diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/library/alternate_views.py b/src/calibre/gui2/library/alternate_views.py
index 8160cda63a..6bb0d50c60 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/library/alternate_views.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/library/alternate_views.py
@@ -60,10 +60,11 @@ from qt.core import (
 from calibre import fit_image, human_readable, prepare_string_for_xml
 from calibre.constants import DEBUG, config_dir, islinux
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import fmt_sidx, rating_to_stars
-from calibre.gui2 import clip_border_radius, config, empty_index, gprefs, rating_font
+from calibre.gui2 import clip_border_radius, config, empty_index, gprefs, rating_font, is_dark_theme
 from calibre.gui2.dnd import path_from_qurl
 from calibre.gui2.gestures import GestureManager
 from calibre.gui2.library.caches import CoverCache, ThumbnailCache
+from calibre.gui2.library.models import themed_icon_name
 from calibre.gui2.pin_columns import PinContainer
 from calibre.utils import join_with_timeout
 from calibre.utils.config import prefs, tweaks
@@ -554,7 +555,12 @@ class CoverDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate):
         elif name == ':ondevice':
             ans = QIcon.ic('ok.png').pixmap(sz, sz)
         elif name:
-            pmap = QIcon(os.path.join(config_dir, 'cc_icons', name)).pixmap(sz, sz)
+            pmap = None
+            d = themed_icon_name(os.path.join(config_dir, 'cc_icons'), name)
+            if d is not None:
+                pmap = QIcon(d).pixmap(sz, sz)
+            if pmap is None:
+                pmap = QIcon(os.path.join(config_dir, 'cc_icons', name)).pixmap(sz, sz)
             if not pmap.isNull():
                 ans = pmap
         cache[name] = ans
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py b/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py
index 0aacc88c89..7cb22a0af7 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from calibre.db.search import CONTAINS_MATCH, EQUALS_MATCH, REGEXP_MATCH, _match
 from calibre.db.utils import force_to_bool
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import authors_to_string, fmt_sidx, string_to_authors
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.book.formatter import SafeFormat
-from calibre.gui2 import error_dialog, simple_excepthook
+from calibre.gui2 import error_dialog, simple_excepthook, is_dark_theme
 from calibre.gui2.library import DEFAULT_SORT
 from calibre.library.coloring import color_row_key
 from calibre.library.save_to_disk import find_plugboard
@@ -93,6 +93,20 @@ class ColumnColor:  # {{{
 # }}}
 
 
+def themed_icon_name(icon_dir, icon_name):
+    root,ext = os.path.splitext(icon_name)
+    # Remove any theme from the icon name
+    root = root.removesuffix('-for-dark-theme').removesuffix('-for-light-theme')
+    # Check if the correct themed icon exists.
+    theme_suffix = '-for-dark-theme' if is_dark_theme() else '-for-light-theme'
+    d = os.path.join(icon_dir, root + theme_suffix + ext)
+    if os.path.exists(d):
+        return d
+    # No themed icon exists. Try the original name
+    d = os.path.join(icon_dir, icon_name)
+    return d if os.path.exists(d) else None
+
+
 class ColumnIcon:  # {{{
 
     def __init__(self, formatter, model):
@@ -132,9 +146,10 @@ class ColumnIcon:  # {{{
                 total_width = 0
                 rh = max(2, self.model.row_height - 4)
                 dim = int(self.dpr * rh)
+                icon_dir = os.path.join(config_dir, 'cc_icons')
                 for icon in icons:
-                    d = os.path.join(config_dir, 'cc_icons', icon)
-                    if (os.path.exists(d)):
+                    d = themed_icon_name(icon_dir, icon)
+                    if d is not None:
                         bm = QPixmap(d)
                         scaled, nw, nh = fit_image(bm.width(), bm.height(), bm.width(), dim)
                         bm = bm.scaled(int(nw), int(nh), aspectRatioMode=Qt.AspectRatioMode.IgnoreAspectRatio,
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/coloring.py b/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/coloring.py
index fd7a9cb32d..8bcb4df120 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/coloring.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/coloring.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from qt.core import (
     QDoubleValidator,
     QFrame,
     QGridLayout,
+    QHBoxLayout,
     QIcon,
     QIntValidator,
     QItemSelection,
@@ -47,7 +48,8 @@ from qt.core import (
 
 from calibre import as_unicode, prepare_string_for_xml, sanitize_file_name
 from calibre.constants import config_dir
-from calibre.gui2 import choose_files, choose_save_file, error_dialog, gprefs, open_local_file, pixmap_to_data, question_dialog
+from calibre.gui2 import (choose_files, choose_save_file, error_dialog, gprefs, info_dialog,
+                          open_local_file, pixmap_to_data, question_dialog)
 from calibre.gui2.dialogs.template_dialog import TemplateDialog
 from calibre.gui2.metadata.single_download import RichTextDelegate
 from calibre.gui2.preferences import ListViewWithMoveByKeyPress
@@ -512,11 +514,19 @@ class RuleEditor(QDialog):  # {{{
             ' blanking all of its boxes'))
         l.addWidget(l6, 8, 0, 1, 8)
 
+        bbl = QHBoxLayout()
         self.bb = bb = QDialogButtonBox(
                 QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Ok|QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Cancel)
         bb.accepted.connect(self.accept)
         bb.rejected.connect(self.reject)
-        l.addWidget(bb, 9, 0, 1, 8)
+        if self.rule_kind in ('emblem', 'icon'):
+            theme_button = QPushButton(_('Using icons in light/dark themes'))
+            theme_button.setIcon(QIcon.ic('help.png'))
+            theme_button.clicked.connect(self.show_theme_help)
+            bbl.addWidget(theme_button)
+        bbl.addStretch(10)
+        bbl.addWidget(bb)
+        l.addLayout(bbl, 9, 0, 1, 8)
         if self.rule_kind != 'color':
             self.remove_button = b = bb.addButton(_('&Remove icons'), QDialogButtonBox.ButtonRole.ActionRole)
             b.setIcon(QIcon.ic('minus.png'))
@@ -555,6 +565,30 @@ class RuleEditor(QDialog):  # {{{
 
         self.resize(self.sizeHint())
 
+    def show_theme_help(self):
+        msg = '<p>'+ _(
+            'You can use different icons in light and dark themes. To do this, '
+            'add two icons to the icon list. One of the icons must have either the '
+            '"plain" name, for example "ok.png", or the themed name, for example '
+            '"ok-for-light-theme.png". The other icon must have a themed name with '
+            'the same prefix, for example "ok-for-dark-theme.png". '
+            '</p><p>'
+            'Example: if the light theme icon is named "ok.png" then the dark '
+            'theme icon must be named "ok-for-dark-theme.png". If the light '
+            'theme icon is named "ok-for-light-theme.png" then the dark theme '
+            'icon must be named either ok.png or "ok-for-dark-theme.png".'
+            '</p><p>'
+            'When defining a rule, use either of the icon names. The correct '
+            'icon for the theme will automatically be used, if it exists.'
+            '</p><p>'
+            'You are not required to change existing rules to use theming. Decide '
+            'the theme where the existing icon should be used then add the '
+            'other icon with the correct themed name. '
+            '</p><p>'
+            'Remember to add both the light and dark theme icons to the list of icons.'
+        ) + '</p>'
+        info_dialog(self, _('Using icons in light/dark themes'), msg, show=True)
+
     def multiple_box_clicked(self):
         self.update_filename_box()
         self.update_icon_filenames_in_box()