Change except clauses to use the cleaner as keyword

src/calibre/devices/prs500/cli/main.py

@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ def main():
                     outfile = os.path.join(outfile, path[path.rfind("/")+1:])
                 try:
                     outfile = open(outfile, "wb")
-                except IOError, e:
+                except IOError as e:
                     print >> sys.stderr, e
                     parser.print_help()
                     return 1
@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ def main():
             elif args[1].startswith("prs500:"):
                 try:
                     infile = open(args[0], "rb")
-                except IOError, e:
+                except IOError as e:
                     print >> sys.stderr, e
                     parser.print_help()
                     return 1
                 try:
                     dev.put_file(infile, args[1][7:])
-                except PathError, err:
+                except PathError as err:
                     if options.force and 'exists' in str(err):
                         dev.del_file(err.path, False)
                         dev.put_file(infile, args[1][7:])
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ def main():
             return 1
     except DeviceLocked:
         print >> sys.stderr, "The device is locked. Use the --unlock option"
-    except (ArgumentError, DeviceError), e:
+    except (ArgumentError, DeviceError) as e:
         print >>sys.stderr, e
         return 1
     return 0

src/calibre/devices/prs500/driver.py

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class PRS500(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
                         dev.send_validated_command(BeginEndSession(end=True))
                         dev.in_session = False
                     raise
-                except USBError, err:
+                except USBError as err:
                     if "No such device" in str(err):
                         raise DeviceError()
                     elif "Connection timed out" in str(err):
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ class PRS500(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
                 self.bulk_read_max_packet_size = red.MaxPacketSize
                 self.bulk_write_max_packet_size = wed.MaxPacketSize
                 self.handle.claim_interface(self.INTERFACE_ID)
-            except USBError, err:
+            except USBError as err:
                 raise DeviceBusy(str(err))
             # Large timeout as device may still be initializing
             res = self.send_validated_command(GetUSBProtocolVersion(), timeout=20000)
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class PRS500(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
             try:
                 self.handle.reset()
                 self.handle.release_interface(self.INTERFACE_ID)
-            except Exception, err:
+            except Exception as err:
                 print >> sys.stderr, err
             self.handle, self.device = None, None
             self.in_session = False
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ class PRS500(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
                 outfile.write("".join(map(chr, packets[0][16:])))
                 for i in range(1, len(packets)):
                     outfile.write("".join(map(chr, packets[i])))
-            except IOError, err:
+            except IOError as err:
                 self.send_validated_command(FileClose(_id))
                 raise ArgumentError("File get operation failed. " + \
                             "Could not write to local location: " + str(err))
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ class PRS500(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
         dest = None
         try:
             dest = self.path_properties(path, end_session=False)
-        except PathError, err:
+        except PathError as err:
             if "does not exist" in str(err) or "not mounted" in str(err):
                 return (False, None)
             else: raise

src/calibre/devices/usbms/device.py

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class Device(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
         try:
             sectors_per_cluster, bytes_per_sector, free_clusters, total_clusters = \
                 win32file.GetDiskFreeSpace(prefix)
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             if getattr(err, 'args', [None])[0] == 21: # Disk not ready
                 time.sleep(3)
                 sectors_per_cluster, bytes_per_sector, free_clusters, total_clusters = \
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ class Device(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
         for d in drives:
             try:
                 eject(d)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 print 'Udisks eject call for:', d, 'failed:'
                 print '\t', e
                 failures = True

src/calibre/ebooks/__init__.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class HTMLRenderer(object):
             buf.open(QBuffer.WriteOnly)
             image.save(buf, 'JPEG')
             self.data = str(ba.data())
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.traceback = traceback.format_exc()
         finally:

src/calibre/ebooks/epub/fix/container.py

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class Container(object):
         if name in self.mime_map:
             try:
                 raw = self._parse(raw, self.mime_map[name])
-            except XMLSyntaxError, err:
+            except XMLSyntaxError as err:
                 raise ParseError(name, unicode(err))
         self.cache[name] = raw
         return raw

src/calibre/ebooks/epub/fix/main.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def main(args=sys.argv):
     epub = os.path.abspath(args[1])
     try:
         run(epub, opts, default_log)
-    except ParseError, err:
+    except ParseError as err:
         default_log.error(unicode(err))
         raise SystemExit(1)
 

src/calibre/ebooks/html/input.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class HTMLFile(object):
         try:
             with open(self.path, 'rb') as f:
                 src = f.read()
-        except IOError, err:
+        except IOError as err:
             msg = 'Could not read from file: %s with error: %s'%(self.path, as_unicode(err))
             if level == 0:
                 raise IOError(msg)
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ def traverse(path_to_html_file, max_levels=sys.maxint, verbose=0, encoding=None)
                         raise IgnoreFile('%s is a binary file'%nf.path, -1)
                     nl.append(nf)
                     flat.append(nf)
-                except IgnoreFile, err:
+                except IgnoreFile as err:
                     rejects.append(link)
                     if not err.doesnt_exist or verbose > 1:
                         print repr(err)

src/calibre/ebooks/lrf/html/convert_from.py

@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
             soup = BeautifulSoup(raw,
                          convertEntities=BeautifulSoup.XHTML_ENTITIES,
                          markupMassage=nmassage)
-        except ConversionError, err:
+        except ConversionError as err:
             if 'Failed to coerce to unicode' in str(err):
                 raw = unicode(raw, 'utf8', 'replace')
                 soup = BeautifulSoup(raw,
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
 
         try:
             im = PILImage.open(path)
-        except IOError, err:
+        except IOError as err:
             self.log.warning('Unable to process image: %s\n%s'%( original_path, err))
             return
         encoding = detect_encoding(im)
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
                 pt.close()
                 self.scaled_images[path] = pt
                 return pt.name
-            except (IOError, SystemError), err: # PIL chokes on interlaced PNG images as well a some GIF images
+            except (IOError, SystemError) as err: # PIL chokes on interlaced PNG images as well a some GIF images
                 self.log.warning(_('Unable to process image %s. Error: %s')%(path, err))
 
         if width == None or height == None:
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
         if not self.images.has_key(path):
             try:
                 self.images[path] = ImageStream(path, encoding=encoding)
-            except LrsError, err:
+            except LrsError as err:
                 self.log.warning(_('Could not process image: %s\n%s')%(
                     original_path, err))
                 return
@@ -1768,7 +1768,7 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
                     tag_css = self.tag_css(tag)[0] # Table should not inherit CSS
                     try:
                         self.process_table(tag, tag_css)
-                    except Exception, err:
+                    except Exception as err:
                         self.log.warning(_('An error occurred while processing a table: %s. Ignoring table markup.')%repr(err))
                         self.log.exception('')
                         self.log.debug(_('Bad table:\n%s')%unicode(tag)[:300])
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ def process_file(path, options, logger):
                 tf.close()
                 tim.save(tf.name)
                 tpath = tf.name
-            except IOError, err: # PIL sometimes fails, for example on interlaced PNG files
+            except IOError as err: # PIL sometimes fails, for example on interlaced PNG files
                 logger.warn(_('Could not read cover image: %s'), err)
                 options.cover = None
         else:

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/amazon.py

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def _get_cover_url(br, asin):
     q = 'http://amzn.com/'+asin
     try:
         raw = br.open_novisit(q).read()
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                 e.getcode() == 404:
             return None
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def get_metadata(br, asin, mi):
     q = 'http://amzn.com/'+asin
     try:
         raw = br.open_novisit(q).read()
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                 e.getcode() == 404:
             return False

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/amazonfr.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AmazonFr(MetadataSource):
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose, lang='fr')
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class AmazonEs(MetadataSource):
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose, lang='es')
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class AmazonEn(MetadataSource):
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose, lang='en')
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class AmazonDe(MetadataSource):
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose, lang='de')
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class Amazon(MetadataSource):
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose, lang='all')
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class Query(object):
 
         try:
             raw = browser.open_novisit(self.urldata, timeout=timeout).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             report(verbose)
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class Query(object):
                 try:
                     urldata = self.urldata + '&page=' + str(i)
                     raw = browser.open_novisit(urldata, timeout=timeout).read()
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     continue
                 if '<title>404 - ' in raw:
                     continue
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
     def get_individual_metadata(self, browser, linkdata, verbose):
         try:
             raw = browser.open_novisit(linkdata).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             report(verbose)
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                 # self.clean_entry(entry, invalid_id=inv_ids)
                 title = self.get_title(entry)
                 authors = self.get_authors(entry)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 if verbose:
                     print 'Failed to get all details for an entry'
                     print e

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/covers.py

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class OpenLibraryCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
             br.open_novisit(HeadRequest(self.OPENLIBRARY%mi.isbn), timeout=timeout)
             self.debug('cover for', mi.isbn, 'found')
             ans.set()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and e.getcode() == 302:
                 self.debug('cover for', mi.isbn, 'found')
                 ans.set()
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class OpenLibraryCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
         try:
             ans = br.open(self.OPENLIBRARY%mi.isbn, timeout=timeout).read()
             result_queue.put((True, ans, 'jpg', self.name))
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and e.getcode() == 404:
                 result_queue.put((False, _('ISBN: %s not found')%mi.isbn, '', self.name))
             else:
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class AmazonCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
             get_cover_url(mi.isbn, br)
             self.debug('cover for', mi.isbn, 'found')
             ans.set()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.debug(e)
 
     def get_covers(self, mi, result_queue, abort, timeout=5.):
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class AmazonCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
                 raise ValueError('No cover found for ISBN: %s'%mi.isbn)
             cover_data = br.open_novisit(url).read()
             result_queue.put((True, cover_data, 'jpg', self.name))
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             result_queue.put((False, self.exception_to_string(e),
                 traceback.format_exc(), self.name))
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class DoubanCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
         try:
             url = self.DOUBAN_ISBN_URL + isbn + "?apikey=" + self.CALIBRE_DOUBAN_API_KEY
             src = br.open(url, timeout=timeout).read()
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             if isinstance(getattr(err, 'args', [None])[0], socket.timeout):
                 err = Exception(_('Douban.com API timed out. Try again later.'))
             raise err
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class DoubanCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
             if self.get_cover_url(mi.isbn, br, timeout=timeout) != None:
                 self.debug('cover for', mi.isbn, 'found')
                 ans.set()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.debug(e)
 
     def get_covers(self, mi, result_queue, abort, timeout=5.):
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class DoubanCovers(CoverDownload): # {{{
             url = self.get_cover_url(mi.isbn, br, timeout=timeout)
             cover_data = br.open_novisit(url).read()
             result_queue.put((True, cover_data, 'jpg', self.name))
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             result_queue.put((False, self.exception_to_string(e),
                 traceback.format_exc(), self.name))
 # }}}

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/douban.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class DoubanBooks(MetadataSource):
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10,
                                   verbose=self.verbose)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                 raw = browser.open(id_url).read()
                 feed = etree.fromstring(raw)
                 x = entry(feed)[0]
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 if verbose:
                     print 'Failed to get all details for an entry'
                     print e

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/fetch.py

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class MetadataSource(Plugin): # {{{
                             traceback.print_exc()
                             mi.comments = None
 
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class GoogleBooks(MetadataSource): # {{{
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10,
                                   verbose=self.verbose)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class ISBNDB(MetadataSource): # {{{
         try:
             opts, args = option_parser().parse_args(args)
             self.results = create_books(opts, args)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class Amazon(MetadataSource): # {{{
         try:
             self.results = get_social_metadata(self.title, self.book_author,
                     self.publisher, self.isbn)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class KentDistrictLibrary(MetadataSource): # {{{
         from calibre.ebooks.metadata.kdl import get_series
         try:
             self.results = get_series(self.title, self.book_author)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             import traceback
             traceback.print_exc()
             self.exception = e

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/fictionwise.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Fictionwise(MetadataSource): # {{{
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                 self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class Query(object):
 
         try:
             raw = browser.open_novisit(self.BASE_URL, self.urldata, timeout=timeout).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             report(verbose)
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
     def get_individual_metadata(self, browser, linkdata, verbose):
         try:
             raw = browser.open_novisit(self.BASE_URL + linkdata).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             report(verbose)
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                 #maybe strenghten the search
                 ratings =  self.get_rating(entry.xpath("./p/table")[1], verbose)
                 authors = self.get_authors(entry)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 if verbose:
                     print _('Failed to get all details for an entry')
                     print e
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                     #maybe strenghten the search
                     ratings =  self.get_rating(entry.xpath("./p/table")[1], verbose)
                     authors = self.get_authors(entry)
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     if verbose:
                         print _('Failed to get all details for an entry')
                         print e

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/google_books.py

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                 raw = browser.open(id_url).read()
                 feed = etree.fromstring(raw)
                 x = entry(feed)[0]
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 if verbose:
                     print 'Failed to get all details for an entry'
                     print e

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/imp.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def get_metadata(stream):
             mi.author = author
         if category:
             mi.category = category
-    except Exception, err:
+    except Exception as err:
         msg = u'Couldn\'t read metadata from imp: %s with error %s'%(mi.title, unicode(err))
         print >>sys.stderr, msg.encode('utf8')
     return mi

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/isbndb.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def fetch_metadata(url, max=3, timeout=5.):
     while len(books) < total_results and max > 0:
         try:
             raw = br.open(url, timeout=timeout).read()
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             raise ISBNDBError('Could not fetch ISBNDB metadata. Error: '+str(err))
         soup = BeautifulStoneSoup(raw,
                 convertEntities=BeautifulStoneSoup.XML_ENTITIES)

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/kdl.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def get_series(title, authors, timeout=60):
     br = browser()
     try:
         raw = br.open_novisit(url, timeout=timeout).read()
-    except URLError, e:
+    except URLError as e:
         if isinstance(e.reason, socket.timeout):
             raise Exception('KDL Server busy, try again later')
         raise

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/library_thing.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def check_for_cover(isbn, timeout=5.):
     try:
         br.open_novisit(HeadRequest(OPENLIBRARY%isbn), timeout=timeout)
         return True
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and e.getcode() == 302:
             return True
     return False

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/nicebooks.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class NiceBooks(MetadataSource):
         try:
             self.results = search(self.title, self.book_author, self.publisher,
                                   self.isbn, max_results=10, verbose=self.verbose)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class NiceBooksCovers(CoverDownload):
             if Covers(mi.isbn)(entry).check_cover():
                 self.debug('cover for', mi.isbn, 'found')
                 ans.set()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.debug(e)
 
     def get_covers(self, mi, result_queue, abort, timeout=5.):
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class NiceBooksCovers(CoverDownload):
             if not ext:
                 ext = 'jpg'
             result_queue.put((True, cover_data, ext, self.name))
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             result_queue.put((False, self.exception_to_string(e),
                 traceback.format_exc(), self.name))
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class Query(object):
 
         try:
             raw = browser.open_novisit(self.BASE_URL+self.urldata, timeout=timeout).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             report(verbose)
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class Query(object):
                 try:
                     urldata = self.urldata + '&p=' + str(i)
                     raw = browser.open_novisit(self.BASE_URL+urldata, timeout=timeout).read()
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     continue
                 if '<title>404 - ' in raw:
                     continue
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
     def get_individual_metadata(self, browser, linkdata, verbose):
         try:
             raw = browser.open_novisit(self.BASE_URL + linkdata).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             report(verbose)
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                 entry = entry.find("div[@id='book-info']")
                 title = self.get_title(entry)
                 authors = self.get_authors(entry)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 if verbose:
                     print 'Failed to get all details for an entry'
                     print e
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class ResultList(list):
                     entry = entry.find("div[@id='book-info']")
                     title = self.get_title(entry)
                     authors = self.get_authors(entry)
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     if verbose:
                         print 'Failed to get all details for an entry'
                         print e
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class Covers(object):
             cover, ext = browser.open_novisit(self.urlimg, timeout=timeout).read(), \
                 self.urlimg.rpartition('.')[-1]
             return cover, ext if ext else 'jpg'
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             if isinstance(getattr(err, 'args', [None])[0], socket.timeout):
                 raise NiceBooksError(_('Nicebooks timed out. Try again later.'))
             if not len(self.urlimg):

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/rb.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def get_metadata(stream):
             elif key.strip() == 'AUTHOR':
                 mi.author = value
                 mi.authors = string_to_authors(value)
-    except Exception, err:
+    except Exception as err:
         msg = u'Couldn\'t read metadata from rb: %s with error %s'%(mi.title, unicode(err))
         print >>sys.stderr, msg.encode('utf8')
         raise

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/sources/amazon.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class Worker(Thread): # {{{
     def get_details(self):
         try:
             raw = self.browser.open_novisit(self.url, timeout=self.timeout).read().strip()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
                 self.log.error('URL malformed: %r'%self.url)
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class Amazon(Source):
         br = self.browser
         try:
             raw = br.open_novisit(query, timeout=timeout).read().strip()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             if callable(getattr(e, 'getcode', None)) and \
                     e.getcode() == 404:
                 log.error('Query malformed: %r'%query)

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/sources/google.py

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class GoogleBooks(Source):
         br = self.browser
         try:
             raw = br.open_novisit(query, timeout=timeout).read()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             log.exception('Failed to make identify query: %r'%query)
             return as_unicode(e)
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class GoogleBooks(Source):
             feed = etree.fromstring(xml_to_unicode(clean_ascii_chars(raw),
                 strip_encoding_pats=True)[0], parser=parser)
             entries = entry(feed)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             log.exception('Failed to parse identify results')
             return as_unicode(e)
 

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/toc.py

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class TOC(list):
                 if path and os.access(path, os.R_OK):
                     try:
                         self.read_ncx_toc(path)
-                    except Exception, err:
+                    except Exception as err:
                         print 'WARNING: Invalid NCX file:', err
                     return
                 cwd = os.path.abspath(self.base_path)

src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/base.py

@@ -884,13 +884,13 @@ class Manifest(object):
             def first_pass(data):
                 try:
                     data = etree.fromstring(data, parser=parser)
-                except etree.XMLSyntaxError, err:
+                except etree.XMLSyntaxError as err:
                     self.oeb.log.exception('Initial parse failed:')
                     repl = lambda m: ENTITYDEFS.get(m.group(1), m.group(0))
                     data = ENTITY_RE.sub(repl, data)
                     try:
                         data = etree.fromstring(data, parser=parser)
-                    except etree.XMLSyntaxError, err:
+                    except etree.XMLSyntaxError as err:
                         self.oeb.logger.warn('Parsing file %r as HTML' % self.href)
                         if err.args and err.args[0].startswith('Excessive depth'):
                             from lxml.html import soupparser

src/calibre/ebooks/pdf/manipulate/decrypt.py

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def main(args=sys.argv, name=''):
 
     try:
         decrypt(args[0], opts.output, args[1])
-    except DecryptionError, e:
+    except DecryptionError as e:
         print e.value
         return 1
 

src/calibre/ebooks/pdf/pdftohtml.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def pdftohtml(output_dir, pdf_path, no_images):
         try:
             p = popen(cmd, stderr=logf._fd, stdout=logf._fd,
                     stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
-        except OSError, err:
+        except OSError as err:
             if err.errno == 2:
                 raise ConversionError(_('Could not find pdftohtml, check it is in your PATH'))
             else:
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def pdftohtml(output_dir, pdf_path, no_images):
             try:
                 ret = p.wait()
                 break
-            except OSError, e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 if e.errno == errno.EINTR:
                     continue
                 else:

src/calibre/ebooks/rtf/input.py

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class RTFInput(InputFormatPlugin):
         self.log('Converting RTF to XML...')
         try:
             xml = self.generate_xml(stream.name)
-        except RtfInvalidCodeException, e:
+        except RtfInvalidCodeException as e:
             raise ValueError(_('This RTF file has a feature calibre does not '
             'support. Convert it to HTML first and then try it.\n%s')%e)
 

src/calibre/ebooks/snb/snbfile.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class SNBFile:
                                 uncompressedData += bzdc.decompress(data)
                             else:
                                 uncompressedData += data
-                        except Exception, e:
+                        except Exception as e:
                             print e
                 if len(uncompressedData) != self.plainStreamSizeUncompressed:
                     raise Exception()

src/calibre/gui2/actions/copy_to_library.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Worker(Thread):
     def run(self):
         try:
             self.doit()
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             import traceback
             try:
                 err = unicode(err)

src/calibre/gui2/add.py

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class RecursiveFind(QThread): # {{{
                 if isinstance(root, unicode):
                     root = root.encode(filesystem_encoding)
                 self.walk(root)
-            except Exception, err:
+            except Exception as err:
                 import traceback
                 traceback.print_exc()
                 try:

src/calibre/gui2/convert/metadata.py

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class MetadataWidget(Widget, Ui_Form):
             try:
                 cf = open(_file, "rb")
                 cover = cf.read()
-            except IOError, e:
+            except IOError as e:
                 d = error_dialog(self.parent(), _('Error reading file'),
                         _("<p>There was an error reading from file: <br /><b>") + _file + "</b></p><br />"+str(e))
                 d.exec_()

src/calibre/gui2/convert/search_and_replace.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class SearchAndReplaceWidget(Widget, Ui_Form):
             try:
                 pat = unicode(x.regex)
                 re.compile(pat)
-            except Exception, err:
+            except Exception as err:
                 error_dialog(self, _('Invalid regular expression'),
                              _('Invalid regular expression: %s')%err, show=True)
                 return False

src/calibre/gui2/device.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class DeviceJob(BaseJob): # {{{
             self.result = self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
             if self._aborted:
                 return
-        except (Exception, SystemExit), err:
+        except (Exception, SystemExit) as err:
             if self._aborted:
                 return
             self.failed = True
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class DeviceManager(Thread): # {{{
                 dev.reset(detected_device=detected_device,
                     report_progress=self.report_progress)
                 dev.open(self.current_library_uuid)
-            except OpenFeedback, e:
+            except OpenFeedback as e:
                 if dev not in self.ejected_devices:
                     self.open_feedback_msg(dev.get_gui_name(), e.feedback_msg)
                     self.ejected_devices.add(dev)

src/calibre/gui2/device_drivers/configwidget.py

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class ConfigWidget(QWidget, Ui_ConfigWidget):
         try:
             validation_formatter.validate(tmpl)
             return True
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             error_dialog(self, _('Invalid template'),
                     '<p>'+_('The template %s is invalid:')%tmpl + \
                     '<br>'+unicode(err), show=True)

src/calibre/gui2/dialogs/check_library.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class DBCheck(QDialog): # {{{
                 self.start_load()
                 return
             QTimer.singleShot(0, self.do_one_dump)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             import traceback
             self.error = (as_unicode(e), traceback.format_exc())
             self.reject()
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class DBCheck(QDialog): # {{{
             self.conn.commit()
 
             QTimer.singleShot(0, self.do_one_load)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             import traceback
             self.error = (as_unicode(e), traceback.format_exc())
             self.reject()
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class DBCheck(QDialog): # {{{
                 self.pb.setValue(self.pb.value() + 1)
                 self.count -= 1
                 QTimer.singleShot(0, self.do_one_load)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 import traceback
                 self.error = (as_unicode(e), traceback.format_exc())
                 self.reject()

src/calibre/gui2/dialogs/metadata_bulk.py

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class MyBlockingBusy(QDialog): # {{{
             self.msg.setText(self.msg_text.format(self.phases[self.current_phase],
                                         percent))
             self.do_one(id)
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             import traceback
             try:
                 err = unicode(err)

src/calibre/gui2/dialogs/metadata_single.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class CoverFetcher(Thread): # {{{
 
             self.cover_data, self.errors = download_cover(mi,
                     timeout=self.timeout)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.traceback = traceback.format_exc()
             print self.traceback
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class MetadataSingleDialog(ResizableDialog, Ui_MetadataSingleDialog):
             try:
                 cf = open(_file, "rb")
                 cover = cf.read()
-            except IOError, e:
+            except IOError as e:
                 d = error_dialog(self, _('Error reading file'),
                         _("<p>There was an error reading from file: <br /><b>") + _file + "</b></p><br />"+str(e))
                 d.exec_()

src/calibre/gui2/dialogs/user_profiles.py

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class %(classname)s(%(base_class)s):
 
             try:
                 compile_recipe(src)
-            except Exception, err:
+            except Exception as err:
                 error_dialog(self, _('Invalid input'),
                         _('<p>Could not create recipe. Error:<br>%s')%str(err)).exec_()
                 return
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class %(classname)s(%(base_class)s):
             src = unicode(self.source_code.toPlainText())
             try:
                 title = compile_recipe(src).title
-            except Exception, err:
+            except Exception as err:
                 error_dialog(self, _('Invalid input'),
                         _('<p>Could not create recipe. Error:<br>%s')%str(err)).exec_()
                 return
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class %(classname)s(%(base_class)s):
             try:
                 profile = open(file, 'rb').read().decode('utf-8')
                 title = compile_recipe(profile).title
-            except Exception, err:
+            except Exception as err:
                 error_dialog(self, _('Invalid input'),
                         _('<p>Could not create recipe. Error:<br>%s')%str(err)).exec_()
                 return

src/calibre/gui2/dnd.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Worker(Thread): # {{{
         try:
             br = browser()
             br.retrieve(self.url, self.fpath, self.callback)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.err = as_unicode(e)
             import traceback
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()

src/calibre/gui2/email.py

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Emailer(Thread): # {{{
                 try:
                     self.sendmail(job)
                     break
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     if not self._run:
                         return
                     import traceback

src/calibre/gui2/library/delegates.py

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ class CcTemplateDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate): # {{{
         val = unicode(editor.textbox.toPlainText())
         try:
             validation_formatter.validate(val)
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             error_dialog(self.parent(), _('Invalid template'),
                     '<p>'+_('The template %s is invalid:')%val + \
                     '<br>'+str(err), show=True)

src/calibre/gui2/lrf_renderer/main.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class RenderWorker(QThread):
             self.stream = None
             if self.aborted:
                 self.lrf = None
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             self.lrf, self.stream = None, None
             self.exception = err
             self.formatted_traceback = traceback.format_exc()

src/calibre/gui2/main.py

@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ def main(args=sys.argv):
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     try:
         sys.exit(main())
-    except Exception, err:
+    except Exception as err:
         if not iswindows: raise
         tb = traceback.format_exc()
         from PyQt4.QtGui import QErrorMessage

src/calibre/gui2/metadata/basic_widgets.py

@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ class Cover(ImageView): # {{{
             try:
                 cf = open(_file, "rb")
                 cover = cf.read()
-            except IOError, e:
+            except IOError as e:
                 d = error_dialog(self, _('Error reading file'),
                         _("<p>There was an error reading from file: <br /><b>")
                         + _file + "</b></p><br />"+str(e))

src/calibre/gui2/metadata/bulk_download.py

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class DownloadMetadata(Thread):
     def run(self):
         try:
             self._run()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
             self.tb = traceback.format_exc()
 

src/calibre/gui2/metadata/single.py

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class MetadataSingleDialogBase(ResizableDialog):
                     return False
                 self.books_to_refresh |= getattr(widget, 'books_to_refresh',
                         set([]))
-            except IOError, err:
+            except IOError as err:
                 if err.errno == 13: # Permission denied
                     import traceback
                     fname = err.filename if err.filename else 'file'

src/calibre/gui2/notify.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class DBUSNotifier(Notifier):
             import dbus
             self.dbus = dbus
             self._notify = dbus.Interface(dbus.SessionBus().get_object(server, path), interface)
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             self.ok = False
             self.err = str(err)
 

src/calibre/gui2/preferences/plugboard.py

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class ConfigWidget(ConfigWidgetBase, Ui_Form):
                 if d != 0:
                     try:
                         validation_formatter.validate(s)
-                    except Exception, err:
+                    except Exception as err:
                         error_dialog(self, _('Invalid template'),
                                 '<p>'+_('The template %s is invalid:')%s + \
                                 '<br>'+str(err), show=True)

src/calibre/gui2/preferences/save_template.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class SaveTemplate(QWidget, Ui_Form):
                 return question_dialog(self, _('Constant template'),
                     _('The template contains no {fields}, so all '
                       'books will have the same name. Is this OK?'))
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             error_dialog(self, _('Invalid template'),
                     '<p>'+_('The template %s is invalid:')%tmpl + \
                     '<br>'+str(err), show=True)

src/calibre/gui2/viewer/dictionary.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class Lookup(QThread):
     def run(self):
         try:
             self.define()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             import traceback
             self.exception = e
             self.traceback = traceback.format_exc()

src/calibre/gui2/widgets.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class FilenamePattern(QWidget, Ui_Form):
     def do_test(self):
         try:
             pat = self.pattern()
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             error_dialog(self, _('Invalid regular expression'),
                          _('Invalid regular expression: %s')%err).exec_()
             return

src/calibre/gui2/wizard/__init__.py

@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ def move_library(oldloc, newloc, parent, callback_on_complete):
         # Try to load existing library at new location
         try:
             LibraryDatabase2(newloc)
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             det = traceback.format_exc()
             error_dialog(parent, _('Invalid database'),
                 _('<p>An invalid library already exists at '
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ def move_library(oldloc, newloc, parent, callback_on_complete):
         else:
             callback(newloc)
             return
-    except Exception, err:
+    except Exception as err:
         det = traceback.format_exc()
         error_dialog(parent, _('Could not move library'),
                 unicode(err), det, show=True)

src/calibre/library/server/base.py

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class LibraryServer(ContentServer, MobileServer, XMLServer, OPDSServer, Cache,
             #    cherrypy.engine.signal_handler.subscribe()
 
             cherrypy.engine.block()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             self.exception = e
         finally:
             self.is_running = False

src/calibre/library/server/content.py

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class ContentServer(object):
                 return cover
             return save_cover_data_to(img, 'img.jpg', return_data=True,
                     resize_to=(width, height))
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             import traceback
             cherrypy.log.error('Failed to generate cover:')
             cherrypy.log.error(traceback.print_exc())

src/calibre/library/server/main.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def daemonize(stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null', stderr='/dev/null'):
         if pid > 0:
             # exit first parent
             sys.exit(0)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
         print >>sys.stderr, "fork #1 failed: %d (%s)" % (e.errno, e.strerror)
         sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def daemonize(stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null', stderr='/dev/null'):
         if pid > 0:
             # exit from second parent
             sys.exit(0)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
         print >>sys.stderr, "fork #2 failed: %d (%s)" % (e.errno, e.strerror)
         sys.exit(1)
 

src/calibre/library/sqlite.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def load_c_extensions(conn, debug=DEBUG):
         conn.load_extension(ext_path)
         conn.enable_load_extension(False)
         return True
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         if debug:
             print 'Failed to load high performance sqlite C extension'
             print e
@@ -247,14 +247,14 @@ class DBThread(Thread):
                 if func == 'dump':
                     try:
                         ok, res = True, tuple(self.conn.iterdump())
-                    except Exception, err:
+                    except Exception as err:
                         ok, res = False, (err, traceback.format_exc())
                 elif func == 'create_dynamic_filter':
                     try:
                         f = DynamicFilter(args[0])
                         self.conn.create_function(args[0], 1, f)
                         ok, res = True, f
-                    except Exception, err:
+                    except Exception as err:
                         ok, res = False, (err, traceback.format_exc())
                 else:
                     bfunc = getattr(self.conn, func)
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class DBThread(Thread):
                             try:
                                 ok, res = True, bfunc(*args, **kwargs)
                                 break
-                            except OperationalError, err:
+                            except OperationalError as err:
                                 # Retry if unable to open db file
                                 e = str(err)
                                 if 'unable to open' not in e or i == 2:
@@ -273,10 +273,10 @@ class DBThread(Thread):
                                             reprlib.repr(kwargs))
                                     raise
                             time.sleep(0.5)
-                    except Exception, err:
+                    except Exception as err:
                         ok, res = False, (err, traceback.format_exc())
                 self.results.put((ok, res))
-        except Exception, err:
+        except Exception as err:
             self.unhandled_error = (err, traceback.format_exc())
 
 class DatabaseException(Exception):

src/calibre/linux.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ for x in {manifest!r}:
             shutil.rmtree(x)
         else:
             os.unlink(x)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         print 'Failed to delete', x
         print '\t', e
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class PostInstall:
 
                 complete -o nospace -C calibre-complete ebook-convert
                 '''))
-        except TypeError, err:
+        except TypeError as err:
             if 'resolve_entities' in str(err):
                 print 'You need python-lxml >= 2.0.5 for calibre'
                 sys.exit(1)

src/calibre/utils/Zeroconf.py

@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ class Engine(threading.Thread):
                     for socket in rr:
                         try:
                             self.readers[socket].handle_read()
-                        except NonLocalNameException, err:
+                        except NonLocalNameException as err:
                             print err
                         except UnicodeDecodeError:
                             if DEBUG:

src/calibre/utils/formatter.py

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class TemplateFormatter(string.Formatter):
         self.locals = {}
         try:
             ans = self.vformat(fmt, [], kwargs).strip()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             if DEBUG:
                 traceback.print_exc()
             ans = error_value + ' ' + e.message

src/calibre/utils/lock.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class WindowsExclFile(object):
                     None, #No template file
                 )
                 break
-            except pywintypes.error, err:
+            except pywintypes.error as err:
                 if getattr(err, 'args', [-1])[0] in (0x20, 0x21):
                     time.sleep(1)
                     continue

src/calibre/utils/pdftk.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def set_metadata(stream, mi):
             try:
                 p.wait()
                 break
-            except OSError, e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 if e.errno == errno.EINTR:
                     continue
                 else:

src/calibre/utils/smtp.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def sendmail_direct(from_, to, msg, timeout, localhost, verbose,
             s.connect(host, 25)
             s.sendmail(from_, [to], msg)
             return s.quit()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             last_error, last_traceback = e, traceback.format_exc()
     if last_error is not None:
         print last_traceback