feat!: absolute file paths (#19995)

feat: absolute file paths
2025-07-31 15:08:44 -04:00 · 2025-07-18 10:57:29 -04:00 · 2025-07-18 10:57:29 -04:00 · 493d85b021
commit 493d85b021
parent f32d4f15b6
34 changed files with 689 additions and 257 deletions
--- a/docs/docs/administration/server-commands.md
+++ b/docs/docs/administration/server-commands.md
@ -2,16 +2,17 @@

 The `immich-server` docker image comes preinstalled with an administrative CLI (`immich-admin`) that supports the following commands:

-| Command                  | Description                           |
-| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------- |
-| `help`                   | Display help                          |
-| `reset-admin-password`   | Reset the password for the admin user |
-| `disable-password-login` | Disable password login                |
-| `enable-password-login`  | Enable password login                 |
-| `enable-oauth-login`     | Enable OAuth login                    |
-| `disable-oauth-login`    | Disable OAuth login                   |
-| `list-users`             | List Immich users                     |
-| `version`                | Print Immich version                  |
+| Command                  | Description                                                   |
+| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `help`                   | Display help                                                  |
+| `reset-admin-password`   | Reset the password for the admin user                         |
+| `disable-password-login` | Disable password login                                        |
+| `enable-password-login`  | Enable password login                                         |
+| `enable-oauth-login`     | Enable OAuth login                                            |
+| `disable-oauth-login`    | Disable OAuth login                                           |
+| `list-users`             | List Immich users                                             |
+| `version`                | Print Immich version                                          |
+| `change-media-location`  | Change database file paths to align with a new media location |

 ## How to run a command

@ -88,3 +89,24 @@ Print Immich Version
 immich-admin version
 v1.129.0
 ```
+
+Change media location
+
+```
+immich-admin change-media-location
+? Enter the previous value of IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION: /usr/src/app/upload
+? Enter the new value of IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION: /data
+
+  Previous value: /usr/src/app/upload
+  Current value:  /data
+
+  Changing database paths from "/usr/src/app/upload/*" to "/data/*"
+
+? Do you want to proceed? [Y/n] y
+
+Database file paths updated successfully! 🎉
+
+You may now set IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION=/data and restart!
+
+(please remember to update applicable volume mounts e.g. ${UPLOAD_LOCATION}:/data)
+```
--- a/docs/docs/install/environment-variables.md
+++ b/docs/docs/install/environment-variables.md
@ -29,20 +29,20 @@ These environment variables are used by the `docker-compose.yml` file and do **N

 ## General

-| Variable                            | Description                                                                               |           Default            | Containers               | Workers            |
-| :---------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------: | :----------------------- | :----------------- |
-| `TZ`                                | Timezone                                                                                  |        <sup>\*1</sup>        | server                   | microservices      |
-| `IMMICH_ENV`                        | Environment (production, development)                                                     |         `production`         | server, machine learning | api, microservices |
-| `IMMICH_LOG_LEVEL`                  | Log level (verbose, debug, log, warn, error)                                              |            `log`             | server, machine learning | api, microservices |
-| `IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION`             | Media location inside the container ⚠️**You probably shouldn't set this**<sup>\*2</sup>⚠️ |   `./upload`<sup>\*3</sup>   | server                   | api, microservices |
-| `IMMICH_CONFIG_FILE`                | Path to config file                                                                       |                              | server                   | api, microservices |
-| `NO_COLOR`                          | Set to `true` to disable color-coded log output                                           |           `false`            | server, machine learning |                    |
-| `CPU_CORES`                         | Number of cores available to the Immich server                                            | auto-detected CPU core count | server                   |                    |
-| `IMMICH_API_METRICS_PORT`           | Port for the OTEL metrics                                                                 |            `8081`            | server                   | api                |
-| `IMMICH_MICROSERVICES_METRICS_PORT` | Port for the OTEL metrics                                                                 |            `8082`            | server                   | microservices      |
-| `IMMICH_PROCESS_INVALID_IMAGES`     | When `true`, generate thumbnails for invalid images                                       |                              | server                   | microservices      |
-| `IMMICH_TRUSTED_PROXIES`            | List of comma-separated IPs set as trusted proxies                                        |                              | server                   | api                |
-| `IMMICH_IGNORE_MOUNT_CHECK_ERRORS`  | See [System Integrity](/docs/administration/system-integrity)                             |                              | server                   | api, microservices |
+| Variable                            | Description                                                                               |               Default               | Containers               | Workers            |
+| :---------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------: | :----------------------- | :----------------- |
+| `TZ`                                | Timezone                                                                                  |           <sup>\*1</sup>            | server                   | microservices      |
+| `IMMICH_ENV`                        | Environment (production, development)                                                     |            `production`             | server, machine learning | api, microservices |
+| `IMMICH_LOG_LEVEL`                  | Log level (verbose, debug, log, warn, error)                                              |                `log`                | server, machine learning | api, microservices |
+| `IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION`             | Media location inside the container ⚠️**You probably shouldn't set this**<sup>\*2</sup>⚠️ | `/usr/src/app/upload`<sup>\*3</sup> | server                   | api, microservices |
+| `IMMICH_CONFIG_FILE`                | Path to config file                                                                       |                                     | server                   | api, microservices |
+| `NO_COLOR`                          | Set to `true` to disable color-coded log output                                           |               `false`               | server, machine learning |                    |
+| `CPU_CORES`                         | Number of cores available to the Immich server                                            |    auto-detected CPU core count     | server                   |                    |
+| `IMMICH_API_METRICS_PORT`           | Port for the OTEL metrics                                                                 |               `8081`                | server                   | api                |
+| `IMMICH_MICROSERVICES_METRICS_PORT` | Port for the OTEL metrics                                                                 |               `8082`                | server                   | microservices      |
+| `IMMICH_PROCESS_INVALID_IMAGES`     | When `true`, generate thumbnails for invalid images                                       |                                     | server                   | microservices      |
+| `IMMICH_TRUSTED_PROXIES`            | List of comma-separated IPs set as trusted proxies                                        |                                     | server                   | api                |
+| `IMMICH_IGNORE_MOUNT_CHECK_ERRORS`  | See [System Integrity](/docs/administration/system-integrity)                             |                                     | server                   | api, microservices |

 \*1: `TZ` should be set to a `TZ identifier` from [this list][tz-list]. For example, `TZ="Etc/UTC"`.
 `TZ` is used by `exiftool` as a fallback in case the timezone cannot be determined from the image metadata. It is also used for logfile timestamps and cron job execution.
--- a/server/src/app.module.ts
+++ b/server/src/app.module.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { ScheduleModule, SchedulerRegistry } from '@nestjs/schedule';
 import { ClsModule } from 'nestjs-cls';
 import { KyselyModule } from 'nestjs-kysely';
 import { OpenTelemetryModule } from 'nestjs-otel';
-import { commands } from 'src/commands';
+import { commandsAndQuestions } from 'src/commands';
 import { IWorker } from 'src/constants';
 import { controllers } from 'src/controllers';
 import { ImmichWorker } from 'src/enum';
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export class MicroservicesModule extends BaseModule {}

@Module({
  imports: [...imports],
-  providers: [...common, ...commands, SchedulerRegistry],
+  providers: [...common, ...commandsAndQuestions, SchedulerRegistry],
 })
 export class ImmichAdminModule implements OnModuleDestroy {
  constructor(private service: CliService) {}
--- a/server/src/commands/index.ts
+++ b/server/src/commands/index.ts
@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 import { GrantAdminCommand, PromptEmailQuestion, RevokeAdminCommand } from 'src/commands/grant-admin';
 import { ListUsersCommand } from 'src/commands/list-users.command';
+import {
+  ChangeMediaLocationCommand,
+  PromptConfirmMoveQuestions,
+  PromptMediaLocationQuestions,
+} from 'src/commands/media-location.command';
 import { DisableOAuthLogin, EnableOAuthLogin } from 'src/commands/oauth-login';
 import { DisablePasswordLoginCommand, EnablePasswordLoginCommand } from 'src/commands/password-login';
 import { PromptPasswordQuestions, ResetAdminPasswordCommand } from 'src/commands/reset-admin-password.command';
 import { VersionCommand } from 'src/commands/version.command';

-export const commands = [
+export const commandsAndQuestions = [
  ResetAdminPasswordCommand,
  PromptPasswordQuestions,
  PromptEmailQuestion,
@ -17,4 +22,7 @@ export const commands = [
  VersionCommand,
  GrantAdminCommand,
  RevokeAdminCommand,
+  ChangeMediaLocationCommand,
+  PromptMediaLocationQuestions,
+  PromptConfirmMoveQuestions,
 ];
--- a/server/src/commands/media-location.command.ts
+++ b/server/src/commands/media-location.command.ts
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import { Command, CommandRunner, InquirerService, Question, QuestionSet } from 'nest-commander';
+import { CliService } from 'src/services/cli.service';
+
+@Command({
+  name: 'change-media-location',
+  description: 'Change database file paths to align with a new media location',
+})
+export class ChangeMediaLocationCommand extends CommandRunner {
+  constructor(
+    private service: CliService,
+    private inquirer: InquirerService,
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  private async showSamplePaths(hint?: string) {
+    hint = hint ? ` (${hint})` : '';
+
+    const paths = await this.service.getSampleFilePaths();
+    if (paths.length > 0) {
+      let message = `  Examples from the database${hint}:\n`;
+      for (const path of paths) {
+        message += `  - ${path}\n`;
+      }
+
+      console.log(`\n${message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async run(): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      await this.showSamplePaths();
+
+      const { oldValue, newValue } = await this.inquirer.ask<{ oldValue: string; newValue: string }>(
+        'prompt-media-location',
+        {},
+      );
+
+      const success = await this.service.migrateFilePaths({
+        oldValue,
+        newValue,
+        confirm: async ({ sourceFolder, targetFolder }) => {
+          console.log(`
+  Previous value: ${oldValue}
+  Current value:  ${newValue}
+
+  Changing  from "${sourceFolder}/*" to "${targetFolder}/*"
+`);
+
+          const { value: confirmed } = await this.inquirer.ask<{ value: boolean }>('prompt-confirm-move', {});
+          return confirmed;
+        },
+      });
+
+      const successMessage = `Matching database file paths were updated successfully! 🎉
+
+  You may now set IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION=${newValue} and restart!
+
+  (please remember to update applicable volume mounts e.g
+    services:
+      immich-server:
+        ...
+        volumes:
+          - \${UPLOAD_LOCATION}:/usr/src/app/upload
+        ...
+  )`;
+
+      console.log(`\n  ${success ? successMessage : 'No rows were updated'}\n`);
+
+      await this.showSamplePaths('after');
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error);
+      console.error('Unable to update database file paths.');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const currentValue = process.env.IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION || '';
+
+const makePrompt = (which: string) => {
+  return `Enter the ${which} value of IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION:${currentValue ? ` [${currentValue}]` : ''}`;
+};
+
+@QuestionSet({ name: 'prompt-media-location' })
+export class PromptMediaLocationQuestions {
+  @Question({ message: makePrompt('previous'), name: 'oldValue' })
+  oldValue(value: string) {
+    return value || currentValue;
+  }
+
+  @Question({ message: makePrompt('new'), name: 'newValue' })
+  newValue(value: string) {
+    return value || currentValue;
+  }
+}
+
+@QuestionSet({ name: 'prompt-confirm-move' })
+export class PromptConfirmMoveQuestions {
+  @Question({
+    message: 'Do you want to proceed? [Y/n]',
+    name: 'value',
+  })
+  value(value: string): boolean {
+    return ['yes', 'y'].includes((value || 'y').toLowerCase());
+  }
+}
--- a/server/src/constants.ts
+++ b/server/src/constants.ts
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export const serverVersion = new SemVer(version);
 export const AUDIT_LOG_MAX_DURATION = Duration.fromObject({ days: 100 });
 export const ONE_HOUR = Duration.fromObject({ hours: 1 });

-export const APP_MEDIA_LOCATION = process.env.IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION || './upload';
+export const APP_MEDIA_LOCATION = process.env.IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION || '/usr/src/app/upload';

 export const MACHINE_LEARNING_PING_TIMEOUT = Number(process.env.MACHINE_LEARNING_PING_TIMEOUT || 2000);
 export const MACHINE_LEARNING_AVAILABILITY_BACKOFF_TIME = Number(
--- a/server/src/dtos/env.dto.ts
+++ b/server/src/dtos/env.dto.ts
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Transform, Type } from 'class-transformer';
-import { IsEnum, IsInt, IsString } from 'class-validator';
+import { IsEnum, IsInt, IsString, Matches } from 'class-validator';
 import { DatabaseSslMode, ImmichEnvironment, LogLevel } from 'src/enum';
 import { IsIPRange, Optional, ValidateBoolean } from 'src/validation';

@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ export class EnvDto {
  @Optional()
  IMMICH_LOG_LEVEL?: LogLevel;

+  @Optional()
+  @Matches(/^\//, { message: 'IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION must be an absolute path' })
+  IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION?: string;
+
  @IsInt()
  @Optional()
  @Type(() => Number)
--- a/server/src/enum.ts
+++ b/server/src/enum.ts
@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ export enum StorageFolder {
 }

 export enum SystemMetadataKey {
+  MediaLocation = 'MediaLocation',
  ReverseGeocodingState = 'reverse-geocoding-state',
  FacialRecognitionState = 'facial-recognition-state',
  MemoriesState = 'memories-state',
@ -544,6 +545,7 @@ export enum DatabaseLock {
  CLIPDimSize = 512,
  Library = 1337,
  NightlyJobs = 600,
+  MediaLocation = 700,
  GetSystemConfig = 69,
  BackupDatabase = 42,
  MemoryCreation = 777,
--- a/server/src/queries/asset.repository.sql
+++ b/server/src/queries/asset.repository.sql
@ -168,6 +168,30 @@ from
 where
  "livePhotoVideoId" = $1::uuid

+-- AssetRepository.getFileSamples
+select
+  "asset"."id",
+  "asset"."originalPath",
+  "asset"."sidecarPath",
+  "asset"."encodedVideoPath",
+  (
+    select
+      coalesce(json_agg(agg), '[]')
+    from
+      (
+        select
+          "path"
+        from
+          "asset_file"
+        where
+          "asset"."id" = "asset_file"."assetId"
+      ) as agg
+  ) as "files"
+from
+  "asset"
+limit
+  3
+
 -- AssetRepository.getById
 select
  "asset".*
--- a/server/src/queries/person.repository.sql
+++ b/server/src/queries/person.repository.sql
@ -12,6 +12,17 @@ delete from "person"
 where
  "person"."id" in ($1)

+-- PersonRepository.getFileSamples
+select
+  "id",
+  "thumbnailPath"
+from
+  "person"
+where
+  "thumbnailPath" != ''
+limit
+  3
+
 -- PersonRepository.getAllForUser
 select
  "person".*
--- a/server/src/queries/user.repository.sql
+++ b/server/src/queries/user.repository.sql
@ -78,6 +78,17 @@ where
  "user"."isAdmin" = $1
  and "user"."deletedAt" is null

+-- UserRepository.getFileSamples
+select
+  "id",
+  "profileImagePath"
+from
+  "user"
+where
+  "profileImagePath" != ''
+limit
+  3
+
 -- UserRepository.hasAdmin
 select
  "user"."id"
--- a/server/src/repositories/asset.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/repositories/asset.repository.ts
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Insertable, Kysely, NotNull, Selectable, UpdateResult, Updateable, sql } from 'kysely';
+import { jsonArrayFrom } from 'kysely/helpers/postgres';
 import { isEmpty, isUndefined, omitBy } from 'lodash';
 import { InjectKysely } from 'nestjs-kysely';
 import { Stack } from 'src/database';
@ -335,6 +336,23 @@ export class AssetRepository {
    return count;
  }

+  @GenerateSql()
+  getFileSamples() {
+    return this.db
+      .selectFrom('asset')
+      .select((eb) => [
+        'asset.id',
+        'asset.originalPath',
+        'asset.sidecarPath',
+        'asset.encodedVideoPath',
+        jsonArrayFrom(eb.selectFrom('asset_file').select('path').whereRef('asset.id', '=', 'asset_file.assetId')).as(
+          'files',
+        ),
+      ])
+      .limit(sql.lit(3))
+      .execute();
+  }
+
  @GenerateSql({ params: [DummyValue.UUID] })
  getById(id: string, { exifInfo, faces, files, library, owner, smartSearch, stack, tags }: GetByIdsRelations = {}) {
    return this.db
--- a/server/src/repositories/config.repository.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/repositories/config.repository.spec.ts
@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const resetEnv = () => {
    'IMMICH_WORKERS_EXCLUDE',
    'IMMICH_TRUSTED_PROXIES',
    'IMMICH_API_METRICS_PORT',
+    'IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION',
    'IMMICH_MICROSERVICES_METRICS_PORT',
    'IMMICH_TELEMETRY_INCLUDE',
    'IMMICH_TELEMETRY_EXCLUDE',
@ -76,6 +77,13 @@ describe('getEnv', () => {
    });
  });

+  describe('IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION', () => {
+    it('should throw an error for relative paths', () => {
+      process.env.IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION = './relative/path';
+      expect(() => getEnv()).toThrowError('IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION must be an absolute path');
+    });
+  });
+
  describe('database', () => {
    it('should use defaults', () => {
      const { database } = getEnv();
@ -95,7 +103,7 @@ describe('getEnv', () => {

    it('should validate DB_SSL_MODE', () => {
      process.env.DB_SSL_MODE = 'invalid';
-      expect(() => getEnv()).toThrowError('Invalid environment variables: DB_SSL_MODE');
+      expect(() => getEnv()).toThrowError('DB_SSL_MODE must be one of the following values:');
    });

    it('should accept a valid DB_SSL_MODE', () => {
@ -239,7 +247,7 @@ describe('getEnv', () => {

    it('should reject invalid trusted proxies', () => {
      process.env.IMMICH_TRUSTED_PROXIES = '10.1';
-      expect(() => getEnv()).toThrowError('Invalid environment variables: IMMICH_TRUSTED_PROXIES');
+      expect(() => getEnv()).toThrow('IMMICH_TRUSTED_PROXIES must be an ip address, or ip address range');
    });
  });

--- a/server/src/repositories/config.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/repositories/config.repository.ts
@ -131,9 +131,11 @@ const getEnv = (): EnvData => {
  const dto = plainToInstance(EnvDto, process.env);
  const errors = validateSync(dto);
  if (errors.length > 0) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `Invalid environment variables: ${errors.map((error) => `${error.property}=${error.value}`).join(', ')}`,
-    );
+    const messages = [`Invalid environment variables: `];
+    for (const error of errors) {
+      messages.push(`  - ${error.property}=${error.value} (${Object.values(error.constraints || {}).join(', ')})`);
+    }
+    throw new Error(messages.join('\n'));
  }

  const includedWorkers = asSet(dto.IMMICH_WORKERS_INCLUDE, [ImmichWorker.Api, ImmichWorker.Microservices]);
--- a/server/src/repositories/database.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/repositories/database.repository.ts
@ -436,6 +436,39 @@ export class DatabaseRepository {
    this.logger.debug('Finished running kysely migrations');
  }

+  async migrateFilePaths(sourceFolder: string, targetFolder: string): Promise<void> {
+    // escaping regex special characters with a backslash
+    const sourceRegex = '^' + sourceFolder.replaceAll(/[-[\]{}()*+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g, String.raw`\$&`);
+    const source = sql.raw(`'${sourceRegex}'`);
+    const target = sql.lit(targetFolder);
+
+    await this.db.transaction().execute(async (tx) => {
+      await tx
+        .updateTable('asset')
+        .set((eb) => ({
+          originalPath: eb.fn('REGEXP_REPLACE', ['originalPath', source, target]),
+          encodedVideoPath: eb.fn('REGEXP_REPLACE', ['encodedVideoPath', source, target]),
+          sidecarPath: eb.fn('REGEXP_REPLACE', ['sidecarPath', source, target]),
+        }))
+        .execute();
+
+      await tx
+        .updateTable('asset_file')
+        .set((eb) => ({ path: eb.fn('REGEXP_REPLACE', ['path', source, target]) }))
+        .execute();
+
+      await tx
+        .updateTable('person')
+        .set((eb) => ({ thumbnailPath: eb.fn('REGEXP_REPLACE', ['thumbnailPath', source, target]) }))
+        .execute();
+
+      await tx
+        .updateTable('user')
+        .set((eb) => ({ profileImagePath: eb.fn('REGEXP_REPLACE', ['profileImagePath', source, target]) }))
+        .execute();
+    });
+  }
+
  async withLock<R>(lock: DatabaseLock, callback: () => Promise<R>): Promise<R> {
    let res;
    await this.asyncLock.acquire(DatabaseLock[lock], async () => {
--- a/server/src/repositories/person.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/repositories/person.repository.ts
@ -142,6 +142,16 @@ export class PersonRepository {
      .stream();
  }

+  @GenerateSql()
+  getFileSamples() {
+    return this.db
+      .selectFrom('person')
+      .select(['id', 'thumbnailPath'])
+      .where('thumbnailPath', '!=', sql.lit(''))
+      .limit(sql.lit(3))
+      .execute();
+  }
+
  @GenerateSql({ params: [{ take: 1, skip: 0 }, DummyValue.UUID] })
  async getAllForUser(pagination: PaginationOptions, userId: string, options?: PersonSearchOptions) {
    const items = await this.db
--- a/server/src/repositories/user.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/repositories/user.repository.ts
@ -79,6 +79,16 @@ export class UserRepository {
      .executeTakeFirst();
  }

+  @GenerateSql()
+  getFileSamples() {
+    return this.db
+      .selectFrom('user')
+      .select(['id', 'profileImagePath'])
+      .where('profileImagePath', '!=', sql.lit(''))
+      .limit(sql.lit(3))
+      .execute();
+  }
+
  @GenerateSql()
  async hasAdmin(): Promise<boolean> {
    const admin = await this.db
--- a/server/src/schema/migrations/1752759108283-ConvertToAbsolutePaths.ts
+++ b/server/src/schema/migrations/1752759108283-ConvertToAbsolutePaths.ts
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { Kysely, sql } from 'kysely';
+import { LoggingRepository } from 'src/repositories/logging.repository';
+
+const logger = LoggingRepository.create();
+logger.setContext('Migrations');
+
+export async function up(db: Kysely<any>): Promise<void> {
+  if (process.env.IMMICH_MEDIA_LOCATION) {
+    // do not automatically convert paths for a custom location/setting
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // we construct paths using `path.join(mediaLocation, ...)`, which strips the leading './'
+  const source = 'upload';
+  const target = '/usr/src/app/upload';
+
+  logger.log(`Converting database file paths from relative to absolute (source=${source}/*, target=${target}/*)`);
+
+  // escaping regex special characters with a backslash
+  const sourceRegex = '^' + source.replaceAll(/[-[\]{}()*+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g, String.raw`\$&`);
+
+  const items: Array<{ table: string; column: string }> = [
+    { table: 'asset', column: 'originalPath' },
+    { table: 'asset', column: 'encodedVideoPath' },
+    { table: 'asset', column: 'sidecarPath' },
+    { table: 'asset_file', column: 'path' },
+    { table: 'person', column: 'thumbnailPath' },
+    { table: 'user', column: 'profileImagePath' },
+  ];
+
+  for (const { table, column } of items) {
+    const query = `UPDATE "${table}" SET "${column}" = REGEXP_REPLACE("${column}", '${sourceRegex}', '${target}') WHERE "${column}" IS NOT NULL`;
+    await sql.raw(query).execute(db);
+  }
+}
+
+export async function down(): Promise<void> {
+  // not supported
+}
--- a/server/src/services/asset-media.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/asset-media.service.spec.ts
@ -294,16 +294,16 @@ describe(AssetMediaService.name, () => {

    it('should return profile for profile uploads', () => {
      expect(sut.getUploadFolder(uploadFile.filename(UploadFieldName.PROFILE_DATA, 'image.jpg'))).toEqual(
-        'upload/profile/admin_id',
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/profile/admin_id'),
      );
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/profile/admin_id');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/profile/admin_id'));
    });

    it('should return upload for everything else', () => {
      expect(sut.getUploadFolder(uploadFile.filename(UploadFieldName.ASSET_DATA, 'image.jpg'))).toEqual(
-        'upload/upload/admin_id/ra/nd',
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/upload/admin_id/ra/nd'),
      );
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/upload/admin_id/ra/nd');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/upload/admin_id/ra/nd'));
    });
  });

@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ describe(AssetMediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.job.queue).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        name: JobName.FileDelete,
-        data: { files: ['upload/upload/user-id/ra/nd/random-uuid.jpg'] },
+        data: { files: [expect.stringContaining('upload/upload/user-id/ra/nd/random-uuid.jpg')] },
      });
    });
  });
--- a/server/src/services/auth.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/auth.service.spec.ts
@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ describe(AuthService.name, () => {
      ).resolves.toEqual(oauthResponse(user));

      expect(mocks.user.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith(user.id, {
-        profileImagePath: `upload/profile/${user.id}/${fileId}.jpg`,
+        profileImagePath: expect.stringContaining(`upload/profile/${user.id}/${fileId}.jpg`),
        profileChangedAt: expect.any(Date),
      });
      expect(mocks.oauth.getProfilePicture).toHaveBeenCalledWith(pictureUrl);
--- a/server/src/services/cli.service.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/cli.service.ts
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { isAbsolute } from 'node:path';
 import { SALT_ROUNDS } from 'src/constants';
 import { UserAdminResponseDto, mapUserAdmin } from 'src/dtos/user.dto';
 import { BaseService } from 'src/services/base.service';
@ -67,6 +68,63 @@ export class CliService extends BaseService {
    await this.updateConfig(config);
  }

+  async getSampleFilePaths(): Promise<string[]> {
+    const [assets, people, users] = await Promise.all([
+      this.assetRepository.getFileSamples(),
+      this.personRepository.getFileSamples(),
+      this.userRepository.getFileSamples(),
+    ]);
+
+    const paths = [];
+
+    for (const person of people) {
+      paths.push(person.thumbnailPath);
+    }
+
+    for (const user of users) {
+      paths.push(user.profileImagePath);
+    }
+
+    for (const asset of assets) {
+      paths.push(
+        asset.originalPath,
+        asset.sidecarPath,
+        asset.encodedVideoPath,
+        ...asset.files.map((file) => file.path),
+      );
+    }
+
+    return paths.filter(Boolean) as string[];
+  }
+
+  async migrateFilePaths({
+    oldValue,
+    newValue,
+    confirm,
+  }: {
+    oldValue: string;
+    newValue: string;
+    confirm: (data: { sourceFolder: string; targetFolder: string }) => Promise<boolean>;
+  }): Promise<boolean> {
+    let sourceFolder = oldValue;
+    if (sourceFolder.startsWith('./')) {
+      sourceFolder = sourceFolder.slice(2);
+    }
+
+    const targetFolder = newValue;
+    if (!isAbsolute(targetFolder)) {
+      throw new Error('Target media location must be an absolute path');
+    }
+
+    if (!(await confirm({ sourceFolder, targetFolder }))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    await this.databaseRepository.migrateFilePaths(sourceFolder, targetFolder);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
  cleanup() {
    return this.databaseRepository.shutdown();
  }
--- a/server/src/services/download.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/download.service.spec.ts
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { APP_MEDIA_LOCATION } from 'src/constants';
 import { DownloadResponseDto } from 'src/dtos/download.dto';
 import { DownloadService } from 'src/services/download.service';
 import { assetStub } from 'test/fixtures/asset.stub';
@ -46,7 +47,11 @@ describe(DownloadService.name, () => {
      });

      expect(archiveMock.addFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(archiveMock.addFile).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, 'upload/library/IMG_123.jpg', 'IMG_123.jpg');
+      expect(archiveMock.addFile).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+        1,
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/library/IMG_123.jpg'),
+        'IMG_123.jpg',
+      );
    });

    it('should log a warning if the original path could not be resolved', async () => {
@ -279,9 +284,15 @@ describe(DownloadService.name, () => {
      mocks.downloadRepository.downloadAssetIds.mockReturnValue(
        makeStream([{ id: 'asset-1', livePhotoVideoId: 'asset-3', size: 5000 }]),
      );
+
      mocks.downloadRepository.downloadMotionAssetIds.mockReturnValue(
        makeStream([
-          { id: 'asset-2', livePhotoVideoId: null, size: 23_456, originalPath: 'upload/encoded-video/uuid-MP.mp4' },
+          {
+            id: 'asset-2',
+            livePhotoVideoId: null,
+            size: 23_456,
+            originalPath: APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + '/encoded-video/uuid-MP.mp4',
+          },
        ]),
      );

--- a/server/src/services/library.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/library.service.spec.ts
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Stats } from 'node:fs';
 import { defaults, SystemConfig } from 'src/config';
-import { JOBS_LIBRARY_PAGINATION_SIZE } from 'src/constants';
+import { APP_MEDIA_LOCATION, JOBS_LIBRARY_PAGINATION_SIZE } from 'src/constants';
 import { mapLibrary } from 'src/dtos/library.dto';
 import { AssetType, CronJob, ImmichWorker, JobName, JobStatus } from 'src/enum';
 import { LibraryService } from 'src/services/library.service';
@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ describe(LibraryService.name, () => {
    });

    it('should detect when import path is in immich media folder', async () => {
-      const importPaths = ['upload/thumbs', `${process.cwd()}/xyz`, 'upload/library'];
+      const importPaths = [APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + '/thumbs', `${process.cwd()}/xyz`, APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + '/library'];
      const library = factory.library({ importPaths });

      mocks.storage.stat.mockResolvedValue({ isDirectory: () => true } as Stats);
--- a/server/src/services/media.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/media.service.spec.ts
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { OutputInfo } from 'sharp';
 import { SystemConfig } from 'src/config';
+import { APP_MEDIA_LOCATION } from 'src/constants';
 import { Exif } from 'src/database';
 import {
  AssetFileType,
@ -204,19 +205,19 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
        entityId: assetStub.image.id,
        pathType: AssetPathType.FullSize,
        oldPath: '/uploads/user-id/fullsize/path.webp',
-        newPath: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.jpeg',
+        newPath: expect.stringContaining('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.jpeg'),
      });
      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        entityId: assetStub.image.id,
        pathType: AssetPathType.Preview,
        oldPath: '/uploads/user-id/thumbs/path.jpg',
-        newPath: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        newPath: expect.stringContaining('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg'),
      });
      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        entityId: assetStub.image.id,
        pathType: AssetPathType.Thumbnail,
        oldPath: '/uploads/user-id/webp/path.ext',
-        newPath: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp',
+        newPath: expect.stringContaining('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp'),
      });
      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
    });
@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      await sut.handleGenerateThumbnails({ id: assetStub.image.id });

-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));

      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(assetStub.image.originalPath, {
@ -315,7 +316,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbnail).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        rawBuffer,
@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp',
+        expect.any(String),
      );

      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbhash).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
@ -341,12 +342,12 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
        {
          assetId: 'asset-id',
          type: AssetFileType.Preview,
-          path: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+          path: expect.any(String),
        },
        {
          assetId: 'asset-id',
          type: AssetFileType.Thumbnail,
-          path: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp',
+          path: expect.any(String),
        },
      ]);
      expect(mocks.asset.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: 'asset-id', thumbhash: thumbhashBuffer });
@ -357,10 +358,10 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      mocks.assetJob.getForGenerateThumbnailJob.mockResolvedValue(assetStub.video);
      await sut.handleGenerateThumbnails({ id: assetStub.video.id });

-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: ['-skip_frame nointra', '-sws_flags accurate_rnd+full_chroma_int'],
          outputOptions: [
@ -377,12 +378,12 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
        {
          assetId: 'asset-id',
          type: AssetFileType.Preview,
-          path: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+          path: expect.any(String),
        },
        {
          assetId: 'asset-id',
          type: AssetFileType.Thumbnail,
-          path: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp',
+          path: expect.any(String),
        },
      ]);
    });
@ -392,10 +393,10 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      mocks.assetJob.getForGenerateThumbnailJob.mockResolvedValue(assetStub.video);
      await sut.handleGenerateThumbnails({ id: assetStub.video.id });

-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: ['-skip_frame nointra', '-sws_flags accurate_rnd+full_chroma_int'],
          outputOptions: [
@ -412,12 +413,12 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
        {
          assetId: 'asset-id',
          type: AssetFileType.Preview,
-          path: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+          path: expect.any(String),
        },
        {
          assetId: 'asset-id',
          type: AssetFileType.Thumbnail,
-          path: 'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp',
+          path: expect.any(String),
        },
      ]);
    });
@ -432,7 +433,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: ['-skip_frame nointra', '-sws_flags accurate_rnd+full_chroma_int'],
          outputOptions: [
@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: ['-sws_flags accurate_rnd+full_chroma_int'],
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -471,7 +472,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('scale=-2:1440')]),
@ -485,12 +486,12 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      mocks.assetJob.getForGenerateThumbnailJob.mockResolvedValue(assetStub.image);
      const thumbhashBuffer = Buffer.from('a thumbhash', 'utf8');
      mocks.media.generateThumbhash.mockResolvedValue(thumbhashBuffer);
-      const previewPath = `upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.${format}`;
-      const thumbnailPath = `upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp`;
+      const previewPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.${format}`;
+      const thumbnailPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp`;

      await sut.handleGenerateThumbnails({ id: assetStub.image.id });

-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(assetStub.image.originalPath, {
        colorspace: Colorspace.Srgb,
@ -530,12 +531,12 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      mocks.assetJob.getForGenerateThumbnailJob.mockResolvedValue(assetStub.image);
      const thumbhashBuffer = Buffer.from('a thumbhash', 'utf8');
      mocks.media.generateThumbhash.mockResolvedValue(thumbhashBuffer);
-      const previewPath = `upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg`;
-      const thumbnailPath = `upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.${format}`;
+      const previewPath = expect.stringContaining(`upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg`);
+      const thumbnailPath = expect.stringContaining(`upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.${format}`);

      await sut.handleGenerateThumbnails({ id: assetStub.image.id });

-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(assetStub.image.originalPath, {
        colorspace: Colorspace.Srgb,
@ -658,12 +659,12 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbnail).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        rawBuffer,
        expect.objectContaining({ processInvalidImages: false }),
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbnail).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        rawBuffer,
        expect.objectContaining({ processInvalidImages: false }),
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-thumbnail.webp',
+        expect.any(String),
      );

      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbhash).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
@ -704,7 +705,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -734,7 +735,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.webp',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbnail).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        fullsizeBuffer,
@ -746,7 +747,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -774,7 +775,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbnail).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        rawBuffer,
@ -786,7 +787,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-preview.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -815,7 +816,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -838,7 +839,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.media.generateThumbnail).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        expect.anything(),
        expect.anything(),
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.jpeg',
+        expect.stringContaining('fullsize.jpeg'),
      );
    });

@ -869,7 +870,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          raw: rawInfo,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/user-id/as/se/asset-id-fullsize.webp',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });
  });
@ -911,7 +912,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      );

      expect(mocks.person.getDataForThumbnailGenerationJob).toHaveBeenCalledWith(personStub.primaryPerson.id);
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(personThumbnailStub.newThumbnailMiddle.originalPath, {
        colorspace: Colorspace.P3,
        orientation: undefined,
@ -933,12 +934,9 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
-      expect(mocks.person.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        id: 'person-1',
-        thumbnailPath: 'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
-      });
+      expect(mocks.person.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: 'person-1', thumbnailPath: expect.any(String) });
    });

    it('should use preview path if video', async () => {
@ -953,7 +951,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      );

      expect(mocks.person.getDataForThumbnailGenerationJob).toHaveBeenCalledWith(personStub.primaryPerson.id);
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String));
      expect(mocks.media.decodeImage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(personThumbnailStub.newThumbnailMiddle.previewPath, {
        colorspace: Colorspace.P3,
        orientation: undefined,
@ -975,12 +973,9 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
-      expect(mocks.person.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        id: 'person-1',
-        thumbnailPath: 'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
-      });
+      expect(mocks.person.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: 'person-1', thumbnailPath: expect.any(String) });
    });

    it('should generate a thumbnail without going negative', async () => {
@ -1015,7 +1010,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -1052,7 +1047,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -1089,7 +1084,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -1126,7 +1121,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -1168,7 +1163,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
          processInvalidImages: false,
          size: 250,
        },
-        'upload/thumbs/admin_id/pe/rs/person-1.jpeg',
+        expect.any(String),
      );
    });

@ -1288,7 +1283,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-map 0:1', '-map 0:3']),
@ -1308,7 +1303,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-map 0:0', '-map 0:2']),
@ -1354,7 +1349,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -1369,7 +1364,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -1384,7 +1379,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -1399,7 +1394,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -1416,7 +1411,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('scale')]),
@ -1431,7 +1426,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringMatching(/scale(_.+)?=-2:720/)]),
@ -1446,7 +1441,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringMatching(/scale(_.+)?=720:-2/)]),
@ -1463,7 +1458,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringMatching(/scale(_.+)?=-2:354/)]),
@ -1480,7 +1475,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringMatching(/scale(_.+)?=354:-2/)]),
@ -1497,7 +1492,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v copy', '-c:a aac']),
@ -1518,7 +1513,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining(['-tag:v hvc1']),
@ -1539,7 +1534,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v copy', '-tag:v hvc1']),
@ -1554,7 +1549,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-c:a copy']),
@ -1568,7 +1563,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v copy', '-c:a copy']),
@ -1627,7 +1622,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-maxrate 4500k', '-bufsize 9000k']),
@ -1642,7 +1637,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-maxrate 4500k', '-bufsize 9000k']),
@ -1657,7 +1652,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-b:v 3104k', '-minrate 1552k', '-maxrate 4500k']),
@ -1672,7 +1667,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-c:a copy']),
@ -1693,7 +1688,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-b:v 3104k', '-minrate 1552k', '-maxrate 4500k']),
@ -1714,7 +1709,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-maxrate')]),
@ -1729,7 +1724,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-cpu-used 2']),
@ -1744,7 +1739,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-cpu-used')]),
@ -1759,7 +1754,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-threads 2']),
@ -1774,7 +1769,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-threads 1', '-x264-params frame-threads=1:pools=none']),
@ -1789,7 +1784,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-threads')]),
@ -1804,7 +1799,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v hevc', '-threads 1', '-x265-params frame-threads=1:pools=none']),
@ -1819,7 +1814,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-threads')]),
@ -1834,7 +1829,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -1859,7 +1854,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-preset 4']),
@ -1874,7 +1869,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-svtav1-params mbr=2M']),
@ -1889,7 +1884,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-svtav1-params lp=4']),
@ -1906,7 +1901,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-svtav1-params lp=4:mbr=2M']),
@ -1950,7 +1945,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-init_hw_device cuda=cuda:0', '-filter_hw_device cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -1987,7 +1982,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-init_hw_device cuda=cuda:0', '-filter_hw_device cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-multipass')]),
@ -2004,7 +1999,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-init_hw_device cuda=cuda:0', '-filter_hw_device cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-cq:v 23', '-maxrate 10000k', '-bufsize 6897k']),
@ -2021,7 +2016,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-init_hw_device cuda=cuda:0', '-filter_hw_device cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.not.stringContaining('-maxrate'),
@ -2038,7 +2033,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-init_hw_device cuda=cuda:0', '-filter_hw_device cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-preset')]),
@ -2053,7 +2048,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-init_hw_device cuda=cuda:0', '-filter_hw_device cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.not.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('-multipass')]),
@ -2070,7 +2065,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-hwaccel cuda',
@ -2092,7 +2087,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel cuda', '-hwaccel_output_format cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2113,7 +2108,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel cuda', '-hwaccel_output_format cuda']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('scale_cuda=-2:720:format=nv12')]),
@ -2130,7 +2125,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device qsv=hw,child_device=/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2170,7 +2165,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device qsv=hw,child_device=/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2190,7 +2185,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device qsv=hw,child_device=/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2210,7 +2205,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device qsv=hw,child_device=/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2239,7 +2234,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device qsv=hw,child_device=/dev/dri/renderD129',
@ -2261,7 +2256,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-hwaccel qsv',
@ -2287,7 +2282,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-hwaccel qsv',
@ -2315,7 +2310,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel qsv', '-qsv_device /dev/dri/renderD129']),
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -2334,7 +2329,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-hwaccel qsv',
@ -2354,7 +2349,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2386,7 +2381,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2410,7 +2405,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2436,7 +2431,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2455,7 +2450,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD129',
@ -2476,7 +2471,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2498,7 +2493,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-hwaccel vaapi',
@ -2523,7 +2518,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel vaapi', '-hwaccel_output_format vaapi', '-threads 1']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2546,7 +2541,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel vaapi', '-hwaccel_output_format vaapi', '-threads 1']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('format=nv12')]),
@ -2565,7 +2560,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel vaapi', '-hwaccel_device /dev/dri/renderD129']),
          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
@ -2584,7 +2579,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-init_hw_device vaapi=accel:/dev/dri/renderD128',
@ -2607,7 +2602,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264']),
@ -2624,7 +2619,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264']),
@ -2649,7 +2644,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
            '-hwaccel rkmpp',
@ -2689,7 +2684,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel rkmpp', '-hwaccel_output_format drm_prime', '-afbc rga']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([`-c:v hevc_rkmpp`, '-level 153', '-rc_mode AVBR', '-b:v 10000k']),
@ -2706,7 +2701,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel rkmpp', '-hwaccel_output_format drm_prime', '-afbc rga']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([`-c:v h264_rkmpp`, '-level 51', '-rc_mode CQP', '-qp_init 30']),
@ -2723,7 +2718,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel rkmpp', '-hwaccel_output_format drm_prime', '-afbc rga']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2745,7 +2740,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-hwaccel rkmpp', '-hwaccel_output_format drm_prime', '-afbc rga']),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2764,7 +2759,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: [],
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2786,7 +2781,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2805,7 +2800,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2824,7 +2819,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining([
@ -2843,7 +2838,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-c:a copy', '-vf format=yuv420p']),
@ -2858,7 +2853,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });
      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        expect.any(String),
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:v h264', '-c:a copy', '-vf scale=-2:720,format=yuv420p']),
@ -2874,19 +2869,15 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {
      await sut.handleVideoConversion({ id: assetStub.video.id });

      expect(mocks.media.probe).toHaveBeenCalledWith(assetStub.video.originalPath, { countFrames: true });
-      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        assetStub.video.originalPath,
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
-        {
-          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
-          outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
-          twoPass: false,
-          progress: {
-            frameCount: probeStub.videoStream2160p.videoStreams[0].frameCount,
-            percentInterval: expect.any(Number),
-          },
+      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(assetStub.video.originalPath, expect.any(String), {
+        inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
+        outputOptions: expect.any(Array),
+        twoPass: false,
+        progress: {
+          frameCount: probeStub.videoStream2160p.videoStreams[0].frameCount,
+          percentInterval: expect.any(Number),
        },
-      );
+      });
    });

    it('should not count frames for progress when log level is not debug', async () => {
@ -2904,7 +2895,7 @@ describe(MediaService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.media.transcode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.ext',
-        'upload/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
+        APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + '/encoded-video/user-id/as/se/asset-id.mp4',
        expect.objectContaining({
          inputOptions: expect.any(Array),
          outputOptions: expect.arrayContaining(['-c:a copy']),
--- a/server/src/services/metadata.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/metadata.service.spec.ts
@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ describe(MetadataService.name, () => {
        libraryId: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.libraryId,
        localDateTime: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.fileCreatedAt,
        originalFileName: 'asset_1.mp4',
-        originalPath: 'upload/encoded-video/user-id/li/ve/live-photo-motion-asset-MP.mp4',
+        originalPath: expect.stringContaining('upload/encoded-video/user-id/li/ve/live-photo-motion-asset-MP.mp4'),
        ownerId: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.ownerId,
        type: AssetType.Video,
      });
@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ describe(MetadataService.name, () => {
        libraryId: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.libraryId,
        localDateTime: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.fileCreatedAt,
        originalFileName: 'asset_1.mp4',
-        originalPath: 'upload/encoded-video/user-id/li/ve/live-photo-motion-asset-MP.mp4',
+        originalPath: expect.stringContaining('upload/encoded-video/user-id/li/ve/live-photo-motion-asset-MP.mp4'),
        ownerId: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.ownerId,
        type: AssetType.Video,
      });
@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ describe(MetadataService.name, () => {
        libraryId: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.libraryId,
        localDateTime: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.fileCreatedAt,
        originalFileName: 'asset_1.mp4',
-        originalPath: 'upload/encoded-video/user-id/li/ve/live-photo-motion-asset-MP.mp4',
+        originalPath: expect.stringContaining('upload/encoded-video/user-id/li/ve/live-photo-motion-asset-MP.mp4'),
        ownerId: assetStub.livePhotoWithOriginalFileName.ownerId,
        type: AssetType.Video,
      });
--- a/server/src/services/server.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/server.service.spec.ts
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe(ServerService.name, () => {
        diskUseRaw: 300,
      });

-      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
+      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
    });

    it('should return the disk space as KiB', async () => {
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe(ServerService.name, () => {
        diskUseRaw: 300_000,
      });

-      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
+      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
    });

    it('should return the disk space as MiB', async () => {
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ describe(ServerService.name, () => {
        diskUseRaw: 300_000_000,
      });

-      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
+      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
    });

    it('should return the disk space as GiB', async () => {
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ describe(ServerService.name, () => {
        diskUseRaw: 300_000_000_000,
      });

-      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
+      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
    });

    it('should return the disk space as TiB', async () => {
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ describe(ServerService.name, () => {
        diskUseRaw: 300_000_000_000_000,
      });

-      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
+      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
    });

    it('should return the disk space as PiB', async () => {
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ describe(ServerService.name, () => {
        diskUseRaw: 300_000_000_000_000_000,
      });

-      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
+      expect(mocks.storage.checkDiskUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
    });
  });

--- a/server/src/services/storage-template.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/storage-template.service.spec.ts
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Stats } from 'node:fs';
 import { defaults, SystemConfig } from 'src/config';
+import { APP_MEDIA_LOCATION } from 'src/constants';
 import { AssetPathType, JobStatus } from 'src/enum';
 import { StorageTemplateService } from 'src/services/storage-template.service';
 import { albumStub } from 'test/fixtures/album.stub';
@ -110,8 +111,10 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

    it('should migrate single moving picture', async () => {
      mocks.user.get.mockResolvedValue(userStub.user1);
-      const newMotionPicturePath = `upload/library/${motionAsset.ownerId}/2022/2022-06-19/${motionAsset.originalFileName}`;
-      const newStillPicturePath = `upload/library/${stillAsset.ownerId}/2022/2022-06-19/${stillAsset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newMotionPicturePath =
+        APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${motionAsset.ownerId}/2022/2022-06-19/${motionAsset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newStillPicturePath =
+        APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${stillAsset.ownerId}/2022/2022-06-19/${stillAsset.originalFileName}`;

      mocks.assetJob.getForStorageTemplateJob.mockResolvedValueOnce(stillAsset);
      mocks.assetJob.getForStorageTemplateJob.mockResolvedValueOnce(motionAsset);
@ -156,7 +159,9 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        entityId: asset.id,
-        newPath: `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/${album.albumName}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        newPath: expect.stringContaining(
+          `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/${album.albumName}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        ),
        oldPath: asset.originalPath,
        pathType: AssetPathType.Original,
      });
@ -177,7 +182,9 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      const month = (asset.fileCreatedAt.getMonth() + 1).toString().padStart(2, '0');
      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        entityId: asset.id,
-        newPath: `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/other/${month}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        newPath: expect.stringContaining(
+          `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/other/${month}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        ),
        oldPath: asset.originalPath,
        pathType: AssetPathType.Original,
      });
@ -211,7 +218,9 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      const month = (asset.fileCreatedAt.getMonth() + 1).toString().padStart(2, '0');
      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        entityId: asset.id,
-        newPath: `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/${month} - ${album.albumName}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        newPath: expect.stringContaining(
+          `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/${month} - ${album.albumName}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        ),
        oldPath: asset.originalPath,
        pathType: AssetPathType.Original,
      });
@ -234,7 +243,9 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      const month = (asset.fileCreatedAt.getMonth() + 1).toString().padStart(2, '0');
      expect(mocks.move.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        entityId: asset.id,
-        newPath: `upload/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/${month}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        newPath:
+          APP_MEDIA_LOCATION +
+          `/library/${user.id}/${asset.fileCreatedAt.getFullYear()}/${month}/${asset.originalFileName}`,
        oldPath: asset.originalPath,
        pathType: AssetPathType.Original,
      });
@ -244,8 +255,9 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      mocks.user.get.mockResolvedValue(userStub.user1);

      const asset = assetStub.storageAsset();
-      const previousFailedNewPath = `upload/library/${userStub.user1.id}/2023/Feb/${asset.originalFileName}`;
-      const newPath = `upload/library/${userStub.user1.id}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const previousFailedNewPath =
+        APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${userStub.user1.id}/2023/Feb/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${userStub.user1.id}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;

      mocks.storage.checkFileExists.mockImplementation((path) => Promise.resolve(path === asset.originalPath));
      mocks.move.getByEntity.mockResolvedValue({
@ -284,8 +296,9 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      mocks.user.get.mockResolvedValue(userStub.user1);

      const asset = assetStub.storageAsset({ fileSizeInByte: 5000 });
-      const previousFailedNewPath = `upload/library/${asset.ownerId}/2022/June/${asset.originalFileName}`;
-      const newPath = `upload/library/${asset.ownerId}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const previousFailedNewPath =
+        APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${asset.ownerId}/2022/June/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${asset.ownerId}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;

      mocks.storage.checkFileExists.mockImplementation((path) => Promise.resolve(path === previousFailedNewPath));
      mocks.storage.stat.mockResolvedValue({ size: 5000 } as Stats);
@ -319,7 +332,8 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

    it('should fail move if copying and hash of asset and the new file do not match', async () => {
      mocks.user.get.mockResolvedValue(userStub.user1);
-      const newPath = `upload/library/${userStub.user1.id}/2022/2022-06-19/${testAsset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newPath =
+        APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/${userStub.user1.id}/2022/2022-06-19/${testAsset.originalFileName}`;

      mocks.storage.rename.mockRejectedValue({ code: 'EXDEV' });
      mocks.storage.stat.mockResolvedValue({ size: 5000 } as Stats);
@ -409,7 +423,7 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
    it('should handle an asset with a duplicate destination', async () => {
      const asset = assetStub.storageAsset();
      const oldPath = asset.originalPath;
-      const newPath = `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
      const newPath2 = newPath.replace('.jpg', '+1.jpg');

      mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob.mockReturnValue(makeStream([asset]));
@ -466,7 +480,7 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
    it('should move an asset', async () => {
      const asset = assetStub.storageAsset();
      const oldPath = asset.originalPath;
-      const newPath = `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
      mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob.mockReturnValue(makeStream([asset]));
      mocks.user.getList.mockResolvedValue([userStub.user1]);
      mocks.move.create.mockResolvedValue({
@ -502,18 +516,20 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.jpg',
-        `upload/library/${user.storageLabel}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.storageLabel}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`),
      );
      expect(mocks.asset.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        id: asset.id,
-        originalPath: `upload/library/${user.storageLabel}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        originalPath: expect.stringContaining(
+          `upload/library/${user.storageLabel}/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        ),
      });
    });

    it('should copy the file if rename fails due to EXDEV (rename across filesystems)', async () => {
      const asset = assetStub.storageAsset({ originalPath: '/path/to/original.jpg', fileSizeInByte: 5000 });
      const oldPath = asset.originalPath;
-      const newPath = `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
+      const newPath = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION + `/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`;
      mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob.mockReturnValue(makeStream([asset]));
      mocks.storage.rename.mockRejectedValue({ code: 'EXDEV' });
      mocks.user.getList.mockResolvedValue([userStub.user1]);
@ -572,14 +588,14 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.jpg',
-        `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`),
      );
      expect(mocks.storage.copyFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.jpg',
-        `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`),
      );
      expect(mocks.storage.stat).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`),
      );
      expect(mocks.asset.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
@ -603,7 +619,7 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {
      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        '/original/path.jpg',
-        `upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/user-id/2022/2022-06-19/${asset.originalFileName}`),
      );
      expect(mocks.asset.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
@ -631,8 +647,8 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.heic`,
-        `upload/library/${user.storageLabel}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.heic`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.heic`),
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.storageLabel}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.heic`),
      );
    });

@ -657,8 +673,8 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.HEIC`,
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.heic`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.HEIC`),
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.heic`),
      );
    });

@ -683,8 +699,8 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.JPEG`,
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.jpg`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.JPEG`),
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.jpg`),
      );
    });

@ -709,8 +725,8 @@ describe(StorageTemplateService.name, () => {

      expect(mocks.assetJob.streamForStorageTemplateJob).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(mocks.storage.rename).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.JPG`,
-        `upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.jpg`,
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.JPG`),
+        expect.stringContaining(`upload/library/${user.id}/2022/2022-06-19/IMG_7065.jpg`),
      );
    });
  });
--- a/server/src/services/storage.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/storage.service.spec.ts
@ -32,18 +32,36 @@ describe(StorageService.name, () => {
          upload: true,
        },
      });
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/encoded-video');
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/profile');
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs');
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/upload');
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/backups');
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/encoded-video/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/profile/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/upload/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/backups/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/encoded-video'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/profile'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/thumbs'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/upload'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/backups'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/encoded-video/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/library/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/profile/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/thumbs/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/upload/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/backups/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
    });

    it('should enable mount folder checking for a new folder type', async () => {
@ -71,11 +89,17 @@ describe(StorageService.name, () => {
        },
      });
      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library');
-      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/backups');
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library'));
+      expect(mocks.storage.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/backups'));
      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
-      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/backups/.immich', expect.any(Buffer));
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/library/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.createFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/backups/.immich'),
+        expect.any(Buffer),
+      );
    });

    it('should throw an error if .immich is missing', async () => {
@ -131,7 +155,7 @@ describe(StorageService.name, () => {

      await expect(sut.onBootstrap()).resolves.toBeUndefined();

-      expect(mocks.systemMetadata.set).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mocks.systemMetadata.set).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(SystemMetadataKey.SystemFlags, expect.anything());
    });
  });

--- a/server/src/services/storage.service.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/storage.service.ts
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { join, resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { APP_MEDIA_LOCATION } from 'src/constants';
 import { StorageCore } from 'src/cores/storage.core';
 import { OnEvent, OnJob } from 'src/decorators';
 import { DatabaseLock, JobName, JobStatus, QueueName, StorageFolder, SystemMetadataKey } from 'src/enum';
@ -60,6 +61,17 @@ export class StorageService extends BaseService {
        }
      }
    });
+
+    await this.databaseRepository.withLock(DatabaseLock.MediaLocation, async () => {
+      const current = APP_MEDIA_LOCATION;
+      const savedValue = await this.systemMetadataRepository.get(SystemMetadataKey.MediaLocation);
+      const previous = savedValue?.location || '';
+
+      if (previous !== current) {
+        this.logger.log(`Media location changed (from=${previous}, to=${current})`);
+        await this.systemMetadataRepository.set(SystemMetadataKey.MediaLocation, { location: current });
+      }
+    });
  }

  @OnJob({ name: JobName.FileDelete, queue: QueueName.BackgroundTask })
@ -87,9 +99,8 @@ export class StorageService extends BaseService {
    try {
      await this.storageRepository.readFile(internalPath);
    } catch (error) {
-      const fullyQualifiedPath = resolve(process.cwd(), internalPath);
-      this.logger.error(`Failed to read ${fullyQualifiedPath} (${internalPath}): ${error}`);
-      throw new ImmichStartupError(`Failed to read: "${externalPath} (${fullyQualifiedPath}) - ${docsMessage}"`);
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to read (${internalPath}): ${error}`);
+      throw new ImmichStartupError(`Failed to read: "${externalPath} (${internalPath}) - ${docsMessage}"`);
    }
  }

--- a/server/src/services/user.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/user.service.spec.ts
@ -235,11 +235,26 @@ describe(UserService.name, () => {

      await sut.handleUserDelete({ id: user.id });

-      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library/deleted-user', options);
-      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/upload/deleted-user', options);
-      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/profile/deleted-user', options);
-      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/thumbs/deleted-user', options);
-      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/encoded-video/deleted-user', options);
+      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/library/deleted-user'),
+        options,
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/upload/deleted-user'),
+        options,
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/profile/deleted-user'),
+        options,
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/thumbs/deleted-user'),
+        options,
+      );
+      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('upload/encoded-video/deleted-user'),
+        options,
+      );
      expect(mocks.album.deleteAll).toHaveBeenCalledWith(user.id);
      expect(mocks.user.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith(user, true);
    });
@ -253,7 +268,7 @@ describe(UserService.name, () => {

      const options = { force: true, recursive: true };

-      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith('upload/library/admin', options);
+      expect(mocks.storage.unlinkDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('upload/library/admin'), options);
    });
  });

--- a/server/src/types.ts
+++ b/server/src/types.ts
@ -451,11 +451,13 @@ export type MemoriesState = {
  /** memories have already been created through this date */
  lastOnThisDayDate: string;
 };
+export type MediaLocation = { location: string };

 export interface SystemMetadata extends Record<SystemMetadataKey, Record<string, any>> {
  [SystemMetadataKey.AdminOnboarding]: { isOnboarded: boolean };
  [SystemMetadataKey.FacialRecognitionState]: { lastRun?: string };
  [SystemMetadataKey.License]: { licenseKey: string; activationKey: string; activatedAt: Date };
+  [SystemMetadataKey.MediaLocation]: MediaLocation;
  [SystemMetadataKey.ReverseGeocodingState]: { lastUpdate?: string; lastImportFileName?: string };
  [SystemMetadataKey.SystemConfig]: DeepPartial<SystemConfig>;
  [SystemMetadataKey.SystemFlags]: DeepPartial<SystemFlags>;
--- a/server/src/utils/file.ts
+++ b/server/src/utils/file.ts
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { HttpException, StreamableFile } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { NextFunction, Response } from 'express';
 import { access, constants } from 'node:fs/promises';
-import { basename, extname, isAbsolute } from 'node:path';
+import { basename, extname } from 'node:path';
 import { promisify } from 'node:util';
 import { CacheControl } from 'src/enum';
 import { LoggingRepository } from 'src/repositories/logging.repository';
@ -62,15 +62,9 @@ export const sendFile = async (
      res.header('Content-Disposition', `inline; filename*=UTF-8''${encodeURIComponent(file.fileName)}`);
    }

-    // configure options for serving
-    const options: SendFileOptions = { dotfiles: 'allow' };
-    if (!isAbsolute(file.path)) {
-      options.root = process.cwd();
-    }
-
    await access(file.path, constants.R_OK);

-    return await _sendFile(file.path, options);
+    return await _sendFile(file.path, { dotfiles: 'allow' });
  } catch (error: Error | any) {
    // ignore client-closed connection
    if (isConnectionAborted(error) || res.headersSent) {
--- a/server/test/repositories/asset.repository.mock.ts
+++ b/server/test/repositories/asset.repository.mock.ts
@ -39,5 +39,6 @@ export const newAssetRepositoryMock = (): Mocked<RepositoryInterface<AssetReposi
    detectOfflineExternalAssets: vitest.fn(),
    filterNewExternalAssetPaths: vitest.fn(),
    updateByLibraryId: vitest.fn(),
+    getFileSamples: vitest.fn(),
  };
 };
--- a/server/test/repositories/database.repository.mock.ts
+++ b/server/test/repositories/database.repository.mock.ts
@ -23,5 +23,6 @@ export const newDatabaseRepositoryMock = (): Mocked<RepositoryInterface<Database
    tryLock: vitest.fn(),
    isBusy: vitest.fn(),
    wait: vitest.fn(),
+    migrateFilePaths: vitest.fn(),
  };
 };