diff --git a/setup/resources.py b/setup/resources.py
index 8fe099c0df..fbd918c5df 100644
--- a/setup/resources.py
+++ b/setup/resources.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import zipfile
 
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems, only_unicode_recursive
+from polyglot.builtins import only_unicode_recursive
 from setup import Command, basenames, download_securely, dump_json
 
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class Resources(Command):  # {{{
         dump_json(function_dict, dest)
         self.info('\tCreating user-manual-translation-stats.json')
         d = {}
-        for lc, stats in iteritems(json.load(open(self.j(self.d(self.SRC), 'manual', 'locale', 'completed.json')))):
+        for lc, stats in json.load(open(self.j(self.d(self.SRC), 'manual', 'locale', 'completed.json'))).items():
             total = sum(stats.values())
             d[lc] = stats['translated'] / float(total)
         dump_json(d, self.j(self.RESOURCES, 'user-manual-translation-stats.json'))
diff --git a/setup/translations.py b/setup/translations.py
index 138e9babe7..654eb14e0e 100644
--- a/setup/translations.py
+++ b/setup/translations.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from functools import lru_cache, partial
 from locale import normalize as normalize_locale
 
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 from setup import Command, __appname__, __version__, build_cache_dir, dump_json, edit_file, is_ci, require_git_master
 from setup.iso_codes import iso_data
 from setup.parallel_build import batched_parallel_jobs
@@ -500,7 +499,7 @@ class Translations(POT):  # {{{
                     raw = None
                     po_data = data.decode('utf-8')
                     data = json.loads(msgfmt(po_data))
-                    translated_entries = {k:v for k, v in iteritems(data['entries']) if v and sum(map(len, v))}
+                    translated_entries = {k:v for k, v in data['entries'].items() if v and sum(map(len, v))}
                     data['entries'] = translated_entries
                     data['hash'] = h.hexdigest()
                     cdata = b'{}'
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/cache.py b/src/calibre/db/cache.py
index 6ca9826849..527d1c0d32 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/cache.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/cache.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ from calibre.utils.filenames import make_long_path_useable
 from calibre.utils.icu import lower as icu_lower
 from calibre.utils.icu import sort_key
 from calibre.utils.localization import canonicalize_lang
-from polyglot.builtins import cmp, iteritems
+from polyglot.builtins import cmp
 
 
 class ExtraFile(NamedTuple):
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ class Cache:
         ''' Return a mapping of id to usage count for all values of the specified
         field, which must be a many-one or many-many field. '''
         try:
-            return {k:len(v) for k, v in iteritems(self.fields[field].table.col_book_map)}
+            return {k:len(v) for k, v in self.fields[field].table.col_book_map.items()}
         except AttributeError:
             raise ValueError(f'{field} is not a many-one or many-many field')
 
@@ -2477,7 +2477,7 @@ class Cache:
             insensitive).
 
         '''
-        tag_map = {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in iteritems(self._get_id_map('tags'))}
+        tag_map = {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in self._get_id_map('tags').items()}
         tag = icu_lower(tag.strip())
         mht = icu_lower(must_have_tag.strip()) if must_have_tag else None
         tag_id, mht_id = tag_map.get(tag, None), tag_map.get(mht, None)
@@ -2490,7 +2490,7 @@ class Cache:
                 tagged_books = tagged_books.intersection(self._books_for_field('tags', mht_id))
             if tagged_books:
                 if must_have_authors is not None:
-                    amap = {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in iteritems(self._get_id_map('authors'))}
+                    amap = {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in self._get_id_map('authors').items()}
                     books = None
                     for author in must_have_authors:
                         abooks = self._books_for_field('authors', amap.get(icu_lower(author), None))
@@ -3600,7 +3600,7 @@ def import_library(library_key, importer, library_path, progress=None, abort=Non
     cache = Cache(DB(library_path, load_user_formatter_functions=False))
     cache.init()
 
-    format_data = {int(book_id):data for book_id, data in iteritems(metadata['format_data'])}
+    format_data = {int(book_id):data for book_id, data in metadata['format_data'].items()}
     extra_files = {int(book_id):data for book_id, data in metadata.get('extra_files', {}).items()}
     for i, (book_id, fmt_key_map) in enumerate(format_data.items()):
         if abort is not None and abort.is_set():
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_custom_columns.py b/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_custom_columns.py
index 1a041c9134..96f4b5c7a5 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_custom_columns.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_custom_columns.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 from pprint import pformat
 
 from calibre import prints
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 readonly = True
 version = 0  # change this if you change signature of implementation()
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ List available custom columns. Shows column labels and ids.
 
 
 def main(opts, args, dbctx):
-    for col, data in iteritems(dbctx.run('custom_columns')):
+    for col, data in dbctx.run('custom_columns').items():
         if opts.details:
             prints(col)
             print()
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_saved_searches.py b/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_saved_searches.py
index 96f3f594f1..818b35de1f 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_saved_searches.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/cli/cmd_saved_searches.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ version = 0  # change this if you change signature of implementation()
 
 from calibre import prints
 from calibre.srv.changes import saved_searches
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def implementation(db, notify_changes, action, *args):
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ Syntax for removing:
 def main(opts, args, dbctx):
     args = args or ['list']
     if args[0] == 'list':
-        for name, value in iteritems(dbctx.run('saved_searches', 'list')):
+        for name, value in dbctx.run('saved_searches', 'list').items():
             prints(_('Name:'), name)
             prints(_('Search string:'), value)
             print()
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/copy_to_library.py b/src/calibre/db/copy_to_library.py
index 6976551c38..40eb0fcd81 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/copy_to_library.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/copy_to_library.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 from calibre.db.utils import find_identical_books
 from calibre.utils.config import tweaks
 from calibre.utils.date import now
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def automerge_book(automerge_action, book_id, mi, identical_book_list, newdb, format_map, extra_file_map):
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ def copy_one_book(
             if path:
                 format_map[fmt.upper()] = path
         identical_book_list = set()
-        new_authors = {k for k, v in iteritems(newdb.get_item_ids('authors', mi.authors)) if v is None}
+        new_authors = {k for k, v in newdb.get_item_ids('authors', mi.authors).items() if v is None}
         new_book_id = None
         return_data = {
                 'book_id': book_id, 'title': mi.title, 'authors': mi.authors, 'author': mi.format_field('authors')[1],
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/legacy.py b/src/calibre/db/legacy.py
index 2dddab5c99..2ed5828fb6 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/legacy.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/legacy.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from calibre.db.write import clean_identifier, get_series_values
 from calibre.utils.date import utcnow
 from calibre.utils.icu import lower as icu_lower
 from calibre.utils.search_query_parser import set_saved_searches
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def cleanup_tags(tags):
@@ -531,7 +530,7 @@ class LibraryDatabase:
         ans = set()
         if title:
             title = icu_lower(force_unicode(title))
-            for book_id, x in iteritems(self.new_api.get_id_map('title')):
+            for book_id, x in self.new_api.get_id_map('title').items():
                 if icu_lower(x) == title:
                     ans.add(book_id)
                     if not all_matches:
@@ -636,7 +635,7 @@ class LibraryDatabase:
 
     def delete_tags(self, tags):
         with self.new_api.write_lock:
-            tag_map = {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in iteritems(self.new_api._get_id_map('tags'))}
+            tag_map = {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in self.new_api._get_id_map('tags').items()}
             tag_ids = (tag_map.get(icu_lower(tag), None) for tag in tags)
             tag_ids = tuple(tid for tid in tag_ids if tid is not None)
             if tag_ids:
@@ -961,7 +960,7 @@ for field in ('authors', 'tags', 'publisher', 'series'):
 LibraryDatabase.all_formats = lambda self: self.new_api.all_field_names('formats')
 LibraryDatabase.all_custom = lambda self, label=None, num=None:self.new_api.all_field_names(self.custom_field_name(label, num))
 
-for func, field in iteritems({'all_authors':'authors', 'all_titles':'title', 'all_tags2':'tags', 'all_series':'series', 'all_publishers':'publisher'}):
+for func, field in {'all_authors':'authors', 'all_titles':'title', 'all_tags2':'tags', 'all_series':'series', 'all_publishers':'publisher'}.items():
     def getter(field):
         def func(self):
             return self.field_id_map(field)
@@ -971,7 +970,7 @@ for func, field in iteritems({'all_authors':'authors', 'all_titles':'title', 'al
 LibraryDatabase.all_tags = lambda self: list(self.all_tag_names())
 LibraryDatabase.get_all_identifier_types = lambda self: list(self.new_api.fields['identifiers'].table.all_identifier_types())
 LibraryDatabase.get_authors_with_ids = lambda self: [[aid, adata['name'], adata['sort'], adata['link']] for aid, adata in self.new_api.author_data().items()]
-LibraryDatabase.get_author_id = lambda self, author: {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in iteritems(self.new_api.get_id_map('authors'))}.get(icu_lower(author), None)
+LibraryDatabase.get_author_id = lambda self, author: {icu_lower(v):k for k, v in self.new_api.get_id_map('authors').items()}.get(icu_lower(author), None)
 
 for field in ('tags', 'series', 'publishers', 'ratings', 'languages'):
     def getter(field):
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/tests/add_remove.py b/src/calibre/db/tests/add_remove.py
index 47cba463bc..573b98dc1a 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/tests/add_remove.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/tests/add_remove.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from calibre.ptempfile import PersistentTemporaryFile
 from calibre.utils.date import UNDEFINED_DATE, now, utcnow
 from calibre.utils.img import image_from_path
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_image_path
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def import_test(replacement_data, replacement_fmt=None):
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ class AddRemoveTest(BaseTest):
         authorpath = os.path.dirname(bookpath)
         os.mkdir(os.path.join(authorpath, '.DS_Store'))
         open(os.path.join(authorpath, 'Thumbs.db'), 'wb').close()
-        item_id = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.fields['#series'].table.id_map)}['My Series Two']
+        item_id = {v:k for k, v in cache.fields['#series'].table.id_map.items()}['My Series Two']
         cache.remove_books((1,), permanent=True)
         for x in (fmtpath, bookpath, authorpath):
             af(os.path.exists(x), f'The file {x} exists, when it should not')
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ class AddRemoveTest(BaseTest):
         os.mkdir(os.path.join(bookpath, 'xyz'))
         open(os.path.join(bookpath, 'xyz', 'abc'), 'w').close()
         authorpath = os.path.dirname(bookpath)
-        item_id = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.fields['#series'].table.id_map)}['My Series Two']
+        item_id = {v:k for k, v in cache.fields['#series'].table.id_map.items()}['My Series Two']
         cache.remove_books((1,))
         for x in (fmtpath, bookpath, authorpath):
             af(os.path.exists(x), f'The file {x} exists, when it should not')
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/tests/legacy.py b/src/calibre/db/tests/legacy.py
index 3d437e6afc..7598e89a5d 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/tests/legacy.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/tests/legacy.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from operator import itemgetter
 from calibre.db.constants import NOTES_DIR_NAME
 from calibre.db.tests.base import BaseTest
 from calibre.library.field_metadata import fm_as_dict
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 # Utils {{{
 
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ class LegacyTest(BaseTest):
 
         self.assertEqual(dict(db.prefs), dict(ndb.prefs))
 
-        for meth, args in iteritems({
+        for meth, args in {
             'find_identical_books': [(Metadata('title one', ['author one']),), (Metadata('unknown'),), (Metadata('xxxx'),)],
             'get_books_for_category': [('tags', newstag), ('#formats', 'FMT1')],
             'get_next_series_num_for': [('A Series One',)],
@@ -260,7 +259,7 @@ class LegacyTest(BaseTest):
             'book_on_device_string':[(1,), (2,), (3,)],
             'books_in_series_of':[(0,), (1,), (2,)],
             'books_with_same_title':[(Metadata(db.title(0)),), (Metadata(db.title(1)),), (Metadata('1234'),)],
-        }):
+        }.items():
             if meth[0] in {'!', '@'}:
                 fmt = {'!':dict, '@':frozenset}[meth[0]]
                 meth = meth[1:]
@@ -677,10 +676,10 @@ class LegacyTest(BaseTest):
 
         ndb = self.init_legacy(self.cloned_library)
         db = self.init_old(self.cloned_library)
-        a = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('authors'))}['Author One']
-        t = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('tags'))}['Tag One']
-        s = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('series'))}['A Series One']
-        p = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('publisher'))}['Publisher One']
+        a = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('authors').items()}['Author One']
+        t = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('tags').items()}['Tag One']
+        s = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('series').items()}['A Series One']
+        p = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('publisher').items()}['Publisher One']
         run_funcs(self, db, ndb, (
             ('rename_author', a, 'Author Two'),
             ('rename_tag', t, 'News'),
@@ -718,11 +717,11 @@ class LegacyTest(BaseTest):
                 run_funcs(self, db, ndb, [(func, idx, label) for idx in range(3)])
 
         # Test renaming/deleting
-        t = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#tags'))}['My Tag One']
-        t2 = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#tags'))}['My Tag Two']
-        a = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#authors'))}['My Author Two']
-        a2 = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#authors'))}['Custom One']
-        s = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#series'))}['My Series One']
+        t = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#tags').items()}['My Tag One']
+        t2 = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#tags').items()}['My Tag Two']
+        a = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#authors').items()}['My Author Two']
+        a2 = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#authors').items()}['Custom One']
+        s = {v:k for k, v in ndb.new_api.get_id_map('#series').items()}['My Series One']
         run_funcs(self, db, ndb, (
             ('delete_custom_item_using_id', t, 'tags'),
             ('delete_custom_item_using_id', a, 'authors'),
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/tests/reading.py b/src/calibre/db/tests/reading.py
index 773eebfdb1..da007285aa 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/tests/reading.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/tests/reading.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from time import time
 from calibre.db.tests.base import BaseTest
 from calibre.utils.date import utc_tz
 from calibre.utils.localization import calibre_langcode_to_name
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def p(x):
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ class ReadingTest(BaseTest):
 
         lmap = {x:cache.field_for('languages', x) for x in (1, 2, 3)}
         lq = sorted(lmap, key=lambda x: calibre_langcode_to_name((lmap[x] or ('',))[0]))
-        for field, order in iteritems({
+        for field, order in {
             'title'  : [2, 1, 3],
             'authors': [2, 1, 3],
             'series' : [3, 1, 2],
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ class ReadingTest(BaseTest):
             '#yesno':[2, 1, 3],
             '#comments':[3, 2, 1],
             'id': [1, 2, 3],
-        }):
+        }.items():
             x = list(reversed(order))
             ae(order, cache.multisort([(field, True)],
                 ids_to_sort=x),
diff --git a/src/calibre/db/tests/writing.py b/src/calibre/db/tests/writing.py
index a031622447..d6123e0f7a 100644
--- a/src/calibre/db/tests/writing.py
+++ b/src/calibre/db/tests/writing.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from calibre.db.tests.base import IMG, BaseTest
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import author_to_author_sort, title_sort
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.book.base import Metadata
 from calibre.utils.date import UNDEFINED_DATE
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 class WritingTest(BaseTest):
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
         self.assertEqual(cache.set_field('#enum', {1:None}), {1})
         cache2 = self.init_cache(cl)
         for c in (cache, cache2):
-            for i, val in iteritems({1:None, 2:'One', 3:'Three'}):
+            for i, val in {1:None, 2:'One', 3:'Three'}.items():
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('#enum', i), val)
         del cache2
 
@@ -179,9 +178,9 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
         self.assertEqual(cache.set_field('#rating', {1:None, 2:4, 3:8}), {1, 2, 3})
         cache2 = self.init_cache(cl)
         for c in (cache, cache2):
-            for i, val in iteritems({1:None, 2:4, 3:2}):
+            for i, val in {1:None, 2:4, 3:2}.items():
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('rating', i), val)
-            for i, val in iteritems({1:None, 2:4, 3:8}):
+            for i, val in {1:None, 2:4, 3:8}.items():
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('#rating', i), val)
         del cache2
 
@@ -194,14 +193,14 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
         self.assertEqual(cache.set_field('#series', {2:'Series [0]'}), {2})
         cache2 = self.init_cache(cl)
         for c in (cache, cache2):
-            for i, val in iteritems({1:'A Series One', 2:'A Series One', 3:'Series'}):
+            for i, val in {1:'A Series One', 2:'A Series One', 3:'Series'}.items():
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('series', i), val)
             cs_indices = {1:c.field_for('#series_index', 1), 3:c.field_for('#series_index', 3)}
             for i in (1, 2, 3):
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('#series', i), 'Series')
-            for i, val in iteritems({1:2, 2:1, 3:3}):
+            for i, val in {1:2, 2:1, 3:3}.items():
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('series_index', i), val)
-            for i, val in iteritems({1:cs_indices[1], 2:0, 3:cs_indices[3]}):
+            for i, val in {1:cs_indices[1], 2:0, 3:cs_indices[3]}.items():
                 self.assertEqual(c.field_for('#series_index', i), val)
         del cache2
 
@@ -607,9 +606,9 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
         cl = self.cloned_library
         cache = self.init_cache(cl)
         # Check that renaming authors updates author sort and path
-        a = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('authors'))}['Unknown']
+        a = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('authors').items()}['Unknown']
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('authors', {a:'New Author'})[0], {3})
-        a = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('authors'))}['Author One']
+        a = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('authors').items()}['Author One']
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('authors', {a:'Author Two'})[0], {1, 2})
         for c in (cache, self.init_cache(cl)):
             self.assertEqual(c.all_field_names('authors'), {'New Author', 'Author Two'})
@@ -618,7 +617,7 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
             self.assertEqual(c.field_for('authors', 1), ('Author Two',))
             self.assertEqual(c.field_for('author_sort', 1), 'Two, Author')
 
-        t = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('tags'))}['Tag One']
+        t = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('tags').items()}['Tag One']
         # Test case change
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('tags', {t:'tag one'}), ({1, 2}, {t:t}))
         for c in (cache, self.init_cache(cl)):
@@ -638,14 +637,14 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
             self.assertEqual(set(c.field_for('tags', 1)), {'Tag Two', 'News'})
             self.assertEqual(set(c.field_for('tags', 2)), {'Tag Two'})
         # Test on a custom column
-        t = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('#tags'))}['My Tag One']
+        t = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('#tags').items()}['My Tag One']
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('#tags', {t:'My Tag Two'})[0], {2})
         for c in (cache, self.init_cache(cl)):
             self.assertEqual(c.all_field_names('#tags'), {'My Tag Two'})
             self.assertEqual(set(c.field_for('#tags', 2)), {'My Tag Two'})
 
         # Test a Many-one field
-        s = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('series'))}['A Series One']
+        s = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('series').items()}['A Series One']
         # Test case change
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('series', {s:'a series one'}), ({1, 2}, {s:s}))
         for c in (cache, self.init_cache(cl)):
@@ -661,7 +660,7 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
             self.assertEqual(c.field_for('series', 2), 'series')
             self.assertEqual(c.field_for('series_index', 1), 2.0)
 
-        s = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('#series'))}['My Series One']
+        s = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('#series').items()}['My Series One']
         # Test custom column with rename to existing
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('#series', {s:'My Series Two'})[0], {2})
         for c in (cache, self.init_cache(cl)):
@@ -672,7 +671,7 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
 
         # Test renaming many-many items to multiple items
         cache = self.init_cache(self.cloned_library)
-        t = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('tags'))}['Tag One']
+        t = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('tags').items()}['Tag One']
         affected_books, id_map = cache.rename_items('tags', {t:'Something, Else, Entirely'})
         self.assertEqual({1, 2}, affected_books)
         tmap = cache.get_id_map('tags')
@@ -687,7 +686,7 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
         # Test with restriction
         cache = self.init_cache()
         cache.set_field('tags', {1:'a,b,c', 2:'x,y,z', 3:'a,x,z'})
-        tmap = {v:k for k, v in iteritems(cache.get_id_map('tags'))}
+        tmap = {v:k for k, v in cache.get_id_map('tags').items()}
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('tags', {tmap['a']:'r'}, restrict_to_book_ids=()), (set(), {}))
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('tags', {tmap['a']:'r', tmap['b']:'q'}, restrict_to_book_ids=(1,))[0], {1})
         self.assertEqual(cache.rename_items('tags', {tmap['x']:'X'}, restrict_to_book_ids=(2,))[0], {2})
@@ -808,7 +807,7 @@ class WritingTest(BaseTest):
         conn.execute('INSERT INTO tags (name) VALUES ("t")')
         norm = conn.last_insert_rowid()
         conn.execute('DELETE FROM books_tags_link')
-        for book_id, vals in iteritems({1:(lid, uid), 2:(uid, mid), 3:(lid, norm)}):
+        for book_id, vals in {1:(lid, uid), 2:(uid, mid), 3:(lid, norm)}.items():
             conn.executemany('INSERT INTO books_tags_link (book,tag) VALUES (?,?)',
                              tuple((book_id, x) for x in vals))
         cache.reload_from_db()
diff --git a/src/calibre/devices/mtp/driver.py b/src/calibre/devices/mtp/driver.py
index d0556dd6a1..b2be64a2b9 100644
--- a/src/calibre/devices/mtp/driver.py
+++ b/src/calibre/devices/mtp/driver.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from calibre.devices.mtp.filesystem_cache import FileOrFolder, convert_timestamp
 from calibre.ptempfile import PersistentTemporaryDirectory, SpooledTemporaryFile
 from calibre.utils.filenames import shorten_components_to
 from calibre.utils.icu import lower as icu_lower
-from polyglot.builtins import as_bytes, iteritems
+from polyglot.builtins import as_bytes
 
 BASE = importlib.import_module('calibre.devices.mtp.{}.driver'.format('windows' if iswindows else 'unix')).MTP_DEVICE
 DEFAULT_THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT = 320
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ class MTP_DEVICE(BASE):
     def get_user_blacklisted_devices(self):
         bl = frozenset(self.prefs['blacklist'])
         ans = {}
-        for dev, x in iteritems(self.prefs['history']):
+        for dev, x in self.prefs['history'].items():
             name = x[0]
             if dev in bl:
                 ans[dev] = name
diff --git a/src/calibre/devices/winusb.py b/src/calibre/devices/winusb.py
index 4bf6bb392d..650bac629c 100644
--- a/src/calibre/devices/winusb.py
+++ b/src/calibre/devices/winusb.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from operator import itemgetter
 from pprint import pformat, pprint
 
 from calibre import as_unicode, prints
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 try:
     import winreg
@@ -671,13 +670,13 @@ def get_volume_information(drive_letter):
         'max_component_length': max_component_length.value,
     }
 
-    for name, num in iteritems({'FILE_CASE_PRESERVED_NAMES':0x00000002, 'FILE_CASE_SENSITIVE_SEARCH':0x00000001, 'FILE_FILE_COMPRESSION':0x00000010,
+    for name, num in {'FILE_CASE_PRESERVED_NAMES':0x00000002, 'FILE_CASE_SENSITIVE_SEARCH':0x00000001, 'FILE_FILE_COMPRESSION':0x00000010,
               'FILE_NAMED_STREAMS':0x00040000, 'FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS':0x00000008, 'FILE_READ_ONLY_VOLUME':0x00080000,
               'FILE_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_ONCE':0x00100000, 'FILE_SUPPORTS_ENCRYPTION':0x00020000, 'FILE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES':0x00800000,
               'FILE_SUPPORTS_HARD_LINKS':0x00400000, 'FILE_SUPPORTS_OBJECT_IDS':0x00010000, 'FILE_SUPPORTS_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID':0x01000000,
               'FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS':0x00000080, 'FILE_SUPPORTS_SPARSE_FILES':0x00000040, 'FILE_SUPPORTS_TRANSACTIONS':0x00200000,
               'FILE_SUPPORTS_USN_JOURNAL':0x02000000, 'FILE_UNICODE_ON_DISK':0x00000004, 'FILE_VOLUME_IS_COMPRESSED':0x00008000,
-              'FILE_VOLUME_QUOTAS':0x00000020}):
+              'FILE_VOLUME_QUOTAS':0x00000020}.items():
         ans[name] = bool(num & flags)
     return ans
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/css_transform_rules.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/css_transform_rules.py
index 8b25e25755..7782ed063b 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/css_transform_rules.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/css_transform_rules.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from css_parser.css import CSSRule, Property
 from calibre import force_unicode
 from calibre.ebooks import parse_css_length
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.normalize_css import normalizers, safe_parser
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def compile_pat(pat):
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class StyleDeclaration:
                 yield p, None
             else:
                 if p not in self.expanded_properties:
-                    self.expanded_properties[p] = [Property(k, v, p.literalpriority) for k, v in iteritems(n(p.name, p.propertyValue))]
+                    self.expanded_properties[p] = [Property(k, v, p.literalpriority) for k, v in n(p.name, p.propertyValue).items()]
                 for ep in self.expanded_properties[p]:
                     yield ep, p
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/block_styles.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/block_styles.py
index edf680d47b..96b525e091 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/block_styles.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/block_styles.py
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ __copyright__ = '2013, Kovid Goyal <kovid at kovidgoyal.net>'
 import numbers
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
-
 
 class Inherit:
 
@@ -136,7 +134,7 @@ def read_border(parent, dest, XPath, get, border_edges=border_edges, name='pBdr'
 
     for border in XPath('./w:' + name)(parent):
         for edge in border_edges:
-            for prop, val in iteritems(read_single_border(border, edge, XPath, get)):
+            for prop, val in read_single_border(border, edge, XPath, get).items():
                 if val is not None:
                     vals[prop % edge] = val
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/images.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/images.py
index 6a83407436..f8cfda5aa7 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/images.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/images.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from calibre.ebooks.docx.names import SVG_BLIP_URI, barename
 from calibre.utils.filenames import ascii_filename
 from calibre.utils.img import image_to_data, resize_to_fit
 from calibre.utils.imghdr import what
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 class LinkedImageNotFound(ValueError):
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ def get_image_properties(parent, XPath, get):
 
 def get_image_margins(elem):
     ans = {}
-    for w, css in iteritems({'L':'left', 'T':'top', 'R':'right', 'B':'bottom'}):
+    for w, css in {'L':'left', 'T':'top', 'R':'right', 'B':'bottom'}.items():
         val = elem.get(f'dist{w}', None)
         if val is not None:
             try:
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/container.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/container.py
index b729ef73dc..c951931adc 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/container.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/container.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from calibre.ebooks.pdf.render.common import PAPER_SIZES
 from calibre.utils.date import utcnow
 from calibre.utils.localization import canonicalize_lang, lang_as_iso639_1
 from calibre.utils.zipfile import ZipFile
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def xml2str(root, pretty_print=False, with_tail=False):
@@ -120,12 +119,12 @@ class DocumentRelationships:
     def __init__(self, namespace):
         self.rmap = {}
         self.namespace = namespace
-        for typ, target in iteritems({
+        for typ, target in {
                 namespace.names['STYLES']: 'styles.xml',
                 namespace.names['NUMBERING']: 'numbering.xml',
                 namespace.names['WEB_SETTINGS']: 'webSettings.xml',
                 namespace.names['FONTS']: 'fontTable.xml',
-        }):
+        }.items():
             self.add_relationship(target, typ)
 
     def get_relationship_id(self, target, rtype, target_mode=None):
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ class DOCX:
     def contenttypes(self):
         E = ElementMaker(namespace=self.namespace.namespaces['ct'], nsmap={None:self.namespace.namespaces['ct']})
         types = E.Types()
-        for partname, mt in iteritems({
+        for partname, mt in {
             '/word/footnotes.xml': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.footnotes+xml',
             '/word/document.xml': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.main+xml',
             '/word/numbering.xml': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.numbering+xml',
@@ -184,15 +183,15 @@ class DOCX:
             '/word/webSettings.xml': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.webSettings+xml',
             '/docProps/core.xml': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.core-properties+xml',
             '/docProps/app.xml': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.extended-properties+xml',
-        }):
+        }.items():
             types.append(E.Override(PartName=partname, ContentType=mt))
         added = {'png', 'gif', 'jpeg', 'jpg', 'svg', 'xml'}
         for ext in added:
             types.append(E.Default(Extension=ext, ContentType=guess_type('a.'+ext)[0]))
-        for ext, mt in iteritems({
+        for ext, mt in {
             'rels': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.relationships+xml',
             'odttf': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.obfuscatedFont',
-        }):
+        }.items():
             added.add(ext)
             types.append(E.Default(Extension=ext, ContentType=mt))
         for fname in self.images:
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/styles.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/styles.py
index 6ed0d5e507..0df4b37ee6 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/styles.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/docx/writer/styles.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from tinycss.css21 import CSS21Parser
 from calibre.ebooks import parse_css_length
 from calibre.ebooks.docx.writer.utils import convert_color, int_or_zero
 from calibre.utils.localization import lang_as_iso639_1
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 css_parser = CSS21Parser()
 
@@ -589,7 +588,7 @@ class BlockStyle(DOCXStyle):
     def serialize_properties(self, pPr, normal_style):
         makeelement, w = self.makeelement, self.w
         spacing = makeelement(pPr, 'spacing')
-        for edge, attr in iteritems({'top':'before', 'bottom':'after'}):
+        for edge, attr in {'top':'before', 'bottom':'after'}.items():
             getter = attrgetter('css_margin_' + edge)
             css_val, css_unit = parse_css_length(getter(self))
             if css_unit in ('em', 'ex'):
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf2.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf2.py
index 45522f242a..8bb3f610ba 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf2.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf2.py
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ from calibre.utils.icu import lower as icu_lower
 from calibre.utils.icu import upper as icu_upper
 from calibre.utils.localization import canonicalize_lang, get_lang
 from calibre.utils.xml_parse import safe_xml_fromstring
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 from polyglot.urllib import unquote
 
 pretty_print_opf = False
@@ -1208,7 +1207,7 @@ class OPF:  # {{{
     def page_progression_direction(self):
         spine = XPath('descendant::*[re:match(name(), "spine", "i")][1]')(self.root)
         if spine:
-            for k, v in iteritems(spine[0].attrib):
+            for k, v in spine[0].attrib.items():
                 if k == 'page-progression-direction' or k.endswith('}page-progression-direction'):
                     return v
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf3.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf3.py
index d039c63cb6..3e665e24ba 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf3.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/opf3.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from calibre.utils.date import fix_only_date, is_date_undefined, isoformat, utcn
 from calibre.utils.date import parse_date as parse_date_
 from calibre.utils.iso8601 import parse_iso8601
 from calibre.utils.localization import canonicalize_lang
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 # Utils {{{
 _xpath_cache = {}
@@ -1066,7 +1065,7 @@ def read_metadata(root, ver=None, return_extra_data=False):
         ans.series, ans.series_index = s, si
     ans.link_maps = read_link_maps(root, prefixes, refines) or ans.link_maps
     ans.user_categories = read_user_categories(root, prefixes, refines) or ans.user_categories
-    for name, fm in iteritems(read_user_metadata(root, prefixes, refines) or {}):
+    for name, fm in (read_user_metadata(root, prefixes, refines) or {}).items():
         try:
             ans.set_user_metadata(name, fm)
         except Exception:
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/pdf.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/pdf.py
index 1e07c0fddb..25d810877e 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/pdf.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/pdf.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from calibre.constants import iswindows
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata import MetaInformation, check_doi, check_isbn, string_to_authors
 from calibre.ptempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from calibre.utils.ipc.simple_worker import WorkerError, fork_job
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def get_tools():
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ def get_metadata(stream, cover=True):
 
     # Look for recognizable identifiers in the info dict, if they were not
     # found in the XMP metadata
-    for scheme, check_func in iteritems({'doi':check_doi, 'isbn':check_isbn}):
+    for scheme, check_func in {'doi':check_doi, 'isbn':check_isbn}.items():
         if scheme not in mi.get_identifiers():
             for k, v in info.items():
                 if k != 'xmp_metadata':
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/xmp.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/xmp.py
index 66eef6b772..d1dcc17ac3 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/xmp.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/metadata/xmp.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from calibre.ebooks.metadata.opf2 import dump_dict
 from calibre.utils.date import isoformat, now, parse_date
 from calibre.utils.localization import canonicalize_lang, lang_as_iso639_1
 from calibre.utils.xml_parse import safe_xml_fromstring
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 _xml_declaration = re.compile(r'<\?xml[^<>]+encoding\s*=\s*[\'"](.*?)[\'"][^<>]*>', re.IGNORECASE)
 
@@ -332,7 +331,7 @@ def metadata_from_xmp_packet(raw_bytes):
                     identifiers[scheme] = val
 
     # Check Dublin Core for recognizable identifier types
-    for scheme, check_func in iteritems({'doi':check_doi, 'isbn':check_isbn}):
+    for scheme, check_func in {'doi':check_doi, 'isbn':check_isbn}.items():
         if scheme not in identifiers:
             val = check_func(first_simple('//dc:identifier', root))
             if val:
@@ -482,12 +481,12 @@ def metadata_to_xmp_packet(mi):
     dc = rdf.makeelement(expand('rdf:Description'), nsmap=nsmap('dc'))
     dc.set(expand('rdf:about'), '')
     rdf.append(dc)
-    for prop, tag in iteritems({'title':'dc:title', 'comments':'dc:description'}):
+    for prop, tag in {'title':'dc:title', 'comments':'dc:description'}.items():
         val = mi.get(prop) or ''
         create_alt_property(dc, tag, val)
-    for prop, (tag, ordered) in iteritems({
+    for prop, (tag, ordered) in {
         'authors':('dc:creator', True), 'tags':('dc:subject', False), 'publisher':('dc:publisher', False),
-    }):
+    }.items():
         val = mi.get(prop) or ()
         if isinstance(val, (str, bytes)):
             val = [val]
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/debug/index.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/debug/index.py
index 264e2948d1..0210770e69 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/debug/index.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/debug/index.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from collections import OrderedDict, namedtuple
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.reader.headers import NULL_INDEX
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.reader.index import CNCX, INDEX_HEADER_FIELDS, get_tag_section_start, parse_index_record, parse_indx_header, parse_tagx_section
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.reader.ncx import default_entry, tag_fieldname_map
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 File = namedtuple('File',
     'file_number name divtbl_count start_position length')
@@ -219,9 +218,9 @@ class NCXIndex(Index):
                             # offset
                             fieldvalue = tuple(tag_map[tag])
                         entry[fieldname] = fieldvalue
-                        for which, name in iteritems({3:'text', 5:'kind', 70:'description',
+                        for which, name in {3:'text', 5:'kind', 70:'description',
                                 71:'author', 72:'image_caption',
-                                73:'image_attribution'}):
+                                73:'image_attribution'}.items():
                             if tag == which:
                                 entry[name] = self.cncx.get(fieldvalue,
                                         default_entry[name])
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/mobi6.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/mobi6.py
index 7b4dd09590..5a53038c73 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/mobi6.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/mobi6.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ from calibre.utils.img import AnimatedGIF, gif_data_to_png_data, save_cover_data
 from calibre.utils.imghdr import what
 from calibre.utils.logging import default_log
 from calibre.utils.xml_parse import safe_html_fromstring
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 class TopazError(ValueError):
@@ -934,7 +933,7 @@ class MobiReader:
 
 
 def test_mbp_regex():
-    for raw, m in iteritems({
+    for raw, m in {
         '<mbp:pagebreak></mbp:pagebreak>':'',
         '<mbp:pagebreak xxx></mbp:pagebreak>yyy':' xxxyyy',
         '<mbp:pagebreak> </mbp:pagebreak>':'',
@@ -945,7 +944,7 @@ def test_mbp_regex():
         '</mbp:pagebreak>':'',
         '</mbp:pagebreak sdf>':' sdf',
         '</mbp:pagebreak><mbp:pagebreak></mbp:pagebreak>xxx':'xxx',
-        }):
+        }.items():
         ans = MobiReader.PAGE_BREAK_PAT.sub(r'\1', raw)
         if ans != m:
             raise Exception(f'{ans!r} != {m!r} for {raw!r}')
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/ncx.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/ncx.py
index 76ce5f56c3..781f94ae92 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/ncx.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/reader/ncx.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from calibre import replace_entities
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.toc import TOC
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.reader.headers import NULL_INDEX
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.reader.index import read_index
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 tag_fieldname_map = {
         1:  ['pos',0],
@@ -69,9 +68,9 @@ def read_ncx(sections, index, codec):
                         # offset
                         fieldvalue = tuple(tag_map[tag])
                     entry[fieldname] = fieldvalue
-                    for which, name in iteritems({3:'text', 5:'kind', 70:'description',
+                    for which, name in {3:'text', 5:'kind', 70:'description',
                             71:'author', 72:'image_caption',
-                            73:'image_attribution'}):
+                            73:'image_attribution'}.items():
                         if tag == which:
                             entry[name] = cncx.get(fieldvalue,
                                     default_entry[name])
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/writer2/main.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/writer2/main.py
index b2b8126ff5..b21f8f3f84 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/writer2/main.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/mobi/writer2/main.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from calibre.ebooks.mobi.writer2 import PALMDOC, UNCOMPRESSED
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.writer2.indexer import Indexer
 from calibre.ebooks.mobi.writer2.serializer import Serializer
 from calibre.utils.filenames import ascii_filename
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 # Disabled as I don't care about uncrossable breaks
 WRITE_UNCROSSABLE_BREAKS = False
@@ -423,10 +422,10 @@ class MobiWriter:
             extra_data_flags |= 0b10
         header_fields['extra_data_flags'] = extra_data_flags
 
-        for k, v in iteritems({'last_text_record':'last_text_record_idx',
+        for k, v in {'last_text_record':'last_text_record_idx',
                 'first_non_text_record':'first_non_text_record_idx',
                 'ncx_index':'primary_index_record_idx',
-                }):
+                }.items():
             header_fields[k] = getattr(self, v)
         if header_fields['ncx_index'] is None:
             header_fields['ncx_index'] = NULL_INDEX
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/normalize_css.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/normalize_css.py
index 80be5ebb1b..1f22d9db86 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/normalize_css.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/normalize_css.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from css_parser.css import PropertyValue
 from tinycss.fonts3 import parse_font, serialize_font_family
 
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.base import css_text
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 DEFAULTS = {'azimuth': 'center', 'background-attachment': 'scroll',  # {{{
             'background-color': 'transparent', 'background-image': 'none',
@@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ def test_normalization(return_tests=False):  # {{{
                 ans.update(expected)
                 return ans
 
-            for raw, expected in iteritems({
+            for raw, expected in {
                 'some_font': {'font-family':'some_font'}, 'inherit':{k:'inherit' for k in font_composition},
                 '1.2pt/1.4 A_Font': {'font-family':'A_Font', 'font-size':'1.2pt', 'line-height':'1.4'},
                 'bad font': {'font-family':'"bad font"'}, '10% serif': {'font-family':'serif', 'font-size':'10%'},
@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ def test_normalization(return_tests=False):  # {{{
                 {'font-family':'serif', 'font-weight':'bold', 'font-style':'italic', 'font-size':'larger',
                  'line-height':'normal', 'font-variant':'small-caps'},
                 '2em A B': {'font-family': '"A B"', 'font-size': '2em'},
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 val = tuple(parseStyle(f'font: {raw}', validate=False))[0].propertyValue
                 style = normalizers['font']('font', val)
                 self.assertDictEqual(font_dict(expected), style, raw)
@@ -316,39 +315,39 @@ def test_normalization(return_tests=False):  # {{{
                     ans[f'border-{edge}-{val}'] = expected
                 return ans
 
-            for raw, expected in iteritems({
+            for raw, expected in {
                 'solid 1px red': {'color':'red', 'width':'1px', 'style':'solid'},
                 '1px': {'width': '1px'}, '#aaa': {'color': '#aaa'},
                 '2em groove': {'width':'2em', 'style':'groove'},
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 for edge in EDGES:
                     br = f'border-{edge}'
                     val = tuple(parseStyle(f'{br}: {raw}', validate=False))[0].propertyValue
                     self.assertDictEqual(border_edge_dict(expected, edge), normalizers[br](br, val))
 
-            for raw, expected in iteritems({
+            for raw, expected in {
                 'solid 1px red': {'color':'red', 'width':'1px', 'style':'solid'},
                 '1px': {'width': '1px'}, '#aaa': {'color': '#aaa'},
                 'thin groove': {'width':'thin', 'style':'groove'},
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 val = tuple(parseStyle('{}: {}'.format('border', raw), validate=False))[0].propertyValue
                 self.assertDictEqual(border_dict(expected), normalizers['border']('border', val))
 
-            for name, val in iteritems({
+            for name, val in {
                 'width': '10%', 'color': 'rgb(0, 1, 1)', 'style': 'double',
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 cval = tuple(parseStyle(f'border-{name}: {val}', validate=False))[0].propertyValue
                 self.assertDictEqual(border_val_dict(val, name), normalizers['border-'+name]('border-'+name, cval))
 
         def test_edge_normalization(self):
             def edge_dict(prefix, expected):
                 return {f'{prefix}-{edge}': x for edge, x in zip(EDGES, expected)}
-            for raw, expected in iteritems({
+            for raw, expected in {
                 '2px': ('2px', '2px', '2px', '2px'),
                 '1em 2em': ('1em', '2em', '1em', '2em'),
                 '1em 2em 3em': ('1em', '2em', '3em', '2em'),
                 '1 2 3 4': ('1', '2', '3', '4'),
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 for prefix in ('margin', 'padding'):
                     cval = tuple(parseStyle(f'{prefix}: {raw}', validate=False))[0].propertyValue
                     self.assertDictEqual(edge_dict(prefix, expected), normalizers[prefix](prefix, cval))
@@ -359,11 +358,11 @@ def test_normalization(return_tests=False):  # {{{
                 for k, v in expected.items():
                     ans[f'list-style-{k}'] = v
                 return ans
-            for raw, expected in iteritems({
+            for raw, expected in {
                 'url(http://www.example.com/images/list.png)': {'image': 'url(http://www.example.com/images/list.png)'},
                 'inside square': {'position':'inside', 'type':'square'},
                 'upper-roman url(img) outside': {'position':'outside', 'type':'upper-roman', 'image':'url(img)'},
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 cval = tuple(parseStyle(f'list-style: {raw}', validate=False))[0].propertyValue
                 self.assertDictEqual(ls_dict(expected), normalizers['list-style']('list-style', cval))
 
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ def test_normalization(return_tests=False):  # {{{
             ae({'list-style', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-type', 'list-style-position'}, normalize_filter_css({'list-style'}))
 
         def test_edge_condensation(self):
-            for s, v in iteritems({
+            for s, v in {
                 (1, 1, 3): None,
                 (1, 2, 3, 4): '2pt 3pt 4pt 1pt',
                 (1, 2, 3, 2): '2pt 3pt 2pt 1pt',
@@ -392,7 +391,7 @@ def test_normalization(return_tests=False):  # {{{
                 (1, 1, 1, 1): '1pt',
                 ('2%', '2%', '2%', '2%'): '2%',
                 tuple('0 0 0 0'.split()): '0',
-            }):
+            }.items():
                 for prefix in ('margin', 'padding'):
                     css = {f'{prefix}-{x}': str(y)+'pt' if isinstance(y, numbers.Number) else y
                             for x, y in zip(('left', 'top', 'right', 'bottom'), s)}
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cascade.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cascade.py
index 88b6592911..3ac93c29af 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cascade.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cascade.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from calibre.ebooks.oeb.base import OEB_STYLES, SVG, XHTML, css_text
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.normalize_css import DEFAULTS, normalizers
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.stylizer import INHERITED, media_ok
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 _html_css_stylesheet = None
 
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ def iterdeclaration(decl):
         if n is None:
             yield p
         else:
-            for k, v in iteritems(n(p.name, p.propertyValue)):
+            for k, v in n(p.name, p.propertyValue).items():
                 yield Property(k, v, p.literalpriority)
 
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cover.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cover.py
index fa5f06ed1a..c11196ed38 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cover.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/cover.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import shutil
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.base import OEB_DOCS, OPF, XLINK, XPath, xml2text
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.polish.replace import get_recommended_folders, replace_links
 from calibre.utils.imghdr import identify
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def set_azw3_cover(container, cover_path, report, options=None):
@@ -521,9 +520,9 @@ def set_epub_cover(container, cover_path, report, options=None, image_callback=N
     report(_('Cover updated') if updated else _('Cover inserted'))
 
     # Replace links to the old cover image/cover page
-    link_sub = {s:d for s, d in iteritems({
+    link_sub = {s:d for s, d in {
         cover_page:titlepage, wrapped_image:raster_cover,
-        cover_image:raster_cover, extra_cover_page:titlepage})
+        cover_image:raster_cover, extra_cover_page:titlepage}.items()
         if s is not None and s != d}
     if link_sub:
         replace_links(container, link_sub, frag_map=lambda x, y:None)
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/tests/parsing.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/tests/parsing.py
index ec927644b3..34bdca55de 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/tests/parsing.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/oeb/polish/tests/parsing.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from calibre.ebooks.oeb.base import SVG_NS, XHTML_NS, XLINK_NS, XPath
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.parse_utils import html5_parse
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.polish.parsing import parse_html5 as parse
 from calibre.ebooks.oeb.polish.tests.base import BaseTest
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def nonvoid_cdata_elements(test, parse_function):
@@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ class ParsingTests(BaseTest):
         for ds in (False, True):
             src = '\n<html>\n<p>\n<svg><image />\n<b></svg>&nbsp'
             root = parse(src, discard_namespaces=ds)
-            for tag, lnum in iteritems({'html':2, 'head':3, 'body':3, 'p':3, 'svg':4, 'image':4, 'b':5}):
+            for tag, lnum in {'html':2, 'head':3, 'body':3, 'p':3, 'svg':4, 'image':4, 'b':5}.items():
                 elem = root.xpath(f'//*[local-name()="{tag}"]')[0]
                 self.assertEqual(lnum, elem.sourceline, f'Line number incorrect for {tag}, source: {src}:')
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/ebooks/txt/processor.py b/src/calibre/ebooks/txt/processor.py
index b77b7a24cc..fd0d92fcc3 100644
--- a/src/calibre/ebooks/txt/processor.py
+++ b/src/calibre/ebooks/txt/processor.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from calibre import isbytestring, prepare_string_for_xml
 from calibre.ebooks.conversion.preprocess import DocAnalysis
 from calibre.ebooks.metadata.opf2 import OPFCreator
 from calibre.utils.cleantext import clean_ascii_chars
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 HTML_TEMPLATE = '<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>%s </title></head><body>\n%s\n</body></html>'
 
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ def convert_markdown_with_metadata(txt, title='', extensions=DEFAULT_MD_EXTENSIO
     html = md.convert(txt)
     mi = Metadata(title or _('Unknown'))
     m = md.Meta
-    for k, v in iteritems({'date':'pubdate', 'summary':'comments'}):
+    for k, v in {'date':'pubdate', 'summary':'comments'}.items():
         if v not in m and k in m:
             m[v] = m.pop(k)
     for k in 'title authors series tags pubdate comments publisher rating'.split():
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/keyboard.py b/src/calibre/gui2/keyboard.py
index 237040e956..f8bf7d29d4 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/keyboard.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/keyboard.py
@@ -176,8 +176,7 @@ class Manager(QObject):  # {{{
                 pass
 
     def finalize(self):
-        custom_keys_map = {un:tuple(keys) for un, keys in iteritems(self.config.get(
-            'map', {}))}
+        custom_keys_map = {un:tuple(keys) for un, keys in self.config.get('map', {}).items()}
         self.keys_map = finalize(self.shortcuts, custom_keys_map=custom_keys_map)
 
     def replace_action(self, unique_name, new_action):
@@ -309,7 +308,7 @@ class ConfigModel(SearchQueryParser, QAbstractItemModel):
         options_map = {}
         options_map.update(self.keyboard.config.get('options_map', {}))
         # keep mapped keys that are marked persistent.
-        for un, keys in iteritems(self.keyboard.config.get('map', {})):
+        for un, keys in self.keyboard.config.get('map', {}).items():
             if options_map.get(un, {}).get('persist_shortcut',False):
                 kmap[un] = keys
         for node in self.all_shortcuts:
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py b/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py
index f37be2985d..28c382e8ef 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/library/models.py
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ from calibre.utils.icu import sort_key
 from calibre.utils.localization import calibre_langcode_to_name, ngettext
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
 from calibre.utils.search_query_parser import ParseException, SearchQueryParser
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 Counts = namedtuple('Counts', 'library_total total current')
 
@@ -375,7 +374,7 @@ class BooksModel(QAbstractTableModel):  # {{{
 
         if db:
             style_map = {'bold': self.bold_font, 'bi': self.bi_font, 'italic': self.italic_font}
-            self.styled_columns = {k: style_map.get(v, None) for k, v in iteritems(db.new_api.pref('styled_columns', {}))}
+            self.styled_columns = {k: style_map.get(v, None) for k, v in db.new_api.pref('styled_columns', {}).items()}
         self.alignment_map = {}
         self.ids_to_highlight_set = set()
         self.current_highlighted_idx = None
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/metadata/diff.py b/src/calibre/gui2/metadata/diff.py
index 930cd2e2ff..9a6a3c9630 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/metadata/diff.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/metadata/diff.py
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ from calibre.startup import connect_lambda
 from calibre.utils.date import UNDEFINED_DATE
 from calibre.utils.icu import lower as icu_lower
 from calibre.utils.localization import ngettext
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 Widgets = namedtuple('Widgets', 'new old label button')
 
@@ -279,7 +278,7 @@ class IdentifiersEdit(LineEdit):
     @property
     def as_dict(self):
         parts = (x.strip() for x in self.current_val.split(',') if x.strip())
-        return {k:v for k, v in iteritems({x.partition(':')[0].strip():x.partition(':')[-1].strip() for x in parts}) if k and v}
+        return {k:v for k, v in {x.partition(':')[0].strip():x.partition(':')[-1].strip() for x in parts}.items() if k and v}
 
     @as_dict.setter
     def as_dict(self, val):
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/open_with.py b/src/calibre/gui2/open_with.py
index 0693cccdea..cf01e9992f 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/open_with.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/open_with.py
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ from calibre.gui2.widgets2 import Dialog
 from calibre.utils.config import JSONConfig
 from calibre.utils.icu import numeric_sort_key as sort_key
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_image_path as I
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 ENTRY_ROLE = Qt.ItemDataRole.UserRole
 
@@ -491,7 +490,7 @@ def register_keyboard_shortcuts(gui=None, finalize=False):
         gui.removeAction(action)
     registered_shortcuts.clear()
 
-    for filetype, applications in iteritems(oprefs['entries']):
+    for filetype, applications in oprefs['entries'].items():
         for application in applications:
             text = entry_to_icon_text(application, only_text=True)
             t = _('cover image') if filetype.upper() == 'COVER_IMAGE' else filetype.upper()
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/look_feel_tabs/book_details.py b/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/look_feel_tabs/book_details.py
index 81cc008980..010f953d07 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/look_feel_tabs/book_details.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/preferences/look_feel_tabs/book_details.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from calibre.gui2.widgets2 import Dialog
 from calibre.startup import connect_lambda
 from calibre.utils.icu import sort_key
 from calibre.utils.resources import set_data
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 class IdLinksRuleEdit(Dialog):
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ class IdLinksEditor(Dialog):
         la.setWordWrap(True)
         l.addWidget(la)
         items = []
-        for k, lx in iteritems(msprefs['id_link_rules']):
+        for k, lx in msprefs['id_link_rules'].items():
             for n, t in lx:
                 items.append((k, n, t))
         items.sort(key=lambda x: sort_key(x[1]))
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/tag_browser/model.py b/src/calibre/gui2/tag_browser/model.py
index bf5a55243e..1f89e15a00 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/tag_browser/model.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/tag_browser/model.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from calibre.utils.icu import collation_order_for_partitioning, contains, lower,
 from calibre.utils.icu import lower as icu_lower
 from calibre.utils.icu import upper as icu_upper
 from calibre.utils.serialize import json_dumps, json_loads
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 TAG_SEARCH_STATES = {'clear': 0, 'mark_plus': 1, 'mark_plusplus': 2,
                      'mark_minus': 3, 'mark_minusminus': 4}
@@ -397,7 +396,7 @@ class TagsModel(QAbstractItemModel):  # {{{
         self.value_icons = {}
         self.value_icon_cache = {}
         self.icon_config_dir = os.path.join(config_dir, 'tb_icons')
-        for k, v in iteritems(self.prefs['tags_browser_category_icons']):
+        for k, v in self.prefs['tags_browser_category_icons'].items():
             icon = QIcon(os.path.join(self.icon_config_dir, v))
             if len(icon.availableSizes()) > 0:
                 self.category_custom_icons[k] = icon
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/completion/basic.py b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/completion/basic.py
index e4597ea544..b0566ed92d 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/completion/basic.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/completion/basic.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from calibre.gui2.tweak_book.completion.utils import DataError, control, data
 from calibre.utils.icu import numeric_sort_key
 from calibre.utils.ipc import eintr_retry_call
 from calibre.utils.matcher import Matcher
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 Request = namedtuple('Request', 'id type data query')
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ def complete_names(names_data, data_conn):
         names_cache['font'] = frozenset(n for n in all_names if n.mime_type in OEB_FONTS)
         names_cache['css_resource'] = names_cache['image'] | names_cache['font']
         names_cache['descriptions'] = d = {}
-        for x, desc in iteritems({'text_link':_('Text'), 'stylesheet':_('Stylesheet'), 'image':_('Image'), 'font':_('Font')}):
+        for x, desc in {'text_link':_('Text'), 'stylesheet':_('Stylesheet'), 'image':_('Image'), 'font':_('Font')}.items():
             for n in names_cache[x]:
                 d[n] = desc
     names_type, base, root = names_data
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/css.py b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/css.py
index 2ad3b65b43..74b6a97cc9 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/css.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/css.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from qt.core import QTextBlockUserData
 from calibre.gui2.tweak_book import verify_link
 from calibre.gui2.tweak_book.editor import CSS_PROPERTY, LINK_PROPERTY, syntax_text_char_format
 from calibre.gui2.tweak_book.editor.syntax.base import SyntaxHighlighter
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 space_pat = re.compile(r'[ \n\t\r\f]+')
 cdo_pat = re.compile(r'/\*')
@@ -295,10 +294,10 @@ def create_formats(highlighter):
         'pseudo_selector': theme['Special'],
         'tag': theme['Identifier'],
     }
-    for name, msg in iteritems({
+    for name, msg in {
         'unknown-normal': _('Invalid text'),
         'unterminated-string': _('Unterminated string'),
-    }):
+    }.items():
         f = formats[name] = syntax_text_char_format(formats['error'])
         f.setToolTip(msg)
     formats['link'] = syntax_text_char_format(theme['Link'])
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/html.py b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/html.py
index 3f37884e22..3cf6781caf 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/html.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/editor/syntax/html.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ from calibre.gui2.tweak_book.editor.syntax.css import state_map as css_state_map
 from calibre.spell.break_iterator import split_into_words_and_positions
 from calibre.spell.dictionary import parse_lang_code
 from calibre_extensions import html_syntax_highlighter as _speedup
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 cdata_tags = frozenset(['title', 'textarea', 'style', 'script', 'xmp', 'iframe', 'noembed', 'noframes', 'noscript'])
 normal_pat = re.compile(r'[^<>&]+')
@@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ def create_formats(highlighter, add_css=True):
         'nbsp': t['SpecialCharacter'],
         'spell': t['SpellError'],
     }
-    for name, msg in iteritems({
+    for name, msg in {
             '<': _('An unescaped < is not allowed. Replace it with &lt;'),
             '&': _('An unescaped ampersand is not allowed. Replace it with &amp;'),
             '>': _('An unescaped > is not allowed. Replace it with &gt;'),
@@ -478,7 +477,7 @@ def create_formats(highlighter, add_css=True):
             'bad-closing': _('A closing tag must contain only the tag name and nothing else'),
             'no-attr-value': _('Expecting an attribute value'),
             'only-prefix': _('A tag name cannot end with a colon'),
-    }):
+    }.items():
         f = formats[name] = syntax_text_char_format(formats['error'])
         f.setToolTip(msg)
     f = formats['title'] = syntax_text_char_format()
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/file_list.py b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/file_list.py
index 8eee03180b..d2613931b0 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/file_list.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/tweak_book/file_list.py
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ from calibre.utils.icu import numeric_sort_key
 from calibre.utils.localization import ngettext, pgettext
 from calibre_extensions.progress_indicator import set_no_activate_on_click
 from polyglot.binary import as_hex_unicode
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 FILE_COPY_MIME = 'application/calibre-edit-book-files'
 TOP_ICON_SIZE = 24
@@ -298,13 +297,13 @@ class FileList(QTreeWidget, OpenWithHandler):
         self.font_name_cache = {}
         self.top_level_pixmap_cache = {
             name: QIcon.ic(icon).pixmap(TOP_ICON_SIZE, TOP_ICON_SIZE)
-            for name, icon in iteritems({
+            for name, icon in {
                 'text':'keyboard-prefs.png',
                 'styles':'lookfeel.png',
                 'fonts':'font.png',
                 'misc':'mimetypes/dir.png',
                 'images':'view-image.png',
-            })}
+            }.items()}
         self.itemActivated.connect(self.item_double_clicked)
 
     def possible_rename_requested(self, index, old, new):
diff --git a/src/calibre/gui2/viewer/ui.py b/src/calibre/gui2/viewer/ui.py
index b5f6406da5..50ec1be7e6 100644
--- a/src/calibre/gui2/viewer/ui.py
+++ b/src/calibre/gui2/viewer/ui.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ from calibre.utils.date import utcnow
 from calibre.utils.img import image_from_path
 from calibre.utils.ipc.simple_worker import WorkerError
 from calibre.utils.localization import _
-from polyglot.builtins import as_bytes, as_unicode, iteritems
+from polyglot.builtins import as_bytes, as_unicode
 
 
 def is_float(x):
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ class EbookViewer(MainWindow):
                     for annot_type, annots in lib_amap.items():
                         merge_annotations(annots, amap)
         else:
-            for annot_type, annots in iteritems(calibre_book_data['annotations_map']):
+            for annot_type, annots in calibre_book_data['annotations_map'].items():
                 merge_annotations(annots, amap)
 
     def update_window_title(self):
diff --git a/src/calibre/library/check_library.py b/src/calibre/library/check_library.py
index 24b6607fe0..9c3f940939 100644
--- a/src/calibre/library/check_library.py
+++ b/src/calibre/library/check_library.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from calibre.constants import filesystem_encoding
 from calibre.db.constants import COVER_FILE_NAME, DATA_DIR_NAME, METADATA_FILE_NAME, NOTES_DIR_NAME, TRASH_DIR_NAME
 from calibre.ebooks import BOOK_EXTENSIONS
 from calibre.utils.localization import _
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 EBOOK_EXTENSIONS = frozenset(BOOK_EXTENSIONS)
 NORMALS = frozenset({METADATA_FILE_NAME, COVER_FILE_NAME, DATA_DIR_NAME})
@@ -241,13 +240,13 @@ class CheckLibrary:
             missing = book_formats_lc - formats_lc
 
             # Check: any books that aren't formats or normally there?
-            for lcfn,ccfn in iteritems(lc_map(filenames, unknowns)):
+            for lcfn,ccfn in lc_map(filenames, unknowns).items():
                 if lcfn in missing:  # An unknown format correctly registered
                     continue
                 self.extra_files.append((title_dir, os.path.join(db_path, ccfn), book_id))
 
             # Check: any book formats that should be there?
-            for lcfn,ccfn in iteritems(lc_map(book_formats, missing)):
+            for lcfn,ccfn in lc_map(book_formats, missing).items():
                 if lcfn in unknowns:  # An unknown format correctly registered
                     continue
                 self.missing_formats.append((title_dir, os.path.join(db_path, ccfn), book_id))
diff --git a/src/calibre/spell/dictionary.py b/src/calibre/spell/dictionary.py
index 09c3bda9ca..d095bdec2c 100644
--- a/src/calibre/spell/dictionary.py
+++ b/src/calibre/spell/dictionary.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from calibre.utils.config import JSONConfig
 from calibre.utils.icu import capitalize
 from calibre.utils.localization import _, get_lang, get_system_locale
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 Dictionary = namedtuple('Dictionary', 'primary_locale locales dicpath affpath builtin name id')
 LoadedDictionary = namedtuple('Dictionary', 'primary_locale locales obj builtin name id')
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ def best_locale_for_language(langcode):
 
 
 def preferred_dictionary(locale):
-    return {parse_lang_code(k):v for k, v in iteritems(dprefs['preferred_dictionaries'])}.get(locale, None)
+    return {parse_lang_code(k):v for k, v in dprefs['preferred_dictionaries'].items()}.get(locale, None)
 
 
 def remove_dictionary(dictionary):
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ def remove_dictionary(dictionary):
         raise ValueError('Cannot remove builtin dictionaries')
     base = os.path.dirname(dictionary.dicpath)
     shutil.rmtree(base)
-    dprefs['preferred_dictionaries'] = {k:v for k, v in iteritems(dprefs['preferred_dictionaries']) if v != dictionary.id}
+    dprefs['preferred_dictionaries'] = {k:v for k, v in dprefs['preferred_dictionaries'].items() if v != dictionary.id}
 
 
 def rename_dictionary(dictionary, name):
diff --git a/src/calibre/spell/import_from.py b/src/calibre/spell/import_from.py
index 961d0d17eb..c0b4fa2106 100644
--- a/src/calibre/spell/import_from.py
+++ b/src/calibre/spell/import_from.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from calibre.constants import config_dir
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
 from calibre.utils.xml_parse import safe_xml_fromstring
 from calibre.utils.zipfile import ZipFile
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 NS_MAP = {
     'oor': 'http://openoffice.org/2001/registry',
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ def _import_from_virtual_directory(read_file_func, name, dest_dir=None, prefix='
     root = safe_xml_fromstring(read_file_func('META-INF/manifest.xml'))
     xcu = XPath('//manifest:file-entry[@manifest:media-type="application/vnd.sun.star.configuration-data"]')(root)[0].get(
         '{{{}}}full-path'.format(NS_MAP['manifest']))
-    for (dic, aff), locales in iteritems(parse_xcu(read_file_func(xcu), origin='')):
+    for (dic, aff), locales in parse_xcu(read_file_func(xcu), origin='').items():
         dic, aff = dic.lstrip('/'), aff.lstrip('/')
         d = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix, dir=dest_dir)
         locales = uniq([x for x in map(fill_country_code, locales) if parse_lang_code(x).countrycode])
diff --git a/src/calibre/srv/convert.py b/src/calibre/srv/convert.py
index ab91af4c9a..8c7db189da 100644
--- a/src/calibre/srv/convert.py
+++ b/src/calibre/srv/convert.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from calibre.srv.utils import get_library_data
 from calibre.utils.localization import _
 from calibre.utils.monotonic import monotonic
 from calibre.utils.shared_file import share_open
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 receive_data_methods = {'GET', 'POST'}
 conversion_jobs = {}
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ def get_conversion_options(input_fmt, output_fmt, book_id, db):
         ans['defaults'].update(defaults)
         ans['help'] = plumber.get_all_help()
 
-    for group_name, option_names in iteritems(OPTIONS['pipe']):
+    for group_name, option_names in OPTIONS['pipe'].items():
         merge_group(group_name, option_names)
 
     group_name, option_names = options_for_input_fmt(input_fmt)
diff --git a/src/calibre/srv/manage_users_cli.py b/src/calibre/srv/manage_users_cli.py
index f3d233166c..7e6848ee1b 100644
--- a/src/calibre/srv/manage_users_cli.py
+++ b/src/calibre/srv/manage_users_cli.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from calibre import prints
 from calibre.constants import iswindows, preferred_encoding
 from calibre.utils.config import OptionParser
 from calibre.utils.localization import _, ngettext
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def create_subcommand_parser(name, usage):
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ def manage_users_cli(path=None, args=()):
             prints(
                 _('{} has the following additional per-library restrictions:')
                 .format(username))
-            for k, v in iteritems(r['library_restrictions']):
+            for k, v in r['library_restrictions'].items():
                 prints(k + ':', v)
         else:
             prints(_('{} has no additional per-library restrictions').format(username))
diff --git a/src/calibre/srv/users.py b/src/calibre/srv/users.py
index 3a6d29f246..d2cf7e5227 100644
--- a/src/calibre/srv/users.py
+++ b/src/calibre/srv/users.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from calibre import as_unicode
 from calibre.constants import config_dir
 from calibre.utils.config import from_json, to_json
 from calibre.utils.localization import _
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def as_json(data):
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ def serialize_restriction(r):
         v = r.get(x)
         if v:
             ans[x] = list(v)
-    ans['library_restrictions'] = {l.lower(): v or '' for l, v in iteritems(r.get('library_restrictions', {}))}
+    ans['library_restrictions'] = {l.lower(): v or '' for l, v in r.get('library_restrictions', {}).items()}
     return json.dumps(ans)
 
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/srv/utils.py b/src/calibre/srv/utils.py
index 41798131e3..673a6f2940 100644
--- a/src/calibre/srv/utils.py
+++ b/src/calibre/srv/utils.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from calibre.utils.shared_file import share_open
 from calibre.utils.socket_inheritance import set_socket_inherit
 from polyglot.binary import as_hex_unicode as encode_name
 from polyglot.binary import from_hex_unicode as decode_name
-from polyglot.builtins import as_unicode, iteritems
+from polyglot.builtins import as_unicode
 
 HTTP1  = 'HTTP/1.0'
 HTTP11 = 'HTTP/1.1'
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class MultiDict(dict):  # {{{
     def create_from_query_string(qs):
         ans = MultiDict()
         qs = as_unicode(qs)
-        for k, v in iteritems(parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=True)):
+        for k, v in parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=True).items():
             dict.__setitem__(ans, as_unicode(k), [as_unicode(x) for x in v])
         return ans
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/utils/fonts/utils.py b/src/calibre/utils/fonts/utils.py
index 84eee90975..91fb401224 100644
--- a/src/calibre/utils/fonts/utils.py
+++ b/src/calibre/utils/fonts/utils.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
-from polyglot.builtins import as_bytes, iteritems
+from polyglot.builtins import as_bytes
 
 
 class UnsupportedFont(ValueError):
@@ -277,9 +277,9 @@ def get_all_font_names(raw, raw_is_table=False):
     records = _get_font_names(raw, raw_is_table)
     ans = {}
 
-    for name, num in iteritems({'family_name':1, 'subfamily_name':2, 'full_name':4,
+    for name, num in {'family_name':1, 'subfamily_name':2, 'full_name':4,
             'preferred_family_name':16, 'preferred_subfamily_name':17,
-            'wws_family_name':21, 'wws_subfamily_name':22}):
+            'wws_family_name':21, 'wws_subfamily_name':22}.items():
         try:
             ans[name] = decode_name_record(records[num])
         except (IndexError, KeyError, ValueError):
diff --git a/src/calibre/utils/hyphenation/dictionaries.py b/src/calibre/utils/hyphenation/dictionaries.py
index ea8997196c..db1f2cae96 100644
--- a/src/calibre/utils/hyphenation/dictionaries.py
+++ b/src/calibre/utils/hyphenation/dictionaries.py
@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@ from calibre.ptempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from calibre.utils.localization import lang_as_iso639_1
 from calibre.utils.lock import ExclusiveFile
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 
 def locale_map():
     ans = getattr(locale_map, 'ans', None)
     if ans is None:
-        ans = locale_map.ans = {k.lower(): v for k, v in iteritems(json.loads(P('hyphenation/locales.json', data=True)))}
+        ans = locale_map.ans = {k.lower(): v for k, v in json.loads(P('hyphenation/locales.json', data=True)).items()}
     return ans
 
 
diff --git a/src/calibre/utils/icu_test.py b/src/calibre/utils/icu_test.py
index 0995152232..a6a5436988 100644
--- a/src/calibre/utils/icu_test.py
+++ b/src/calibre/utils/icu_test.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import unittest
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 from calibre.utils import icu
-from polyglot.builtins import cmp, iteritems
+from polyglot.builtins import cmp
 
 
 @contextmanager
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class TestICU(unittest.TestCase):
             with make_collation_func('scmp', 'es', maker=icu.make_two_arg_func) as scmp:
                 self.assertNotEqual(0, scmp('pena', 'peña'))
 
-        for k, v in iteritems({'pèché': 'peche', 'flüße':'Flusse', 'Štepánek':'ŠtepaneK'}):
+        for k, v in {'pèché': 'peche', 'flüße':'Flusse', 'Štepánek':'ŠtepaneK'}.items():
             self.ae(0, icu.primary_strcmp(k, v))
 
         # Test different types of collation
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class TestICU(unittest.TestCase):
         self.ae((1, 1), icu.find('\U0001f431', 'x\U0001f431x'))
         self.ae((1, 1), icu.find('y', '\U0001f431y'))
         self.ae((0, 4), icu.primary_find('pena', 'peña'))
-        for k, v in iteritems({'pèché': 'peche', 'flüße':'Flusse', 'Štepánek':'ŠtepaneK'}):
+        for k, v in {'pèché': 'peche', 'flüße':'Flusse', 'Štepánek':'ŠtepaneK'}.items():
             self.ae((1, len(k)), icu.primary_find(v, ' ' + k), f'Failed to find {v} in {k}')
         self.assertTrue(icu.startswith(b'abc', b'ab'))
         self.assertTrue(icu.startswith('abc', 'abc'))
diff --git a/src/calibre/utils/localization.py b/src/calibre/utils/localization.py
index 243de471b4..3ec6724ede 100644
--- a/src/calibre/utils/localization.py
+++ b/src/calibre/utils/localization.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import re
 from gettext import GNUTranslations, NullTranslations
 
 from calibre.utils.resources import get_path as P
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 _available_translations = None
 
@@ -494,7 +493,7 @@ def lang_map():
     translate = _
     global _lang_map
     if _lang_map is None:
-        _lang_map = {k:translate(v) for k, v in iteritems(iso639['by_3'])}
+        _lang_map = {k:translate(v) for k, v in iso639['by_3'].items()}
     return _lang_map
 
 
@@ -525,7 +524,7 @@ def langnames_to_langcodes(names):
     translate = _
     ans = {}
     names = set(names)
-    for k, v in iteritems(iso639['by_3']):
+    for k, v in iso639['by_3'].items():
         tv = translate(v)
         if tv in names:
             names.remove(tv)
diff --git a/src/calibre/utils/winreg/default_programs.py b/src/calibre/utils/winreg/default_programs.py
index 2b722a69f9..8833bbaea2 100644
--- a/src/calibre/utils/winreg/default_programs.py
+++ b/src/calibre/utils/winreg/default_programs.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from calibre.utils.localization import _
 from calibre.utils.lock import singleinstance
 from calibre.utils.winreg.lib import HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, Key
 from calibre_extensions import winutil
-from polyglot.builtins import iteritems
 
 # See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/cc144154(v=vs.85).aspx
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ def register():
         prog_id_map = {ext:progid_name(data['assoc_name'], ext) for ext in ext_map}
 
         with Key(capabilities_path) as key:
-            for k, v in iteritems({'ApplicationDescription':'description', 'ApplicationName':'name'}):
+            for k, v in {'ApplicationDescription':'description', 'ApplicationName':'name'}.items():
                 key.set(k, data[v])
             key.set('ApplicationIcon', f'{exe},0')
             key.set_default_value(r'shell\open\command', f'"{exe}" "%1"')