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[mod] OpenAlex engine: revision of the engine (Paper result)
Revision of the engine / use of the result type Paper as well as other typifications. Signed-off-by: Markus Heiser <markus.heiser@darmarit.de>
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Markus Heiser
Markus Heiser
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.. _openalex engine:
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=========
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OpenAlex
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=========
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Overview
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========
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The OpenAlex engine integrates the `OpenAlex`_ Works API to return scientific paper
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results using the :origin:`paper.html <searx/templates/simple/result_templates/paper.html>`
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template. It is an "online" JSON engine that uses the official public API and does
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not require an API key.
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.. _OpenAlex: https://openalex.org
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.. _OpenAlex API overview: https://docs.openalex.org/how-to-use-the-api/api-overview
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Key features
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------------
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- Uses the official Works endpoint (JSON)
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- Paging support via ``page`` and ``per-page``
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- Relevance sorting (``sort=relevance_score:desc``)
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- Language filter support (maps SearXNG language to ``filter=language:<iso2>``)
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- Maps fields commonly used in scholarly results: title, authors, abstract
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(reconstructed from inverted index), journal/venue, publisher, DOI, tags
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(concepts), PDF/HTML links, pages, volume, issue, published date, and a short
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citations comment
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- Supports OpenAlex "polite pool" by adding a ``mailto`` parameter
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Configuration
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=============
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Minimal example for :origin:`settings.yml <searx/settings.yml>`:
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.. code:: yaml
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- name: openalex
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engine: openalex
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shortcut: oa
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categories: science, scientific publications
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timeout: 5.0
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# Recommended by OpenAlex: join the polite pool with an email address
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mailto: "[email protected]"
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Notes
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-----
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- The ``mailto`` key is optional but recommended by OpenAlex for better service.
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- Language is inherited from the user's UI language; when it is not ``all``, the
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engine adds ``filter=language:<iso2>`` (e.g. ``language:fr``). If OpenAlex has
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few results for that language, you may see fewer items.
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- Results typically include a main link. When the primary landing page from
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OpenAlex is a DOI resolver, the engine will use that stable link. When an open
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access link is available, it is exposed via the ``PDF`` and/or ``HTML`` links
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in the result footer.
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What is returned
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================
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Each result uses the ``paper.html`` template and may include:
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- ``title`` and ``content`` (abstract; reconstructed from the inverted index)
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- ``authors`` (display names)
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- ``journal`` (host venue display name) and ``publisher``
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- ``doi`` (normalized to the plain DOI, without the ``https://doi.org/`` prefix)
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- ``tags`` (OpenAlex concepts display names)
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- ``pdf_url`` (Open access PDF if available) and ``html_url`` (landing page)
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- ``publishedDate`` (parsed from ``publication_date``)
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- ``pages``, ``volume``, ``number`` (issue)
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- ``type`` and a brief ``comments`` string with citation count
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Rate limits & polite pool
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=========================
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OpenAlex offers a free public API with generous daily limits. For extra courtesy
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and improved service quality, include a contact email in each request via
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``mailto``. You can set it directly in the engine configuration as shown above.
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See: `OpenAlex API overview`_.
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Troubleshooting
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===============
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- Few or no results in a non-English UI language:
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Ensure the selected language has sufficient coverage at OpenAlex, or set the
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UI language to English and retry.
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- Preference changes fail while testing locally:
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Make sure your ``server.secret_key`` and ``server.base_url`` are set in your
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instance settings so signed cookies work; see :ref:`settings server`.
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Implementation
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===============
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OpenAlex
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========
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.. automodule:: searx.engines.openalex
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:members:
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@ -1,14 +1,103 @@
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
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# pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring
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#
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# Engine is documented in: docs/dev/engines/online/openalex.rst
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"""The OpenAlex engine integrates the `OpenAlex`_ Works API to return scientific
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paper results using the :ref:`result_types.paper` class. It is an "online" JSON
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engine that uses the official public API and does not require an API key.
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.. _OpenAlex: https://openalex.org
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.. _OpenAlex API overview: https://docs.openalex.org/how-to-use-the-api/api-overview
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Key features
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------------
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- Uses the official Works endpoint (JSON)
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- Paging support via ``page`` and ``per-page``
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- Relevance sorting (``sort=relevance_score:desc``)
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- Language filter support (maps SearXNG language to ``filter=language:<iso2>``)
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- Maps fields commonly used in scholarly results: title, authors, abstract
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(reconstructed from inverted index), journal/venue, publisher, DOI, tags
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(concepts), PDF/HTML links, pages, volume, issue, published date, and a short
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citations comment
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- Supports OpenAlex "polite pool" by adding a ``mailto`` parameter
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Configuration
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=============
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Minimal example for :origin:`settings.yml <searx/settings.yml>`:
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.. code:: yaml
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- name: openalex
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engine: openalex
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shortcut: oa
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categories: science, scientific publications
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timeout: 5.0
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# Recommended by OpenAlex: join the polite pool with an email address
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mailto: "[email protected]"
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Notes
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-----
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- The ``mailto`` key is optional but recommended by OpenAlex for better service.
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- Language is inherited from the user's UI language; when it is not ``all``, the
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engine adds ``filter=language:<iso2>`` (e.g. ``language:fr``). If OpenAlex has
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few results for that language, you may see fewer items.
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- Results typically include a main link. When the primary landing page from
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OpenAlex is a DOI resolver, the engine will use that stable link. When an open
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access link is available, it is exposed via the ``PDF`` and/or ``HTML`` links
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in the result footer.
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What is returned
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================
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Each result uses the :ref:`result_types.paper` class and may include:
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- ``title`` and ``content`` (abstract; reconstructed from the inverted index)
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- ``authors`` (display names)
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- ``journal`` (host venue display name) and ``publisher``
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- ``doi`` (normalized to the plain DOI, without the ``https://doi.org/`` prefix)
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- ``tags`` (OpenAlex concepts display names)
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- ``pdf_url`` (Open access PDF if available) and ``html_url`` (landing page)
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- ``publishedDate`` (parsed from ``publication_date``)
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- ``pages``, ``volume``, ``number`` (issue)
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- ``type`` and a brief ``comments`` string with citation count
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Rate limits & polite pool
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=========================
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OpenAlex offers a free public API with generous daily limits. For extra courtesy
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and improved service quality, include a contact email in each request via
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``mailto``. You can set it directly in the engine configuration as shown above.
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See: `OpenAlex API overview`_.
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Troubleshooting
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===============
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- Few or no results in a non-English UI language:
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Ensure the selected language has sufficient coverage at OpenAlex, or set the
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UI language to English and retry.
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- Preference changes fail while testing locally:
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Make sure your ``server.secret_key`` and ``server.base_url`` are set in your
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instance settings so signed cookies work; see :ref:`settings server`.
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Implementation
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===============
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"""
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import typing as t
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from datetime import datetime
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from urllib.parse import urlencode
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from searx.result_types import EngineResults
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from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
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if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
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from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
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from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
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# about
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about = {
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@ -31,7 +120,7 @@ search_url = "https://api.openalex.org/works"
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mailto = ""
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def request(query: str, params: dict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
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def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
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# Build OpenAlex query using search parameter and paging
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args = {
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"search": query,
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@ -60,7 +149,7 @@ def request(query: str, params: dict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
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params["url"] = f"{search_url}?{urlencode(args)}"
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def response(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
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def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
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data = resp.json()
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res = EngineResults()
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@ -71,12 +160,11 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
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authors = _extract_authors(item)
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journal, publisher, pages, volume, number, published_date = _extract_biblio(item)
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doi = _doi_to_plain(item.get("doi"))
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tags = _extract_tags(item) or None
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tags = _extract_tags(item)
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comments = _extract_comments(item)
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res.add(
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res.types.LegacyResult(
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template="paper.html",
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res.types.Paper(
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url=url,
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title=title,
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content=content,
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@ -99,7 +187,7 @@ def response(resp: SXNG_Response) -> EngineResults:
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return res
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def _stringify_pages(biblio: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str | None:
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def _stringify_pages(biblio: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
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first_page = biblio.get("first_page")
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last_page = biblio.get("last_page")
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if first_page and last_page:
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@ -108,7 +196,7 @@ def _stringify_pages(biblio: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str | None:
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return str(first_page)
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if last_page:
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return str(last_page)
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return None
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return ""
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def _parse_date(value: str | None) -> datetime | None:
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@ -123,9 +211,9 @@ def _parse_date(value: str | None) -> datetime | None:
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return None
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def _doi_to_plain(doi_value: str | None) -> str | None:
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def _doi_to_plain(doi_value: str | None) -> str:
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if not doi_value:
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return None
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return ""
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# OpenAlex `doi` field is commonly a full URL like https://doi.org/10.1234/abcd
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return doi_value.removeprefix("https://doi.org/")
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@ -151,14 +239,17 @@ def _reconstruct_abstract(
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return text if text != "" else None
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def _extract_links(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> tuple[str, str | None, str | None]:
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primary_location = item.get("primary_location", {})
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landing_page_url: str | None = primary_location.get("landing_page_url")
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def _extract_links(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
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primary_location: dict[str, str] = item.get("primary_location", {})
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open_access: dict[str, str] = item.get("open_access", {})
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landing_page_url: str = primary_location.get("landing_page_url") or ""
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work_url: str = item.get("id", "")
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url: str = landing_page_url or work_url
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open_access = item.get("open_access", {})
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pdf_url: str | None = primary_location.get("pdf_url") or open_access.get("oa_url")
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html_url: str | None = landing_page_url
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html_url: str = landing_page_url
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pdf_url: str = primary_location.get("pdf_url") or open_access.get("oa_url") or ""
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return url, html_url, pdf_url
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@ -185,20 +276,21 @@ def _extract_tags(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> list[str]:
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def _extract_biblio(
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item: dict[str, t.Any],
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) -> tuple[str | None, str | None, str | None, str | None, str | None, datetime | None]:
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host_venue = item.get("host_venue", {})
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biblio = item.get("biblio", {})
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journal: str | None = host_venue.get("display_name")
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publisher: str | None = host_venue.get("publisher")
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pages = _stringify_pages(biblio)
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volume = biblio.get("volume")
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number = biblio.get("issue")
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) -> tuple[str, str, str, str, str, datetime | None]:
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host_venue: dict[str, str] = item.get("host_venue", {})
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biblio: dict[str, str] = item.get("biblio", {})
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journal: str = host_venue.get("display_name", "")
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publisher: str = host_venue.get("publisher", "")
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pages: str = _stringify_pages(biblio)
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volume = biblio.get("volume", "")
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number = biblio.get("issue", "")
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published_date = _parse_date(item.get("publication_date"))
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return journal, publisher, pages, volume, number, published_date
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def _extract_comments(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str | None:
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def _extract_comments(item: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
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cited_by_count = item.get("cited_by_count")
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if isinstance(cited_by_count, int):
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return f"{cited_by_count} citations"
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return None
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return ""
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