Various py3 related fixes exposed by the unicode patch

src/calibre/db/backend.py

@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ class DB(object):
             if d['is_multiple']:
                 if x is None:
                     return []
-                if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                     x = x.split(d['multiple_seps']['ui_to_list'])
                 x = [y.strip() for y in x if y.strip()]
                 x = [y.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace') if not isinstance(y,
@@ -681,12 +681,16 @@ class DB(object):
                         x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
 
         def adapt_datetime(x, d):
-            if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, bytes):
+                    x = x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
                 x = parse_date(x, assume_utc=False, as_utc=False)
             return x
 
         def adapt_bool(x, d):
-            if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, bytes):
+                    x = x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
                 x = x.lower()
                 if x == 'true':
                     x = True
@@ -707,7 +711,9 @@ class DB(object):
         def adapt_number(x, d):
             if x is None:
                 return None
-            if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, bytes):
+                    x = x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
                 if x.lower() == 'none':
                     return None
             if d['datatype'] == 'int':
@@ -1083,7 +1089,7 @@ class DB(object):
 
     def dump_and_restore(self, callback=None, sql=None):
         import codecs
-        from calibre.utils.apsw_shell import Shell
+        from apsw import Shell
         from contextlib import closing
         if callback is None:
             callback = lambda x: x
@@ -1096,7 +1102,7 @@ class DB(object):
                     shell = Shell(db=self.conn, stdout=buf)
                     shell.process_command('.dump')
             else:
-                with open(fname, 'wb') as buf:
+                with lopen(fname, 'wb') as buf:
                     buf.write(sql if isinstance(sql, bytes) else sql.encode('utf-8'))
 
             with TemporaryFile(suffix='_tmpdb.db', dir=os.path.dirname(self.dbpath)) as tmpdb:

src/calibre/db/categories.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import copy
 from functools import partial
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type, map
 
+from calibre.constants import ispy3
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import author_to_author_sort
 from calibre.utils.config_base import tweaks
 from calibre.utils.icu import sort_key, collation_order
@@ -43,11 +44,19 @@ class Tag(object):
         self.search_expression = search_expression
         self.original_categories = None
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    @property
+    def string_representation(self):
         return u'%s:%s:%s:%s:%s'%(self.name, self.count, self.id, self.state, self.category)
 
+    if ispy3:
         def __str__(self):
-        return unicode_type(self).encode('utf-8')
+            return self.string_representation
+    else:
+        def __str__(self):
+            return self.string_representation.encode('utf-8')
+
+        def __unicode__(self):
+            return self.string_representation
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(self)

src/calibre/db/search.py

@@ -149,7 +149,9 @@ class DateSearch(object):  # {{{
 
         if query == 'false':
             for v, book_ids in field_iter():
-                if isinstance(v, (str, unicode_type)):
+                if isinstance(v, (bytes, unicode_type)):
+                    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                        v = v.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
                     v = parse_date(v)
                 if v is None or v <= UNDEFINED_DATE:
                     matches |= book_ids
@@ -157,7 +159,9 @@ class DateSearch(object):  # {{{
 
         if query == 'true':
             for v, book_ids in field_iter():
-                if isinstance(v, (str, unicode_type)):
+                if isinstance(v, (bytes, unicode_type)):
+                    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                        v = v.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
                     v = parse_date(v)
                 if v is not None and v > UNDEFINED_DATE:
                     matches |= book_ids

src/calibre/db/utils.py

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ from polyglot.builtins import map, unicode_type
 from threading import Lock
 
 from calibre import as_unicode, prints
-from calibre.constants import cache_dir, get_windows_number_formats, iswindows
+from calibre.constants import cache_dir, get_windows_number_formats, iswindows, preferred_encoding
 
 from calibre.utils.localization import canonicalize_lang
 
 
 def force_to_bool(val):
-    if isinstance(val, (str, unicode_type)):
+    if isinstance(val, (bytes, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(val, bytes):
+            val = val.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
         try:
             val = icu_lower(val)
             if not val:

src/calibre/db/write.py

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ def adapt_number(typ, x):
     if x is None:
         return None
     if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+        if isinstance(x, bytes):
+            x = x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
         if not x or x.lower() == 'none':
             return None
     return typ(x)
@@ -95,6 +97,8 @@ def adapt_number(typ, x):
 
 def adapt_bool(x):
     if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+        if isinstance(x, bytes):
+            x = x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
         x = x.lower()
         if x == 'true':
             x = True

src/calibre/devices/prst1/driver.py

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class PRST1(USBMS):
 
         with closing(sqlite.connect(dbpath)) as connection:
             # Replace undecodable characters in the db instead of erroring out
-            connection.text_factory = lambda x: unicode_type(x, "utf-8", "replace")
+            connection.text_factory = lambda x: x if isinstance(x, unicode_type) else x.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
 
             cursor = connection.cursor()
             # Query collections
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ class PRST1(USBMS):
 
         thumbnail_path = THUMBPATH%book.bookId
 
-        prefix = self._main_prefix if source_id is 0 else self._card_a_prefix
+        prefix = self._main_prefix if source_id == 0 else self._card_a_prefix
         thumbnail_file_path = os.path.join(prefix, *thumbnail_path.split('/'))
         thumbnail_dir_path = os.path.dirname(thumbnail_file_path)
         if not os.path.exists(thumbnail_dir_path):

src/calibre/devices/smart_device_app/driver.py

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ class SMART_DEVICE_APP(DeviceConfig, DevicePlugin):
                     if isinstance(a, dict):
                         printable = {}
                         for k,v in a.iteritems():
-                            if isinstance(v, (str, unicode_type)) and len(v) > 50:
+                            if isinstance(v, (bytes, unicode_type)) and len(v) > 50:
                                 printable[k] = 'too long'
                             else:
                                 printable[k] = v

src/calibre/ebooks/conversion/plugins/epub_output.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from calibre.customize.conversion import (OutputFormatPlugin,
         OptionRecommendation)
 from calibre.ptempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from calibre import CurrentDir
-from calibre.constants import filesystem_encoding
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 block_level_tags = (
@@ -326,13 +325,11 @@ class EPUBOutput(OutputFormatPlugin):
             fonts = []
             for uri in list(uris.keys()):
                 path = uris[uri]
-                if isinstance(path, unicode_type):
-                    path = path.encode(filesystem_encoding)
                 if not os.path.exists(path):
                     uris.pop(uri)
                     continue
                 self.log.debug('Encrypting font:', uri)
-                with open(path, 'r+b') as f:
+                with lopen(path, 'r+b') as f:
                     data = f.read(1024)
                     if len(data) >= 1024:
                         f.seek(0)

src/calibre/ebooks/lrf/html/convert_from.py

@@ -55,11 +55,7 @@ def munge_paths(basepath, url):
     if not path:
         path = basepath
     elif not os.path.isabs(path):
-        if isinstance(path, unicode_type):
-            path = path.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
         dn = os.path.dirname(basepath)
-        if isinstance(dn, unicode_type):
-            dn = dn.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
         path = os.path.join(dn, path)
     return os.path.normpath(path), fragment
 
@@ -1480,11 +1476,6 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
                         ext = os.path.splitext(path)[1]
                         if ext:
                             ext = ext[1:].lower()
-                        enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
-                        if not enc:
-                            enc = 'utf8'
-                        if isinstance(path, unicode_type):
-                            path = path.encode(enc, 'replace')
                         if os.access(path, os.R_OK) and os.path.isfile(path):
                             if ext in ['png', 'jpg', 'bmp', 'jpeg']:
                                 self.process_image(path, tag_css)
@@ -1811,8 +1802,6 @@ class HTMLConverter(object):
 
 
 def process_file(path, options, logger):
-    if not isinstance(path, unicode_type):
-        path = path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
     path = os.path.abspath(path)
     default_title = filename_to_utf8(os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0])
     dirpath = os.path.dirname(path)

src/calibre/ebooks/lrf/meta.py

@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ class xml_field(object):
 
         if not val:
             val = u''
-        if isinstance(val, unicode_type):
+        if not isinstance(val, unicode_type):
-            val = unicode_type(val, 'utf-8')
+            val = val.decode('utf-8')
 
         elems = document.getElementsByTagName(self.tag_name)
         elem = None

src/calibre/ebooks/lrf/objects.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ __copyright__ = '2008, Kovid Goyal <kovid at kovidgoyal.net>'
 import struct, array, zlib, cStringIO, collections, re
 
 from calibre.ebooks.lrf import LRFParseError, PRS500_PROFILE
+from calibre.constants import ispy3
 from calibre import entity_to_unicode, prepare_string_for_xml
 from calibre.ebooks.lrf.tags import Tag
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
@@ -88,11 +89,8 @@ class LRFObject(object):
         for i in range(0):
             yield i
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
-        return unicode_type(self.__class__.__name__)
-
     def __str__(self):
-        return unicode_type(self).encode('utf-8')
+        return self.__class__.__name__
 
 
 class LRFContentObject(LRFObject):
@@ -204,12 +202,15 @@ class StyleObject(object):
                 s += u'%s="%s" '%(attr, getattr(self, attr))
         return s
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u'<%s objid="%s" stylelabel="%s" '%(self.__class__.__name__.replace('Attr', 'Style'), self.id, self.id)
         s += self._tags_to_xml()
         s += u'/>\n'
         return s
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
     def as_dict(self):
         d = {}
         for h in self.tag_map.values():
@@ -252,11 +253,11 @@ class Color(object):
     def __init__(self, val):
         self.a, self.r, self.g, self.b = val & 0xFF, (val>>8)&0xFF, (val>>16)&0xFF, (val>>24)&0xFF
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'0x%02x%02x%02x%02x'%(self.a, self.r, self.g, self.b)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    if not ispy3:
-        return unicode_type(self)
+        __unicode__ = __str__
 
     def __len__(self):
         return 4
@@ -284,10 +285,13 @@ class PageDiv(EmptyPageElement):
         self.pain, self.spacesize, self.linewidth = pain, spacesize, linewidth
         self.linecolor = Color(linecolor)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'\n<PageDiv pain="%s" spacesize="%s" linewidth="%s" linecolor="%s" />\n'%\
                 (self.pain, self.spacesize, self.linewidth, self.color)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class RuledLine(EmptyPageElement):
 
@@ -299,19 +303,25 @@ class RuledLine(EmptyPageElement):
         self.linecolor = Color(linecolor)
         self.id = -1
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'\n<RuledLine linelength="%s" linetype="%s" linewidth="%s" linecolor="%s" />\n'%\
                 (self.linelength, self.linetype, self.linewidth, self.linecolor)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class Wait(EmptyPageElement):
 
     def __init__(self, time):
         self.time = time
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'\n<Wait time="%d" />\n'%(self.time)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class Locate(EmptyPageElement):
 
@@ -320,19 +330,25 @@ class Locate(EmptyPageElement):
     def __init__(self, pos):
         self.pos = self.pos_map[pos]
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'\n<Locate pos="%s" />\n'%(self.pos)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class BlockSpace(EmptyPageElement):
 
     def __init__(self, xspace, yspace):
         self.xspace, self.yspace = xspace, yspace
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'\n<BlockSpace xspace="%d" yspace="%d" />\n'%\
                 (self.xspace, self.yspace)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class Page(LRFStream):
     tag_map = {
@@ -427,15 +443,15 @@ class Page(LRFStream):
         for i in self.content:
             yield i
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u'\n<Page pagestyle="%d" objid="%d">\n'%(self.style_id, self.id)
         for i in self:
             s += unicode_type(i)
         s += '\n</Page>\n'
         return s
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    if not ispy3:
-        return unicode_type(self)
+        __unicode__ = __str__
 
     def to_html(self):
         s = u''
@@ -612,7 +628,7 @@ class Block(LRFStream, TextCSS):
             if hasattr(self, attr):
                 self.attrs[attr] = getattr(self, attr)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u'\n<%s objid="%d" blockstyle="%d" '%(self.name, self.id, self.style_id)
         if hasattr(self, 'textstyle_id'):
             s += 'textstyle="%d" '%(self.textstyle_id,)
@@ -625,6 +641,9 @@ class Block(LRFStream, TextCSS):
             return s
         return s.rstrip() + ' />\n'
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
     def to_html(self):
         if self.name == 'TextBlock':
             return u'<div class="block%s text%s">%s</div>'%(self.style_id, self.textstyle_id, self.content.to_html())
@@ -697,12 +716,15 @@ class Text(LRFStream):
             self.attrs = attrs
             self.self_closing = self_closing
 
-        def __unicode__(self):
+        def __str__(self):
             s = u'<%s '%(self.name,)
             for name, val in self.attrs.items():
                 s += '%s="%s" '%(name, val)
             return s.rstrip() + (u' />' if self.self_closing else u'>')
 
+        if not ispy3:
+            __unicode__ = __str__
+
         def to_html(self):
             s = u''
             return s
@@ -878,7 +900,7 @@ class Text(LRFStream):
             self.close_containers()
         self.stream = None
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u''
         open_containers = collections.deque()
         for c in self.content:
@@ -900,6 +922,9 @@ class Text(LRFStream):
                 raise LRFParseError('Malformed text stream %s'%([i.name for i in open_containers if isinstance(i, Text.TextTag)],))
         return s
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
     def to_html(self):
         s = u''
         open_containers = collections.deque()
@@ -944,10 +969,13 @@ class Image(LRFObject):
     encoding = property(fget=lambda self : self._document.objects[self.refstream].encoding)
     data = property(fget=lambda self : self._document.objects[self.refstream].stream)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'<Image objid="%s" x0="%d" y0="%d" x1="%d" y1="%d" xsize="%d" ysize="%d" refstream="%d" />\n'%\
         (self.id, self.x0, self.y0, self.x1, self.y1, self.xsize, self.ysize, self.refstream)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class PutObj(EmptyPageElement):
 
@@ -955,9 +983,12 @@ class PutObj(EmptyPageElement):
         self.x1, self.y1, self.refobj = x1, y1, refobj
         self.object = objects[refobj]
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'<PutObj x1="%d" y1="%d" refobj="%d" />'%(self.x1, self.y1, self.refobj)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class Canvas(LRFStream):
     tag_map = {
@@ -996,7 +1027,7 @@ class Canvas(LRFStream):
             except struct.error:
                 print('Canvas object has errors, skipping.')
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = '\n<%s objid="%s" '%(self.__class__.__name__, self.id,)
         for attr in self.attrs:
             s += '%s="%s" '%(attr, self.attrs[attr])
@@ -1006,6 +1037,9 @@ class Canvas(LRFStream):
         s += '</%s>\n'%(self.__class__.__name__,)
         return s
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
     def __iter__(self):
         for i in self._contents:
             yield i
@@ -1039,10 +1073,13 @@ class ImageStream(LRFStream):
         if self._document is not None:
             self._document.image_map[self.id] = self
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'<ImageStream objid="%s" encoding="%s" file="%s" />\n'%\
             (self.id, self.encoding, self.file)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class Import(LRFStream):
     pass
@@ -1118,7 +1155,7 @@ class Button(LRFObject):
                 return i[1:][0]
         return (None, None)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u'<Button objid="%s">\n'%(self.id,)
         if self.button_flags & 0x10 != 0:
             s += '<PushButton '
@@ -1132,6 +1169,9 @@ class Button(LRFObject):
         s += '</Button>\n'
         return s
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
     refpage = property(fget=lambda self : self.jump_action(2)[0])
     refobj = property(fget=lambda self : self.jump_action(2)[1])
 
@@ -1192,7 +1232,7 @@ class BookAttr(StyleObject, LRFObject):
     def add_font(self, tag, f):
         self.font_link_list.append(tag.dword)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u'<BookStyle objid="%s" stylelabel="%s">\n'%(self.id, self.id)
         s += u'<SetDefault %s />\n'%(self._tags_to_xml(),)
         doc = self._document
@@ -1203,6 +1243,9 @@ class BookAttr(StyleObject, LRFObject):
         s += '</BookStyle>\n'
         return s
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class SimpleText(Text):
     pass
@@ -1213,9 +1256,12 @@ class TocLabel(object):
     def __init__(self, refpage, refobject, label):
         self.refpage, self.refobject, self.label = refpage, refobject, label
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         return u'<TocLabel refpage="%s" refobj="%s">%s</TocLabel>\n'%(self.refpage, self.refobject, self.label)
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 class TOCObject(LRFStream):
 
@@ -1237,12 +1283,15 @@ class TOCObject(LRFStream):
         for i in self._contents:
             yield i
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __str__(self):
         s = u'<TOC>\n'
         for i in self:
             s += unicode_type(i)
         return s + '</TOC>\n'
 
+    if not ispy3:
+        __unicode__ = __str__
+
 
 object_map = [
     None,  # 00

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/book/base.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ __docformat__ = 'restructuredtext en'
 import copy, traceback
 
 from calibre import prints
-from calibre.constants import DEBUG
+from calibre.constants import DEBUG, ispy3
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.book import (SC_COPYABLE_FIELDS,
         SC_FIELDS_COPY_NOT_NULL, STANDARD_METADATA_FIELDS,
         TOP_LEVEL_IDENTIFIERS, ALL_METADATA_FIELDS)
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ class Metadata(object):
 
         return (None, None, None, None)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __unicode__representation__(self):
         '''
         A string representation of this object, suitable for printing to
         console
@@ -791,11 +791,17 @@ class Metadata(object):
             ans[i] = u'<tr><td><b>%s</b></td><td>%s</td></tr>'%x
         return u'<table>%s</table>'%u'\n'.join(ans)
 
+    if ispy3:
+        __str__ = __unicode__representation__
+    else:
+        __unicode__ = __unicode__representation__
+
         def __str__(self):
             return self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
         return bool(self.title or self.author or self.comments or self.tags)
+    __bool__ = __nonzero__
 
     # }}}
 

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/fb2.py

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def get_metadata(stream):
     if book_title:
         book_title = unicode_type(book_title)
     else:
-        book_title = force_unicode_type(os.path.splitext(
+        book_title = force_unicode(os.path.splitext(
             os.path.basename(getattr(stream, 'name',
                 _('Unknown'))))[0])
     mi = MetaInformation(book_title, authors)

src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf2.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from urlparse import urlparse
 from lxml import etree
 
 from calibre.ebooks import escape_xpath_attr
-from calibre.constants import __appname__, __version__, filesystem_encoding
+from calibre.constants import __appname__, __version__, filesystem_encoding, ispy3
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.toc import TOC
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.utils import parse_opf, pretty_print_opf as _pretty_print
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import string_to_authors, MetaInformation, check_isbn
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class Resource(object):  # {{{
             path = href_or_path
             if not os.path.isabs(path):
                 path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(basedir, path))
-            if isinstance(path, str):
+            if isinstance(path, bytes):
                 path = path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
             self.path = path
         else:
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ class Resource(object):  # {{{
             rpath = os.path.relpath(self.path, basedir)
         except ValueError:  # On windows path and basedir could be on different drives
             rpath = self.path
-        if isinstance(rpath, unicode_type):
+        if isinstance(rpath, bytes):
-            rpath = rpath.encode('utf-8')
+            rpath = rpath.decode(filesystem_encoding)
         return rpath.replace(os.sep, '/')+frag
 
     def set_basedir(self, path):
@@ -203,9 +203,14 @@ class ManifestItem(Resource):  # {{{
             self.mime_type = val
         return property(fget=fget, fset=fset)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):
+    def __unicode__representation__(self):
         return u'<item id="%s" href="%s" media-type="%s" />'%(self.id, self.href(), self.media_type)
 
+    if ispy3:
+        __str__ = __unicode__representation__
+    else:
+        __unicode__ = __unicode__representation__
+
         def __str__(self):
             return unicode_type(self).encode('utf-8')
 

src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/mobiml.py

@@ -229,7 +229,9 @@ class MobiMLizer(object):
                 while vspace > 0:
                     wrapper.addprevious(etree.Element(XHTML('br')))
                     vspace -= 1
-            if istate.halign != 'auto' and isinstance(istate.halign, (str, unicode_type)):
+            if istate.halign != 'auto' and isinstance(istate.halign, (bytes, unicode_type)):
+                if isinstance(istate.halign, bytes):
+                    istate.halign = istate.halign.decode('utf-8')
                 para.attrib['align'] = istate.halign
         istate.rendered = True
         pstate = bstate.istate

src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/mobi6.py

@@ -283,24 +283,29 @@ class MobiReader(object):
                     ref.attrib['href'] = os.path.basename(htmlfile) + ref.attrib['href']
         except AttributeError:
             pass
+
+        def write_as_utf8(path, data):
+            if isinstance(data, unicode_type):
+                data = data.encode('utf-8')
+            with lopen(path, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
         parse_cache[htmlfile] = root
         self.htmlfile = htmlfile
         ncx = cStringIO.StringIO()
         opf, ncx_manifest_entry = self.create_opf(htmlfile, guide, root)
         self.created_opf_path = os.path.splitext(htmlfile)[0] + '.opf'
-        opf.render(open(self.created_opf_path, 'wb'), ncx,
+        opf.render(lopen(self.created_opf_path, 'wb'), ncx,
             ncx_manifest_entry=ncx_manifest_entry)
         ncx = ncx.getvalue()
         if ncx:
             ncx_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(htmlfile), 'toc.ncx')
-            open(ncx_path, 'wb').write(ncx)
+            write_as_utf8(ncx_path, ncx)
 
-        with open('styles.css', 'wb') as s:
+        css = [self.base_css_rules, '\n\n']
-            s.write(self.base_css_rules + '\n\n')
         for cls, rule in self.tag_css_rules.items():
-                if isinstance(rule, unicode_type):
+            css.append('.%s { %s }\n\n' % (cls, rule))
-                    rule = rule.encode('utf-8')
+        write_as_utf8('styles.css', ''.join(css))
-                s.write('.%s { %s }\n\n' % (cls, rule))
 
         if self.book_header.exth is not None or self.embedded_mi is not None:
             self.log.debug('Creating OPF...')
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@ class MobiReader(object):
                 ncx_manifest_entry)
             ncx = ncx.getvalue()
             if ncx:
-                open(os.path.splitext(htmlfile)[0] + '.ncx', 'wb').write(ncx)
+                write_as_utf8(os.path.splitext(htmlfile)[0] + '.ncx', ncx)
 
     def read_embedded_metadata(self, root, elem, guide):
         raw = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>\n<package>' + \
@@ -423,8 +428,9 @@ class MobiReader(object):
                     styles.append(style)
             if 'height' in attrib:
                 height = attrib.pop('height').strip()
-                if height and '<' not in height and '>' not in height and \
+                if (
-                    re.search(r'\d+', height):
+                        height and '<' not in height and '>' not in height and
+                        re.search(r'\d+', height)):
                     if tag.tag in ('table', 'td', 'tr'):
                         pass
                     elif tag.tag == 'img':
@@ -837,9 +843,8 @@ class MobiReader(object):
             anchor = '<a id="filepos%d"></a>'
             if r > -1 and (r < l or l == end or l == -1):
                 p = self.mobi_html.rfind('<', 0, end + 1)
-                if pos < end and p > -1 and \
+                if (pos < end and p > -1 and not end_tag_re.match(self.mobi_html[p:r]) and
-                    not end_tag_re.match(self.mobi_html[p:r]) and \
+                        not self.mobi_html[p:r + 1].endswith('/>')):
-                    not self.mobi_html[p:r + 1].endswith('/>'):
                     anchor = ' filepos-id="filepos%d"'
                     end = r
                 else:

src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/writer2/serializer.py

@@ -1,23 +1,32 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python2
 # vim:fileencoding=UTF-8:ts=4:sw=4:sta:et:sts=4:ai
-from __future__ import (unicode_literals, division, absolute_import,
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
-                        print_function)
 
 __license__   = 'GPL v3'
 __copyright__ = '2011, Kovid Goyal <kovid@kovidgoyal.net>'
 __docformat__ = 'restructuredtext en'
 
-import re, unicodedata
 
-from calibre.ebooks.oeb.base import (OEB_DOCS, XHTML, XHTML_NS, XML_NS,
+import re
-        namespace, prefixname, urlnormalize)
+import unicodedata
+from collections import defaultdict
+from io import BytesIO
+from urlparse import urldefrag
+
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.mobiml import MBP_NS
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.utils import is_guide_ref_start
+from calibre.ebooks.oeb.base import (
+    OEB_DOCS, XHTML, XHTML_NS, XML_NS, namespace, prefixname, urlnormalize
+)
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
-from collections import defaultdict
+
-from urlparse import urldefrag
+class Buf(BytesIO):
-from cStringIO import StringIO
+
+    def write(self, x):
+        if isinstance(x, unicode_type):
+            x = x.encode('utf-8')
+        BytesIO.write(self, x)
 
 
 class Serializer(object):
@@ -116,7 +125,7 @@ class Serializer(object):
         '''
         Return the document serialized as a single UTF-8 encoded bytestring.
         '''
-        buf = self.buf = StringIO()
+        buf = self.buf = Buf()
         buf.write(b'<html>')
         self.serialize_head()
         self.serialize_body()
@@ -214,22 +223,22 @@ class Serializer(object):
             # if href is provided add a link ref to the toc level output (e.g. feed_0/index.html)
             if href is not None:
                 # resolve the section url in id_offsets
-                buf.write('<mbp:pagebreak />')
+                buf.write(b'<mbp:pagebreak />')
                 self.id_offsets[urlnormalize(href)] = buf.tell()
 
             if tocref.klass == "periodical":
-                buf.write('<div> <div height="1em"></div>')
+                buf.write(b'<div> <div height="1em"></div>')
             else:
                 t = tocref.title
                 if isinstance(t, unicode_type):
                     t = t.encode('utf-8')
-                buf.write('<div></div> <div> <h2 height="1em"><font size="+2"><b>' + t +
+                buf.write(b'<div></div> <div> <h2 height="1em"><font size="+2"><b>' + t +
-                          '</b></font></h2> <div height="1em"></div>')
+                          b'</b></font></h2> <div height="1em"></div>')
 
-            buf.write('<ul>')
+            buf.write(b'<ul>')
 
             for tocitem in tocref.nodes:
-                buf.write('<li><a filepos=')
+                buf.write(b'<li><a filepos=')
                 itemhref = tocitem.href
                 if tocref.klass == 'periodical':
                     # This is a section node.
@@ -238,15 +247,15 @@ class Serializer(object):
                     # so we change the href.
                     itemhref = re.sub(r'article_\d+/', '', itemhref)
                 self.href_offsets[itemhref].append(buf.tell())
-                buf.write('0000000000')
+                buf.write(b'0000000000')
-                buf.write(' ><font size="+1"><b><u>')
+                buf.write(b' ><font size="+1"><b><u>')
                 t = tocitem.title
                 if isinstance(t, unicode_type):
                     t = t.encode('utf-8')
                 buf.write(t)
-                buf.write('</u></b></font></a></li>')
+                buf.write(b'</u></b></font></a></li>')
 
-            buf.write('</ul><div height="1em"></div></div><mbp:pagebreak />')
+            buf.write(b'</ul><div height="1em"></div></div><mbp:pagebreak />')
 
         self.anchor_offset = buf.tell()
         buf.write(b'<body>')
@@ -350,7 +359,7 @@ class Serializer(object):
                 if child.tail:
                     self.anchor_offset = None
                     self.serialize_text(child.tail)
-        buf.write(b'</%s>' % tag.encode('utf-8'))
+        buf.write(('</%s>' % tag).encode('utf-8'))
 
     def serialize_text(self, text, quot=False):
         text = text.replace('&', '&amp;')
@@ -384,4 +393,4 @@ class Serializer(object):
                     self.start_offset = ioff
                 for hoff in hoffs:
                     buf.seek(hoff)
-                    buf.write(b'%010d' % ioff)
+                    buf.write(('%010d' % ioff).encode('utf-8'))

src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/base.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from urlparse import urldefrag, urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin
 from urllib import unquote
 
 from lxml import etree, html
-from calibre.constants import filesystem_encoding, __version__
+from calibre.constants import filesystem_encoding, __version__, ispy3
 from calibre.translations.dynamic import translate
 from calibre.ebooks.chardet import xml_to_unicode
 from calibre.ebooks.conversion.preprocess import CSSPreProcessor
@@ -107,13 +107,35 @@ self_closing_bad_tags = {'a', 'abbr', 'address', 'article', 'aside', 'audio', 'b
 'span', 'strong', 'sub', 'summary', 'sup', 'textarea', 'time', 'ul', 'var',
 'video', 'title', 'script', 'style'}
 
-_self_closing_pat = re.compile(
+
-    r'<(?P<tag>%s)(?=[\s/])(?P<arg>[^>]*)/>'%('|'.join(self_closing_bad_tags)),
+def as_string_type(pat, for_unicode):
-    re.IGNORECASE)
+    if for_unicode:
+        if isinstance(pat, bytes):
+            pat = pat.decode('utf-8')
+    else:
+        if isinstance(pat, unicode_type):
+            pat = pat.encode('utf-8')
+    return pat
+
+
+def self_closing_pat(for_unicode):
+    attr = 'unicode_ans' if for_unicode else 'bytes_ans'
+    ans = getattr(self_closing_pat, attr, None)
+    if ans is None:
+        sub = '|'.join(self_closing_bad_tags)
+        template = r'<(?P<tag>%s)(?=[\s/])(?P<arg>[^>]*)/>'
+        pat = template % sub
+        pat = as_string_type(pat, for_unicode)
+        ans = re.compile(pat, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+        setattr(self_closing_pat, attr, ans)
+    return ans
 
 
 def close_self_closing_tags(raw):
-    return _self_closing_pat.sub(r'<\g<tag>\g<arg>></\g<tag>>', raw)
+    for_unicode = isinstance(raw, unicode_type)
+    repl = as_string_type(r'<\g<tag>\g<arg>></\g<tag>>', for_unicode)
+    pat = self_closing_pat(for_unicode)
+    return pat.sub(repl, raw)
 
 
 def uuid_id():
@@ -745,6 +767,10 @@ class Metadata(object):
             return 'Item(term=%r, value=%r, attrib=%r)' \
                 % (barename(self.term), self.value, self.attrib)
 
+        if ispy3:
+            def __str__(self):
+                return as_unicode(self.value)
+        else:
             def __str__(self):
                 return unicode_type(self.value).encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace')
 
@@ -1075,19 +1101,27 @@ class Manifest(object):
                     self._loader = loader2
                 self._data = None
 
-        def __str__(self):
+        @property
-            return serialize(self.data, self.media_type, pretty_print=self.oeb.pretty_print)
+        def unicode_representation(self):
-
-        def __unicode__(self):
             data = self.data
             if isinstance(data, etree._Element):
                 return xml2unicode(data, pretty_print=self.oeb.pretty_print)
             if isinstance(data, unicode_type):
                 return data
             if hasattr(data, 'cssText'):
-                return data.cssText
+                return unicode_type(data.cssText, 'utf-8', 'replace')
             return unicode_type(data)
 
+        if ispy3:
+            def __str__(self):
+                return self.unicode_representation
+        else:
+            def __unicode__(self):
+                return self.unicode_representation
+
+            def __str__(self):
+                return serialize(self.data, self.media_type, pretty_print=self.oeb.pretty_print)
+
         def __eq__(self, other):
             return id(self) == id(other)
 
@@ -1616,12 +1650,16 @@ class TOC(object):
             ans.extend(child.get_lines(lvl+1))
         return ans
 
+    if ispy3:
         def __str__(self):
-        return b'\n'.join([x.encode('utf-8') for x in self.get_lines()])
+            return u'\n'.join(self.get_lines())
-
+    else:
         def __unicode__(self):
             return u'\n'.join(self.get_lines())
 
+        def __str__(self):
+            return b'\n'.join([x.encode('utf-8') for x in self.get_lines()])
+
     def to_opf1(self, tour):
         for node in self.nodes:
             element(tour, 'site', attrib={

src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/iterator/spine.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class SpineItem(unicode_type):
         if not os.path.exists(path) and os.path.exists(ppath):
             path = ppath
         obj = super(SpineItem, cls).__new__(cls, path)
-        with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+        with lopen(path, 'rb') as f:
             raw = f.read()
         if from_epub:
             # According to the spec, HTML in EPUB must be encoded in utf-8 or

src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/parse_utils.py

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def html5_parse(data, max_nesting_depth=100):
     # Check that the asinine HTML 5 algorithm did not result in a tree with
     # insane nesting depths
     for x in data.iterdescendants():
-        if isinstance(x.tag, basestring) and len(x) is 0:  # Leaf node
+        if isinstance(x.tag, basestring) and not len(x):  # Leaf node
             depth = node_depth(x)
             if depth > max_nesting_depth:
                 raise ValueError('HTML 5 parsing resulted in a tree with nesting'
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def parse_html(data, log=None, decoder=None, preprocessor=None,
         nroot = etree.fromstring('<html></html>')
         has_body = False
         for child in list(data):
-            if isinstance(child.tag, (unicode_type, str)) and barename(child.tag) == 'body':
+            if isinstance(child.tag, (unicode_type, bytes)) and barename(child.tag) == 'body':
                 has_body = True
                 break
         parent = nroot

src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/stylizer.py

@@ -607,12 +607,12 @@ class Style(object):
                 result = base
             else:
                 result = self._unit_convert(width, base=base)
-            if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, str, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                 result = self._profile.width
             self._width = result
             if 'max-width' in self._style:
                 result = self._unit_convert(self._style['max-width'], base=base)
-                if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, str, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                     result = self._width
                 if result < self._width:
                     self._width = result
@@ -644,12 +644,12 @@ class Style(object):
                 result = base
             else:
                 result = self._unit_convert(height, base=base)
-            if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, str, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                 result = self._profile.height
             self._height = result
             if 'max-height' in self._style:
                 result = self._unit_convert(self._style['max-height'], base=base)
-                if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, str, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(result, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                     result = self._height
                 if result < self._height:
                     self._height = result

src/calibre/ebooks/txt/processor.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from calibre.ebooks.metadata.opf2 import OPFCreator
 
 from calibre.ebooks.conversion.preprocess import DocAnalysis
 from calibre.utils.cleantext import clean_ascii_chars
-from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
+from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type, map, range
 
 HTML_TEMPLATE = u'<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>%s </title></head><body>\n%s\n</body></html>'
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def split_txt(txt, epub_split_size_kb=0):
     result in the entire document being one giant
     paragraph. In this case the EPUB parser will not
     be able to determine where to split the file
-    to accomidate the EPUB file size limitation
+    to accommodate the EPUB file size limitation
     and will fail.
     '''
     # Takes care if there is no point to split
@@ -66,9 +66,12 @@ def split_txt(txt, epub_split_size_kb=0):
         # Calculating the average chunk value for easy splitting as EPUB (+2 as a safe margin)
         chunk_size = long(length_byte / (int(length_byte / (epub_split_size_kb * 1024)) + 2))
         # if there are chunks with a superior size then go and break
-        if (len(filter(lambda x: len(x) > chunk_size, txt.split('\n\n')))) :
+        parts = txt.split(b'\n\n')
-            txt = '\n\n'.join([split_string_separator(line, chunk_size)
+        lengths = tuple(map(len, parts))
-                for line in txt.split('\n\n')])
+        if lengths and max(lengths) > chunk_size:
+            txt = b'\n\n'.join([
+                split_string_separator(line, chunk_size) for line in parts
+            ])
     if isbytestring(txt):
         txt = txt.decode('utf-8')
 
@@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ def opf_writer(path, opf_name, manifest, spine, mi):
     opf = OPFCreator(path, mi)
     opf.create_manifest(manifest)
     opf.create_spine(spine)
-    with open(os.path.join(path, opf_name), 'wb') as opffile:
+    with lopen(os.path.join(path, opf_name), 'wb') as opffile:
         opf.render(opffile)
 
 
@@ -236,9 +239,16 @@ def split_string_separator(txt, size):
     Splits the text by putting \n\n at the point size.
     '''
     if len(txt) > size:
-        txt = ''.join([re.sub(type(u'')(r'\.(?P<ends>[^.]*)$'), r'.\n\n\g<ends>',
+        size -= 2
-            txt[i:i+size], 1) for i in
+        txt = []
-            xrange(0, len(txt), size)])
+        for part in (txt[i * size: (i + 1) * size] for i in range(0, len(txt), size)):
+            idx = part.rfind('.')
+            if idx == -1:
+                part += b'\n\n'
+            else:
+                part = part[:idx + 1] + b'\n\n' + part[idx:]
+            txt.append(part)
+        txt = b''.join(txt)
     return txt
 
 

src/calibre/ebooks/unihandecode/__init__.py

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ Tranliterate the string from unicode characters to ASCII in Chinese and others.
 '''
 import unicodedata
 
-from calibre.constants import ispy3
-
 
 class Unihandecoder(object):
     preferred_encoding = None
@@ -43,14 +41,10 @@ class Unihandecoder(object):
             self.decoder = Unidecoder()
 
     def decode(self, text):
-        if not ispy3:
+        if isinstance(text, bytes):
-            if not isinstance(text, unicode):
-                try:
-                    text = unicode(text)
-                except:
             try:
                 text = text.decode(self.preferred_encoding)
-                    except:
+            except Exception:
                 text = text.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
         # at first unicode normalize it. (see Unicode standards)
         ntext = unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', text)

src/calibre/ebooks/unihandecode/pykakasi/jisyo.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # Copyright 2011 Hiroshi Miura <miurahr@linux.com>
 from zlib import decompress
 
-from calibre.constants import ispy3
+from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
 class jisyo (object):
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class jisyo (object):
                 P('localization/pykakasi/kanadict2.calibre_msgpack', data=True))
 
     def load_jisyo(self, char):
-        if not ispy3:
+        if not isinstance(char, unicode_type):
-            char = unicode(char)
+            char = unicode_type(char, 'utf-8')
         key = "%04x"%ord(char)
 
         try:  # already exist?

src/calibre/ebooks/unihandecode/unidecoder.py

@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ it under the same terms as Perl itself.
 '''
 
 import re
-from calibre.constants import ispy3
 from calibre.ebooks.unihandecode.unicodepoints import CODEPOINTS
 from calibre.ebooks.unihandecode.zhcodepoints import CODEPOINTS as HANCODES
+from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
 class Unidecoder(object):
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ class Unidecoder(object):
         Find what group character is a part of.
         '''
         # Code groups withing CODEPOINTS take the form 'xAB'
-        if not ispy3:
+        if not isinstance(character, unicode_type):
-            character = unicode(character)
+            character = unicode_type(character, "utf-8")
         return 'x%02x' % (ord(character) >> 8)
 
     def grouped_point(self, character):
@@ -104,6 +104,6 @@ class Unidecoder(object):
         Return the location the replacement character is in the list for a
         the group character is a part of.
         '''
-        if not ispy3:
+        if not isinstance(character, unicode_type):
-            character = unicode(character)
+            character = unicode_type(character, "utf-8")
         return ord(character) & 255

src/calibre/gui2/comments_editor.py

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class EditorWidget(QWebView, LineEditECM):  # {{{
                     return unicode_type(self.page().mainFrame().toHtml())
                 check = unicode_type(self.page().mainFrame().toPlainText()).strip()
                 raw = unicode_type(self.page().mainFrame().toHtml())
-                raw = xml_to_unicode_type(raw, strip_encoding_pats=True,
+                raw = xml_to_unicode(raw, strip_encoding_pats=True,
                                     resolve_entities=True)[0]
                 raw = self.comments_pat.sub('', raw)
                 if not check and '<img' not in raw.lower():

src/calibre/gui2/dbus_export/gtk.py

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class MenuExampleWindow(Gtk.ApplicationWindow):
 
 
 def convert(v):
-    if isinstance(v, basestring):
+    if isinstance(v, (unicode_type, bytes)):
         return unicode_type(v)
     if isinstance(v, dbus.Struct):
         return tuple(convert(val) for val in v)
@@ -309,6 +309,7 @@ class MyApplication(Gtk.Application):
     def do_startup(self):
         Gtk.Application.do_startup(self)
 
+
 app = MyApplication(application_id='com.calibre-ebook.test-gtk')
 signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
 sys.exit(app.run(sys.argv))

src/calibre/gui2/dialogs/quickview.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class TableItem(QTableWidgetItem):
             # self is not None and other is None therefore self >= other
             return True
 
-        if isinstance(self.sort, (str, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(self.sort, (bytes, unicode_type)):
             l = sort_key(self.sort)
             r = sort_key(other.sort)
         else:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class TableItem(QTableWidgetItem):
             # self is not None therefore self > other
             return False
 
-        if isinstance(self.sort, (str, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(self.sort, (bytes, unicode_type)):
             l = sort_key(self.sort)
             r = sort_key(other.sort)
         else:

src/calibre/gui2/init.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from PyQt5.Qt import (Qt, QApplication, QStackedWidget, QMenu, QTimer,
 
 from calibre.utils.config import prefs
 from calibre.utils.icu import sort_key
-from calibre.constants import (isosx, __appname__, preferred_encoding,
+from calibre.constants import (__appname__, preferred_encoding,
     get_version)
 from calibre.gui2 import config, is_widescreen, gprefs, error_dialog, open_url
 from calibre.gui2.library.views import BooksView, DeviceBooksView
@@ -323,11 +323,6 @@ class StatusBar(QStatusBar):  # {{{
     def show_message(self, msg, timeout=0, show_notification=True):
         self.showMessage(msg, timeout)
         if self.notifier is not None and not config['disable_tray_notification'] and show_notification:
-            if isosx and isinstance(msg, unicode_type):
-                try:
-                    msg = msg.encode(preferred_encoding)
-                except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                    msg = msg.encode('utf-8')
             self.notifier(msg)
 
     def clear_message(self):

src/calibre/gui2/layout.py

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class LocationManager(QObject):  # {{{
         had_device = self.has_device
         if cp is None:
             cp = (None, None)
-        if isinstance(cp, (str, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(cp, (bytes, unicode_type)):
             cp = (cp, None)
         if len(fs) < 3:
             fs = list(fs) + [0]

src/calibre/gui2/lrf_renderer/main.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import sys, logging, os, traceback, time
 from PyQt5.Qt import (
     QKeySequence, QPainter, QDialog, QSpinBox, QSlider, QIcon, Qt, QCoreApplication, QThread, QScrollBar)
 
-from calibre import __appname__, setup_cli_handlers, islinux, isbsd
+from calibre import __appname__, setup_cli_handlers, islinux, isbsd, as_unicode
 from calibre.ebooks.lrf.lrfparser import LRFDocument
 
 from calibre.gui2 import error_dialog, \
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from calibre.gui2.lrf_renderer.config_ui import Ui_ViewerConfig
 from calibre.gui2.main_window import MainWindow
 from calibre.gui2.lrf_renderer.document import Document
 from calibre.gui2.search_box import SearchBox2
-from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
 class RenderWorker(QThread):
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ class Main(MainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
             print('Error rendering document', file=sys.stderr)
             print(exception, file=sys.stderr)
             print(self.renderer.formatted_traceback, file=sys.stderr)
-            msg =  u'<p><b>%s</b>: '%(exception.__class__.__name__,) + unicode_type(str(exception), 'utf8', 'replace') + u'</p>'
+            msg =  u'<p><b>%s</b>: '%(exception.__class__.__name__,) + as_unicode(exception) + u'</p>'
             msg += u'<p>Failed to render document</p>'
             msg += u'<p>Detailed <b>traceback</b>:<pre>'
             msg += self.renderer.formatted_traceback + '</pre>'

src/calibre/gui2/main.py

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def get_default_library_path():
         fname = 'Calibre Library'
     if isinstance(fname, unicode_type):
         try:
-            fname = fname.encode(filesystem_encoding)
+            fname.encode(filesystem_encoding)
         except:
             fname = 'Calibre Library'
     x = os.path.expanduser('~'+os.sep+fname)

src/calibre/gui2/main_window.py

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ __license__   = 'GPL v3'
 __copyright__ = '2008, Kovid Goyal <kovid at kovidgoyal.net>'
 
 
-import StringIO, traceback, sys, gc, weakref
+import traceback, sys, gc, weakref
+from io import BytesIO
 
 from PyQt5.Qt import (QMainWindow, QTimer, QAction, QMenu, QMenuBar, QIcon,
                       QObject)
 from calibre.utils.config import OptionParser
 from calibre.gui2 import error_dialog
-from calibre import prints
+from calibre import prints, force_unicode
-from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
 def option_parser(usage='''\
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if type is KeyboardInterrupt:
             return
         try:
-            sio = StringIO.StringIO()
+            sio = BytesIO()
             try:
                 from calibre.debug import print_basic_debug_info
                 print_basic_debug_info(out=sio)
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 prints(value.locking_debug_msg, file=sio)
             fe = sio.getvalue()
             prints(fe, file=sys.stderr)
-            msg = '<b>%s</b>:'%type.__name__ + unicode_type(str(value), 'utf8', 'replace')
+            fe = force_unicode(fe)
+            msg = '<b>%s</b>:'%type.__name__ + force_unicode(value)
             error_dialog(self, _('Unhandled exception'), msg, det_msg=fe,
                     show=True)
         except BaseException:

src/calibre/gui2/notify.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ __docformat__ = 'restructuredtext en'
 
 import time
 from calibre import prints
-from calibre.constants import islinux, isosx, get_osx_version, DEBUG
+from calibre.constants import islinux, isosx, get_osx_version, DEBUG, ispy3
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ class AppleNotifier(Notifier):
 
     def notify(self, body, summary):
         def encode(x):
+            if ispy3:
+                if isinstance(x, bytes):
+                    x = x.decode('utf-8')
+            else:
                 if isinstance(x, unicode_type):
                     x = x.encode('utf-8')
             return x

src/calibre/gui2/store/search/search.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class SearchDialog(QDialog, Ui_Dialog):
         self.setup_store_checks()
 
         # Set the search query
-        if isinstance(query, (str, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(query, (bytes, unicode_type)):
             self.search_edit.setText(query)
         elif isinstance(query, dict):
             if 'author' in query:
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class SearchDialog(QDialog, Ui_Dialog):
         query = query.replace('<', '')
         # Remove the prefix.
         for loc in ('all', 'author', 'author2', 'authors', 'title', 'title2'):
-            query = re.sub(r'%s:"(?P<a>[^\s"]+)"' % loc, '\g<a>', query)
+            query = re.sub(r'%s:"(?P<a>[^\s"]+)"' % loc, r'\g<a>', query)
             query = query.replace('%s:' % loc, '')
         # Remove the prefix and search text.
         for loc in ('cover', 'download', 'downloads', 'drm', 'format', 'formats', 'price', 'store'):

src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/function_replace.py

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ user_functions = JSONConfig('editor-search-replace-functions')
 
 def compile_code(src, name='<string>'):
     if not isinstance(src, unicode_type):
-        match = re.search(r'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', src[:200])
+        match = re.search(br'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', src[:200])
-        enc = match.group(1) if match else 'utf-8'
+        enc = match.group(1).decode('utf-8') if match else 'utf-8'
         src = src.decode(enc)
     if not src or not src.strip():
         src = EMPTY_FUNC

src/calibre/library/add_to_library.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import os
 from hashlib import sha1
 
 from calibre.ebooks import BOOK_EXTENSIONS
-from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
 def find_folders_under(root, db, add_root=True,  # {{{
@@ -106,11 +105,9 @@ class FormatCollection(object):  # {{{
 
 def books_in_folder(folder, one_per_folder,  # {{{
         cancel_callback=lambda : False):
-    assert not isinstance(folder, unicode_type)
-
     dirpath = os.path.abspath(folder)
     if one_per_folder:
-        formats = set([])
+        formats = set()
         for path in os.listdir(dirpath):
             if cancel_callback():
                 return []

src/calibre/library/caches.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from calibre.utils.localization import (canonicalize_lang, lang_map, get_udc)
 from calibre.db.search import CONTAINS_MATCH, EQUALS_MATCH, REGEXP_MATCH, _match
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import title_sort, author_to_author_sort
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.opf2 import metadata_to_opf
-from calibre import prints
+from calibre import prints, force_unicode
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
 
 
@@ -137,7 +137,9 @@ del y, c, n, u
 
 
 def force_to_bool(val):
-    if isinstance(val, (str, unicode_type)):
+    if isinstance(val, (bytes, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(val, bytes):
+            val = force_unicode(val)
         try:
             val = icu_lower(val)
             if not val:
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ class ResultCache(SearchQueryParser):  # {{{
                 if item is None:
                     continue
                 v = item[loc]
-                if isinstance(v, (str, unicode_type)):
+                if isinstance(v, (bytes, unicode_type)):
                     v = parse_date(v)
                 if v is None or v <= UNDEFINED_DATE:
                     matches.add(item[0])
@@ -359,7 +361,7 @@ class ResultCache(SearchQueryParser):  # {{{
                 if item is None:
                     continue
                 v = item[loc]
-                if isinstance(v, (str, unicode_type)):
+                if isinstance(v, (bytes, unicode_type)):
                     v = parse_date(v)
                 if v is not None and v > UNDEFINED_DATE:
                     matches.add(item[0])
@@ -403,7 +405,7 @@ class ResultCache(SearchQueryParser):  # {{{
             if item is None or item[loc] is None:
                 continue
             v = item[loc]
-            if isinstance(v, (str, unicode_type)):
+            if isinstance(v, (bytes, unicode_type)):
                 v = parse_date(v)
             if relop(v, qd, field_count):
                 matches.add(item[0])

src/calibre/library/catalogs/csv_xml.py

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class CSV_XML(CatalogPlugin):
                         item = u'%.2g' % (item / 2.0)
 
                     # Convert HTML to markdown text
-                    if type(item) is unicode_type:
+                    if isinstance(item, unicode_type):
                         opening_tag = re.search('<(\\w+)(\x20|>)', item)
                         if opening_tag:
                             closing_tag = re.search('<\\/%s>$' % opening_tag.group(1), item)
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class CSV_XML(CatalogPlugin):
                 for field in fields:
                     if field.startswith('#'):
                         val = db.get_field(r['id'], field, index_is_id=True)
-                        if not isinstance(val, (str, unicode_type)):
+                        if not isinstance(val, unicode_type):
                             val = unicode_type(val)
                         item = getattr(E, field.replace('#', '_'))(val)
                         record.append(item)
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class CSV_XML(CatalogPlugin):
                         val = r[field]
                         if not val:
                             continue
-                        if not isinstance(val, (str, unicode_type)):
+                        if not isinstance(val, (bytes, unicode_type)):
                             if (fm.get(field, {}).get('datatype', None) ==
                                     'rating' and val):
                                 val = u'%.2g' % (val / 2.0)

src/calibre/library/custom_columns.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ __docformat__ = 'restructuredtext en'
 import json, re
 from functools import partial
 
-from calibre import prints
+from calibre import prints, force_unicode
 from calibre.constants import preferred_encoding
 from calibre.library.field_metadata import FieldMetadata
 from calibre.utils.date import parse_date
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class CustomColumns(object):
             if d['is_multiple']:
                 if x is None:
                     return []
-                if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                     x = x.split(d['multiple_seps']['ui_to_list'])
                 x = [y.strip() for y in x if y.strip()]
                 x = [y.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace') if not isinstance(y,
@@ -142,12 +142,14 @@ class CustomColumns(object):
                         x.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
 
         def adapt_datetime(x, d):
-            if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                 x = parse_date(x, assume_utc=False, as_utc=False)
             return x
 
         def adapt_bool(x, d):
-            if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, bytes):
+                    x = force_unicode(x)
                 x = x.lower()
                 if x == 'true':
                     x = True
@@ -168,7 +170,9 @@ class CustomColumns(object):
         def adapt_number(x, d):
             if x is None:
                 return None
-            if isinstance(x, (str, unicode_type, bytes)):
+            if isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
+                if isinstance(x, bytes):
+                    x = force_unicode(x)
                 if x.lower() == 'none':
                     return None
             if d['datatype'] == 'int':

src/calibre/library/database2.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from calibre.library.custom_columns import CustomColumns
 from calibre.library.sqlite import connect, IntegrityError
 from calibre.library.prefs import DBPrefs
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.book.base import Metadata
-from calibre.constants import preferred_encoding, iswindows, filesystem_encoding
+from calibre.constants import preferred_encoding, iswindows, filesystem_encoding, ispy3
 from calibre.ptempfile import (PersistentTemporaryFile,
         base_dir, SpooledTemporaryFile)
 from calibre.customize.ui import (run_plugins_on_import,
@@ -1754,12 +1754,14 @@ class LibraryDatabase2(LibraryDatabase, SchemaUpgrade, CustomColumns):
             self.rc = rc
             self.id = id
 
-        def __str__(self):
+        def __unicode_representation__(self):
-            return unicode_type(self)
+            return u'n=%s s=%s c=%d rt=%d rc=%d id=%s' % (
+                self.n, self.s, self.c, self.rt, self.rc, self.id)
 
-        def __unicode__(self):
+        if ispy3:
-            return 'n=%s s=%s c=%d rt=%d rc=%d id=%s'%\
+            __str__ = __unicode_representation__
-                            (self.n, self.s, self.c, self.rt, self.rc, self.id)
+        else:
+            __str__ = __unicode__ = __unicode_representation__
 
     def clean_user_categories(self):
         user_cats = self.prefs.get('user_categories', {})

src/calibre/srv/routes.py

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class Route(object):
             raise RouteError('The variable(s) %s are not part of the route: %s' % (','.join(unknown), self.endpoint.route))
 
         def quoted(x):
-            if not isinstance(x, unicode_type) and not isinstance(x, bytes):
+            if not isinstance(x, (unicode_type, bytes)):
                 x = unicode_type(x)
             if isinstance(x, unicode_type):
                 x = x.encode('utf-8')

src/calibre/utils/date.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, time as dtime, timedelta, MINYEAR, MAXYEAR
 from functools import partial
 
 from calibre import strftime
-from calibre.constants import iswindows, isosx, plugins
+from calibre.constants import iswindows, isosx, plugins, preferred_encoding
 from calibre.utils.iso8601 import utc_tz, local_tz, UNDEFINED_DATE
 from calibre.utils.localization import lcdata
 from polyglot.builtins import unicode_type
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ def parse_date(date_string, assume_utc=False, as_utc=True, default=None):
     from dateutil.parser import parse
     if not date_string:
         return UNDEFINED_DATE
+    if isinstance(date_string, bytes):
+        date_string = date_string.decode(preferred_encoding, 'replace')
     if default is None:
         func = datetime.utcnow if assume_utc else datetime.now
         default = func().replace(day=15, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0,

src/calibre/utils/formatter_functions.py

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class FormatterFunction(object):
 
     def eval_(self, formatter, kwargs, mi, locals, *args):
         ret = self.evaluate(formatter, kwargs, mi, locals, *args)
-        if isinstance(ret, (str, unicode_type)):
+        if isinstance(ret, (bytes, unicode_type)):
             return ret
         if isinstance(ret, list):
             return ','.join(ret)

src/calibre/utils/ipc/simple_worker.py

@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ def offload_worker(env={}, priority='normal', cwd=None):
 def compile_code(src):
     import re, io
     if not isinstance(src, unicode_type):
-        match = re.search(r'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', src[:200])
+        match = re.search(br'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', src[:200])
-        enc = match.group(1) if match else 'utf-8'
+        enc = match.group(1).decode('utf-8') if match else 'utf-8'
         src = src.decode(enc)
     # Python complains if there is a coding declaration in a unicode string
     src = re.sub(r'^#.*coding\s*[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', '#', src, flags=re.MULTILINE)

src/calibre/web/feeds/recipes/__init__.py

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def compile_recipe(src):
     :return: Recipe class or None, if no such class was found in src
     '''
     if not isinstance(src, unicode_type):
-        match = re.search(r'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', src[:200])
+        match = re.search(br'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', src[:200])
-        enc = match.group(1) if match else 'utf-8'
+        enc = match.group(1).decode('utf-8') if match else 'utf-8'
         src = src.decode(enc)
     # Python complains if there is a coding declaration in a unicode string
     src = re.sub(r'^#.*coding\s*[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', '#', src.lstrip(u'\ufeff'), flags=re.MULTILINE)

src/polyglot/builtins.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ if is_py3:
     zip = builtins.__dict__['zip']
     map = builtins.__dict__['map']
     filter = builtins.__dict__['filter']
+    range = builtins.__dict__['range']
 
     codepoint_to_chr = chr
     unicode_type = str
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ else:
 """)
 
     from future_builtins import zip, map, filter  # noqa
+    range = xrange
     import __builtin__ as builtins
 
     codepoint_to_chr = unichr