args)
+	repl := caddy.NewEmptyReplacer()
-
+	for index, arg := range args {
-	// grab all the tokens (if it exists) from within a block that follows the import
+		repl.Set("args."+strconv.Itoa(index), arg)
 	var blockTokens []Token
 	for currentNesting := p.Nesting(); p.NextBlock(currentNesting); {
 		blockTokens = append(blockTokens, p.Token())
 	}
 	// initialize with size 1
 	blockMapping := make(map[string][]Token, 1)
 	if len(blockTokens) > 0 {
 		// use such tokens to create a new dispenser, and then use it to parse each block
 		bd := NewDispenser(blockTokens)
 		// one iteration processes one sub-block inside the import
 		for bd.Next() {
 			currentMappingKey := bd.Val()
 			if currentMappingKey == "{" {
 				return p.Err("anonymous blocks are not supported")
 			}
 			// load up all arguments (if there even are any)
 			currentMappingTokens := bd.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
 			// load up the entire block
 			for mappingNesting := bd.Nesting(); bd.NextBlock(mappingNesting); {
 				currentMappingTokens = append(currentMappingTokens, bd.Token())
 			}
 			blockMapping[currentMappingKey] = currentMappingTokens
 		}
 	}
 	// splice out the import directive and its arguments
 	// (2 tokens, plus the length of args)
-	tokensBefore := p.tokens[:p.cursor-1-len(args)-len(blockTokens)]
+	tokensBefore := p.tokens[:p.cursor-1-len(args)]
 	tokensAfter := p.tokens[p.cursor+1:]
 	var importedTokens []Token
 	var nodes []string
@@ -418,7 +362,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 		// make path relative to the file of the _token_ being processed rather
 		// than current working directory (issue #867) and then use glob to get
 		// list of matching filenames
-		absFile, err := caddy.FastAbs(p.Dispenser.File())
+		absFile, err := filepath.Abs(p.Dispenser.File())
 		if err != nil {
 			return p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", p.Dispenser.File(), err)
 		}
@@ -436,29 +380,16 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 			return p.Errf("Glob pattern may only contain one wildcard (*), but has others: %s", globPattern)
 		}
 		matches, err = filepath.Glob(globPattern)
 		if err != nil {
 			return p.Errf("Failed to use import pattern %s: %v", importPattern, err)
 		}
 		if len(matches) == 0 {
 			if strings.ContainsAny(globPattern, "*?[]") {
-				caddy.Log().Warn("No files matching import glob pattern", zap.String("pattern", importPattern))
+				log.Printf("[WARNING] No files matching import glob pattern: %s", importPattern)
 			} else {
 				return p.Errf("File to import not found: %s", importPattern)
 			}
 		} else {
 			// See issue #5295 - should skip any files that start with a . when iterating over them.
 			sep := string(filepath.Separator)
 			segGlobPattern := strings.Split(globPattern, sep)
 			if strings.HasPrefix(segGlobPattern[len(segGlobPattern)-1], "*") {
 				var tmpMatches []string
 				for _, m := range matches {
 					seg := strings.Split(m, sep)
 					if !strings.HasPrefix(seg[len(seg)-1], ".") {
 						tmpMatches = append(tmpMatches, m)
 					}
 				}
 				matches = tmpMatches
 			}
 		}
 		// collect all the imported tokens
@@ -473,7 +404,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 	}
 	nodeName := p.File()
-	if p.Token().snippetName != "" {
+	if p.Token().inSnippet {
 		nodeName += fmt.Sprintf(":%s", p.Token().snippetName)
 	}
 	p.importGraph.addNode(nodeName)
@@ -484,97 +415,19 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 	}
 	// copy the tokens so we don't overwrite p.definedSnippets
-	tokensCopy := make([]Token, 0, len(importedTokens))
+	tokensCopy := make([]Token, len(importedTokens))
-
+	copy(tokensCopy, importedTokens)
 	var (
 		maybeSnippet   bool
 		maybeSnippetId bool
 		index          int
 	)
 	// run the argument replacer on the tokens
-	// golang for range slice return a copy of value
+	for index, token := range tokensCopy {
 	// similarly, append also copy value
 	for i, token := range importedTokens {
 		// update the token's imports to refer to import directive filename, line number and snippet name if there is one
 		if token.snippetName != "" {
 			token.imports = append(token.imports, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d (import %s)", p.File(), p.Line(), token.snippetName))
 		} else {
 			token.imports = append(token.imports, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d (import)", p.File(), p.Line()))
 		}
 		// naive way of determine snippets, as snippets definition can only follow name + block
 		// format, won't check for nesting correctness or any other error, that's what parser does.
 		if !maybeSnippet && nesting == 0 {
 			// first of the line
 			if i == 0 || isNextOnNewLine(tokensCopy[len(tokensCopy)-1], token) {
 				index = 0
 			} else {
 				index++
 			}
 			if index == 0 && len(token.Text) >= 3 && strings.HasPrefix(token.Text, "(") && strings.HasSuffix(token.Text, ")") {
 				maybeSnippetId = true
 			}
 		}
 		switch token.Text {
 		case "{":
 			nesting++
 			if index == 1 && maybeSnippetId && nesting == 1 {
 				maybeSnippet = true
 				maybeSnippetId = false
 			}
 		case "}":
 			nesting--
 			if nesting == 0 && maybeSnippet {
 				maybeSnippet = false
 			}
 		}
 		// if it is {block}, we substitute with all tokens in the block
 		// if it is {blocks.*}, we substitute with the tokens in the mapping for the *
 		var tokensToAdd []Token
 		foundBlockDirective := false
 		switch {
 		case token.Text == "{block}":
 			foundBlockDirective = true
 			tokensToAdd = blockTokens
 		case strings.HasPrefix(token.Text, "{blocks.") && strings.HasSuffix(token.Text, "}"):
 			foundBlockDirective = true
 			// {blocks.foo.bar} will be extracted to key `foo.bar`
 			blockKey := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSuffix(token.Text, "}"), "{blocks.")
 			val, ok := blockMapping[blockKey]
 			if ok {
 				tokensToAdd = val
 			}
 		}
 		if foundBlockDirective {
 			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, tokensToAdd...)
 			continue
 		}
 		if maybeSnippet {
 			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
 			continue
 		}
 		foundVariadic, startIndex, endIndex := parseVariadic(token, len(args))
 		if foundVariadic {
 			for _, arg := range args[startIndex:endIndex] {
 				token.Text = arg
 				tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
 			}
 		} else {
 		token.Text = repl.ReplaceKnown(token.Text, "")
-			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
+		tokensCopy[index] = token
 		}
 	}
 	// splice the imported tokens in the place of the import statement
 	// and rewind cursor so Next() will land on first imported token
 	p.tokens = append(tokensBefore, append(tokensCopy, tokensAfter...)...)
-	p.cursor -= len(args) + len(blockTokens) + 1
+	p.cursor -= len(args) + 1
 	return nil
 }
@@ -594,17 +447,11 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Could not import %s: is a directory", importFile)
 	}
-	input, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	input, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Could not read imported file %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}
 	// only warning in case of empty files
 	if len(input) == 0 || len(strings.TrimSpace(string(input))) == 0 {
 		caddy.Log().Warn("Import file is empty", zap.String("file", importFile))
 		return []Token{}, nil
 	}
 	importedTokens, err := allTokens(importFile, input)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Could not read tokens while importing %s: %v", importFile, err)
@@ -612,11 +459,11 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 	// Tack the file path onto these tokens so errors show the imported file's name
 	// (we use full, absolute path to avoid bugs: issue #1892)
-	filename, err := caddy.FastAbs(importFile)
+	filename, err := filepath.Abs(importFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}
-	for i := range importedTokens {
+	for i := 0; i < len(importedTokens); i++ {
 		importedTokens[i].File = filename
 	}
@@ -630,6 +477,7 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 // are loaded into the current server block for later use
 // by directive setup functions.
 func (p *parser) directive() error {
 	// a segment is a list of tokens associated with this directive
 	var segment Segment
@@ -639,16 +487,6 @@ func (p *parser) directive() error {
 	for p.Next() {
 		if p.Val() == "{" {
 			p.nesting++
 			if !p.isNextOnNewLine() && p.Token().wasQuoted == 0 {
 				return p.Err("Unexpected next token after '{' on same line")
 			}
 			if p.isNewLine() {
 				return p.Err("Unexpected '{' on a new line; did you mean to place the '{' on the previous line?")
 			}
 		} else if p.Val() == "{}" {
 			if p.isNextOnNewLine() && p.Token().wasQuoted == 0 {
 				return p.Err("Unexpected '{}' at end of line")
 			}
 		} else if p.isNewLine() && p.nesting == 0 {
 			p.cursor-- // read too far
 			break
@@ -657,7 +495,7 @@ func (p *parser) directive() error {
 		} else if p.Val() == "}" && p.nesting == 0 {
 			return p.Err("Unexpected '}' because no matching opening brace")
 		} else if p.Val() == "import" && p.isNewLine() {
-			if err := p.doImport(1); err != nil {
+			if err := p.doImport(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			p.cursor-- // cursor is advanced when we continue, so roll back one more
@@ -698,43 +536,28 @@ func (p *parser) closeCurlyBrace() error {
 	return nil
 }
 func (p *parser) isNamedRoute() (bool, string) {
 	keys := p.block.Keys
 	// A named route block is a single key with parens, prefixed with &.
 	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0].Text, "&(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0].Text, ")") {
 		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0].Text[2:], ")")
 	}
 	return false, ""
 }
 func (p *parser) isSnippet() (bool, string) {
 	keys := p.block.Keys
 	// A snippet block is a single key with parens. Nothing else qualifies.
-	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0].Text, "(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0].Text, ")") {
+	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0], "(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0], ")") {
-		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0].Text[1:], ")")
+		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0][1:], ")")
 	}
 	return false, ""
 }
 // read and store everything in a block for later replay.
-func (p *parser) blockTokens(retainCurlies bool) ([]Token, error) {
+func (p *parser) snippetTokens() ([]Token, error) {
-	// block must have curlies.
+	// snippet must have curlies.
 	err := p.openCurlyBrace()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	nesting := 1 // count our own nesting
+	nesting := 1 // count our own nesting in snippets
 	tokens := []Token{}
 	if retainCurlies {
 		tokens = append(tokens, p.Token())
 	}
 	for p.Next() {
 		if p.Val() == "}" {
 			nesting--
 			if nesting == 0 {
 				if retainCurlies {
 					tokens = append(tokens, p.Token())
 				}
 				break
 			}
 		}
@@ -755,17 +578,8 @@ func (p *parser) blockTokens(retainCurlies bool) ([]Token, error) {
 // grouped by segments.
 type ServerBlock struct {
 	HasBraces bool
-	Keys         []Token
+	Keys      []string
 	Segments  []Segment
 	IsNamedRoute bool
 }
 func (sb ServerBlock) GetKeysText() []string {
 	res := make([]string, 0, len(sb.Keys))
 	for _, k := range sb.Keys {
 		res = append(res, k.Text)
 	}
 	return res
 }
 // DispenseDirective returns a dispenser that contains
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+// Copyright 2015 Light Code Labs, LLC
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,102 +16,17 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 func TestParseVariadic(t *testing.T) {
 	args := make([]string, 10)
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		input  string
 		result bool
 	}{
 		{
 			input:  "",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[1",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "1]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[:]}aaaaa",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "aaaaa{args[:]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args.}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args.1}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[:]}",
 			result: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[:]}",
 			result: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[0:]}",
 			result: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[:0]}",
 			result: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[-1:]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[:11]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[10:0]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[0:10]}",
 			result: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "{args[0]}:{args[1]}:{args[2]}",
 			result: false,
 		},
 	} {
 		token := Token{
 			File: "test",
 			Line: 1,
 			Text: tc.input,
 		}
 		if v, _, _ := parseVariadic(token, len(args)); v != tc.result {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d error expectation failed Expected: %t, got %t", i, tc.result, v)
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestAllTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	input := []byte("a b c\nd e")
 	expected := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}
 	tokens, err := allTokens("TestAllTokens", input)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -149,8 +64,7 @@ func TestParseOneAndImport(t *testing.T) {
 			"localhost",
 		}, []int{1}},
-		{
+		{`localhost:1234
 			`localhost:1234
 		  dir1 foo bar`, false, []string{
 			"localhost:1234",
 		}, []int{3},
@@ -274,49 +188,10 @@ func TestParseOneAndImport(t *testing.T) {
 		{`import testdata/not_found.txt`, true, []string{}, []int{}},
 		// empty file should just log a warning, and result in no tokens
 		{`import testdata/empty.txt`, false, []string{}, []int{}},
 		{`import testdata/only_white_space.txt`, false, []string{}, []int{}},
 		// import path/to/dir/* should skip any files that start with a . when iterating over them.
 		{`localhost
 		  dir1 arg1
 		  import testdata/glob/*`, false, []string{
 			"localhost",
 		}, []int{2, 3, 1}},
 		// import path/to/dir/.* should continue to read all dotfiles in a dir.
 		{`import testdata/glob/.*`, false, []string{
 			"host1",
 		}, []int{1, 2}},
 		{`""`, false, []string{}, []int{}},
 		{``, false, []string{}, []int{}},
 		// Unexpected next token after '{' on same line
 		{`localhost
 		  dir1 { a b }`, true, []string{"localhost"}, []int{}},
 		// Unexpected '{' on a new line
 		{`localhost
 		dir1
 		{
 			a b
 		}`, true, []string{"localhost"}, []int{}},
 		// Workaround with quotes
 		{`localhost
 		  dir1 "{" a b "}"`, false, []string{"localhost"}, []int{5}},
 		// Unexpected '{}' at end of line
 		{`localhost
 		  dir1 {}`, true, []string{"localhost"}, []int{}},
 		// Workaround with quotes
 		{`localhost
 		  dir1 "{}"`, false, []string{"localhost"}, []int{2}},
 		// import with args
 		{`import testdata/import_args0.txt a`, false, []string{"a"}, []int{}},
 		{`import testdata/import_args1.txt a b`, false, []string{"a", "b"}, []int{}},
@@ -348,7 +223,7 @@ func TestParseOneAndImport(t *testing.T) {
 				i, len(test.keys), len(result.Keys))
 			continue
 		}
-		for j, addr := range result.GetKeysText() {
+		for j, addr := range result.Keys {
 			if addr != test.keys[j] {
 				t.Errorf("Test %d, key %d: Expected '%s', but was '%s'",
 					i, j, test.keys[j], addr)
@@ -380,9 +255,8 @@ func TestRecursiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	isExpected := func(got ServerBlock) bool {
-		textKeys := got.GetKeysText()
+		if len(got.Keys) != 1 || got.Keys[0] != "localhost" {
-		if len(textKeys) != 1 || textKeys[0] != "localhost" {
+			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", got.Keys)
 			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", textKeys)
 			return false
 		}
 		if len(got.Segments) != 2 {
@@ -406,16 +280,16 @@ func TestRecursiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// test relative recursive import
-	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile1, []byte(
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(recursiveFile1, []byte(
 		`localhost
 		dir1
-		import recursive_import_test2`), 0o644)
+		import recursive_import_test2`), 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer os.Remove(recursiveFile1)
-	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile2, []byte("dir2 1"), 0o644)
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(recursiveFile2, []byte("dir2 1"), 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -440,10 +314,10 @@ func TestRecursiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// test absolute recursive import
-	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile1, []byte(
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(recursiveFile1, []byte(
 		`localhost
 		dir1
-		import `+recursiveFile2), 0o644)
+		import `+recursiveFile2), 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -476,9 +350,8 @@ func TestDirectiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	isExpected := func(got ServerBlock) bool {
-		textKeys := got.GetKeysText()
+		if len(got.Keys) != 1 || got.Keys[0] != "localhost" {
-		if len(textKeys) != 1 || textKeys[0] != "localhost" {
+			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", got.Keys)
 			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", textKeys)
 			return false
 		}
 		if len(got.Segments) != 2 {
@@ -497,8 +370,8 @@ func TestDirectiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	err = os.WriteFile(directiveFile, []byte(`prop1 1
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(directiveFile, []byte(`prop1 1
-	prop2 2`), 0o644)
+	prop2 2`), 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -556,10 +429,6 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 			{"localhost:1234", "http://host2"},
 		}},
 		{`foo.example.com   ,   example.com`, false, [][]string{
 			{"foo.example.com", "example.com"},
 		}},
 		{`localhost:1234, http://host2,`, true, [][]string{}},
 		{`http://host1.com, http://host2.com {
@@ -619,11 +488,11 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		for j, block := range blocks {
 			if len(block.Keys) != len(test.keys[j]) {
-				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d: %v",
+				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d",
-					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys), block.Keys)
+					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys))
 				continue
 			}
-			for k, addr := range block.GetKeysText() {
+			for k, addr := range block.Keys {
 				if addr != test.keys[j][k] {
 					t.Errorf("Test %d, block %d, key %d: Expected '%s', but got '%s'",
 						i, j, k, test.keys[j][k], addr)
@@ -722,43 +591,16 @@ func TestEnvironmentReplacement(t *testing.T) {
 			expect: "}{$",
 		},
 	} {
-		actual := replaceEnvVars([]byte(test.input))
+		actual, err := replaceEnvVars([]byte(test.input))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		if !bytes.Equal(actual, []byte(test.expect)) {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected: '%s' but got '%s'", i, test.expect, actual)
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestImportReplacementInJSONWithBrace(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, test := range []struct {
 		args   []string
 		input  string
 		expect string
 	}{
 		{
 			args:   []string{"123"},
 			input:  "{args[0]}",
 			expect: "123",
 		},
 		{
 			args:   []string{"123"},
 			input:  `{"key":"{args[0]}"}`,
 			expect: `{"key":"123"}`,
 		},
 		{
 			args:   []string{"123", "123"},
 			input:  `{"key":[{args[0]},{args[1]}]}`,
 			expect: `{"key":[123,123]}`,
 		},
 	} {
 		repl := makeArgsReplacer(test.args)
 		actual := repl.ReplaceKnown(test.input, "")
 		if actual != test.expect {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected: '%s' but got '%s'", i, test.expect, actual)
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestSnippets(t *testing.T) {
 	p := testParser(`
 		(common) {
@@ -776,7 +618,7 @@ func TestSnippets(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(blocks) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expect exactly one server block. Got %d.", len(blocks))
 	}
-	if actual, expected := blocks[0].GetKeysText()[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
+	if actual, expected := blocks[0].Keys[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
 		t.Errorf("Expected server name to be '%s' but was '%s'", expected, actual)
 	}
 	if len(blocks[0].Segments) != 2 {
@@ -791,7 +633,7 @@ func TestSnippets(t *testing.T) {
 }
 func writeStringToTempFileOrDie(t *testing.T, str string) (pathToFile string) {
-	file, err := os.CreateTemp("", t.Name())
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", t.Name())
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err) // get a stack trace so we know where this was called from.
 	}
@@ -808,7 +650,7 @@ func TestImportedFilesIgnoreNonDirectiveImportTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	fileName := writeStringToTempFileOrDie(t, `
 		http://example.com {
 			# This isn't an import directive, it's just an arg with value 'import'
-			basic_auth / import password
+			basicauth / import password
 		}
 	`)
 	// Parse the root file that imports the other one.
@@ -819,12 +661,12 @@ func TestImportedFilesIgnoreNonDirectiveImportTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	auth := blocks[0].Segments[0]
 	line := auth[0].Text + " " + auth[1].Text + " " + auth[2].Text + " " + auth[3].Text
-	if line != "basic_auth / import password" {
+	if line != "basicauth / import password" {
 		// Previously, it would be changed to:
-		//   basic_auth / import /path/to/test/dir/password
+		//   basicauth / import /path/to/test/dir/password
 		// referencing a file that (probably) doesn't exist and changing the
 		// password!
-		t.Errorf("Expected basic_auth tokens to be 'basic_auth / import password' but got %#q", line)
+		t.Errorf("Expected basicauth tokens to be 'basicauth / import password' but got %#q", line)
 	}
 }
@@ -851,7 +693,7 @@ func TestSnippetAcrossMultipleFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(blocks) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expect exactly one server block. Got %d.", len(blocks))
 	}
-	if actual, expected := blocks[0].GetKeysText()[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
+	if actual, expected := blocks[0].Keys[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
 		t.Errorf("Expected server name to be '%s' but was '%s'", expected, actual)
 	}
 	if len(blocks[0].Segments) != 1 {
@@ -862,74 +704,6 @@ func TestSnippetAcrossMultipleFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 func TestRejectsGlobalMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 	p := testParser(`
 		@rejected path /foo
 		(common) {
 			gzip foo
 			errors stderr
 		}
 		http://example.com {
 			import common
 		}
 	`)
 	_, err := p.parseAll()
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("Expected an error, but got nil")
 	}
 	expected := "request matchers may not be defined globally, they must be in a site block; found @rejected, at Testfile:2"
 	if err.Error() != expected {
 		t.Errorf("Expected error to be '%s' but got '%v'", expected, err)
 	}
 }
 func TestRejectAnonymousImportBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	p := testParser(`
 		(site) {
 			http://{args[0]} https://{args[0]} {
 				{block}
 			}
 		}
 		import site test.domain {
 			{ 
 				header_up Host {host}
 				header_up X-Real-IP {remote_host}
 			}
 		}
 	`)
 	_, err := p.parseAll()
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("Expected an error, but got nil")
 	}
 	expected := "anonymous blocks are not supported"
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "anonymous blocks are not supported") {
 		t.Errorf("Expected error to start with '%s' but got '%v'", expected, err)
 	}
 }
 func TestAcceptSiteImportWithBraces(t *testing.T) {
 	p := testParser(`
 		(site) {
 			http://{args[0]} https://{args[0]} {
 				{block}
 			}
 		}
 		import site test.domain {
 			reverse_proxy http://192.168.1.1:8080 { 
 				header_up Host {host}
 			}
 		}
 	`)
 	_, err := p.parseAll()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Expected error to be nil but got '%v'", err)
 	}
 }
 func testParser(input string) parser {
 	return parser{Dispenser: NewTestDispenser(input)}
 }
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 host1 {
 	dir1
 	dir2 arg1
 }
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
 dir2 arg1 arg2
 dir3
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{args[0]}
+{args.0}
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{args[0]} {args[1]}
+{args.0} {args.1}
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 // Adapter is a type which can adapt a configuration to Caddy JSON.
 // It returns the results and any warnings, or an error.
 type Adapter interface {
-	Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []Warning, error)
+	Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, []Warning, error)
 }
 // Warning represents a warning or notice related to conversion.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func (w Warning) String() string {
 // are converted to warnings. This is convenient when filling config
 // structs that require a json.RawMessage, without having to worry
 // about errors.
-func JSON(val any, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
+func JSON(val interface{}, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
 	b, err := json.Marshal(val)
 	if err != nil {
 		if warnings != nil {
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ func JSON(val any, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
 // for encoding module values where the module name has to be described within
 // the object by a certain key; for example, `"handler": "file_server"` for a
 // file server HTTP handler (fieldName="handler" and fieldVal="file_server").
-// The val parameter must encode into a map[string]any (i.e. it must be
+// The val parameter must encode into a map[string]interface{} (i.e. it must be
 // a struct or map). Any errors are converted into warnings.
-func JSONModuleObject(val any, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
+func JSONModuleObject(val interface{}, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
 	// encode to a JSON object first
 	enc, err := json.Marshal(val)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -77,15 +77,11 @@ func JSONModuleObject(val any, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]Warning)
 	}
 	// then decode the object
-	var tmp map[string]any
+	var tmp map[string]interface{}
 	err = json.Unmarshal(enc, &tmp)
 	if err != nil {
 		if warnings != nil {
-			message := err.Error()
+			*warnings = append(*warnings, Warning{Message: err.Error()})
 			if jsonErr, ok := err.(*json.SyntaxError); ok {
 				message = fmt.Sprintf("%v, at offset %d", jsonErr.Error(), jsonErr.Offset)
 			}
 			*warnings = append(*warnings, Warning{Message: message})
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -17,21 +17,19 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 )
-// mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
+// mapAddressToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
 // blocks that will be served on that address. To do this, each server block is
 // expanded so that each one is considered individually, although keys of a
 // server block that share the same address stay grouped together so the config
@@ -77,15 +75,9 @@ import (
 // repetition may be undesirable, so call consolidateAddrMappings() to map
 // multiple addresses to the same lists of server blocks (a many:many mapping).
 // (Doing this is essentially a map-reduce technique.)
-func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
+func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
-	options map[string]any,
+	options map[string]interface{}) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
-) (map[string]map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
+	sbmap := make(map[string][]serverBlock)
 	addrToProtocolToServerBlocks := map[string]map[string][]serverBlock{}
 	type keyWithParsedKey struct {
 		key       caddyfile.Token
 		parsedKey Address
 	}
 	for i, sblock := range originalServerBlocks {
 		// within a server block, we need to map all the listener addresses
@@ -93,193 +85,102 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []
 		// will be served by them; this has the effect of treating each
 		// key of a server block as its own, but without having to repeat its
 		// contents in cases where multiple keys really can be served together
-		addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := map[string]map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
+		addrToKeys := make(map[string][]string)
 		for j, key := range sblock.block.Keys {
 			parsedKey, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
 			}
 			parsedKey = parsedKey.Normalize()
 			// a key can have multiple listener addresses if there are multiple
 			// arguments to the 'bind' directive (although they will all have
 			// the same port, since the port is defined by the key or is implicit
 			// through automatic HTTPS)
-			listeners, err := st.listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock, parsedKey, options)
+			addrs, err := st.listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock, key, options)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key.Text, err)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key, err)
 			}
-			// associate this key with its protocols and each listener address served with them
+			// associate this key with each listener address it is served on
-			kwpk := keyWithParsedKey{key, parsedKey}
+			for _, addr := range addrs {
-			for addr, protocols := range listeners {
+				addrToKeys[addr] = append(addrToKeys[addr], key)
 				protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys, ok := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
 				if !ok {
 					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys = map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
 					addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr] = protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys
 				}
 				// an empty protocol indicates the default, a nil or empty value in the ListenProtocols array
 				if len(protocols) == 0 {
 					protocols[""] = struct{}{}
 				}
 				for prot := range protocols {
 					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot] = append(
 						protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot],
 						kwpk)
 			}
 		}
 		}
 		// make a slice of the map keys so we can iterate in sorted order
 		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
 		for addr := range addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
 			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(addrs)
 		// now that we know which addresses serve which keys of this
 		// server block, we iterate that mapping and create a list of
 		// new server blocks for each address where the keys of the
 		// server block are only the ones which use the address; but
 		// the contents (tokens) are of course the same
-		for _, addr := range addrs {
+		for addr, keys := range addrToKeys {
-			protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
+			// parse keys so that we only have to do it once
-
+			parsedKeys := make([]Address, 0, len(keys))
-			prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
+			for _, key := range keys {
-			for prot := range protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
+				addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
-				prots = append(prots, prot)
+				if err != nil {
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key '%s': %v", key, err)
 				}
-			sort.Strings(prots)
+				parsedKeys = append(parsedKeys, addr.Normalize())
 			protocolToServerBlocks, ok := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
 			if !ok {
 				protocolToServerBlocks = map[string][]serverBlock{}
 				addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr] = protocolToServerBlocks
 			}
-
+			sbmap[addr] = append(sbmap[addr], serverBlock{
 			for _, prot := range prots {
 				keyWithParsedKeys := protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot]
 				keys := make([]caddyfile.Token, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
 				parsedKeys := make([]Address, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
 				for k, keyWithParsedKey := range keyWithParsedKeys {
 					keys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.key
 					parsedKeys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.parsedKey
 				}
 				protocolToServerBlocks[prot] = append(protocolToServerBlocks[prot], serverBlock{
 				block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
 					Keys:     keys,
 					Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
 				},
 				pile: sblock.pile,
-					parsedKeys: parsedKeys,
+				keys: parsedKeys,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	}
-	return addrToProtocolToServerBlocks, nil
+	return sbmap, nil
 }
 // consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
-// single listener addresses to protocols to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses
+// single listener addresses to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses may serve
-// may serve multiple protocols to identical sites (server block contents), this function turns
+// identical sites (server block contents), this function turns a 1:many mapping into a
-// a 1:many mapping into a many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be
+// many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be exactly identical so that
-// exactly identical so that reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined.
+// reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined. Identical
-// Identical entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
+// entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
 // association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
 // the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
-func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks map[string]map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
+func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToServerBlocks map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
-	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
+	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToServerBlocks))
-
+	for addr, sblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
-	addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
+		// we start with knowing that at least this address
-	for addr := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
+		// maps to these server blocks
-		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
+		a := sbAddrAssociation{
 			addresses:    []string{addr},
 			serverBlocks: sblocks,
 		}
 	sort.Strings(addrs)
 	for _, addr := range addrs {
 		protocolToServerBlocks := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
 		prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToServerBlocks))
 		for prot := range protocolToServerBlocks {
 			prots = append(prots, prot)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(prots)
 		for _, prot := range prots {
 			serverBlocks := protocolToServerBlocks[prot]
 		// now find other addresses that map to identical
-			// server blocks and add them to our map of listener
+		// server blocks and add them to our list of
-			// addresses and protocols, while removing them from
+		// addresses, while removing them from the map
-			// the original map
+		for otherAddr, otherSblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
-			listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
+			if addr == otherAddr {
-
+				continue
 			for otherAddr, otherProtocolToServerBlocks := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
 				for otherProt, otherServerBlocks := range otherProtocolToServerBlocks {
 					if addr == otherAddr && prot == otherProt || reflect.DeepEqual(serverBlocks, otherServerBlocks) {
 						listener, ok := listeners[otherAddr]
 						if !ok {
 							listener = map[string]struct{}{}
 							listeners[otherAddr] = listener
 						}
 						listener[otherProt] = struct{}{}
 						delete(otherProtocolToServerBlocks, otherProt)
 			}
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(sblocks, otherSblocks) {
 				a.addresses = append(a.addresses, otherAddr)
 				delete(addrToServerBlocks, otherAddr)
 			}
 		}
-			addresses := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
+		sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, a)
 			for lnAddr := range listeners {
 				addresses = append(addresses, lnAddr)
 	}
 			sort.Strings(addresses)
-			addressesWithProtocols := make([]addressWithProtocols, 0, len(listeners))
+	// sort them by their first address (we know there will always be at least one)
-
+	// to avoid problems with non-deterministic ordering (makes tests flaky)
-			for _, lnAddr := range addresses {
+	sort.Slice(sbaddrs, func(i, j int) bool {
-				lnProts := listeners[lnAddr]
+		return sbaddrs[i].addresses[0] < sbaddrs[j].addresses[0]
 				prots := make([]string, 0, len(lnProts))
 				for prot := range lnProts {
 					prots = append(prots, prot)
 				}
 				sort.Strings(prots)
 				addressesWithProtocols = append(addressesWithProtocols, addressWithProtocols{
 					address:   lnAddr,
 					protocols: prots,
 	})
 			}
 			sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, sbAddrAssociation{
 				addressesWithProtocols: addressesWithProtocols,
 				serverBlocks:           serverBlocks,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 	return sbaddrs
 }
-// listenersForServerBlockAddress essentially converts the Caddyfile site addresses to a map from
+func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key string,
-// Caddy listener addresses and the protocols to serve them with to the parsed address for each server block.
+	options map[string]interface{}) ([]string, error) {
-func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Address,
+	addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
-	options map[string]any,
+	if err != nil {
-) (map[string]map[string]struct{}, error) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
 	switch addr.Scheme {
 	case "wss":
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the scheme wss:// is only supported in browsers; use https:// instead")
 	case "ws":
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the scheme ws:// is only supported in browsers; use http:// instead")
 	case "https", "http", "":
 		// Do nothing or handle the valid schemes
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported URL scheme %s://", addr.Scheme)
 	}
 	addr = addr.Normalize()
 	// figure out the HTTP and HTTPS ports; either
 	// use defaults, or override with user config
@@ -303,58 +204,36 @@ func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Ad
 	// error if scheme and port combination violate convention
 	if (addr.Scheme == "http" && lnPort == httpsPort) || (addr.Scheme == "https" && lnPort == httpPort) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", addr.String())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", key)
 	}
-	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), and the protocols to serve them with, but is optional
+	// the bind directive specifies hosts, but is optional
-	lnCfgVals := make([]addressesWithProtocols, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
+	lnHosts := make([]string, 0, len(sblock.pile))
 	for _, cfgVal := range sblock.pile["bind"] {
-		if val, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok {
+		lnHosts = append(lnHosts, cfgVal.Value.([]string)...)
 			lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, val)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(lnCfgVals) == 0 {
 		if defaultBindValues, ok := options["default_bind"].([]ConfigValue); ok {
 			for _, defaultBindValue := range defaultBindValues {
 				lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, defaultBindValue.Value.(addressesWithProtocols))
 			}
 		} else {
 			lnCfgVals = []addressesWithProtocols{{
 				addresses: []string{""},
 				protocols: nil,
 			}}
 	}
 	if len(lnHosts) == 0 {
 		lnHosts = []string{""}
 	}
 	// use a map to prevent duplication
-	listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
+	listeners := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, lnCfgVal := range lnCfgVals {
+	for _, host := range lnHosts {
-		for _, lnAddr := range lnCfgVal.addresses {
+		addr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(host)
-			lnNetw, lnHost, _, err := caddy.SplitNetworkAddress(lnAddr)
+		if err == nil && addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
-			if err != nil {
+			listeners[host] = struct{}{}
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("splitting listener address: %v", err)
+		} else {
-			}
+			listeners[net.JoinHostPort(host, lnPort)] = struct{}{}
 			networkAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(lnNetw, lnHost, lnPort))
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
 			}
 			if _, ok := listeners[addr.String()]; !ok {
 				listeners[networkAddr.String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
 			}
 			for _, protocol := range lnCfgVal.protocols {
 				listeners[networkAddr.String()][protocol] = struct{}{}
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return listeners, nil
+	// now turn map into list
-}
+	listenersList := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
 	for lnStr := range listeners {
 		listenersList = append(listenersList, lnStr)
 	}
-// addressesWithProtocols associates a list of listen addresses
+	return listenersList, nil
 // with a list of protocols to serve them with
 type addressesWithProtocols struct {
 	addresses []string
 	protocols []string
 }
 // Address represents a site address. It contains
@@ -457,11 +336,9 @@ func (a Address) Normalize() Address {
 	// ensure host is normalized if it's an IP address
 	host := strings.TrimSpace(a.Host)
-	if ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(host); err == nil {
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip != nil {
 		if ip.Is6() && !ip.Is4() && !ip.Is4In6() {
 		host = ip.String()
 	}
 	}
 	return Address{
 		Original: a.Original,
@@ -472,6 +349,28 @@ func (a Address) Normalize() Address {
 	}
 }
 // Key returns a string form of a, much like String() does, but this
 // method doesn't add anything default that wasn't in the original.
 func (a Address) Key() string {
 	res := ""
 	if a.Scheme != "" {
 		res += a.Scheme + "://"
 	}
 	if a.Host != "" {
 		res += a.Host
 	}
 	// insert port only if the original has its own explicit port
 	if a.Port != "" &&
 		len(a.Original) >= len(res) &&
 		strings.HasPrefix(a.Original[len(res):], ":"+a.Port) {
 		res += ":" + a.Port
 	}
 	if a.Path != "" {
 		res += a.Path
 	}
 	return res
 }
 // lowerExceptPlaceholders lowercases s except within
 // placeholders (substrings in non-escaped '{ }' spans).
 // See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/3264
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-//go:build gofuzz
+// +build gofuzz
 package httpcaddyfile
@@ -106,128 +106,67 @@ func TestAddressString(t *testing.T) {
 func TestKeyNormalization(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		input  string
-		expect Address
+		expect string
 	}{
 		{
 			input:  "example.com",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "example.com",
 				Host: "example.com",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "http://host:1234/path",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "http://host:1234/path",
 				Scheme: "http",
 				Host:   "host",
 				Port:   "1234",
 				Path:   "/path",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "HTTP://A/ABCDEF",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "http://a/ABCDEF",
 				Scheme: "http",
 				Host:   "a",
 				Path:   "/ABCDEF",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "A/ABCDEF",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "a/ABCDEF",
 				Host: "a",
 				Path: "/ABCDEF",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "A:2015/Path",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "a:2015/Path",
 				Host: "a",
 				Port: "2015",
 				Path: "/Path",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "sub.{env.MY_DOMAIN}",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "sub.{env.MY_DOMAIN}",
 				Host: "sub.{env.MY_DOMAIN}",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "sub.ExAmPle",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "sub.example",
 				Host: "sub.example",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "sub.\\{env.MY_DOMAIN\\}",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "sub.\\{env.my_domain\\}",
 				Host: "sub.\\{env.my_domain\\}",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "sub.{env.MY_DOMAIN}.com",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "sub.{env.MY_DOMAIN}.com",
 				Host: "sub.{env.MY_DOMAIN}.com",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  ":80",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: ":80",
 				Port: "80",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  ":443",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: ":443",
 				Port: "443",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  ":1234",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: ":1234",
 				Port: "1234",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "",
-			expect: Address{},
+			expect: "",
 		},
 		{
 			input:  ":",
-			expect: Address{},
+			expect: "",
 		},
 		{
 			input:  "[::]",
-			expect: Address{
+			expect: "::",
 				Host: "::",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: "127.0.0.1",
 			expect: Address{
 				Host: "127.0.0.1",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: "[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:1234",
 			expect: Address{
 				Host: "2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348",
 				Port: "1234",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			// IPv4 address in IPv6 form (#4381)
 			input: "[::ffff:cff4:e77d]:1234",
 			expect: Address{
 				Host: "::ffff:cff4:e77d",
 				Port: "1234",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: "::ffff:cff4:e77d",
 			expect: Address{
 				Host: "::ffff:cff4:e77d",
 			},
 		},
 	}
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
@@ -236,18 +175,9 @@ func TestKeyNormalization(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Parsing address '%s': %v", i, tc.input, err)
 			continue
 		}
-		actual := addr.Normalize()
+		if actual := addr.Normalize().Key(); actual != tc.expect {
-		if actual.Scheme != tc.expect.Scheme {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: Input '%s': Expected '%s' but got '%s'", i, tc.input, tc.expect, actual)
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Input '%s': Expected Scheme='%s' but got Scheme='%s'", i, tc.input, tc.expect.Scheme, actual.Scheme)
 		}
 		if actual.Host != tc.expect.Host {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Input '%s': Expected Host='%s' but got Host='%s'", i, tc.input, tc.expect.Host, actual.Host)
 		}
 		if actual.Port != tc.expect.Port {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Input '%s': Expected Port='%s' but got Port='%s'", i, tc.input, tc.expect.Port, actual.Port)
 		}
 		if actual.Path != tc.expect.Path {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Input '%s': Expected Path='%s' but got Path='%s'", i, tc.input, tc.expect.Path, actual.Path)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
@@ -25,12 +24,11 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				log {
 					core mock
 					output file foo.log
 				}
 			}
 			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"core":{"module":"mock"},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
@@ -39,7 +37,8 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 					format filter {
 						wrap console
 						fields {
-							request>remote_ip ip_mask {
+							common_log delete
 							request>remote_addr ip_mask {
 								ipv4 24
 								ipv6 32
 							}
@@ -48,33 +47,17 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"encoder":{"fields":{"request\u003eremote_ip":{"filter":"ip_mask","ipv4_cidr":24,"ipv6_cidr":32}},"format":"filter","wrap":{"format":"console"}},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"encoder":{"fields":{"common_log":{"filter":"delete"},"request\u003eremote_addr":{"filter":"ip_mask","ipv4_cidr":24,"ipv6_cidr":32}},"format":"filter","wrap":{"format":"console"}},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
-				log name-override {
+				log invalid {
 					core mock
 					output file foo.log
 				}
 			}
 			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.name-override"]},"name-override":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"core":{"module":"mock"},"include":["http.log.access.name-override"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"name-override"}}}}}}`,
+			expectError: true,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				log {
 					sampling {
 						interval 2
 						first 3
 						thereafter 4
 					}
 				}
 			}
 			`,
 			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"sampling":{"interval":2,"first":3,"thereafter":4},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 	} {
@@ -166,27 +149,6 @@ func TestRedirDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 			}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
 			// this is now allowed so a Location header
 			// can be written and consumed by JS
 			// in the case of XHR requests
 			input: `:8080 {
 				redir * :8081 401
 			}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				redir * :8081 402
 			}`,
 			expectError: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				redir * :8081 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code}
 			}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				redir /old.html /new.html htlm
@@ -199,6 +161,12 @@ func TestRedirDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 			}`,
 			expectError: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				redir * :8081 400
 			}`,
 			expectError: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				redir * :8081 temp
@@ -231,139 +199,3 @@ func TestRedirDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestImportErrorLine(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		input     string
 		errorFunc func(err error) bool
 	}{
 		{
 			input: `(t1) {
 					abort {args[:]}
 				}
 				:8080 {
 					import t1
 					import t1 true
 				}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Caddyfile:6 (import t1)")
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: `(t1) {
 					abort {args[:]}
 				}
 				:8080 {
 					import t1 true
 				}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Caddyfile:5 (import t1)")
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: `
 				import testdata/import_variadic_snippet.txt
 				:8080 {
 					import t1 true
 				}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err == nil
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: `
 				import testdata/import_variadic_with_import.txt
 				:8080 {
 					import t1 true
 					import t2 true
 				}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err == nil
 			},
 		},
 	} {
 		adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
 			ServerType: ServerType{},
 		}
 		_, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(tc.input), nil)
 		if !tc.errorFunc(err) {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d error expectation failed, got %s", i, err)
 			continue
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestNestedImport(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		input     string
 		errorFunc func(err error) bool
 	}{
 		{
 			input: `(t1) {
 						respond {args[0]} {args[1]}
 					}
 					(t2) {
 						import t1 {args[0]} 202
 					}
 					:8080 {
 						handle {
 							import t2 "foobar"
 						}
 					}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err == nil
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: `(t1) {
 						respond {args[:]}
 					}
 					(t2) {
 						import t1 {args[0]} {args[1]}
 					}
 					:8080 {
 						handle {
 							import t2 "foobar" 202
 						}
 					}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err == nil
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			input: `(t1) {
 						respond {args[0]} {args[1]}
 					}
 					(t2) {
 						import t1 {args[:]}
 					}
 					:8080 {
 						handle {
 							import t2 "foobar" 202
 						}
 					}`,
 			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
 				return err == nil
 			},
 		},
 	} {
 		adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
 			ServerType: ServerType{},
 		}
 		_, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(tc.input), nil)
 		if !tc.errorFunc(err) {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d error expectation failed, got %s", i, err)
 			continue
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -29,58 +27,37 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )
-// defaultDirectiveOrder specifies the default order
+// directiveOrder specifies the order
-// to apply directives in HTTP routes. This must only
+// to apply directives in HTTP routes.
 // consist of directives that are included in Caddy's
 // standard distribution.
 //
-// e.g. The 'root' directive goes near the start in
+// The root directive goes first in case rewrites or
-// case rewrites or redirects depend on existence of
+// redirects depend on existence of files, i.e. the
-// files, i.e. the file matcher, which must know the
+// file matcher, which must know the root first.
 // root first.
 //
-// e.g. The 'header' directive goes before 'redir' so
+// The header directive goes second so that headers
-// that headers can be manipulated before doing redirects.
+// can be manipulated before doing redirects.
-//
+var directiveOrder = []string{
 // e.g. The 'respond' directive is near the end because it
 // writes a response and terminates the middleware chain.
 var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 	"tracing",
 	// set variables that may be used by other directives
 	"map",
 	"vars",
 	"fs",
 	"root",
 	"log_append",
 	"skip_log", // TODO: deprecated, renamed to log_skip
 	"log_skip",
 	"log_name",
 	"header",
 	"copy_response_headers", // only in reverse_proxy's handle_response
 	"request_body",
 	"redir",
-	// incoming request manipulation
+	// URI manipulation
 	"method",
 	"rewrite",
 	"uri",
 	"try_files",
 	// middleware handlers; some wrap responses
-	"basicauth", // TODO: deprecated, renamed to basic_auth
+	"basicauth",
 	"basic_auth",
 	"forward_auth",
 	"request_header",
 	"encode",
 	"push",
 	"intercept",
 	"templates",
 	// special routing & dispatching directives
 	"invoke",
 	"handle",
 	"handle_path",
 	"route",
@@ -88,7 +65,6 @@ var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 	// handlers that typically respond to requests
 	"abort",
 	"error",
 	"copy_response", // only in reverse_proxy's handle_response
 	"respond",
 	"metrics",
 	"reverse_proxy",
@@ -97,10 +73,16 @@ var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 	"acme_server",
 }
-// directiveOrder specifies the order to apply directives
+// directiveIsOrdered returns true if dir is
-// in HTTP routes, after being modified by either the
+// a known, ordered (sorted) directive.
-// plugins or by the user via the "order" global option.
+func directiveIsOrdered(dir string) bool {
-var directiveOrder = defaultDirectiveOrder
+	for _, d := range directiveOrder {
 		if d == dir {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }
 // RegisterDirective registers a unique directive dir with an
 // associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When directive dir
@@ -137,55 +119,6 @@ func RegisterHandlerDirective(dir string, setupFunc UnmarshalHandlerFunc) {
 	})
 }
 // RegisterDirectiveOrder registers the default order for a
 // directive from a plugin.
 //
 // This is useful when a plugin has a well-understood place
 // it should run in the middleware pipeline, and it allows
 // users to avoid having to define the order themselves.
 //
 // The directive dir may be placed in the position relative
 // to ('before' or 'after') a directive included in Caddy's
 // standard distribution. It cannot be relative to another
 // plugin's directive.
 //
 // EXPERIMENTAL: This API may change or be removed.
 func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string) {
 	// check if directive was already ordered
 	if slices.Contains(directiveOrder, dir) {
 		panic("directive '" + dir + "' already ordered")
 	}
 	if position != Before && position != After {
 		panic("the 2nd argument must be either 'before' or 'after', got '" + position + "'")
 	}
 	// check if directive exists in standard distribution, since
 	// we can't allow plugins to depend on one another; we can't
 	// guarantee the order that plugins are loaded in.
 	foundStandardDir := slices.Contains(defaultDirectiveOrder, standardDir)
 	if !foundStandardDir {
 		panic("the 3rd argument '" + standardDir + "' must be a directive that exists in the standard distribution of Caddy")
 	}
 	// insert directive into proper position
 	newOrder := directiveOrder
 	for i, d := range newOrder {
 		if d != standardDir {
 			continue
 		}
 		switch position {
 		case Before:
 			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dir}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
 		case After:
 			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dir}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
 		case First, Last:
 		}
 		break
 	}
 	directiveOrder = newOrder
 }
 // RegisterGlobalOption registers a unique global option opt with
 // an associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When the global
 // option opt is encountered in a Caddyfile, setupFunc will be
@@ -202,8 +135,8 @@ func RegisterGlobalOption(opt string, setupFunc UnmarshalGlobalFunc) {
 type Helper struct {
 	*caddyfile.Dispenser
 	// State stores intermediate variables during caddyfile adaptation.
-	State        map[string]any
+	State        map[string]interface{}
-	options      map[string]any
+	options      map[string]interface{}
 	warnings     *[]caddyconfig.Warning
 	matcherDefs  map[string]caddy.ModuleMap
 	parentBlock  caddyfile.ServerBlock
@@ -211,7 +144,7 @@ type Helper struct {
 }
 // Option gets the option keyed by name.
-func (h Helper) Option(name string) any {
+func (h Helper) Option(name string) interface{} {
 	return h.options[name]
 }
@@ -231,12 +164,11 @@ func (h Helper) Caddyfiles() []string {
 	for file := range files {
 		filesSlice = append(filesSlice, file)
 	}
 	sort.Strings(filesSlice)
 	return filesSlice
 }
 // JSON converts val into JSON. Any errors are added to warnings.
-func (h Helper) JSON(val any) json.RawMessage {
+func (h Helper) JSON(val interface{}) json.RawMessage {
 	return caddyconfig.JSON(val, h.warnings)
 }
@@ -275,8 +207,7 @@ func (h Helper) ExtractMatcherSet() (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
 // NewRoute returns config values relevant to creating a new HTTP route.
 func (h Helper) NewRoute(matcherSet caddy.ModuleMap,
-	handler caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler,
+	handler caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler) []ConfigValue {
 ) []ConfigValue {
 	mod, err := caddy.GetModule(caddy.GetModuleID(handler))
 	if err != nil {
 		*h.warnings = append(*h.warnings, caddyconfig.Warning{
@@ -328,6 +259,12 @@ func (h Helper) GroupRoutes(vals []ConfigValue) {
 	}
 }
 // NewBindAddresses returns config values relevant to adding
 // listener bind addresses to the config.
 func (h Helper) NewBindAddresses(addrs []string) []ConfigValue {
 	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addrs}}
 }
 // WithDispenser returns a new instance based on d. All others Helper
 // fields are copied, so typically maps are shared with this new instance.
 func (h Helper) WithDispenser(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) Helper {
@@ -344,7 +281,7 @@ func ParseSegmentAsSubroute(h Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return buildSubroute(allResults, h.groupCounter, true)
+	return buildSubroute(allResults, h.groupCounter)
 }
 // parseSegmentAsConfig parses the segment such that its subdirectives
@@ -368,7 +305,9 @@ func parseSegmentAsConfig(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 		// copy existing matcher definitions so we can augment
 		// new ones that are defined only in this scope
 		matcherDefs := make(map[string]caddy.ModuleMap, len(h.matcherDefs))
-		maps.Copy(matcherDefs, h.matcherDefs)
+		for key, val := range h.matcherDefs {
 			matcherDefs[key] = val
 		}
 		// find and extract any embedded matcher definitions in this scope
 		for i := 0; i < len(segments); i++ {
@@ -401,9 +340,6 @@ func parseSegmentAsConfig(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, h.Errf("parsing caddyfile tokens for '%s': %v", dir, err)
 			}
 			dir = normalizeDirectiveName(dir)
 			for _, result := range results {
 				result.directive = dir
 				allResults = append(allResults, result)
@@ -429,7 +365,7 @@ type ConfigValue struct {
 	// The value to be used when building the config.
 	// Generally its type is associated with the
 	// name of the Class.
-	Value any
+	Value interface{}
 	directive string
 }
@@ -460,7 +396,7 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 			return false
 		}
-		// decode the path matchers if there is just one matcher set
+		// decode the path matchers, if there is just one of them
 		var iPM, jPM caddyhttp.MatchPath
 		if len(iRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) == 1 {
 			_ = json.Unmarshal(iRoute.MatcherSetsRaw[0]["path"], &iPM)
@@ -469,64 +405,24 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 			_ = json.Unmarshal(jRoute.MatcherSetsRaw[0]["path"], &jPM)
 		}
-		// if there is only one path in the path matcher, sort by longer path
+		// sort by longer path (more specific) first; missing path
-		// (more specific) first; missing path matchers or multi-matchers are
+		// matchers or multi-matchers are treated as zero-length paths
 		// treated as zero-length paths
 		var iPathLen, jPathLen int
-		if len(iPM) == 1 {
+		if len(iPM) > 0 {
 			iPathLen = len(iPM[0])
 		}
-		if len(jPM) == 1 {
+		if len(jPM) > 0 {
 			jPathLen = len(jPM[0])
 		}
-		sortByPath := func() bool {
+		// if both directives have no path matcher, use whichever one
-			// we can only confidently compare path lengths if both
+		// has any kind of matcher defined first.
-			// directives have a single path to match (issue #5037)
+		if iPathLen == 0 && jPathLen == 0 {
 			if iPathLen > 0 && jPathLen > 0 {
 				// trim the trailing wildcard if there is one
 				iPathTrimmed := strings.TrimSuffix(iPM[0], "*")
 				jPathTrimmed := strings.TrimSuffix(jPM[0], "*")
 				// if both paths are the same except for a trailing wildcard,
 				// sort by the shorter path first (which is more specific)
 				if iPathTrimmed == jPathTrimmed {
 					return iPathLen < jPathLen
 				}
 				// we use the trimmed length to compare the paths
 				// https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7012#issuecomment-2870142195
 				// credit to https://github.com/Hellio404
 				// for sorts with many items, mixing matchers w/ and w/o wildcards will confuse the sort and result in incorrect orders
 				iPathLen = len(iPathTrimmed)
 				jPathLen = len(jPathTrimmed)
 				// if both paths have the same length, sort lexically
 				// https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/7015#issuecomment-2871993588
 				if iPathLen == jPathLen {
 					return iPathTrimmed < jPathTrimmed
 				}
 				// sort most-specific (longest) path first
 				return iPathLen > jPathLen
 			}
 			// if both directives don't have a single path to compare,
 			// sort whichever one has a matcher first; if both have
 			// a matcher, sort equally (stable sort preserves order)
 			return len(iRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) > 0 && len(jRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) == 0
 		}()
 		// some directives involve setting values which can overwrite
 		// each other, so it makes most sense to reverse the order so
 		// that the least-specific matcher is first, allowing the last
 		// matching one to win
 		if iDir == "vars" {
 			return !sortByPath
 		}
-		// everything else is most-specific matcher first
+		// sort with the most-specific (longest) path first
-		return sortByPath
+		return iPathLen > jPathLen
 	})
 }
@@ -536,7 +432,7 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 type serverBlock struct {
 	block caddyfile.ServerBlock
 	pile  map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
-	parsedKeys []Address
+	keys  []Address
 }
 // hostsFromKeys returns a list of all the non-empty hostnames found in
@@ -553,7 +449,7 @@ type serverBlock struct {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			if !loggerMode {
 				// server block contains a key like ":443", i.e. the host portion
@@ -585,7 +481,7 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -606,29 +502,14 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 // hasHostCatchAllKey returns true if sb has a key that
 // omits a host portion, i.e. it "catches all" hosts.
 func (sb serverBlock) hasHostCatchAllKey() bool {
-	return slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-		return addr.Host == ""
+		if addr.Host == "" {
-	})
+			return true
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }
 // isAllHTTP returns true if all sb keys explicitly specify
 // the http:// scheme
 func (sb serverBlock) isAllHTTP() bool {
 	return !slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
 		return addr.Scheme != "http"
 	})
 }
 // Positional are the supported modes for ordering directives.
 type Positional string
 const (
 	Before Positional = "before"
 	After  Positional = "after"
 	First  Positional = "first"
 	Last   Positional = "last"
 )
 type (
 	// UnmarshalFunc is a function which can unmarshal Caddyfile
 	// tokens into zero or more config values using a Helper type.
@@ -650,7 +531,7 @@ type (
 	// tokens from a global option. It is passed the tokens to parse and
 	// existing value from the previous instance of this global option
 	// (if any). It returns the value to associate with this global option.
-	UnmarshalGlobalFunc func(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error)
+	UnmarshalGlobalFunc func(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface{}, error)
 )
 var registeredDirectives = make(map[string]UnmarshalFunc)
@@ -31,23 +31,20 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]Address{
 				{Original: ":2015", Port: "2015"},
 			},
-			[]string{},
+			[]string{}, []string{},
 			[]string{},
 		},
 		{
 			[]Address{
 				{Original: ":443", Port: "443"},
 			},
-			[]string{},
+			[]string{}, []string{},
 			[]string{},
 		},
 		{
 			[]Address{
 				{Original: "foo", Host: "foo"},
 				{Original: ":2015", Port: "2015"},
 			},
-			[]string{},
+			[]string{}, []string{"foo"},
 			[]string{"foo"},
 		},
 		{
 			[]Address{
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]string{"example.com:2015"},
 		},
 	} {
-		sb := serverBlock{parsedKeys: tc.keys}
+		sb := serverBlock{keys: tc.keys}
 		// test in normal mode
 		actual := sb.hostsFromKeys(false)
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )
 func TestMatcherSyntax(t *testing.T) {
@@ -211,53 +209,3 @@ func TestGlobalOptions(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestDefaultSNIWithoutHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
 	caddyfileStr := `{
 		default_sni my-sni.com
 	}
 	example.com {
 	}`
 	adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
 		ServerType: ServerType{},
 	}
 	result, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(caddyfileStr), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to adapt Caddyfile: %v", err)
 	}
 	var config struct {
 		Apps struct {
 			HTTP struct {
 				Servers map[string]*caddyhttp.Server `json:"servers"`
 			} `json:"http"`
 		} `json:"apps"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(result, &config); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to unmarshal JSON config: %v", err)
 	}
 	server, ok := config.Apps.HTTP.Servers["srv0"]
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected server 'srv0' to be created")
 	}
 	if len(server.TLSConnPolicies) == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected TLS connection policies to be generated, got none")
 	}
 	found := false
 	for _, policy := range server.TLSConnPolicies {
 		if policy.DefaultSNI == "my-sni.com" {
 			found = true
 			break
 		}
 	}
 	if !found {
 		t.Errorf("Expected default_sni 'my-sni.com' in TLS connection policies, but it was missing. Generated JSON: %s", string(result))
 	}
 }
@@ -15,38 +15,28 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/acme"
 )
 func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("debug", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("http_port", parseOptHTTPPort)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("https_port", parseOptHTTPSPort)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptDefaultBind)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("grace_period", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("shutdown_delay", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("default_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("fallback_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("order", parseOptOrder)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("storage", parseOptStorage)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_check", parseStorageCheck)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseStorageCleanInterval)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("renew_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca_root", parseOptSingleString)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptDNS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptACMEDNS)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_eab", parseOptACMEEAB)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_issuer", parseOptCertIssuer)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("skip_install_trust", parseOptTrue)
@@ -56,24 +46,17 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("local_certs", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("key_type", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("auto_https", parseOptAutoHTTPS)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("metrics", parseMetricsOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("servers", parseServerOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_stapling", parseOCSPStaplingOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_lifetime", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("log", parseLogOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("persist_config", parseOptPersistConfig)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("dns", parseOptDNS)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("tls_resolvers", parseOptTLSResolvers)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ech", parseOptECH)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("renewal_window_ratio", parseOptRenewalWindowRatio)
 }
-func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) { return true, nil }
+func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) { return true, nil }
-func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var httpPort int
 	for d.Next() {
 		var httpPortStr string
 		if !d.AllArgs(&httpPortStr) {
 			return 0, d.ArgErr()
@@ -83,12 +66,13 @@ func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, d.Errf("converting port '%s' to integer value: %v", httpPortStr, err)
 		}
 	}
 	return httpPort, nil
 }
-func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var httpsPort int
 	for d.Next() {
 		var httpsPortStr string
 		if !d.AllArgs(&httpsPortStr) {
 			return 0, d.ArgErr()
@@ -98,12 +82,14 @@ func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, d.Errf("converting port '%s' to integer value: %v", httpsPortStr, err)
 		}
 	}
 	return httpsPort, nil
 }
-func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
+	newOrder := directiveOrder
 	for d.Next() {
 		// get directive name
 		if !d.Next() {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
@@ -117,35 +103,34 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		if !d.Next() {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
-	pos := Positional(d.Val())
+		pos := d.Val()
-	// if directive already had an order, drop it
+		// if directive exists, first remove it
-	newOrder := slices.DeleteFunc(directiveOrder, func(d string) bool {
+		for i, d := range newOrder {
-		return d == dirName
+			if d == dirName {
-	})
+				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], newOrder[i+1:]...)
 				break
 			}
 		}
-	// act on the positional; if it's First or Last, we're done right away
+		// act on the positional
 		switch pos {
-	case First:
+		case "first":
 			newOrder = append([]string{dirName}, newOrder...)
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			directiveOrder = newOrder
 			return newOrder, nil
-
+		case "last":
 	case Last:
 			newOrder = append(newOrder, dirName)
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			directiveOrder = newOrder
 			return newOrder, nil
-
+		case "before":
-	// if it's Before or After, continue
+		case "after":
 	case Before:
 	case After:
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unknown positional '%s'", pos)
 		}
@@ -159,24 +144,25 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
-	// get the position of the target directive
+		// insert directive into proper position
-	targetIndex := slices.Index(newOrder, otherDir)
+		for i, d := range newOrder {
-	if targetIndex == -1 {
+			if d == otherDir {
-		return nil, d.Errf("directive '%s' not found", otherDir)
+				if pos == "before" {
 					newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
 				} else if pos == "after" {
 					newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
 				}
 				break
 			}
 		}
 	// if we're inserting after, we need to increment the index to go after
 	if pos == After {
 		targetIndex++
 	}
 	// insert the directive into the new order
 	newOrder = slices.Insert(newOrder, targetIndex, dirName)
 	directiveOrder = newOrder
 	return newOrder, nil
 }
-func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -195,41 +181,7 @@ func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return storage, nil
 }
-func parseStorageCheck(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	val := d.Val()
 	if d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	if val != "off" {
 		return "", d.Errf("storage_check must be 'off'")
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }
 func parseStorageCleanInterval(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	val := d.Val()
 	if d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	if val == "off" {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 	dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse storage_clean_interval, must be a duration or 'off' %w", err)
 	}
 	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
 }
 func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -243,13 +195,32 @@ func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
 }
-func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	if !d.Next() { // get DNS module name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
 	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	prov, ok := unm.(certmagic.ACMEDNSProvider)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.ACMEDNSProvider", modID, unm)
 	}
 	return prov, nil
 }
 func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	eab := new(acme.EAB)
-	d.Next() // consume option name
+	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
-	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 			switch d.Val() {
 			case "key_id":
 				if !d.NextArg() {
@@ -267,19 +238,17 @@ func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return eab, nil
 }
-func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var issuers []certmagic.Issuer
 	if existing != nil {
 		issuers = existing.([]certmagic.Issuer)
 	}
-
+	for d.Next() { // consume option name
-	// get issuer module name
+		if !d.Next() { // get issuer module name
 	if !d.Next() {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
 		modID := "tls.issuance." + d.Val()
@@ -292,11 +261,12 @@ func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing any) (any, error) {
 			return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.Issuer", modID, unm)
 		}
 		issuers = append(issuers, iss)
 	}
 	return issuers, nil
 }
-func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
+	d.Next() // consume parameter name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -307,47 +277,9 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return val, nil
 }
-func parseOptTLSResolvers(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	resolvers := d.RemainingArgs()
 	if len(resolvers) == 0 {
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	return resolvers, nil
 }
 func parseOptDefaultBind(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var addresses, protocols []string
 	addresses = d.RemainingArgs()
 	if len(addresses) == 0 {
 		addresses = append(addresses, "")
 	}
 	for d.NextBlock(0) {
 		switch d.Val() {
 		case "protocols":
 			protocols = d.RemainingArgs()
 			if len(protocols) == 0 {
 				return nil, d.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
 			}
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
 		addresses: addresses,
 		protocols: protocols,
 	}}}, nil
 }
 func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	adminCfg := new(caddy.AdminConfig)
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
 			listenAddress := d.Val()
 			if listenAddress == "off" {
@@ -362,7 +294,7 @@ func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 			switch d.Val() {
 			case "enforce_origin":
 				adminCfg.EnforceOrigin = true
@@ -374,20 +306,19 @@ func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	if adminCfg.Listen == "" && !adminCfg.Disabled {
 		adminCfg.Listen = caddy.DefaultAdminListen
 	}
 	return adminCfg, nil
 }
-func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
+	var ond *caddytls.OnDemandConfig
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
 	var ond *caddytls.OnDemandConfig
 		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 			switch d.Val() {
 			case "ask":
@@ -397,52 +328,53 @@ func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 				if ond == nil {
 					ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
 				}
-			if ond.PermissionRaw != nil {
+				ond.Ask = d.Val()
 				return nil, d.Err("on-demand TLS permission module (or 'ask') already specified")
 			}
 			perm := caddytls.PermissionByHTTP{Endpoint: d.Val()}
 			ond.PermissionRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(perm, "module", "http", nil)
-		case "permission":
+			case "interval":
 				if !d.NextArg() {
 					return nil, d.ArgErr()
 				}
 				dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 				if ond == nil {
 					ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
 				}
-			if ond.PermissionRaw != nil {
+				if ond.RateLimit == nil {
-				return nil, d.Err("on-demand TLS permission module (or 'ask') already specified")
+					ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
 				}
-			modName := d.Val()
+				ond.RateLimit.Interval = caddy.Duration(dur)
-			modID := "tls.permission." + modName
+
-			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+			case "burst":
 				if !d.NextArg() {
 					return nil, d.ArgErr()
 				}
 				burst, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
-			perm, ok := unm.(caddytls.OnDemandPermission)
+				if ond == nil {
-			if !ok {
+					ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
 				return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not an on-demand TLS permission module", modID, unm)
 				}
-			ond.PermissionRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(perm, "module", modName, nil)
+				if ond.RateLimit == nil {
-
+					ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
-		case "interval":
+				}
-			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'interval' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
+				ond.RateLimit.Burst = burst
 		case "burst":
 			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'burst' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
 			default:
 				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	if ond == nil {
 		return nil, d.Err("expected at least one config parameter for on_demand_tls")
 	}
 	return ond, nil
 }
-func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
+	d.Next() // consume parameter name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -450,56 +382,17 @@ func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
-	if val != "off" {
+	if val != "off" && val != "disable_redirects" && val != "ignore_loaded_certs" {
-		return "", d.Errf("persist_config must be 'off'")
+		return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects' or 'ignore_loaded_certs'")
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }
-func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	val := d.RemainingArgs()
 	if len(val) == 0 {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	for _, v := range val {
 		switch v {
 		case "off":
 		case "disable_redirects":
 		case "disable_certs":
 		case "ignore_loaded_certs":
 		default:
 			return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', or 'ignore_loaded_certs'")
 		}
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }
 func unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	metrics := new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
 	for d.NextBlock(0) {
 		switch d.Val() {
 		case "per_host":
 			metrics.PerHost = true
 		case "observe_catchall_hosts":
 			metrics.ObserveCatchallHosts = true
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	return metrics, nil
 }
 func parseMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d)
 }
 func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d)
 }
-func parseOCSPStaplingOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOCSPStaplingOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var val string
 	if !d.AllArgs(&val) {
@@ -525,7 +418,8 @@ func parseOCSPStaplingOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 //
 // When the name argument is unspecified, this directive modifies the default
 // logger.
-func parseLogOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
+//
 func parseLogOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	currentNames := make(map[string]struct{})
 	if existingVal != nil {
 		innerVals, ok := existingVal.([]ConfigValue)
@@ -560,97 +454,7 @@ func parseLogOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
 	return configValues, nil
 }
-func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next()
 	return caddytls.ParseCaddyfilePreferredChainsOptions(d)
 }
 func parseOptDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	optName := d.Val()
 	// get DNS module name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		// this is allowed if this is the "acme_dns" option since it may refer to the globally-configured "dns" option's value
 		if optName == "acme_dns" {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
 	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	switch unm.(type) {
 	case libdns.RecordGetter,
 		libdns.RecordSetter,
 		libdns.RecordAppender,
 		libdns.RecordDeleter:
 	default:
 		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a libdns provider", modID, unm)
 	}
 	return unm, nil
 }
 func parseOptECH(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	ech := new(caddytls.ECH)
 	publicNames := d.RemainingArgs()
 	for _, publicName := range publicNames {
 		ech.Configs = append(ech.Configs, caddytls.ECHConfiguration{
 			PublicName: publicName,
 		})
 	}
 	if len(ech.Configs) == 0 {
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 		switch d.Val() {
 		case "dns":
 			if !d.Next() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			providerName := d.Val()
 			modID := "dns.providers." + providerName
 			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			ech.Publication = append(ech.Publication, &caddytls.ECHPublication{
 				Configs: publicNames,
 				PublishersRaw: caddy.ModuleMap{
 					"dns": caddyconfig.JSON(caddytls.ECHDNSPublisher{
 						ProviderRaw: caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", providerName, nil),
 					}, nil),
 				},
 			})
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("ech: unrecognized subdirective '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	return ech, nil
 }
 func parseOptRenewalWindowRatio(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return 0, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	val := d.Val()
 	ratio, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, d.Errf("parsing renewal_window_ratio: %v", err)
 	}
 	if ratio <= 0 || ratio >= 1 {
 		return 0, d.Errf("renewal_window_ratio must be between 0 and 1 (exclusive)")
 	}
 	if d.Next() {
 		return 0, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 	return ratio, nil
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 	_ "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/logging"
 )
@@ -64,105 +62,3 @@ func TestGlobalLogOptionSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestGlobalResolversOption(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name            string
 		input           string
 		expectResolvers []string
 		expectError     bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "single resolver",
 			input: `{
 				tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1
 			}
 			example.com {
 			}`,
 			expectResolvers: []string{"1.1.1.1"},
 			expectError:     false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "two resolvers",
 			input: `{
 				tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
 			}
 			example.com {
 			}`,
 			expectResolvers: []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"},
 			expectError:     false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple resolvers",
 			input: `{
 				tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8 9.9.9.9
 			}
 			example.com {
 			}`,
 			expectResolvers: []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8", "9.9.9.9"},
 			expectError:     false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "no resolvers specified",
 			input: `{
 			}
 			example.com {
 			}`,
 			expectResolvers: nil,
 			expectError:     false,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
 				ServerType: ServerType{},
 			}
 			out, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(tc.input), nil)
 			if (err != nil) != tc.expectError {
 				t.Errorf("error expectation failed. Expected error: %v, got: %v", tc.expectError, err)
 				return
 			}
 			if tc.expectError {
 				return
 			}
 			// Parse the output JSON to check resolvers
 			var config struct {
 				Apps struct {
 					TLS *caddytls.TLS `json:"tls"`
 				} `json:"apps"`
 			}
 			if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &config); err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("failed to unmarshal output: %v", err)
 				return
 			}
 			// Check if resolvers match expected
 			if config.Apps.TLS == nil {
 				if tc.expectResolvers != nil {
 					t.Errorf("Expected TLS config with resolvers %v, but TLS config is nil", tc.expectResolvers)
 				}
 				return
 			}
 			actualResolvers := config.Apps.TLS.Resolvers
 			if len(tc.expectResolvers) == 0 && len(actualResolvers) == 0 {
 				return // Both empty, ok
 			}
 			if len(actualResolvers) != len(tc.expectResolvers) {
 				t.Errorf("Expected %d resolvers, got %d. Expected: %v, got: %v", len(tc.expectResolvers), len(actualResolvers), tc.expectResolvers, actualResolvers)
 				return
 			}
 			for j, expected := range tc.expectResolvers {
 				if actualResolvers[j] != expected {
 					t.Errorf("Resolver %d mismatch. Expected: %s, got: %s", j, expected, actualResolvers[j])
 				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -15,221 +15,24 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddypki"
 )
 func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("pki", parsePKIApp)
 }
 // parsePKIApp parses the global pki option. Syntax:
 //
 //	pki {
 //	    ca [<id>] {
 //	        name                    <name>
 //	        root_cn                 <name>
 //	        intermediate_cn         <name>
 //	        intermediate_lifetime   <duration>
 //	        maintenance_interval    <duration>
 //	        renewal_window_ratio    <ratio>
 //	        root {
 //	            cert   <path>
 //	            key    <path>
 //	            format <format>
 //	        }
 //	        intermediate {
 //	            cert   <path>
 //	            key    <path>
 //	            format <format>
 //	        }
 //	    }
 //	}
 //
 // When the CA ID is unspecified, 'local' is assumed.
 func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume app name
 	pki := &caddypki.PKI{
 		CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA),
 	}
 	for d.NextBlock(0) {
 		switch d.Val() {
 		case "ca":
 			pkiCa := new(caddypki.CA)
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				pkiCa.ID = d.Val()
 				if d.NextArg() {
 					return nil, d.ArgErr()
 				}
 			}
 			if pkiCa.ID == "" {
 				pkiCa.ID = caddypki.DefaultCAID
 			}
 			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 				switch d.Val() {
 				case "name":
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
 					pkiCa.Name = d.Val()
 				case "root_cn":
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
 					pkiCa.RootCommonName = d.Val()
 				case "intermediate_cn":
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
 					pkiCa.IntermediateCommonName = d.Val()
 				case "intermediate_lifetime":
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
 					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
 					if err != nil {
 						return nil, err
 					}
 					pkiCa.IntermediateLifetime = caddy.Duration(dur)
 				case "maintenance_interval":
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
 					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
 					if err != nil {
 						return nil, err
 					}
 					pkiCa.MaintenanceInterval = caddy.Duration(dur)
 				case "renewal_window_ratio":
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
 					ratio, err := strconv.ParseFloat(d.Val(), 64)
 					if err != nil || ratio <= 0 || ratio > 1 {
 						return nil, d.Errf("renewal_window_ratio must be a number in (0, 1], got %s", d.Val())
 					}
 					pkiCa.RenewalWindowRatio = ratio
 				case "root":
 					if pkiCa.Root == nil {
 						pkiCa.Root = new(caddypki.KeyPair)
 					}
 					for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 						switch d.Val() {
 						case "cert":
 							if !d.NextArg() {
 								return nil, d.ArgErr()
 							}
 							pkiCa.Root.Certificate = d.Val()
 						case "key":
 							if !d.NextArg() {
 								return nil, d.ArgErr()
 							}
 							pkiCa.Root.PrivateKey = d.Val()
 						case "format":
 							if !d.NextArg() {
 								return nil, d.ArgErr()
 							}
 							pkiCa.Root.Format = d.Val()
 						default:
 							return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca root option '%s'", d.Val())
 						}
 					}
 				case "intermediate":
 					if pkiCa.Intermediate == nil {
 						pkiCa.Intermediate = new(caddypki.KeyPair)
 					}
 					for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 						switch d.Val() {
 						case "cert":
 							if !d.NextArg() {
 								return nil, d.ArgErr()
 							}
 							pkiCa.Intermediate.Certificate = d.Val()
 						case "key":
 							if !d.NextArg() {
 								return nil, d.ArgErr()
 							}
 							pkiCa.Intermediate.PrivateKey = d.Val()
 						case "format":
 							if !d.NextArg() {
 								return nil, d.ArgErr()
 							}
 							pkiCa.Intermediate.Format = d.Val()
 						default:
 							return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca intermediate option '%s'", d.Val())
 						}
 					}
 				default:
 					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca option '%s'", d.Val())
 				}
 			}
 			pki.CAs[pkiCa.ID] = pkiCa
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki option '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	return pki, nil
 }
 func (st ServerType) buildPKIApp(
 	pairings []sbAddrAssociation,
-	options map[string]any,
+	options map[string]interface{},
 	warnings []caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) (*caddypki.PKI, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 	pkiApp := &caddypki.PKI{CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA)}
 	skipInstallTrust := false
 	if _, ok := options["skip_install_trust"]; ok {
 		skipInstallTrust = true
 	}
 	// check if auto_https is off - in that case we should not create
 	// any PKI infrastructure even with skip_install_trust directive
 	autoHTTPS := []string{}
 	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 	autoHTTPSOff := slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off")
 	falseBool := false
 	// Load the PKI app configured via global options
 	var pkiApp *caddypki.PKI
 	unwrappedPki, ok := options["pki"].(*caddypki.PKI)
 	if ok {
 		pkiApp = unwrappedPki
 	} else {
 		pkiApp = &caddypki.PKI{CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA)}
 	}
 	for _, ca := range pkiApp.CAs {
 		if skipInstallTrust {
 			ca.InstallTrust = &falseBool
 		}
 		pkiApp.CAs[ca.ID] = ca
 	}
 	// Add in the CAs configured via directives
 	for _, p := range pairings {
 		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
 			// find all the CAs that were defined and add them to the app config
@@ -239,21 +42,15 @@ func (st ServerType) buildPKIApp(
 				if skipInstallTrust {
 					ca.InstallTrust = &falseBool
 				}
 				// the CA might already exist from global options, so
 				// don't overwrite it in that case
 				if _, ok := pkiApp.CAs[ca.ID]; !ok {
 				pkiApp.CAs[ca.ID] = ca
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	}
 	// if there was no CAs defined in any of the servers,
 	// and we were requested to not install trust, then
 	// add one for the default/local CA to do so
-	// only if auto_https is not completely disabled
+	if len(pkiApp.CAs) == 0 && skipInstallTrust {
 	if len(pkiApp.CAs) == 0 && skipInstallTrust && !autoHTTPSOff {
 		ca := new(caddypki.CA)
 		ca.ID = caddypki.DefaultCAID
 		ca.InstallTrust = &falseBool
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
 // Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 )
 func TestParsePKIApp_maintenanceIntervalAndRenewalWindowRatio(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `{
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				maintenance_interval 5m
 				renewal_window_ratio 0.15
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	:8080 {
 	}
 	`
 	adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{ServerType: ServerType{}}
 	out, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(input), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Adapt failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	var cfg struct {
 		Apps struct {
 			PKI struct {
 				CertificateAuthorities map[string]struct {
 					MaintenanceInterval int64   `json:"maintenance_interval,omitempty"`
 					RenewalWindowRatio  float64 `json:"renewal_window_ratio,omitempty"`
 				} `json:"certificate_authorities,omitempty"`
 			} `json:"pki,omitempty"`
 		} `json:"apps"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unmarshal config: %v", err)
 	}
 	ca, ok := cfg.Apps.PKI.CertificateAuthorities["local"]
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatal("expected certificate_authorities.local to exist")
 	}
 	wantInterval := 5 * time.Minute.Nanoseconds()
 	if ca.MaintenanceInterval != wantInterval {
 		t.Errorf("maintenance_interval = %d, want %d (5m)", ca.MaintenanceInterval, wantInterval)
 	}
 	if ca.RenewalWindowRatio != 0.15 {
 		t.Errorf("renewal_window_ratio = %v, want 0.15", ca.RenewalWindowRatio)
 	}
 }
 func TestParsePKIApp_renewalWindowRatioInvalid(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `{
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				renewal_window_ratio 1.5
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	:8080 {
 	}
 	`
 	adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{ServerType: ServerType{}}
 	_, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(input), nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for renewal_window_ratio > 1")
 	}
 }
@@ -17,15 +17,12 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 )
 // serverOptions collects server config overrides parsed from Caddyfile global options
@@ -36,53 +33,28 @@ type serverOptions struct {
 	ListenerAddress string
 	// These will all map 1:1 to the caddyhttp.Server struct
 	Name                  string
 	ListenerWrappersRaw []json.RawMessage
 	PacketConnWrappersRaw []json.RawMessage
 	ReadTimeout         caddy.Duration
 	ReadHeaderTimeout   caddy.Duration
 	WriteTimeout        caddy.Duration
 	IdleTimeout         caddy.Duration
 	KeepAliveInterval     caddy.Duration
 	KeepAliveIdle         caddy.Duration
 	KeepAliveCount        int
 	MaxHeaderBytes      int
-	EnableFullDuplex      bool
+	AllowH2C            bool
-	Protocols             []string
+	ExperimentalHTTP3   bool
 	StrictSNIHost       *bool
 	TrustedProxiesRaw     json.RawMessage
 	TrustedProxiesStrict  int
 	TrustedProxiesUnix    bool
 	ClientIPHeaders       []string
 	ShouldLogCredentials  bool
 	Metrics               *caddyhttp.Metrics
 	Trace                 bool // TODO: EXPERIMENTAL
 	// If set, overrides whether QUIC listeners allow 0-RTT (early data).
 	// If nil, the default behavior is used (currently allowed).
 	Allow0RTT *bool
 }
-func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
+func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (interface{}, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	serverOpts := serverOptions{}
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
 			serverOpts.ListenerAddress = d.Val()
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 		}
-	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 			switch d.Val() {
 		case "name":
 			if serverOpts.ListenerAddress == "" {
 				return nil, d.Errf("cannot set a name for a server without a listener address")
 			}
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			serverOpts.Name = d.Val()
 			case "listener_wrappers":
 				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 					modID := "caddy.listeners." + d.Val()
@@ -103,26 +75,6 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 					serverOpts.ListenerWrappersRaw = append(serverOpts.ListenerWrappersRaw, jsonListenerWrapper)
 				}
 		case "packet_conn_wrappers":
 			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 				modID := "caddy.packetconns." + d.Val()
 				unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 				packetConnWrapper, ok := unm.(caddy.PacketConnWrapper)
 				if !ok {
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not a packet conn wrapper", modID, unm)
 				}
 				jsonPacketConnWrapper := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
 					packetConnWrapper,
 					"wrapper",
 					packetConnWrapper.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
 					nil,
 				)
 				serverOpts.PacketConnWrappersRaw = append(serverOpts.PacketConnWrappersRaw, jsonPacketConnWrapper)
 			}
 			case "timeouts":
 				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 					switch d.Val() {
@@ -171,36 +123,6 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 					}
 				}
 		case "keepalive_interval":
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive interval duration: %v", err)
 			}
 			serverOpts.KeepAliveInterval = caddy.Duration(dur)
 		case "keepalive_idle":
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive idle duration: %v", err)
 			}
 			serverOpts.KeepAliveIdle = caddy.Duration(dur)
 		case "keepalive_count":
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			cnt, err := strconv.ParseInt(d.Val(), 10, 32)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive count int: %v", err)
 			}
 			serverOpts.KeepAliveCount = int(cnt)
 			case "max_header_size":
 				var sizeStr string
 				if !d.AllArgs(&sizeStr) {
@@ -212,205 +134,94 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 				}
 				serverOpts.MaxHeaderBytes = int(size)
-		case "enable_full_duplex":
+			case "protocol":
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			serverOpts.EnableFullDuplex = true
 		case "log_credentials":
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			serverOpts.ShouldLogCredentials = true
 		case "protocols":
 			protos := d.RemainingArgs()
 			for _, proto := range protos {
 				if proto != "h1" && proto != "h2" && proto != "h2c" && proto != "h3" {
 					return nil, d.Errf("unknown protocol '%s': expected h1, h2, h2c, or h3", proto)
 				}
 				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("protocol %s specified more than once", proto)
 				}
 				serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, proto)
 			}
 			if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 		case "strict_sni_host":
 			if d.NextArg() && d.Val() != "insecure_off" && d.Val() != "on" {
 				return nil, d.Errf("strict_sni_host only supports 'on' or 'insecure_off', got '%s'", d.Val())
 			}
 			boolVal := true
 			if d.Val() == "insecure_off" {
 				boolVal = false
 			}
 			serverOpts.StrictSNIHost = &boolVal
 		case "trusted_proxies":
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.Err("trusted_proxies expects an IP range source module name as its first argument")
 			}
 			modID := "http.ip_sources." + d.Val()
 			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			source, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.IPRangeSource)
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not an IP range source", modID, unm)
 			}
 			jsonSource := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
 				source,
 				"source",
 				source.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
 				nil,
 			)
 			serverOpts.TrustedProxiesRaw = jsonSource
 		case "trusted_proxies_strict":
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			serverOpts.TrustedProxiesStrict = 1
 		case "trusted_proxies_unix":
 			if d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 			serverOpts.TrustedProxiesUnix = true
 		case "client_ip_headers":
 			headers := d.RemainingArgs()
 			for _, header := range headers {
 				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
 				}
 				serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
 			}
 			if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 		case "metrics":
 			caddy.Log().Warn("The nested 'metrics' option inside `servers` is deprecated and will be removed in the next major version. Use the global 'metrics' option instead.")
 			serverOpts.Metrics = new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
 				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 					switch d.Val() {
-				case "per_host":
+					case "allow_h2c":
 					serverOpts.Metrics.PerHost = true
 				default:
 					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized metrics option '%s'", d.Val())
 				}
 			}
 		case "trace":
 						if d.NextArg() {
 							return nil, d.ArgErr()
 						}
-			serverOpts.Trace = true
+						serverOpts.AllowH2C = true
-		case "0rtt":
+					case "experimental_http3":
-			// only supports "off" for now
+						if d.NextArg() {
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 							return nil, d.ArgErr()
 						}
-			if d.Val() != "off" {
+						serverOpts.ExperimentalHTTP3 = true
-				return nil, d.Errf("unsupported 0rtt argument '%s' (only 'off' is supported)", d.Val())
+
 					case "strict_sni_host":
 						if d.NextArg() {
 							return nil, d.ArgErr()
 						}
 						trueBool := true
 						serverOpts.StrictSNIHost = &trueBool
 					default:
 						return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized protocol option '%s'", d.Val())
 					}
 				}
 			boolVal := false
 			serverOpts.Allow0RTT = &boolVal
 			default:
 				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return serverOpts, nil
 }
 // applyServerOptions sets the server options on the appropriate servers
 func applyServerOptions(
 	servers map[string]*caddyhttp.Server,
-	options map[string]any,
+	options map[string]interface{},
-	_ *[]caddyconfig.Warning,
+	warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) error {
 	// If experimental HTTP/3 is enabled, enable it on each server.
 	// We already know there won't be a conflict with serverOptions because
 	// we validated earlier that "experimental_http3" cannot be set at the same
 	// time as "servers"
 	if enableH3, ok := options["experimental_http3"].(bool); ok && enableH3 {
 		*warnings = append(*warnings, caddyconfig.Warning{Message: "the 'experimental_http3' global option is deprecated, please use the 'servers > protocol > experimental_http3' option instead"})
 		for _, srv := range servers {
 			srv.ExperimentalHTTP3 = true
 		}
 	}
 	serverOpts, ok := options["servers"].([]serverOptions)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
-	// check for duplicate names, which would clobber the config
+	for _, server := range servers {
 	existingNames := map[string]bool{}
 	for _, opts := range serverOpts {
 		if opts.Name == "" {
 			continue
 		}
 		if existingNames[opts.Name] {
 			return fmt.Errorf("cannot use duplicate server name '%s'", opts.Name)
 		}
 		existingNames[opts.Name] = true
 	}
 	// collect the server name overrides
 	nameReplacements := map[string]string{}
 	for key, server := range servers {
 		// find the options that apply to this server
-		optsIndex := slices.IndexFunc(serverOpts, func(s serverOptions) bool {
+		opts := func() *serverOptions {
-			return s.ListenerAddress == "" || slices.Contains(server.Listen, s.ListenerAddress)
+			for _, entry := range serverOpts {
-		})
+				if entry.ListenerAddress == "" {
 					return &entry
 				}
 				for _, listener := range server.Listen {
 					if entry.ListenerAddress == listener {
 						return &entry
 					}
 				}
 			}
 			return nil
 		}()
 		// if none apply, then move to the next server
-		if optsIndex == -1 {
+		if opts == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 		opts := serverOpts[optsIndex]
 		// set all the options
 		server.ListenerWrappersRaw = opts.ListenerWrappersRaw
 		server.PacketConnWrappersRaw = opts.PacketConnWrappersRaw
 		server.ReadTimeout = opts.ReadTimeout
 		server.ReadHeaderTimeout = opts.ReadHeaderTimeout
 		server.WriteTimeout = opts.WriteTimeout
 		server.IdleTimeout = opts.IdleTimeout
 		server.KeepAliveInterval = opts.KeepAliveInterval
 		server.KeepAliveIdle = opts.KeepAliveIdle
 		server.KeepAliveCount = opts.KeepAliveCount
 		server.MaxHeaderBytes = opts.MaxHeaderBytes
-		server.EnableFullDuplex = opts.EnableFullDuplex
+		server.AllowH2C = opts.AllowH2C
-		server.Protocols = opts.Protocols
+		server.ExperimentalHTTP3 = opts.ExperimentalHTTP3
 		server.StrictSNIHost = opts.StrictSNIHost
 		server.TrustedProxiesRaw = opts.TrustedProxiesRaw
 		server.ClientIPHeaders = opts.ClientIPHeaders
 		server.TrustedProxiesStrict = opts.TrustedProxiesStrict
 		server.TrustedProxiesUnix = opts.TrustedProxiesUnix
 		server.Metrics = opts.Metrics
 		server.Allow0RTT = opts.Allow0RTT
 		if opts.ShouldLogCredentials {
 			if server.Logs == nil {
 				server.Logs = new(caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig)
 			}
 			server.Logs.ShouldLogCredentials = opts.ShouldLogCredentials
 		}
 		if opts.Trace {
 			// TODO: THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL (MAY 2024)
 			if server.Logs == nil {
 				server.Logs = new(caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig)
 			}
 			server.Logs.Trace = opts.Trace
 		}
 		if opts.Name != "" {
 			nameReplacements[key] = opts.Name
 		}
 	}
 	// rename the servers if marked to do so
 	for old, new := range nameReplacements {
 		servers[new] = servers[old]
 		delete(servers, old)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 )
 type ComplexShorthandReplacer struct {
 	search  *regexp.Regexp
 	replace string
 }
 type ShorthandReplacer struct {
 	complex []ComplexShorthandReplacer
 	simple  *strings.Replacer
 }
 func NewShorthandReplacer() ShorthandReplacer {
 	// replace shorthand placeholders (which are convenient
 	// when writing a Caddyfile) with their actual placeholder
 	// identifiers or variable names
 	replacer := strings.NewReplacer(placeholderShorthands()...)
 	// these are placeholders that allow a user-defined final
 	// parameters, but we still want to provide a shorthand
 	// for those, so we use a regexp to replace
 	regexpReplacements := []ComplexShorthandReplacer{
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{header\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.header.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{cookie\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.cookie.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{labels\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.host.labels.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{path\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.uri.path.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{file\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.uri.path.file.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{query\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.uri.query.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{re\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.regexp.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{vars\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.vars.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{rp\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.reverse_proxy.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{resp\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.intercept.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{err\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.error.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{file_match\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.matchers.file.$1}"},
 	}
 	return ShorthandReplacer{
 		complex: regexpReplacements,
 		simple:  replacer,
 	}
 }
 // placeholderShorthands returns a slice of old-new string pairs,
 // where the left of the pair is a placeholder shorthand that may
 // be used in the Caddyfile, and the right is the replacement.
 func placeholderShorthands() []string {
 	return []string{
 		"{host}", "{http.request.host}",
 		"{hostport}", "{http.request.hostport}",
 		"{port}", "{http.request.port}",
 		"{orig_method}", "{http.request.orig_method}",
 		"{orig_uri}", "{http.request.orig_uri}",
 		"{orig_path}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path}",
 		"{orig_dir}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.dir}",
 		"{orig_file}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.file}",
 		"{orig_query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.query}",
 		"{orig_?query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{method}", "{http.request.method}",
 		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
 		"{%uri}", "{http.request.uri_escaped}",
 		"{path}", "{http.request.uri.path}",
 		"{%path}", "{http.request.uri.path_escaped}",
 		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
 		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{query}", "{http.request.uri.query}",
 		"{%query}", "{http.request.uri.query_escaped}",
 		"{?query}", "{http.request.uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{remote}", "{http.request.remote}",
 		"{remote_host}", "{http.request.remote.host}",
 		"{remote_port}", "{http.request.remote.port}",
 		"{scheme}", "{http.request.scheme}",
 		"{uuid}", "{http.request.uuid}",
 		"{tls_cipher}", "{http.request.tls.cipher_suite}",
 		"{tls_version}", "{http.request.tls.version}",
 		"{tls_client_fingerprint}", "{http.request.tls.client.fingerprint}",
 		"{tls_client_issuer}", "{http.request.tls.client.issuer}",
 		"{tls_client_serial}", "{http.request.tls.client.serial}",
 		"{tls_client_subject}", "{http.request.tls.client.subject}",
 		"{tls_client_certificate_pem}", "{http.request.tls.client.certificate_pem}",
 		"{tls_client_certificate_der_base64}", "{http.request.tls.client.certificate_der_base64}",
 		"{upstream_hostport}", "{http.reverse_proxy.upstream.hostport}",
 		"{client_ip}", "{http.vars.client_ip}",
 	}
 }
 // ApplyToSegment replaces shorthand placeholder to its full placeholder, understandable by Caddy.
 func (s ShorthandReplacer) ApplyToSegment(segment *caddyfile.Segment) {
 	if segment != nil {
 		for i := 0; i < len(*segment); i++ {
 			// simple string replacements
 			(*segment)[i].Text = s.simple.Replace((*segment)[i].Text)
 			// complex regexp replacements
 			for _, r := range s.complex {
 				(*segment)[i].Text = r.search.ReplaceAllString((*segment)[i].Text, r.replace)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 (t2) {
    respond 200 {
        body {args[:]}
    }
 }
 :8082 {
    import t2 false
 }
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 (t1) {
    respond 200 {
        body {args[:]}
    }
 }
 :8081 {
    import t1 false
 }
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 (t1) {
    respond 200 {
        body {args[:]}
    }
 }
 :8081 {
    import t1 false
 }
 import import_variadic.txt
 :8083 {
    import t2 true
 }
@@ -19,25 +19,24 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/acme"
 )
 func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	pairings []sbAddrAssociation,
-	options map[string]any,
+	options map[string]interface{},
 	warnings []caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) (*caddytls.TLS, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 	tlsApp := &caddytls.TLS{CertificatesRaw: make(caddy.ModuleMap)}
 	var certLoaders []caddytls.CertificateLoader
@@ -45,26 +44,29 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	if hp, ok := options["http_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpPort = strconv.Itoa(hp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := []string{}
+	httpsPort := strconv.Itoa(caddyhttp.DefaultHTTPSPort)
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
+	if hsp, ok := options["https_port"].(int); ok {
-		autoHTTPS = ah
+		httpsPort = strconv.Itoa(hsp)
 	}
-	// find all hosts that share a server block with a hostless
+	// count how many server blocks have a TLS-enabled key with
-	// key, so that they don't get forgotten/omitted by auto-HTTPS
+	// no host, and find all hosts that share a server block with
-	// (since they won't appear in route matchers)
+	// a hostless key, so that they don't get forgotten/omitted
 	// by auto-HTTPS (since they won't appear in route matchers)
 	var serverBlocksWithTLSHostlessKey int
 	httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey := make(map[string]struct{})
 	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") {
 	for _, pair := range pairings {
 		for _, sb := range pair.serverBlocks {
-				for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+			for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-					if addr.Host != "" {
+				if addr.Host == "" {
-						continue
+					// this address has no hostname, but if it's explicitly set
 					// to HTTPS, then we need to count it as being TLS-enabled
 					if addr.Scheme == "https" || addr.Port == httpsPort {
 						serverBlocksWithTLSHostlessKey++
 					}
 					// this server block has a hostless key, now
 					// go through and add all the hosts to the set
-					for _, otherAddr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+					for _, otherAddr := range sb.keys {
 						if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
 							continue
 						}
@@ -92,25 +94,13 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, catchAllAP)
 	}
 	forcedAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{}) // explicitly configured to be automated, even if covered by a wildcard
 	for _, p := range pairings {
 		// avoid setting up TLS automation policies for a server that is HTTP-only
-		var addresses []string
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(p.addresses, httpPort) {
 		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
 			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
 		}
 		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
 			// check the scheme of all the site addresses,
 			// skip building AP if they all had http://
 			if sblock.isAllHTTP() {
 				continue
 			}
 			// get values that populate an automation policy for this block
 			ap, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -127,28 +117,10 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				ap.OnDemand = true
 			}
 			// collect hosts that are forced to have certs automated for their specific name
 			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
 				for _, host := range sblockHosts {
 					forcedAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
 				}
 			}
 			// reuse private keys tls
 			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.reuse_private_keys"]; ok {
 				ap.ReusePrivateKeys = true
 			}
 			if keyTypeVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.key_type"]; ok {
 				ap.KeyType = keyTypeVals[0].Value.(string)
 			}
 			if renewalWindowRatioVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.renewal_window_ratio"]; ok {
 				ap.RenewalWindowRatio = renewalWindowRatioVals[0].Value.(float64)
 			} else if globalRenewalWindowRatio, ok := options["renewal_window_ratio"]; ok {
 				ap.RenewalWindowRatio = globalRenewalWindowRatio.(float64)
 			}
 			// certificate issuers
 			if issuerVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.cert_issuer"]; ok {
 				var issuers []certmagic.Issuer
@@ -156,31 +128,11 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					issuers = append(issuers, issuerVal.Value.(certmagic.Issuer))
 				}
 				if ap == catchAllAP && !reflect.DeepEqual(ap.Issuers, issuers) {
 					// this more correctly implements an error check that was removed
 					// below; try it with this config:
 					//
 					// :443 {
 					// 	bind 127.0.0.1
 					// }
 					//
 					// :443 {
 					// 	bind ::1
 					// 	tls {
 					// 		issuer acme
 					// 	}
 					// }
 					return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("automation policy from site block is also default/catch-all policy because of key without hostname, and the two are in conflict: %#v != %#v", ap.Issuers, issuers)
 				}
 				ap.Issuers = issuers
 			}
 			// certificate managers
 			if certManagerVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.cert_manager"]; ok {
 				for _, certManager := range certManagerVals {
 					certGetterName := certManager.Value.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name()
 					ap.ManagersRaw = append(ap.ManagersRaw, caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(certManager.Value, "via", certGetterName, &warnings))
 				}
 			}
 			// custom bind host
 			for _, cfgVal := range sblock.pile["bind"] {
 				for _, iss := range ap.Issuers {
@@ -203,40 +155,42 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					if acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "" {
 						// only binding to one host is supported
 						var bindHost string
-						if asserted, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(asserted.addresses) > 0 {
+						if bindHosts, ok := cfgVal.Value.([]string); ok && len(bindHosts) > 0 {
-							bindHost = asserted.addresses[0]
+							bindHost = bindHosts[0]
 						}
 						acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = bindHost
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			// we used to ensure this block is allowed to create an automation policy;
+			// first make sure this block is allowed to create an automation policy;
-			// doing so was forbidden if it has a key with no host (i.e. ":443")
+			// doing so is forbidden if it has a key with no host (i.e. ":443")
 			// and if there is a different server block that also has a key with no
 			// host -- since a key with no host matches any host, we need its
 			// associated automation policy to have an empty Subjects list, i.e. no
 			// host filter, which is indistinguishable between the two server blocks
 			// because automation is not done in the context of a particular server...
 			// this is an example of a poor mapping from Caddyfile to JSON but that's
-			// the least-leaky abstraction I could figure out -- however, this check
+			// the least-leaky abstraction I could figure out
-			// was preventing certain listeners, like those provided by plugins, from
+			if len(sblockHosts) == 0 {
-			// being used as desired (see the Tailscale listener plugin), so I removed
+				if serverBlocksWithTLSHostlessKey > 1 {
-			// the check: and I think since I originally wrote the check I added a new
+					// this server block and at least one other has a key with no host,
-			// check above which *properly* detects this ambiguity without breaking the
+					// making the two indistinguishable; it is misleading to define such
-			// listener plugin; see the check above with a commented example config
+					// a policy within one server block since it actually will apply to
-			if len(sblockHosts) == 0 && catchAllAP == nil {
+					// others as well
 					return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("cannot make a TLS automation policy from a server block that has a host-less address when there are other TLS-enabled server block addresses lacking a host")
 				}
 				if catchAllAP == nil {
 					// this server block has a key with no hosts, but there is not yet
 					// a catch-all automation policy (probably because no global options
 					// were set), so this one becomes it
 					catchAllAP = ap
 				}
-
+			}
 			hostsNotHTTP := sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
 			sort.Strings(hostsNotHTTP) // solely for deterministic test results
 			// associate our new automation policy with this server block's hosts
-			ap.SubjectsRaw = hostsNotHTTP
+			ap.Subjects = sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
 			sort.Strings(ap.Subjects) // solely for deterministic test results
 			// if a combination of public and internal names were given
 			// for this same server block and no issuer was specified, we
@@ -246,11 +200,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			var ap2 *caddytls.AutomationPolicy
 			if len(ap.Issuers) == 0 {
 				var internal, external []string
-				for _, s := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
+				for _, s := range ap.Subjects {
 					// do not create Issuers for Tailscale domains; they will be given a Manager instead
 					if isTailscaleDomain(s) {
 						continue
 					}
 					if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForCert(s) {
 						return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("subject does not qualify for certificate: '%s'", s)
 					}
@@ -268,14 +218,13 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					}
 				}
 				if len(external) > 0 && len(internal) > 0 {
-					ap.SubjectsRaw = external
+					ap.Subjects = external
 					apCopy := *ap
 					ap2 = &apCopy
-					ap2.SubjectsRaw = internal
+					ap2.Subjects = internal
 					ap2.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(caddytls.InternalIssuer{}, "module", "internal", &warnings)}
 				}
 			}
 			if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 				tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 			}
@@ -310,7 +259,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					combined = reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(cl)).Elem()
 				}
 				clVal := reflect.ValueOf(cl)
-				for i := range clVal.Len() {
+				for i := 0; i < clVal.Len(); i++ {
 					combined = reflect.Append(combined, clVal.Index(i))
 				}
 				loadersByName[name] = combined.Interface().(caddytls.CertificateLoader)
@@ -329,47 +278,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.OnDemand = onDemand
 	}
 	// set up "global" (to the TLS app) DNS provider config
 	if globalDNS, ok := options["dns"]; ok && globalDNS != nil {
 		tlsApp.DNSRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalDNS, "name", globalDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
 	}
 	// set up "global" (to the TLS app) DNS resolvers config
 	if globalResolvers, ok := options["tls_resolvers"]; ok && globalResolvers != nil {
 		tlsApp.Resolvers = globalResolvers.([]string)
 	}
 	// set up ECH from Caddyfile options
 	if ech, ok := options["ech"].(*caddytls.ECH); ok {
 		tlsApp.EncryptedClientHello = ech
 		// outer server names will need certificates, so make sure they're included
 		// in an automation policy for them that applies any global options
 		ap, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, warnings, err
 		}
 		for _, cfg := range ech.Configs {
 			if cfg.PublicName != "" {
 				ap.SubjectsRaw = append(ap.SubjectsRaw, cfg.PublicName)
 			}
 		}
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 		}
 		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, ap)
 	}
 	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
 	if sc, ok := options["storage_check"].(string); ok && sc == "off" {
 		tlsApp.DisableStorageCheck = true
 	}
 	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
 	if sci, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(bool); ok && !sci {
 		tlsApp.DisableStorageClean = true
 	}
 	// set the storage clean interval if configured
 	if storageCleanInterval, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(caddy.Duration); ok {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
@@ -378,27 +286,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.StorageCleanInterval = storageCleanInterval
 	}
 	// set the expired certificates renew interval if configured
 	if renewCheckInterval, ok := options["renew_interval"].(caddy.Duration); ok {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 		}
 		tlsApp.Automation.RenewCheckInterval = renewCheckInterval
 	}
 	// set the OCSP check interval if configured
 	if ocspCheckInterval, ok := options["ocsp_interval"].(caddy.Duration); ok {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 		}
 		tlsApp.Automation.OCSPCheckInterval = ocspCheckInterval
 	}
 	// set whether OCSP stapling should be disabled for manually-managed certificates
 	if ocspConfig, ok := options["ocsp_stapling"].(certmagic.OCSPConfig); ok {
 		tlsApp.DisableOCSPStapling = ocspConfig.DisableStapling
 	}
 	// if any hostnames appear on the same server block as a key with
 	// no host, they will not be used with route matchers because the
 	// hostless key matches all hosts, therefore, it wouldn't be
@@ -410,25 +297,16 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	internalAP := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{
 		IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{json.RawMessage(`{"module":"internal"}`)},
 	}
 	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") && !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "disable_certs") {
 	for h := range httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey {
 		al = append(al, h)
 		if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert(h) {
-				internalAP.SubjectsRaw = append(internalAP.SubjectsRaw, h)
+			internalAP.Subjects = append(internalAP.Subjects, h)
 		}
 	}
 	}
 	for name := range forcedAutomatedNames {
 		if slices.Contains(al, name) {
 			continue
 		}
 		al = append(al, name)
 	}
 	slices.Sort(al) // to stabilize the adapt output
 	if len(al) > 0 {
 		tlsApp.CertificatesRaw["automate"] = caddyconfig.JSON(al, &warnings)
 	}
-	if len(internalAP.SubjectsRaw) > 0 {
+	if len(internalAP.Subjects) > 0 {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 		}
@@ -441,27 +319,31 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		globalEmail := options["email"]
 		globalACMECA := options["acme_ca"]
 		globalACMECARoot := options["acme_ca_root"]
-		_, globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"] // can be set to nil (to use globally-defined "dns" value instead), but it is still set
+		globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"]
 		globalACMEEAB := options["acme_eab"]
 		globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
-		hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalEmail != nil || globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
+		hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalEmail != nil || globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS != nil || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
 		if hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
-			for i := range tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
+			// for _, ap := range tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
 			for i := 0; i < len(tlsApp.Automation.Policies); i++ {
 				ap := tlsApp.Automation.Policies[i]
 				if len(ap.Issuers) == 0 && automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap) {
 					// for public names, create default issuers which will later be filled in with configured global defaults
 					// (internal names will implicitly use the internal issuer at auto-https time)
-					emailStr, _ := globalEmail.(string)
+					ap.Issuers = caddytls.DefaultIssuers()
 					ap.Issuers = caddytls.DefaultIssuers(emailStr)
 					// if a specific endpoint is configured, can't use multiple default issuers
 					if globalACMECA != nil {
 						if strings.Contains(globalACMECA.(string), "zerossl") {
 							ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{&caddytls.ZeroSSLIssuer{ACMEIssuer: new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)}}
 						} else {
 							ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)}
 						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	// finalize and verify policies; do cleanup
 	if tlsApp.Automation != nil {
@@ -491,7 +373,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		// for convenience)
 		automationHostSet := make(map[string]struct{})
 		for _, ap := range tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
-			for _, s := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
+			for _, s := range ap.Subjects {
 				if _, ok := automationHostSet[s]; ok {
 					return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("hostname appears in more than one automation policy, making certificate management ambiguous: %s", s)
 				}
@@ -513,7 +395,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 type acmeCapable interface{ GetACMEIssuer() *caddytls.ACMEIssuer }
-func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) error {
+func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]interface{}) error {
 	acmeWrapper, ok := issuer.(acmeCapable)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
@@ -526,12 +408,9 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	globalEmail := options["email"]
 	globalACMECA := options["acme_ca"]
 	globalACMECARoot := options["acme_ca_root"]
-	globalACMEDNS, globalACMEDNSok := options["acme_dns"] // can be set to nil (to use globally-defined "dns" value instead), but it is still set
+	globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"]
 	globalACMEEAB := options["acme_eab"]
 	globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
 	globalCertLifetime := options["cert_lifetime"]
 	globalHTTPPort, globalHTTPSPort := options["http_port"], options["https_port"]
 	globalDefaultBind := options["default_bind"]
 	if globalEmail != nil && acmeIssuer.Email == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.Email = globalEmail.(string)
@@ -539,23 +418,14 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalACMECA != nil && acmeIssuer.CA == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.CA = globalACMECA.(string)
 	}
-	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !slices.Contains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
+	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !sliceContains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
 		acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = append(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string))
 	}
-	if globalACMEDNSok && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw == nil) {
+	if globalACMEDNS != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) {
-		globalDNS := options["dns"]
+		acmeIssuer.Challenges = &caddytls.ChallengesConfig{
-		if globalDNS == nil && globalACMEDNS == nil {
+			DNS: &caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig{
-			return fmt.Errorf("acme_dns specified without DNS provider config, but no provider specified with 'dns' global option")
+				ProviderRaw: caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalACMEDNS, "name", globalACMEDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil),
-		}
+			},
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
 		}
 		if globalACMEDNS != nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw == nil {
 			// Set a global DNS provider if `acme_dns` is set
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalACMEDNS, "name", globalACMEDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
 		}
 	}
 	if globalACMEEAB != nil && acmeIssuer.ExternalAccount == nil {
@@ -564,51 +434,6 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalPreferredChains != nil && acmeIssuer.PreferredChains == nil {
 		acmeIssuer.PreferredChains = globalPreferredChains.(*caddytls.ChainPreference)
 	}
 	// only configure alt HTTP and TLS-ALPN ports if the DNS challenge is not enabled (wouldn't hurt, but isn't necessary since the DNS challenge is exclusive of others)
 	if globalHTTPPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort == 0) {
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP = new(caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig)
 		}
 		acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort = globalHTTPPort.(int)
 	}
 	if globalHTTPSPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort == 0) {
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN = new(caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig)
 		}
 		acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort = globalHTTPSPort.(int)
 	}
 	// If BindHost is still unset, fall back to the first default_bind address if set
 	// This avoids binding the automation policy to the wildcard socket, which is unexpected behavior when a more selective socket is specified via default_bind
 	// In BSD it is valid to bind to the wildcard socket even though a more selective socket is already open (still unexpected behavior by the caller though)
 	// In Linux the same call will error with EADDRINUSE whenever the listener for the automation policy is opened
 	if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || (acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "") {
 		if defBinds, ok := globalDefaultBind.([]ConfigValue); ok && len(defBinds) > 0 {
 			if abp, ok := defBinds[0].Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(abp.addresses) > 0 {
 				if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 					acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 				}
 				acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = abp.addresses[0]
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	if globalCertLifetime != nil && acmeIssuer.CertificateLifetime == 0 {
 		acmeIssuer.CertificateLifetime = globalCertLifetime.(caddy.Duration)
 	}
 	// apply global resolvers if DNS challenge is configured and resolvers are not already set
 	globalResolvers := options["tls_resolvers"]
 	if globalResolvers != nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges != nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS != nil {
 		// Check if DNS challenge is actually configured
 		hasDNSChallenge := globalACMEDNSok || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw != nil
 		if hasDNSChallenge && len(acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers) == 0 {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers = globalResolvers.([]string)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -617,28 +442,17 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 // for any other automation policies. A nil policy (and no error) will be
 // returned if there are no default/global options. However, if always is
 // true, a non-nil value will always be returned (unless there is an error).
-func newBaseAutomationPolicy(
+func newBaseAutomationPolicy(options map[string]interface{}, warnings []caddyconfig.Warning, always bool) (*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, error) {
 	options map[string]any,
 	_ []caddyconfig.Warning,
 	always bool,
 ) (*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, error) {
 	issuers, hasIssuers := options["cert_issuer"]
 	_, hasLocalCerts := options["local_certs"]
 	keyType, hasKeyType := options["key_type"]
 	ocspStapling, hasOCSPStapling := options["ocsp_stapling"]
 	renewalWindowRatio, hasRenewalWindowRatio := options["renewal_window_ratio"]
 	hasGlobalAutomationOpts := hasIssuers || hasLocalCerts || hasKeyType || hasOCSPStapling || hasRenewalWindowRatio
-	globalACMECA := options["acme_ca"]
+	hasGlobalAutomationOpts := hasIssuers || hasLocalCerts || hasKeyType || hasOCSPStapling
 	globalACMECARoot := options["acme_ca_root"]
 	_, globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"] // can be set to nil (to use globally-defined "dns" value instead), but it is still set
 	globalACMEEAB := options["acme_eab"]
 	globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
 	hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
 	// if there are no global options related to automation policies
 	// set, then we can just return right away
-	if !hasGlobalAutomationOpts && !hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
+	if !hasGlobalAutomationOpts {
 		if always {
 			return new(caddytls.AutomationPolicy), nil
 		}
@@ -660,24 +474,12 @@ func newBaseAutomationPolicy(
 		ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{new(caddytls.InternalIssuer)}
 	}
 	if hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
 		for i := range ap.Issuers {
 			if err := fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(ap.Issuers[i], options); err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("filling in global issuer defaults for issuer %d: %v", i, err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	if hasOCSPStapling {
 		ocspConfig := ocspStapling.(certmagic.OCSPConfig)
 		ap.DisableOCSPStapling = ocspConfig.DisableStapling
 		ap.OCSPOverrides = ocspConfig.ResponderOverrides
 	}
 	if hasRenewalWindowRatio {
 		ap.RenewalWindowRatio = renewalWindowRatio.(float64)
 	}
 	return ap, nil
 }
@@ -692,7 +494,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 		if automationPolicyIsSubset(aps[j], aps[i]) {
 			return false
 		}
-		return len(aps[i].SubjectsRaw) > len(aps[j].SubjectsRaw)
+		return len(aps[i].Subjects) > len(aps[j].Subjects)
 	})
 	emptyAPCount := 0
@@ -700,13 +502,13 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 	// compute the number of empty policies (disregarding subjects) - see #4128
 	emptyAP := new(caddytls.AutomationPolicy)
 	for i := 0; i < len(aps); i++ {
-		emptyAP.SubjectsRaw = aps[i].SubjectsRaw
+		emptyAP.Subjects = aps[i].Subjects
 		if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], emptyAP) {
 			emptyAPCount++
 			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
 				// if this automation policy has internal names, we might as well remove it
 				// so auto-https can implicitly use the internal issuer
-				aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
+				aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
 				i--
 			}
 		}
@@ -723,7 +525,7 @@ outer:
 		for j := i + 1; j < len(aps); j++ {
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], aps[j]) {
-				aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
+				aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
 				// must re-evaluate current i against next j; can't skip it!
 				// even if i decrements to -1, will be incremented to 0 immediately
 				i--
@@ -737,14 +539,12 @@ outer:
 			// eaten up by the one with subjects; and if both have subjects, we
 			// need to combine their lists
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i].IssuersRaw, aps[j].IssuersRaw) &&
 				reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i].ManagersRaw, aps[j].ManagersRaw) &&
 				bytes.Equal(aps[i].StorageRaw, aps[j].StorageRaw) &&
 				aps[i].MustStaple == aps[j].MustStaple &&
 				aps[i].KeyType == aps[j].KeyType &&
 				aps[i].OnDemand == aps[j].OnDemand &&
 				aps[i].ReusePrivateKeys == aps[j].ReusePrivateKeys &&
 				aps[i].RenewalWindowRatio == aps[j].RenewalWindowRatio {
-				if len(aps[i].SubjectsRaw) > 0 && len(aps[j].SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
+				if len(aps[i].Subjects) > 0 && len(aps[j].Subjects) == 0 {
 					// later policy (at j) has no subjects ("catch-all"), so we can
 					// remove the identical-but-more-specific policy that comes first
 					// AS LONG AS it is not shadowed by another policy before it; e.g.
@@ -753,18 +553,18 @@ outer:
 					// cause example.com to be served by the less specific policy for
 					// '*.com', which might be different (yes we've seen this happen)
 					if automationPolicyShadows(i, aps) >= j {
-						aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
+						aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
 						i--
 						continue outer
 					}
 				} else {
 					// avoid repeated subjects
-					for _, subj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
+					for _, subj := range aps[j].Subjects {
-						if !slices.Contains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
+						if !sliceContains(aps[i].Subjects, subj) {
-							aps[i].SubjectsRaw = append(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj)
+							aps[i].Subjects = append(aps[i].Subjects, subj)
 						}
 					}
-					aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
+					aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
 					j--
 				}
 			}
@@ -777,16 +577,20 @@ outer:
 // automationPolicyIsSubset returns true if a's subjects are a subset
 // of b's subjects.
 func automationPolicyIsSubset(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	if len(b.SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
+	if len(b.Subjects) == 0 {
 		return true
 	}
-	if len(a.SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
+	if len(a.Subjects) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
-	for _, aSubj := range a.SubjectsRaw {
+	for _, aSubj := range a.Subjects {
-		inSuperset := slices.ContainsFunc(b.SubjectsRaw, func(bSubj string) bool {
+		var inSuperset bool
-			return certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj)
+		for _, bSubj := range b.Subjects {
-		})
+			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj) {
 				inSuperset = true
 				break
 			}
 		}
 		if !inSuperset {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -812,30 +616,17 @@ func automationPolicyShadows(i int, aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) int {
 // subjectQualifiesForPublicCert is like certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert() except
 // that this allows domains with multiple wildcard levels like '*.*.example.com' to qualify
 // if the automation policy has OnDemand enabled (i.e. this function is more lenient).
 //
 // IP subjects are considered as non-qualifying for public certs. Technically, there are
 // now public ACME CAs as well as non-ACME CAs that issue IP certificates. But this function
 // is used solely for implicit automation (defaults), where it gets really complicated to
 // keep track of which issuers support IP certificates in which circumstances. Currently,
 // issuers that support IP certificates are very few, and all require some sort of config
 // from the user anyway (such as an account credential). Since we cannot implicitly and
 // automatically get public IP certs without configuration from the user, we treat IPs as
 // not qualifying for public certificates. Users should expressly configure an issuer
 // that supports IP certs for that purpose.
 func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) bool {
 	return !certmagic.SubjectIsIP(subj) &&
 		!certmagic.SubjectIsInternal(subj) &&
 		(strings.Count(subj, "*.") < 2 || ap.OnDemand)
 }
 // automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames returns true if all the names on the policy
 // do NOT qualify for public certs OR are tailscale domains.
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	return !slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(i string) bool {
+	for _, subj := range ap.Subjects {
-		return !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, i) || isTailscaleDomain(i)
+		if !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj) {
-	})
+			return false
-}
+		}
-
+	}
-func isTailscaleDomain(name string) bool {
+	return true
 	return strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(name), ".ts.net")
 }
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ func TestAutomationPolicyIsSubset(t *testing.T) {
 			expect: false,
 		},
 	} {
-		apA := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{SubjectsRaw: test.a}
+		apA := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{Subjects: test.a}
-		apB := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{SubjectsRaw: test.b}
+		apB := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{Subjects: test.b}
 		if actual := automationPolicyIsSubset(apA, apB); actual != test.expect {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %t but got %t (A: %v  B: %v)", i, test.expect, actual, test.a, test.b)
 		}
@@ -1,26 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 package caddyconfig
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"time"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -30,14 +15,8 @@ func init() {
 	caddy.RegisterModule(HTTPLoader{})
 }
-// HTTPLoader can load Caddy configs over HTTP(S).
+// HTTPLoader can load Caddy configs over HTTP(S). It can adapt the config
-//
+// based on the Content-Type header of the HTTP response.
 // If the response is not a JSON config, a config adapter must be specified
 // either in the loader config (`adapter`), or in the Content-Type HTTP header
 // returned in the HTTP response from the server. The Content-Type header is
 // read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. If you don't have control
 // over the HTTP server (but can still trust its response), you can override
 // the Content-Type header by setting the `adapter` property in this config.
 type HTTPLoader struct {
 	// The method for the request. Default: GET
 	Method string `json:"method,omitempty"`
@@ -51,11 +30,6 @@ type HTTPLoader struct {
 	// Maximum time allowed for a complete connection and request.
 	Timeout caddy.Duration `json:"timeout,omitempty"`
 	// The name of the config adapter to use, if any. Only needed
 	// if the HTTP response is not a JSON config and if the server's
 	// Content-Type header is missing or incorrect.
 	Adapter string `json:"adapter,omitempty"`
 	TLS *struct {
 		// Present this instance's managed remote identity credentials to the server.
 		UseServerIdentity bool `json:"use_server_identity,omitempty"`
@@ -82,30 +56,23 @@ func (HTTPLoader) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
 // LoadConfig loads a Caddy config.
 func (hl HTTPLoader) LoadConfig(ctx caddy.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
 	client, err := hl.makeClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	method := repl.ReplaceAll(hl.Method, "")
+	method := hl.Method
 	if method == "" {
 		method = http.MethodGet
 	}
-	url := repl.ReplaceAll(hl.URL, "")
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, hl.URL, nil)
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	for key, vals := range hl.Headers {
+	req.Header = hl.Headers
 		for _, val := range vals {
 			req.Header.Add(repl.ReplaceAll(key, ""), repl.ReplaceKnown(val, ""))
 		}
 	}
-	resp, err := doHttpCallWithRetries(ctx, client, req)
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -114,59 +81,22 @@ func (hl HTTPLoader) LoadConfig(ctx caddy.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("server responded with HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// adapt the config based on either manually-configured adapter or server's response header
+	result, warnings, err := adaptByContentType(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), body)
 	ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
 	if hl.Adapter != "" {
 		ct = "text/" + hl.Adapter
 	}
 	result, warnings, err := adaptByContentType(ct, body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	for _, warn := range warnings {
-		ctx.Logger().Warn(warn.String())
+		ctx.Logger(hl).Warn(warn.String())
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
 func attemptHttpCall(client *http.Client, request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	resp, err := client.Do(request) //nolint:gosec // no SSRF; comes from trusted config
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("problem calling http loader url: %v", err)
 	} else if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode > 499 {
 		resp.Body.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad response status code from http loader url: %v", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 func doHttpCallWithRetries(ctx caddy.Context, client *http.Client, request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	var resp *http.Response
 	var err error
 	const maxAttempts = 10
 	for i := range maxAttempts {
 		resp, err = attemptHttpCall(client, request)
 		if err != nil && i < maxAttempts-1 {
 			select {
 			case <-time.After(time.Millisecond * 500):
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				return resp, ctx.Err()
 			}
 		} else {
 			break
 		}
 	}
 	return resp, err
 }
 func (hl HTTPLoader) makeClient(ctx caddy.Context) (*http.Client, error) {
 	client := &http.Client{
 		Timeout: time.Duration(hl.Timeout),
@@ -177,27 +107,30 @@ func (hl HTTPLoader) makeClient(ctx caddy.Context) (*http.Client, error) {
 		// client authentication
 		if hl.TLS.UseServerIdentity {
-			certs, err := ctx.IdentityCredentials(ctx.Logger())
+			certs, err := ctx.IdentityCredentials(ctx.Logger(hl))
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting server identity credentials: %v", err)
 			}
-			// See https://github.com/securego/gosec/issues/1054#issuecomment-2072235199
+			if tlsConfig == nil {
-			//nolint:gosec
+				tlsConfig = new(tls.Config)
-			tlsConfig = &tls.Config{Certificates: certs}
+			}
 			tlsConfig.Certificates = certs
 		} else if hl.TLS.ClientCertificateFile != "" && hl.TLS.ClientCertificateKeyFile != "" {
 			cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(hl.TLS.ClientCertificateFile, hl.TLS.ClientCertificateKeyFile)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			//nolint:gosec
+			if tlsConfig == nil {
-			tlsConfig = &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}}
+				tlsConfig = new(tls.Config)
 			}
 			tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{cert}
 		}
 		// trusted server certs
 		if len(hl.TLS.RootCAPEMFiles) > 0 {
 			rootPool := x509.NewCertPool()
 			for _, pemFile := range hl.TLS.RootCAPEMFiles {
-				pemData, err := os.ReadFile(pemFile)
+				pemData, err := ioutil.ReadFile(pemFile)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed reading ca cert: %v", err)
 				}
@@ -58,10 +58,6 @@ func (al adminLoad) Routes() []caddy.AdminRoute {
 			Pattern: "/load",
 			Handler: caddy.AdminHandlerFunc(al.handleLoad),
 		},
 		{
 			Pattern: "/adapt",
 			Handler: caddy.AdminHandlerFunc(al.handleAdapt),
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -106,7 +102,7 @@ func (adminLoad) handleLoad(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 			if err != nil {
 				caddy.Log().Named("admin.api.load").Error(err.Error())
 			}
-			_, _ = w.Write(respBody) //nolint:gosec // false positive: no XSS here
+			_, _ = w.Write(respBody)
 		}
 		body = result
 	}
@@ -121,60 +117,12 @@ func (adminLoad) handleLoad(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		}
 	}
 	// If this request changed the config, clear the last
 	// config info we have stored, if it is different from
 	// the original source.
 	caddy.ClearLastConfigIfDifferent(
 		r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-File"),
 		r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-Adapter"))
 	caddy.Log().Named("admin.api").Info("load complete")
 	return nil
 }
-// handleAdapt adapts the given Caddy config to JSON and responds with the result.
+// adaptByContentType adapts body to Caddy JSON using the adapter specified by contenType.
 func (adminLoad) handleAdapt(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
 		return caddy.APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
 			Err:        fmt.Errorf("method not allowed"),
 		}
 	}
 	buf := bufPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
 	buf.Reset()
 	defer bufPool.Put(buf)
 	_, err := io.Copy(buf, r.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return caddy.APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        fmt.Errorf("reading request body: %v", err),
 		}
 	}
 	result, warnings, err := adaptByContentType(r.Header.Get("Content-Type"), buf.Bytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		return caddy.APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			Err:        err,
 		}
 	}
 	out := struct {
 		Warnings []Warning       `json:"warnings,omitempty"`
 		Result   json.RawMessage `json:"result"`
 	}{
 		Warnings: warnings,
 		Result:   result,
 	}
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	return json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(out)
 }
 // adaptByContentType adapts body to Caddy JSON using the adapter specified by contentType.
 // If contentType is empty or ends with "/json", the input will be returned, as a no-op.
 func adaptByContentType(contentType string, body []byte) ([]byte, []Warning, error) {
 	// assume JSON as the default
@@ -196,11 +144,12 @@ func adaptByContentType(contentType string, body []byte) ([]byte, []Warning, err
 	}
 	// adapter name should be suffix of MIME type
-	_, adapterName, slashFound := strings.Cut(ct, "/")
+	slashIdx := strings.Index(ct, "/")
-	if !slashFound {
+	if slashIdx < 0 {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed Content-Type")
 	}
 	adapterName := ct[slashIdx+1:]
 	cfgAdapter := GetAdapter(adapterName)
 	if cfgAdapter == nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized config adapter '%s'", adapterName)
@@ -215,7 +164,7 @@ func adaptByContentType(contentType string, body []byte) ([]byte, []Warning, err
 }
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
+	New: func() interface{} {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"io/fs"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -23,20 +22,19 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"github.com/aryann/difflib"
-
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	caddycmd "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	// plug in Caddy modules here
 	_ "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/standard"
 )
-// Config store any configuration required to make the tests run
+// Defaults store any configuration required to make the tests run
-type Config struct {
+type Defaults struct {
 	// Port we expect caddy to listening on
 	AdminPort int
 	// Certificates we expect to be loaded before attempting to run the tests
-	Certificates []string
+	Certifcates []string
 	// TestRequestTimeout is the time to wait for a http request to
 	TestRequestTimeout time.Duration
 	// LoadRequestTimeout is the time to wait for the config to be loaded against the caddy server
@@ -44,9 +42,9 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 // Default testing values
-var Default = Config{
+var Default = Defaults{
-	AdminPort:          2999, // different from what a real server also running on a developer's machine might be
+	AdminPort:          2019,
-	Certificates:       []string{"/caddy.localhost.crt", "/caddy.localhost.key"},
+	Certifcates:        []string{"/caddy.localhost.crt", "/caddy.localhost.key"},
 	TestRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 	LoadRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 }
@@ -60,12 +58,12 @@ var (
 type Tester struct {
 	Client       *http.Client
 	configLoaded bool
-	t            testing.TB
+	t            *testing.T
 	config       Config
 }
 // NewTester will create a new testing client with an attached cookie jar
-func NewTester(t testing.TB) *Tester {
+func NewTester(t *testing.T) *Tester {
 	jar, err := cookiejar.New(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cookiejar: %s", err)
@@ -79,29 +77,9 @@ func NewTester(t testing.TB) *Tester {
 		},
 		configLoaded: false,
 		t:            t,
 		config:       Default,
 	}
 }
 // WithDefaultOverrides this will override the default test configuration with the provided values.
 func (tc *Tester) WithDefaultOverrides(overrides Config) *Tester {
 	if overrides.AdminPort != 0 {
 		tc.config.AdminPort = overrides.AdminPort
 	}
 	if len(overrides.Certificates) > 0 {
 		tc.config.Certificates = overrides.Certificates
 	}
 	if overrides.TestRequestTimeout != 0 {
 		tc.config.TestRequestTimeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
 		tc.Client.Timeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
 	}
 	if overrides.LoadRequestTimeout != 0 {
 		tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout = overrides.LoadRequestTimeout
 	}
 	return tc
 }
 type configLoadError struct {
 	Response string
 }
@@ -116,12 +94,13 @@ func timeElapsed(start time.Time, name string) {
 // InitServer this will configure the server with a configurion of a specific
 // type. The configType must be either "json" or the adapter type.
 func (tc *Tester) InitServer(rawConfig string, configType string) {
 	if err := tc.initServer(rawConfig, configType); err != nil {
 		tc.t.Logf("failed to load config: %s", err)
 		tc.t.Fail()
 	}
 	if err := tc.ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig, configType); err != nil {
-		tc.t.Logf("failed ensuring config is running: %s", err)
+		tc.t.Logf("failed ensurng config is running: %s", err)
 		tc.t.Fail()
 	}
 }
@@ -129,12 +108,13 @@ func (tc *Tester) InitServer(rawConfig string, configType string) {
 // InitServer this will configure the server with a configurion of a specific
 // type. The configType must be either "json" or the adapter type.
 func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	if testing.Short() {
 		tc.t.SkipNow()
 		return nil
 	}
-	err := validateTestPrerequisites(tc)
+	err := validateTestPrerequisites()
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Skipf("skipping tests as failed integration prerequisites. %s", err)
 		return nil
@@ -142,13 +122,14 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
 		if tc.t.Failed() && tc.configLoaded {
-			res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
+
 			res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
 			if err != nil {
 				tc.t.Log("unable to read the current config")
 				return
 			}
 			defer res.Body.Close()
-			body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 			var out bytes.Buffer
 			_ = json.Indent(&out, body, "", "  ")
@@ -157,25 +138,11 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	})
 	rawConfig = prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
 	// normalize JSON config
 	if configType == "json" {
 		tc.t.Logf("Before: %s", rawConfig)
 		var conf any
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(rawConfig), &conf); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		c, err := json.Marshal(conf)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		rawConfig = string(c)
 		tc.t.Logf("After: %s", rawConfig)
 	}
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
 	start := time.Now()
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", tc.config.AdminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", Default.AdminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request. %s", err)
 		return err
@@ -187,7 +154,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 		req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "text/"+configType)
 	}
-	res, err := client.Do(req) //nolint:gosec // no SSRF because URL is hard-coded to localhost, and port comes from config
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("unable to contact caddy server. %s", err)
 		return err
@@ -195,7 +162,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	timeElapsed(start, "caddytest: config load time")
 	defer res.Body.Close()
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("unable to read response. %s", err)
 		return err
@@ -219,27 +186,27 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 		expectedBytes, _, _ = adapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), nil)
 	}
-	var expected any
+	var expected interface{}
 	err := json.Unmarshal(expectedBytes, &expected)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
-	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) any {
+	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) interface{} {
-		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
+		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
 		defer resp.Body.Close()
-		actualBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		actualBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
-		var actual any
+		var actual interface{}
 		err = json.Unmarshal(actualBytes, &actual)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
@@ -247,68 +214,52 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 		return actual
 	}
-	for retries := 10; retries > 0; retries-- {
+	for retries := 4; retries > 0; retries-- {
 		if reflect.DeepEqual(expected, fetchConfig(client)) {
 			return nil
 		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 	tc.t.Errorf("POSTed configuration isn't active")
 	return errors.New("EnsureConfigRunning: POSTed configuration isn't active")
 }
 const initConfig = `{
 	admin localhost:%d
 }
 `
 // validateTestPrerequisites ensures the certificates are available in the
 // designated path and Caddy sub-process is running.
-func validateTestPrerequisites(tc *Tester) error {
+func validateTestPrerequisites() error {
 	// check certificates are found
-	for _, certName := range tc.config.Certificates {
+	for _, certName := range Default.Certifcates {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(getIntegrationDir() + certName); errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(getIntegrationDir() + certName); os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test certificates (%s) not found", certName)
 		}
 	}
-	if isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil {
+	if isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil {
 		// setup the init config file, and set the cleanup afterwards
 		f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
 			os.Remove(f.Name()) //nolint:gosec // false positive, filename comes from std lib, no path traversal
 		})
 		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(f, initConfig, tc.config.AdminPort); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// start inprocess caddy server
-		os.Args = []string{"caddy", "run", "--config", f.Name(), "--adapter", "caddyfile"}
+		os.Args = []string{"caddy", "run"}
 		go func() {
 			caddycmd.Main()
 		}()
 		// wait for caddy to start serving the initial config
-		for retries := 10; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil; retries-- {
+		for retries := 4; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil; retries-- {
-			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 		}
 	}
 	// one more time to return the error
-	return isCaddyAdminRunning(tc)
+	return isCaddyAdminRunning()
 }
-func isCaddyAdminRunning(tc *Tester) error {
+func isCaddyAdminRunning() error {
 	// assert that caddy is running
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
-	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
+	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", tc.config.AdminPort)
+		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", Default.AdminPort)
 	}
 	resp.Body.Close()
@@ -316,6 +267,7 @@ func isCaddyAdminRunning(tc *Tester) error {
 }
 func getIntegrationDir() string {
 	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(1)
 	if !ok {
 		panic("unable to determine the current file path")
@@ -335,6 +287,7 @@ func prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig string) string {
 // CreateTestingTransport creates a testing transport that forces call dialing connections to happen locally
 func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 	dialer := net.Dialer{
 		Timeout:   5 * time.Second,
 		KeepAlive: 5 * time.Second,
@@ -362,7 +315,6 @@ func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 // AssertLoadError will load a config and expect an error
 func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expectedError string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	tc := NewTester(t)
@@ -374,7 +326,6 @@ func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expected
 // AssertRedirect makes a request and asserts the redirection happens
 func (tc *Tester) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	redirectPolicyFunc := func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
 		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
@@ -412,8 +363,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, e
 }
 // CompareAdapt adapts a config and then compares it against an expected result
-func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
+func CompareAdapt(t *testing.T, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
 	t.Helper()
 	cfgAdapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(adapterName)
 	if cfgAdapter == nil {
@@ -421,7 +371,7 @@ func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string,
 		return false
 	}
-	options := make(map[string]any)
+	options := make(map[string]interface{})
 	result, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), options)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -473,9 +423,7 @@ func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string,
 }
 // AssertAdapt adapts a config and then tests it against an expected result
-func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
+func AssertAdapt(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	ok := CompareAdapt(t, "Caddyfile", rawConfig, adapterName, expectedResponse)
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fail()
@@ -484,7 +432,7 @@ func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedRes
 // Generic request functions
-func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
+func applyHeaders(t *testing.T, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
 	requestContentType := ""
 	for _, requestHeader := range requestHeaders {
 		arr := strings.SplitAfterN(requestHeader, ":", 2)
@@ -504,15 +452,14 @@ func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
 // AssertResponseCode will execute the request and verify the status code, returns a response for additional assertions
 func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
 	tc.t.Helper()
-	resp, err := tc.Client.Do(req) //nolint:gosec // no SSRFs demonstrated
+	resp, err := tc.Client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Fatalf("failed to call server %s", err)
 	}
 	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", req.URL.RequestURI(), expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", req.RequestURI, expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 	return resp
@@ -520,12 +467,11 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int)
 // AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
 func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	resp := tc.AssertResponseCode(req, expectedStatusCode)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	bytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	bytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to read the response body %s", err)
 	}
@@ -543,7 +489,6 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expe
 // AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
 func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", requestURI, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -555,7 +500,6 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, e
 // AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
 func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", requestURI, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -567,7 +511,6 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int
 // AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", requestURI, requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -582,7 +525,6 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []str
 // AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", requestURI, requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -597,7 +539,6 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []stri
 // AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", requestURI, requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package caddytest
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -33,212 +31,3 @@ func TestReplaceCertificatePaths(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("expected redirect uri to be unchanged")
 	}
 }
 func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"logging": {
 			"logs": {
 				"default": {
 					"level": "DEBUG",
 					"writer": {
 						"output": "stdout"
 					}
 				},
 				"sStdOutLogs": {
 					"level": "DEBUG",
 					"writer": {
 						"output": "stdout"
 					},
 					"include": [
 						"http.*",
 						"admin.*"
 					]
 				},
 				"sFileLogs": {
 					"level": "DEBUG",
 					"writer": {
 						"output": "stdout"
 					},
 					"include": [
 						"http.*",
 						"admin.*"
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"admin": {
 			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
 				"certificate_authorities" : {
 				  "local" : {
 					"install_trust": false
 				  }
 				}
 			},
 			"http": {
 				"http_port": 9080,
 				"https_port": 9443,
 				"servers": {
 					"s_server": {
 						"listen": [
 							":9080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
 								"handle": [
 									{
 										"handler": "static_response",
 										"body": "Hello"
 									}
 								]
 							},
 							{
 								"match": [
 									{
 										"host": [
 											"localhost",
 											"127.0.0.1"
 										]
 									}
 								]
 							}
 						],
 						"logs": {
 							"default_logger_name": "sStdOutLogs",
 							"logger_names": {
 								"localhost": "sStdOutLogs",
 								"127.0.0.1": "sFileLogs"
 							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
  `, "json")
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
 	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
 }
 func TestCheckID(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`{
 		"admin": {
 			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
 				"http_port": 9080,
 				"servers": {
 					"s_server": {
 						"@id": "s_server",
 						"listen": [
 							":9080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
 								"handle": [
 									{
 										"handler": "static_response",
 										"body": "Hello"
 									}
 								]
 							}
 						]
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	`, "json")
 	headers := []string{"Content-Type:application/json"}
 	sServer1 := []byte(`{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"Hello 2"}]}]}`)
 	// PUT to an existing ID should fail with a 409 conflict
 	tester.AssertPutResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer(sServer1),
 		409,
 		`{"error":"[/config/apps/http/servers/s_server] key already exists: s_server"}`+"\n")
 	// POST replaces the object fully
 	tester.AssertPostResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer(sServer1),
 		200,
 		"")
 	// Verify the server is running the new route
 	tester.AssertGetResponse(
 		"http://localhost:9080/",
 		200,
 		"Hello 2")
 	// Update the existing route to ensure IDs are handled correctly when replaced
 	tester.AssertPostResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(`{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"Hello2"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}]}`)),
 		200,
 		"")
 	sServer2 := []byte(`{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"Hello2"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}]}`)
 	// Identical patch should succeed and return 200 (config is unchanged branch)
 	tester.AssertPatchResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer(sServer2),
 		200,
 		"")
 	route2 := []byte(`{"@id":"route2","handle": [{"handler": "static_response","body": "route2"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_2/*"]}]}`)
 	// Put a new route2 object before the route1 object due to the path of /id/route1
 	// Being translated to: /config/apps/http/servers/s_server/routes/0
 	tester.AssertPutResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/route1",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer(route2),
 		200,
 		"")
 	// Verify that the whole config looks correct, now containing both route1 and route2
 	tester.AssertGetResponse(
 		"http://localhost:2999/config/",
 		200,
 		`{"admin":{"listen":"localhost:2999"},"apps":{"http":{"http_port":9080,"servers":{"s_server":{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route2","handle":[{"body":"route2","handler":"static_response"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_2/*"]}]},{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"body":"Hello2","handler":"static_response"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}]}}}}}`+"\n")
 	// Try to add another copy of route2 using POST to test duplicate ID handling
 	// Since the first route2 ended up at array index 0, and we are appending to the array, the index for the new element would be 2
 	tester.AssertPostResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/route2",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer(route2),
 		400,
 		`{"error":"indexing config: duplicate ID 'route2' found at /config/apps/http/servers/s_server/routes/0 and /config/apps/http/servers/s_server/routes/2"}`+"\n")
 	// Use PATCH to modify an existing object successfully
 	tester.AssertPatchResponseBody(
 		"http://localhost:2999/id/route1",
 		headers,
 		bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(`{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"route1"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}`)),
 		200,
 		"")
 	// Verify the PATCH updated the server state
 	tester.AssertGetResponse(
 		"http://localhost:9080/route_1/",
 		200,
 		"route1")
 }
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
 package integration
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 	smallstepacme "github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )
 const acmeChallengePort = 9081
 // Test the basic functionality of Caddy's ACME server
 func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
 		acme_server
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
 			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
 			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core(), zapslog.WithName("acmez"))),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
 		},
 	}
 	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
 	}
 	account := acme.Account{
 		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
 		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
 		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
 	}
 	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	// Every certificate needs a key.
 	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	certs, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"localhost"})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("obtaining certificate: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	// ACME servers should usually give you the entire certificate chain
 	// in PEM format, and sometimes even alternate chains! It's up to you
 	// which one(s) to store and use, but whatever you do, be sure to
 	// store the certificate and key somewhere safe and secure, i.e. don't
 	// lose them!
 	for _, cert := range certs {
 		t.Logf("Certificate %q:\n%s\n\n", cert.URL, cert.ChainPEM)
 	}
 }
 func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
 		acme_server {
 			challenges tls-alpn-01
 		}
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
 			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
 			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core(), zapslog.WithName("acmez"))),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
 		},
 	}
 	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
 	}
 	account := acme.Account{
 		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
 		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
 		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
 	}
 	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	// Every certificate needs a key.
 	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	certs, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"localhost"})
 	if len(certs) > 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected '0' certificates, but received '%d'", len(certs))
 	}
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected errors, but received none")
 	}
 	const expectedErrMsg = "no solvers available for remaining challenges (configured=[http-01] offered=[tls-alpn-01] remaining=[tls-alpn-01])"
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedErrMsg) {
 		t.Errorf(`received error message does not match expectation: expected="%s" received="%s"`, expectedErrMsg, err.Error())
 	}
 }
 // naiveHTTPSolver is a no-op acmez.Solver for example purposes only.
 type naiveHTTPSolver struct {
 	srv    *http.Server
 	logger *zap.Logger
 }
 func (s *naiveHTTPSolver) Present(ctx context.Context, challenge acme.Challenge) error {
 	smallstepacme.InsecurePortHTTP01 = acmeChallengePort
 	s.srv = &http.Server{
 		Addr: fmt.Sprintf(":%d", acmeChallengePort),
 		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.Host)
 			if err != nil {
 				host = r.Host
 			}
 			s.logger.Info("received request on challenge server", zap.String("path", r.URL.Path))
 			if r.Method == "GET" && r.URL.Path == challenge.HTTP01ResourcePath() && strings.EqualFold(host, challenge.Identifier.Value) {
 				w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/plain")
 				w.Write([]byte(challenge.KeyAuthorization))
 				r.Close = true
 				s.logger.Info("served key authentication",
 					zap.String("identifier", challenge.Identifier.Value),
 					zap.String("challenge", "http-01"),
 					zap.String("remote", r.RemoteAddr),
 				)
 			}
 		}),
 	}
 	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", acmeChallengePort))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	s.logger.Info("present challenge", zap.Any("challenge", challenge))
 	go s.srv.Serve(l)
 	return nil
 }
 func (s naiveHTTPSolver) CleanUp(ctx context.Context, challenge acme.Challenge) error {
 	smallstepacme.InsecurePortHTTP01 = 0
 	s.logger.Info("cleanup", zap.Any("challenge", challenge))
 	if s.srv != nil {
 		s.srv.Close()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
 package integration
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"log/slog"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )
 func TestACMEServerDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	acme.localhost:9443 {
 		acme_server
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
 	tester.AssertGetResponse(
 		"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 		200,
 		`{"newNonce":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-nonce","newAccount":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-account","newOrder":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-order","revokeCert":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/revoke-cert","keyChange":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/key-change"}
 `)
 }
 func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
 		acme_server {
 			challenges http-01
 			allow {
 				domains localhost
 			}
 		}
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
 			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
 			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
 		},
 	}
 	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
 	}
 	account := acme.Account{
 		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
 		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
 		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
 	}
 	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	// Every certificate needs a key.
 	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	{
 		certs, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"localhost"})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for allowed domain: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
 		// ACME servers should usually give you the entire certificate chain
 		// in PEM format, and sometimes even alternate chains! It's up to you
 		// which one(s) to store and use, but whatever you do, be sure to
 		// store the certificate and key somewhere safe and secure, i.e. don't
 		// lose them!
 		for _, cert := range certs {
 			t.Logf("Certificate %q:\n%s\n\n", cert.URL, cert.ChainPEM)
 		}
 	}
 	{
 		_, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"not-matching.localhost"})
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for 'not-matching.localhost' domain")
 		} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
 			t.Logf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
 		acme_server {
 			deny {
 				domains deny.localhost
 			}
 		}
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
 			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
 			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
 		},
 	}
 	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
 	}
 	account := acme.Account{
 		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
 		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
 		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
 	}
 	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	// Every certificate needs a key.
 	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	{
 		_, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"deny.localhost"})
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for 'deny.localhost' domain")
 		} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
 			t.Logf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsImplicitPort(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		admin localhost:2999
 		skip_install_trust
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 	}
@@ -27,8 +25,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortSameAsHTTPSPort(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 	}
@@ -43,8 +39,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortDifferentFromHTTPSPort(t *testing.T
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 	}
@@ -59,9 +53,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 {
  "admin": {
 	"listen": "localhost:2999"
  },
  "apps": {
    "http": {
      "http_port": 9080,
@@ -83,13 +74,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
          ]
        }
      }
    },
 	"pki": {
 		"certificate_authorities": {
 			"local": {
 				"install_trust": false
 			}
 		}
    }
  }
 }
@@ -101,8 +85,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAll(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
@@ -126,8 +108,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAllWithNoExplicitHTTPSit
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		admin localhost:2999
 		http_port     9080
 		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
@@ -143,26 +123,3 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAllWithNoExplicitHTTPSit
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://foo.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://baz.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
 }
 func TestAutoHTTPSRedirectSortingExactMatchOverWildcard(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
    {
        skip_install_trust
        admin localhost:2999
        http_port     9080
        https_port    9443
        local_certs
    }
    *.localhost:10443 {
        respond "Wildcard"
    }
    dev.localhost {
        respond "Exact"
    }
  `, "caddyfile")
 	tester.AssertRedirect("http://dev.localhost:9080/", "https://dev.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 	tester.AssertRedirect("http://foo.localhost:9080/", "https://foo.localhost:10443/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
 {
 	acme_dns mock foo
 }
 example.com {
 	respond "Hello World"
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"body": "Hello World",
 													"handler": "static_response"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"tls": {
 			"automation": {
 				"policies": [
 					{
 						"issuers": [
 							{
 								"challenges": {
 									"dns": {
 										"provider": {
 											"argument": "foo",
 											"name": "mock"
 										}
 									}
 								},
 								"module": "acme"
 							}
 						]
 					}
 				]
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
 {
 	dns mock
 	acme_dns
 }
 example.com {
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"tls": {
 			"automation": {
 				"policies": [
 					{
 						"issuers": [
 							{
 								"challenges": {
 									"dns": {}
 								},
 								"module": "acme"
 							}
 						]
 					}
 				]
 			},
 			"dns": {
 				"name": "mock"
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 {
 	acme_dns
 }
 example.com {
 	respond "Hello World"
 }
 ----------
 acme_dns specified without DNS provider config, but no provider specified with 'dns' global option
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca custom-ca {
 			name "Custom CA"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca custom-ca
 		challenges dns-01
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "custom-ca",
 													"challenges": [
 														"dns-01"
 													],
 													"handler": "acme_server"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"custom-ca": {
 					"name": "Custom CA"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca custom-ca {
 			name "Custom CA"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca custom-ca
 		challenges
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "custom-ca",
 													"handler": "acme_server"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"custom-ca": {
 					"name": "Custom CA"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca internal {
 			name "Internal"
 			root_cn "Internal Root Cert"
 			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert"
 		}
 		ca internal-long-lived {
 			name "Long-lived"
 			root_cn "Internal Root Cert 2"
 			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert 2"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme-internal.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca internal
 	}
 }
 acme-long-lived.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca internal-long-lived
 		lifetime 7d
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme-long-lived.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "internal-long-lived",
 													"handler": "acme_server",
 													"lifetime": 604800000000000
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						},
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme-internal.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "internal",
 													"handler": "acme_server"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"internal": {
 					"name": "Internal",
 					"root_common_name": "Internal Root Cert",
 					"intermediate_common_name": "Internal Intermediate Cert"
 				},
 				"internal-long-lived": {
 					"name": "Long-lived",
 					"root_common_name": "Internal Root Cert 2",
 					"intermediate_common_name": "Internal Intermediate Cert 2"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca custom-ca {
 			name "Custom CA"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca custom-ca
 		challenges dns-01 http-01
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "custom-ca",
 													"challenges": [
 														"dns-01",
 														"http-01"
 													],
 													"handler": "acme_server"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"custom-ca": {
 					"name": "Custom CA"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca custom-ca {
 			name "Custom CA"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca custom-ca
 		allow {
 			domains host-1.internal.example.com host-2.internal.example.com
 		}
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "custom-ca",
 													"handler": "acme_server",
 													"policy": {
 														"allow": {
 															"domains": [
 																"host-1.internal.example.com",
 																"host-2.internal.example.com"
 															]
 														}
 													}
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"custom-ca": {
 					"name": "Custom CA"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca custom-ca {
 			name "Custom CA"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca custom-ca
 		allow {
 			domains host-1.internal.example.com host-2.internal.example.com
 		}
 		deny {
 			domains dc.internal.example.com
 		}
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "custom-ca",
 													"handler": "acme_server",
 													"policy": {
 														"allow": {
 															"domains": [
 																"host-1.internal.example.com",
 																"host-2.internal.example.com"
 															]
 														},
 														"deny": {
 															"domains": [
 																"dc.internal.example.com"
 															]
 														}
 													}
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"custom-ca": {
 					"name": "Custom CA"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca custom-ca {
 			name "Custom CA"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca custom-ca
 		deny {
 			domains dc.internal.example.com
 		}
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "custom-ca",
 													"handler": "acme_server",
 													"policy": {
 														"deny": {
 															"domains": [
 																"dc.internal.example.com"
 															]
 														}
 													}
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"custom-ca": {
 					"name": "Custom CA"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
 {
 	pki {
 		ca internal {
 			name "Internal"
 			root_cn "Internal Root Cert"
 			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert"
 		}
 	}
 }
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca internal
 		sign_with_root
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"acme.example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"ca": "internal",
 													"handler": "acme_server",
 													"sign_with_root": true
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"pki": {
 			"certificate_authorities": {
 				"internal": {
 					"name": "Internal",
 					"root_common_name": "Internal Root Cert",
 					"intermediate_common_name": "Internal Intermediate Cert"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
 example.com
 handle {
 	respond "one"
 }
 example.com
 handle {
 	respond "two"
 }
 ----------
 Caddyfile:6: unrecognized directive: example.com
 Did you mean to define a second site? If so, you must use curly braces around each site to separate their configurations.
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 :8080 {
 	respond "one"
 }
 :8080 {
 	respond "two"
 }
 ----------
 ambiguous site definition: :8080
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
 {
 	auto_https disable_redirects
 	admin off
 }
 http://localhost {
 	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD} {
 		protocols h1
 	}
 	log
 	respond "Hello, HTTP!"
 }
 https://localhost {
 	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD} {
 		protocols h1 h2
 	}
 	bind fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD} {
 		protocols h3
 	}
 	log
 	respond "Hello, HTTPS!"
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"admin": {
 		"disabled": true
 	},
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD}",
 						"fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD}"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"localhost"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"body": "Hello, HTTPS!",
 													"handler": "static_response"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					],
 					"automatic_https": {
 						"disable_redirects": true
 					},
 					"logs": {
 						"logger_names": {
 							"localhost": [
 								""
 							]
 						}
 					},
 					"listen_protocols": [
 						[
 							"h1",
 							"h2"
 						],
 						[
 							"h3"
 						]
 					]
 				},
 				"srv1": {
 					"automatic_https": {
 						"disable_redirects": true
 					}
 				},
 				"srv2": {
 					"listen": [
 						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD}"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"localhost"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"body": "Hello, HTTP!",
 													"handler": "static_response"
 												}
 											]
 										}
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					],
 					"automatic_https": {
 						"disable_redirects": true,
 						"skip": [
 							"localhost"
 						]
 					},
 					"logs": {
 						"logger_names": {
 							"localhost": [
 								""
 							]
 						}
 					},
 					"listen_protocols": [
 						[
 							"h1"
 						]
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
 example.com {
 	bind tcp6/[::]
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						"tcp6/[::]:443"
 					],
 					"routes": [
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
 									"host": [
 										"example.com"
 									]
 								}
 							],
 							"terminal": true
 						}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 handle
 respond "should not work"
 ----------
 Caddyfile:1: parsed 'handle' as a site address, but it is a known directive; directives must appear in a site block
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
 {
 	servers {
 		srv0 {
 			listen :8080
 		}
 		srv1 {
 			listen :8080
 		}
 	}
 }
 ----------
 parsing caddyfile tokens for 'servers': unrecognized servers option 'srv0', at Caddyfile:3
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
 :8443 {
 	tls internal {
 		on_demand
 	}
 }
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
 		"http": {
 			"servers": {
 				"srv0": {
 					"listen": [
 						":8443"
 					],
 					"tls_connection_policies": [
 						{}
 					]
 				}
 			}
 		},
 		"tls": {
 			"automation": {
 				"policies": [
 					{
 						"issuers": [
 							{
 								"module": "internal"
 							}
 						],
 						"on_demand": true
 					}
 				]
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ encode gzip zstd {
 		header Content-Type application/xhtml+xml*
 		header Content-Type application/atom+xml*
 		header Content-Type application/rss+xml*
 		header Content-Type application/wasm*
 		header Content-Type image/svg+xml*
 	}
 }
@@ -21,8 +20,6 @@ encode {
 	zstd
 	gzip 5
 }
 encode
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -50,7 +47,6 @@ encode
 												"application/xhtml+xml*",
 												"application/atom+xml*",
 												"application/rss+xml*",
 												"application/wasm*",
 												"image/svg+xml*"
 											]
 										},
@@ -78,17 +74,6 @@ encode
 										"zstd",
 										"gzip"
 									]
 								},
 								{
 									"encodings": {
 										"gzip": {},
 										"zstd": {}
 									},
 									"handler": "encode",
 									"prefer": [
 										"zstd",
 										"gzip"
 									]
 								}
 							]
 						}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Francis Lavoie	5968ebd0f4	reverseproxy: Add support for specifying IDs in Caddyfile	2021-09-13 00:21:54 -04:00
Francis Lavoie	a5f4fae145	reverseproxy: Add ID field for upstreams	2021-09-12 23:50:04 -04:00