Implement success ratio in health checks

* Update contributing guidelines

* Request disclosure as a courtesy

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Contributing to Caddy
 =====================
 
-Welcome! Thank you for choosing to be a part of our community. Caddy wouldn't be great without your involvement!
+Welcome! Thank you for choosing to be a part of our community. Caddy wouldn't be nearly as excellent without your involvement!
 
 For starters, we invite you to join [the Caddy forum](https://caddy.community) where you can hang out with other Caddy users and developers.
 
@@ -35,19 +35,29 @@ Here are some of the expectations we have of contributors:
 
 - **Keep related commits together in a PR.** We do want pull requests to be small, but you should also keep multiple related commits in the same PR if they rely on each other.
 
-- **Write tests.** Tests are essential! Written properly, they ensure your change works, and that other changes in the future won't break your change. CI checks should pass.
+- **Write tests.** Good, automated tests are very valuable! Written properly, they ensure your change works, and that other changes in the future won't break your change. CI checks should pass.
 
-- **Benchmarks should be included for optimizations.** Optimizations sometimes make code harder to read or have changes that are less than obvious. They should be proven with benchmarks or profiling.
+- **Benchmarks should be included for optimizations.** Optimizations sometimes make code harder to read or have changes that are less than obvious. They should be proven with benchmarks and profiling.
 
 - **[Squash](http://gitready.com/advanced/2009/02/10/squashing-commits-with-rebase.html) insignificant commits.** Every commit should be significant. Commits which merely rewrite a comment or fix a typo can be combined into another commit that has more substance. Interactive rebase can do this, or a simpler way is `git reset --soft <diverging-commit>` then `git commit -s`.
 
-- **Own your contributions.** Caddy is a growing project, and it's much better when individual contributors help maintain their change after it is merged.
+- **Be responsible for and maintain your contributions.** Caddy is a growing project, and it's much better when individual contributors help maintain their change after it is merged.
 
 - **Use comments properly.** We expect good godoc comments for package-level functions, types, and values. Comments are also useful whenever the purpose for a line of code is not obvious.
 
-- **Pull requests may still get closed.** The longer a PR stays open and idle, the more likely it is to be closed. If we haven't reviewed it in a while, it probably means the change is not a priority. Please don't take this personally, we're trying to balance a lot of tasks! If nobody else has commented or reacted to the PR, it likely means your change is useful only to you. The reality is this happens quite a bit. We don't tend to accept PRs that aren't generally helpful. For these reasons or others, the PR may get closed even after a review. We are not obligated to accept all proposed changes, even if the best justification we can give is something vague like, "It doesn't sit right." Sometimes PRs are just the wrong thing or the wrong time. Because it is open source, you can always build your own modified version of Caddy with a change you need, even if we reject it in the official repo.
+- **Pull requests may still get closed.** The longer a PR stays open and idle, the more likely it is to be closed. If we haven't reviewed it in a while, it probably means the change is not a priority. Please don't take this personally, we're trying to balance a lot of tasks! If nobody else has commented or reacted to the PR, it likely means your change is useful only to you. The reality is this happens quite a lot. We don't tend to accept PRs that aren't generally helpful. For these reasons or others, the PR may get closed even after a review. We are not obligated to accept all proposed changes, even if the best justification we can give is something vague like, "It doesn't sit right." Sometimes PRs are just the wrong thing or the wrong time. Because it is open source, you can always build your own modified version of Caddy with a change you need, even if we reject it in the official repo. Plus, because Caddy is extensible, it's possible your feature could make a great plugin instead!
 
-We often grant [collaborator status](#collaborator-instructions) to contributors who author one or more significant, high-quality PRs that are merged into the code base!
+- **You certify that you wrote and comprehend the code you submit.** The Caddy project welcomes original contributions that comply with [our CLA](https://cla-assistant.io/caddyserver/caddy), meaning that authors must be able to certify that they created or have rights to the code they are contributing. In addition, we require that code is not simply copy-pasted from Q/A sites or AI language models without full comprehension and rigorous testing. In other words: contributors are allowed to refer to communities for assistance and use AI tools such as language models for inspiration, but code which originates from or is assisted by these resources MUST be:
+
+	- Licensed for you to freely share
+	- Fully comprehended by you (be able to explain every line of code)
+	- Verified by automated tests when feasible, or thorough manual tests otherwise
+
+	We have found that current language models (LLMs, like ChatGPT) may understand code syntax and even problem spaces to an extent, but often fail in subtle ways to convey true knowledge and produce correct algorithms. Integrated tools such as GitHub Copilot and Sourcegraph Cody may be used for inspiration, but code generated by these tools still needs to meet our criteria for licensing, human comprehension, and testing. These tools may be used to help write code comments and tests as long as you can certify they are accurate and correct. Note that it is often more trouble than it's worth to certify that Copilot (for example) is not giving you code that is possibly plagiarised, unlicensed, or licensed with incompatible terms -- as the Caddy project cannot accept such contributions. If that's too difficult for you (or impossible), then we recommend using these resources only for inspiration and write your own code. Ultimately, you (the contributor) are responsible for the code you're submitting.
+
+	As a courtesy to reviewers, we kindly ask that you disclose when contributing code that was generated by an AI tool or copied from another website so we can be aware of what to look for in code review.
+
+We often grant [collaborator status](#collaborator-instructions) to contributors who author one or more significant, high-quality PRs that are merged into the code base.
 
 
 #### HOW TO MAKE A PULL REQUEST TO CADDY

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest ]
-        go: [ '1.18', '1.19' ]
+        go: [ '1.19', '1.20' ]
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.18'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.18.4'
-
         - go: '1.19'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.0'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.6'
+
+        - go: '1.20'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.20.1'
 
         # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
         # CADDY_BIN_PATH: the path to the compiled Caddy binary, for artifact publishing
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
       with:
         go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
         check-latest: true
 
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
     # These tools would be useful if we later decide to reinvestigate
     # publishing test/coverage reports to some tool for easier consumption
     # - name: Install test and coverage analysis tools
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
     #     go get github.com/axw/gocov/gocov
     #     go get github.com/AlekSi/gocov-xml
     #     go get -u github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report
-    #     echo "::add-path::$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
+    #     echo "$(go env GOPATH)/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
 
     - name: Print Go version and environment
       id: vars
@@ -77,24 +77,7 @@ jobs:
         env
         printf "Git version: $(git version)\n\n"
         # Calculate the short SHA1 hash of the git commit
-        echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
-
-    - name: Cache the build cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        # In order:
-        # * Module download cache
-        # * Build cache (Linux)
-        # * Build cache (Mac)
-        # * Build cache (Windows)
-        path: |
-          ~/go/pkg/mod
-          ~/.cache/go-build
-          ~/Library/Caches/go-build
-          ~\AppData\Local\go-build
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go-ci-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go-ci
+        echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
     - name: Get dependencies
       run: |
@@ -109,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
         go build -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
 
     - name: Publish Build Artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       with:
         name: caddy_${{ runner.os }}_go${{ matrix.go }}_${{ steps.vars.outputs.short_sha }}
         path: ${{ matrix.CADDY_BIN_PATH }}
@@ -123,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         # (go test -v -coverprofile=cover-profile.out -race ./... 2>&1) > test-results/test-result.out
         go test -v -coverprofile="cover-profile.out" -short -race ./...
-        # echo "::set-output name=status::$?"
+        # echo "status=$?" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
     # Relevant step if we reinvestigate publishing test/coverage reports
     # - name: Prepare coverage reports
@@ -143,10 +126,10 @@ jobs:
   s390x-test:
     name: test (s390x on IBM Z)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
     continue-on-error: true  # August 2020: s390x VM is down due to weather and power issues
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout code into the Go module directory
+      - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Run Tests
         run: |
@@ -172,10 +155,10 @@ jobs:
   goreleaser-check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: checkout
+      - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       
-      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
         with:
           version: latest
           args: check

.github/workflows/cross-build.yml

@@ -16,19 +16,22 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         goos: ['android', 'linux', 'solaris', 'illumos', 'dragonfly', 'freebsd', 'openbsd', 'plan9', 'windows', 'darwin', 'netbsd']
-        go: [ '1.19' ]
+        go: [ '1.20' ]
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.19'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.0'
+        - go: '1.20'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.20.1'
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
           check-latest: true
@@ -43,22 +46,6 @@ jobs:
           printf "\n\nSystem environment:\n\n"
           env
 
-      - name: Cache the build cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          # In order:
-          # * Module download cache
-          # * Build cache (Linux)
-          path: |
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-            ~/.cache/go-build
-          key: cross-build-go${{ matrix.go }}-${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            cross-build-go${{ matrix.go }}-${{ matrix.goos }}
-
-      - name: Checkout code into the Go module directory
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
       - name: Run Build
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: 0

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -10,9 +10,15 @@ on:
       - master
       - 2.*
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   # From https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action
   golangci:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      pull-requests: read  # for golangci/golangci-lint-action to fetch pull requests
     name: lint
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -20,15 +26,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
-          go-version: '~1.18.4'
+          go-version: '~1.19.6'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3
         with:
-          version: v1.47
+          version: v1.50
           # Windows times out frequently after about 5m50s if we don't set a longer timeout.
           args: --timeout 10m
           # Optional: show only new issues if it's a pull request. The default value is `false`.

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
-        go: [ '1.19' ]
+        go: [ '1.20' ]
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.19'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.0'
+        - go: '1.20'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.20.1'
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     # https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/1258#issuecomment-1002251233
@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
 
     steps:
-    - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v3
-      with:
-        go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        check-latest: true
-
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
 
+    - name: Install Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      with:
+        go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
+        check-latest: true
+
     # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
     # tl;dr: actions/checkout@v3 runs this line:
     #   git -c protocol.version=2 fetch --no-tags --prune --progress --no-recurse-submodules --depth=1 origin +ebc278ec98bb24f2852b61fde2a9bf2e3d83818b:refs/tags/
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ jobs:
         go env
         printf "\n\nSystem environment:\n\n"
         env
-        echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}"
-        echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+        echo "version_tag=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
         # Add "pip install" CLI tools to PATH
         echo ~/.local/bin >> $GITHUB_PATH
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ jobs:
         TAG_MINOR=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\2#"`
         TAG_PATCH=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\3#"`
         TAG_SPECIAL=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\4#"`
-        echo "::set-output name=tag_major::${TAG_MAJOR}"
-        echo "::set-output name=tag_minor::${TAG_MINOR}"
-        echo "::set-output name=tag_patch::${TAG_PATCH}"
-        echo "::set-output name=tag_special::${TAG_SPECIAL}"
+        echo "tag_major=${TAG_MAJOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "tag_minor=${TAG_MINOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "tag_patch=${TAG_PATCH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "tag_special=${TAG_SPECIAL}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
     # Cloudsmith CLI tooling for pushing releases
     # See https://help.cloudsmith.io/docs/cli
@@ -94,18 +94,6 @@ jobs:
         # tags are only accepted if signed by Matt's key
         git verify-tag "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" || exit 1
 
-    - name: Cache the build cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        # In order:
-        # * Module download cache
-        # * Build cache (Linux)
-        path: |
-          ~/go/pkg/mod
-          ~/.cache/go-build
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-go${{ matrix.go }}-release-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-go${{ matrix.go }}-release
     - name: Install Cosign
       uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@main
     - name: Cosign version
@@ -116,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
       run: syft version
     # GoReleaser will take care of publishing those artifacts into the release
     - name: Run GoReleaser
-      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
+      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
       with:
         version: latest
         args: release --rm-dist --timeout 60m

.github/workflows/release_published.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # See https://github.com/peter-evans/repository-dispatch
     - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/dist
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v1
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v2
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
         repository: caddyserver/dist
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
         client-payload: '{"tag": "${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"}'
 
     - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/caddy-docker
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v1
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v2
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
         repository: caddyserver/caddy-docker

.golangci.yml

@@ -96,3 +96,7 @@ issues:
       text: "G404" # G404: Insecure random number source (rand)
       linters:
         - gosec
+    - path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/streaming.go
+      text: "G404" # G404: Insecure random number source (rand)
+      linters:
+        - gosec

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ before:
     # This is so we can run goreleaser on tag without Git complaining of being dirty. The main.go in cmd/caddy directory 
     # cannot be built within that directory due to changes necessary for the build causing Git to be dirty, which
     # subsequently causes gorleaser to refuse running.
-    - rm -rf caddy-build caddy-dist
+    - rm -rf caddy-build caddy-dist vendor
+    # vendor Caddy deps
+    - go mod vendor
     - mkdir -p caddy-build
     - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
     - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ before:
     # as of Go 1.16, `go` commands no longer automatically change go.{mod,sum}. We now have to explicitly
     # run `go mod tidy`. The `/bin/sh -c '...'` is because goreleaser can't find cd in PATH without shell invocation.
     - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod tidy'
+    # vendor the deps of the prepared to-build module
+    - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod vendor'
     - git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/caddyserver/dist caddy-dist
     - mkdir -p caddy-dist/man
     - go mod download
@@ -66,24 +70,78 @@ builds:
   - -mod=readonly
   ldflags:
   - -s -w
+
 signs:
   - cmd: cosign
     signature: "${artifact}.sig"
     certificate: '{{ trimsuffix (trimsuffix .Env.artifact ".zip") ".tar.gz" }}.pem'
-    args: ["sign-blob", "--output-signature=${signature}", "--output-certificate", "${certificate}", "${artifact}"]
+    args: ["sign-blob", "--yes", "--output-signature=${signature}", "--output-certificate", "${certificate}", "${artifact}"]
     artifacts: all
+
 sboms:
   - artifacts: binary
     documents:
-    - '{{ .Binary }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{if .Arm}}v{{ .Arm }}{{end}}.sbom'
+      - >-
+        {{ .ProjectName }}_
+        {{- .Version }}_
+        {{- if eq .Os "darwin" }}mac{{ else }}{{ .Os }}{{ end }}_
+        {{- .Arch }}
+        {{- with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}
+        {{- with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}
+        {{- if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}.sbom
     cmd: syft
     args: ["$artifact", "--file", "${document}", "--output", "cyclonedx-json"]
+
 archives:
-  - format_overrides:
+  - id: default
+    format_overrides:
       - goos: windows
         format: zip
-    replacements:
-      darwin: mac
+    name_template: >-
+      {{ .ProjectName }}_
+      {{- .Version }}_
+      {{- if eq .Os "darwin" }}mac{{ else }}{{ .Os }}{{ end }}_
+      {{- .Arch }}
+      {{- with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}
+      {{- with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}
+      {{- if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}
+  
+  # packge the 'caddy-build' directory into a tarball,
+  # allowing users to build the exact same set of files as ours.
+  - id: source
+    meta: true
+    rlcp: true
+    name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_buildable-artifact"
+    files:
+      - src: LICENSE
+        dst: ./LICENSE
+      - src: README.md
+        dst: ./README.md
+      - src: AUTHORS
+        dst: ./AUTHORS
+      - src: ./caddy-build
+        dst: ./
+
+source:
+  enabled: true
+  name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_src'
+  format: 'tar.gz'
+
+  # This will make the destination paths be relative to the longest common
+  # path prefix between all the files matched and the source glob.
+  # Enabling this essentially mimic the behavior of nfpm's contents section.
+  # It will be the default by June 2023.
+  #
+  # Default: false
+  rlcp: true
+
+  # Additional files/template/globs you want to add to the source archive.
+  #
+  # Default: empty.
+  files:
+    - vendor
+
+
 checksum:
   algorithm: sha512
 
@@ -128,7 +186,6 @@ nfpms:
       preremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/preremove.sh
       postremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/postremove.sh
 
-
 release:
   github:
     owner: caddyserver

README.md

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 <p align="center">
-	<a href="https://caddyserver.com"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/36338535-05fb646a-136f-11e8-987b-e6901e717d5a.png" alt="Caddy" width="450"></a>
+	<a href="https://caddyserver.com">
+		<picture>
+			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/210187358-e2c39003-9a5e-4dd5-a783-6deb6483ee72.svg">
+			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/210187356-dfb7f1c5-ac2e-43aa-bb23-fc014280ae1f.svg">
+			<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/210187356-dfb7f1c5-ac2e-43aa-bb23-fc014280ae1f.svg" alt="Caddy" width="550">
+		</picture>
+	</a>
 	<br>
-	<h3 align="center">a <a href="https://zerossl.com"><img src="https://caddyserver.com/resources/images/zerossl-logo.svg" height="28" valign="middle"></a> project</h3>
+	<h3 align="center">a <a href="https://zerossl.com"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55066419/208327323-2770dc16-ec09-43a0-9035-c5b872c2ad7f.svg" height="28" style="vertical-align: -7.7px" valign="middle"></a> project</h3>
 </p>
 <hr>
 <h3 align="center">Every site on HTTPS</h3>
 <p align="center">Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default.</p>
 <p align="center">
-	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions?query=workflow%3ACross-Platform"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/workflows/Cross-Platform/badge.svg"></a>
+	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg"></a>
 	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://twitter.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@caddyserver-55acee.svg" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
@@ -40,7 +46,13 @@
 <p align="center">
 	<b>Powered by</b>
 	<br>
-	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png" alt="CertMagic" width="250"></a>
+	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/certmagic">
+		<picture>
+			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55066419/206946718-740b6371-3df3-4d72-a822-47e4c48af999.png">
+			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png">
+			<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png" alt="CertMagic" width="250">
+		</picture>
+	</a>
 </p>
 
 
@@ -58,7 +70,7 @@
 - **Stays up when other servers go down** due to TLS/OCSP/certificate-related issues
 - **Production-ready** after serving trillions of requests and managing millions of TLS certificates
 - **Scales to hundreds of thousands of sites** as proven in production
-- **HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3** supported all by default
+- **HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3** all supported by default
 - **Highly extensible** [modular architecture](https://caddyserver.com/docs/architecture) lets Caddy do anything without bloat
 - **Runs anywhere** with **no external dependencies** (not even libc)
 - Written in Go, a language with higher **memory safety guarantees** than other servers
@@ -75,10 +87,10 @@ See [our online documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install) for other i
 
 Requirements:
 
-- [Go 1.18 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.19 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
 
 ### For development
- 
+
 _**Note:** These steps [will not embed proper version information](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/29228). For that, please follow the instructions in the next section._
 
 ```bash
@@ -185,4 +197,4 @@ Matthew Holt began developing Caddy in 2014 while studying computer science at B
 
 Caddy is a project of [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com), a Stack Holdings company.
 
-Debian package repository hosting is graciously provided by [Cloudsmith](https://cloudsmith.com). Cloudsmith is the only fully hosted, cloud-native, universal package management solution, that enables your organization to create, store and share packages in any format, to any place, with total confidence.
+Debian package repository hosting is graciously provided by [Cloudsmith](https://cloudsmith.com). Cloudsmith is the only fully hosted, cloud-native, universal package management solution, that enables your organization to create, store and share packages in any format, to any place, with total confidence.

admin.go

@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 
+func init() {
+	// The hard-coded default `DefaultAdminListen` can be overidden
+	// by setting the `CADDY_ADMIN` environment variable.
+	// The environment variable may be used by packagers to change
+	// the default admin address to something more appropriate for
+	// that platform. See #5317 for discussion.
+	if env, exists := os.LookupEnv("CADDY_ADMIN"); exists {
+		DefaultAdminListen = env
+	}
+}
+
 // AdminConfig configures Caddy's API endpoint, which is used
 // to manage Caddy while it is running.
 type AdminConfig struct {
@@ -57,7 +68,9 @@ type AdminConfig struct {
 
 	// The address to which the admin endpoint's listener should
 	// bind itself. Can be any single network address that can be
-	// parsed by Caddy. Accepts placeholders. Default: localhost:2019
+	// parsed by Caddy. Accepts placeholders.
+	// Default: the value of the `CADDY_ADMIN` environment variable,
+	// or `localhost:2019` otherwise.
 	Listen string `json:"listen,omitempty"`
 
 	// If true, CORS headers will be emitted, and requests to the
@@ -572,12 +585,13 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 }
 
 func (ident *IdentityConfig) certmagicConfig(logger *zap.Logger, makeCache bool) *certmagic.Config {
+	var cmCfg *certmagic.Config
 	if ident == nil {
 		// user might not have configured identity; that's OK, we can still make a
 		// certmagic config, although it'll be mostly useless for remote management
 		ident = new(IdentityConfig)
 	}
-	cmCfg := &certmagic.Config{
+	template := certmagic.Config{
 		Storage: DefaultStorage, // do not act as part of a cluster (this is for the server's local identity)
 		Logger:  logger,
 		Issuers: ident.issuers,
@@ -587,9 +601,11 @@ func (ident *IdentityConfig) certmagicConfig(logger *zap.Logger, makeCache bool)
 			GetConfigForCert: func(certmagic.Certificate) (*certmagic.Config, error) {
 				return cmCfg, nil
 			},
+			Logger: logger.Named("cache"),
 		})
 	}
-	return certmagic.New(identityCertCache, *cmCfg)
+	cmCfg = certmagic.New(identityCertCache, template)
+	return cmCfg
 }
 
 // IdentityCredentials returns this instance's configured, managed identity credentials

caddy.go

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ func unsyncedDecodeAndRun(cfgJSON []byte, allowPersist bool) error {
 	strippedCfgJSON := RemoveMetaFields(cfgJSON)
 
 	var newCfg *Config
-	err := strictUnmarshalJSON(strippedCfgJSON, &newCfg)
+	err := StrictUnmarshalJSON(strippedCfgJSON, &newCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -864,13 +864,21 @@ func Version() (simple, full string) {
 	// bi.Main... hopefully.
 	var module *debug.Module
 	bi, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
-	if ok {
-		// find the Caddy module in the dependency list
-		for _, dep := range bi.Deps {
-			if dep.Path == ImportPath {
-				module = dep
-				break
-			}
+	if !ok {
+		if CustomVersion != "" {
+			full = CustomVersion
+			simple = CustomVersion
+			return
+		}
+		full = "unknown"
+		simple = "unknown"
+		return
+	}
+	// find the Caddy module in the dependency list
+	for _, dep := range bi.Deps {
+		if dep.Path == ImportPath {
+			module = dep
+			break
 		}
 	}
 	if module != nil {

caddyconfig/caddyfile/adapter.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconf
 
 	// lint check: see if input was properly formatted; sometimes messy files files parse
 	// successfully but result in logical errors (the Caddyfile is a bad format, I'm sorry)
-	if warning, different := formattingDifference(filename, body); different {
+	if warning, different := FormattingDifference(filename, body); different {
 		warnings = append(warnings, warning)
 	}
 
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconf
 	return result, warnings, err
 }
 
-// formattingDifference returns a warning and true if the formatted version
+// FormattingDifference returns a warning and true if the formatted version
 // is any different from the input; empty warning and false otherwise.
 // TODO: also perform this check on imported files
-func formattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bool) {
+func FormattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bool) {
 	// replace windows-style newlines to normalize comparison
 	normalizedBody := bytes.Replace(body, []byte("\r\n"), []byte("\n"), -1)
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func formattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bo
 	return caddyconfig.Warning{
 		File:    filename,
 		Line:    line,
-		Message: "Caddyfile input is not formatted; run the 'caddy fmt' command to fix inconsistencies",
+		Message: "Caddyfile input is not formatted; run 'caddy fmt --overwrite' to fix inconsistencies",
 	}, true
 }
 

caddyconfig/caddyfile/dispenser.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 )
 
 // Dispenser is a type that dispenses tokens, similarly to a lexer,
@@ -101,12 +100,12 @@ func (d *Dispenser) nextOnSameLine() bool {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
-	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
+	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens)-1 {
 		return false
 	}
-	if d.cursor < len(d.tokens)-1 &&
-		d.tokens[d.cursor].File == d.tokens[d.cursor+1].File &&
-		d.tokens[d.cursor].Line+d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor) == d.tokens[d.cursor+1].Line {
+	curr := d.tokens[d.cursor]
+	next := d.tokens[d.cursor+1]
+	if curr.File == next.File && curr.Line+curr.NumLineBreaks() == next.Line {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
@@ -122,12 +121,12 @@ func (d *Dispenser) NextLine() bool {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
-	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
+	if d.cursor >= len(d.tokens)-1 {
 		return false
 	}
-	if d.cursor < len(d.tokens)-1 &&
-		(d.tokens[d.cursor].File != d.tokens[d.cursor+1].File ||
-			d.tokens[d.cursor].Line+d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor) < d.tokens[d.cursor+1].Line) {
+	curr := d.tokens[d.cursor]
+	next := d.tokens[d.cursor+1]
+	if curr.File != next.File || curr.Line+curr.NumLineBreaks() < next.Line {
 		d.cursor++
 		return true
 	}
@@ -203,14 +202,17 @@ func (d *Dispenser) Val() string {
 }
 
 // ValRaw gets the raw text of the current token (including quotes).
+// If the token was a heredoc, then the delimiter is not included,
+// because that is not relevant to any unmarshaling logic at this time.
 // If there is no token loaded, it returns empty string.
 func (d *Dispenser) ValRaw() string {
 	if d.cursor < 0 || d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
 		return ""
 	}
 	quote := d.tokens[d.cursor].wasQuoted
-	if quote > 0 {
-		return string(quote) + d.tokens[d.cursor].Text + string(quote) // string literal
+	if quote > 0 && quote != '<' {
+		// string literal
+		return string(quote) + d.tokens[d.cursor].Text + string(quote)
 	}
 	return d.tokens[d.cursor].Text
 }
@@ -438,14 +440,14 @@ func (d *Dispenser) Delete() []Token {
 	return d.tokens
 }
 
-// numLineBreaks counts how many line breaks are in the token
-// value given by the token index tknIdx. It returns 0 if the
-// token does not exist or there are no line breaks.
-func (d *Dispenser) numLineBreaks(tknIdx int) int {
-	if tknIdx < 0 || tknIdx >= len(d.tokens) {
-		return 0
+// DeleteN is the same as Delete, but can delete many tokens at once.
+// If there aren't N tokens available to delete, none are deleted.
+func (d *Dispenser) DeleteN(amount int) []Token {
+	if amount > 0 && d.cursor >= (amount-1) && d.cursor <= len(d.tokens)-1 {
+		d.tokens = append(d.tokens[:d.cursor-(amount-1)], d.tokens[d.cursor+1:]...)
+		d.cursor -= amount
 	}
-	return strings.Count(d.tokens[tknIdx].Text, "\n")
+	return d.tokens
 }
 
 // isNewLine determines whether the current token is on a different
@@ -468,18 +470,10 @@ func (d *Dispenser) isNewLine() bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// The previous token may contain line breaks if
-	// it was quoted and spanned multiple lines. e.g:
-	//
-	// dir "foo
-	//   bar
-	//   baz"
-	prevLineBreaks := d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor - 1)
-
 	// If the previous token (incl line breaks) ends
 	// on a line earlier than the current token,
 	// then the current token is on a new line
-	return prev.Line+prevLineBreaks < curr.Line
+	return prev.Line+prev.NumLineBreaks() < curr.Line
 }
 
 // isNextOnNewLine determines whether the current token is on a different
@@ -502,16 +496,8 @@ func (d *Dispenser) isNextOnNewLine() bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// The current token may contain line breaks if
-	// it was quoted and spanned multiple lines. e.g:
-	//
-	// dir "foo
-	//   bar
-	//   baz"
-	currLineBreaks := d.numLineBreaks(d.cursor)
-
 	// If the current token (incl line breaks) ends
 	// on a line earlier than the next token,
 	// then the next token is on a new line
-	return curr.Line+currLineBreaks < next.Line
+	return curr.Line+curr.NumLineBreaks() < next.Line
 }

caddyconfig/caddyfile/importargs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package caddyfile
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// parseVariadic determines if the token is a variadic placeholder,
+// and if so, determines the index range (start/end) of args to use.
+// Returns a boolean signaling whether a variadic placeholder was found,
+// and the start and end indices.
+func parseVariadic(token Token, argCount int) (bool, int, int) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(token.Text, "{args[") {
+		return false, 0, 0
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(token.Text, "]}") {
+		return false, 0, 0
+	}
+
+	argRange := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(token.Text, "{args["), "]}")
+	if argRange == "" {
+		caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+			"Placeholder "+token.Text+" cannot have an empty index",
+			zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)))
+		return false, 0, 0
+	}
+
+	start, end, found := strings.Cut(argRange, ":")
+
+	// If no ":" delimiter is found, this is not a variadic.
+	// The replacer will pick this up.
+	if !found {
+		return false, 0, 0
+	}
+
+	var (
+		startIndex = 0
+		endIndex   = argCount
+		err        error
+	)
+	if start != "" {
+		startIndex, err = strconv.Atoi(start)
+		if err != nil {
+			caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+				"Variadic placeholder "+token.Text+" has an invalid start index",
+				zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)))
+			return false, 0, 0
+		}
+	}
+	if end != "" {
+		endIndex, err = strconv.Atoi(end)
+		if err != nil {
+			caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+				"Variadic placeholder "+token.Text+" has an invalid end index",
+				zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)))
+			return false, 0, 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	// bound check
+	if startIndex < 0 || startIndex > endIndex || endIndex > argCount {
+		caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+			"Variadic placeholder "+token.Text+" indices are out of bounds, only "+strconv.Itoa(argCount)+" argument(s) exist",
+			zap.String("file", token.File+":"+strconv.Itoa(token.Line)))
+		return false, 0, 0
+	}
+	return true, startIndex, endIndex
+}
+
+// makeArgsReplacer prepares a Replacer which can replace
+// non-variadic args placeholders in imported tokens.
+func makeArgsReplacer(args []string) *caddy.Replacer {
+	repl := caddy.NewEmptyReplacer()
+	repl.Map(func(key string) (any, bool) {
+		// TODO: Remove the deprecated {args.*} placeholder
+		// support at some point in the future
+		if matches := argsRegexpIndexDeprecated.FindStringSubmatch(key); len(matches) > 0 {
+			value, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+					"Placeholder {args." + matches[1] + "} has an invalid index")
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			if value >= len(args) {
+				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+					"Placeholder {args." + matches[1] + "} index is out of bounds, only " + strconv.Itoa(len(args)) + " argument(s) exist")
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+				"Placeholder {args." + matches[1] + "} deprecated, use {args[" + matches[1] + "]} instead")
+			return args[value], true
+		}
+
+		// Handle args[*] form
+		if matches := argsRegexpIndex.FindStringSubmatch(key); len(matches) > 0 {
+			if strings.Contains(matches[1], ":") {
+				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+					"Variadic placeholder {args[" + matches[1] + "]} must be a token on its own")
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			value, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+					"Placeholder {args[" + matches[1] + "]} has an invalid index")
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			if value >= len(args) {
+				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn(
+					"Placeholder {args[" + matches[1] + "]} index is out of bounds, only " + strconv.Itoa(len(args)) + " argument(s) exist")
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			return args[value], true
+		}
+
+		// Not an args placeholder, ignore
+		return nil, false
+	})
+	return repl
+}
+
+var (
+	argsRegexpIndexDeprecated = regexp.MustCompile(`args\.(.+)`)
+	argsRegexpIndex           = regexp.MustCompile(`args\[(.+)]`)
+)

caddyconfig/caddyfile/lexer.go

@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 )
 
@@ -35,15 +38,41 @@ type (
 
 	// Token represents a single parsable unit.
 	Token struct {
-		File        string
-		Line        int
-		Text        string
-		wasQuoted   rune // enclosing quote character, if any
-		inSnippet   bool
-		snippetName string
+		File          string
+		origFile      string
+		Line          int
+		Text          string
+		wasQuoted     rune // enclosing quote character, if any
+		heredocMarker string
+		snippetName   string
 	}
 )
 
+// Tokenize takes bytes as input and lexes it into
+// a list of tokens that can be parsed as a Caddyfile.
+// Also takes a filename to fill the token's File as
+// the source of the tokens, which is important to
+// determine relative paths for `import` directives.
+func Tokenize(input []byte, filename string) ([]Token, error) {
+	l := lexer{}
+	if err := l.load(bytes.NewReader(input)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var tokens []Token
+	for {
+		found, err := l.next()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if !found {
+			break
+		}
+		l.token.File = filename
+		tokens = append(tokens, l.token)
+	}
+	return tokens, nil
+}
+
 // load prepares the lexer to scan an input for tokens.
 // It discards any leading byte order mark.
 func (l *lexer) load(input io.Reader) error {
@@ -75,28 +104,93 @@ func (l *lexer) load(input io.Reader) error {
 // may be escaped. The rest of the line is skipped
 // if a "#" character is read in. Returns true if
 // a token was loaded; false otherwise.
-func (l *lexer) next() bool {
+func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 	var val []rune
-	var comment, quoted, btQuoted, escaped bool
+	var comment, quoted, btQuoted, inHeredoc, heredocEscaped, escaped bool
+	var heredocMarker string
 
 	makeToken := func(quoted rune) bool {
 		l.token.Text = string(val)
 		l.token.wasQuoted = quoted
+		l.token.heredocMarker = heredocMarker
 		return true
 	}
 
 	for {
+		// Read a character in; if err then if we had
+		// read some characters, make a token. If we
+		// reached EOF, then no more tokens to read.
+		// If no EOF, then we had a problem.
 		ch, _, err := l.reader.ReadRune()
 		if err != nil {
 			if len(val) > 0 {
-				return makeToken(0)
+				if inHeredoc {
+					return false, fmt.Errorf("incomplete heredoc <<%s on line #%d, expected ending marker %s", heredocMarker, l.line+l.skippedLines, heredocMarker)
+				}
+
+				return makeToken(0), nil
 			}
 			if err == io.EOF {
-				return false
+				return false, nil
 			}
-			panic(err)
+			return false, err
 		}
 
+		// detect whether we have the start of a heredoc
+		if !inHeredoc && !heredocEscaped && len(val) > 1 && string(val[:2]) == "<<" {
+			if ch == '<' {
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("too many '<' for heredoc on line #%d; only use two, for example <<END", l.line)
+			}
+			if ch == '\r' {
+				continue
+			}
+			// after hitting a newline, we know that the heredoc marker
+			// is the characters after the two << and the newline.
+			// we reset the val because the heredoc is syntax we don't
+			// want to keep.
+			if ch == '\n' {
+				heredocMarker = string(val[2:])
+				if !heredocMarkerRegexp.Match([]byte(heredocMarker)) {
+					return false, fmt.Errorf("heredoc marker on line #%d must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got '%s'", l.line, heredocMarker)
+				}
+
+				inHeredoc = true
+				l.skippedLines++
+				val = nil
+				continue
+			}
+			val = append(val, ch)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// if we're in a heredoc, all characters are read as-is
+		if inHeredoc {
+			val = append(val, ch)
+
+			if ch == '\n' {
+				l.skippedLines++
+			}
+
+			// check if we're done, i.e. that the last few characters are the marker
+			if len(val) > len(heredocMarker) && heredocMarker == string(val[len(val)-len(heredocMarker):]) {
+				// set the final value
+				val, err = l.finalizeHeredoc(val, heredocMarker)
+				if err != nil {
+					return false, err
+				}
+
+				// set the line counter, and make the token
+				l.line += l.skippedLines
+				l.skippedLines = 0
+				return makeToken('<'), nil
+			}
+
+			// stay in the heredoc until we find the ending marker
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// track whether we found an escape '\' for the next
+		// iteration to be contextually aware
 		if !escaped && !btQuoted && ch == '\\' {
 			escaped = true
 			continue
@@ -111,26 +205,29 @@ func (l *lexer) next() bool {
 				}
 				escaped = false
 			} else {
-				if quoted && ch == '"' {
-					return makeToken('"')
-				}
-				if btQuoted && ch == '`' {
-					return makeToken('`')
+				if (quoted && ch == '"') || (btQuoted && ch == '`') {
+					return makeToken(ch), nil
 				}
 			}
+			// allow quoted text to wrap continue on multiple lines
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				l.line += 1 + l.skippedLines
 				l.skippedLines = 0
 			}
+			// collect this character as part of the quoted token
 			val = append(val, ch)
 			continue
 		}
 
 		if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
+			// ignore CR altogether, we only actually care about LF (\n)
 			if ch == '\r' {
 				continue
 			}
+			// end of the line
 			if ch == '\n' {
+				// newlines can be escaped to chain arguments
+				// onto multiple lines; else, increment the line count
 				if escaped {
 					l.skippedLines++
 					escaped = false
@@ -138,14 +235,18 @@ func (l *lexer) next() bool {
 					l.line += 1 + l.skippedLines
 					l.skippedLines = 0
 				}
+				// comments (#) are single-line only
 				comment = false
 			}
+			// any kind of space means we're at the end of this token
 			if len(val) > 0 {
-				return makeToken(0)
+				return makeToken(0), nil
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// comments must be at the start of a token,
+		// in other words, preceded by space or newline
 		if ch == '#' && len(val) == 0 {
 			comment = true
 		}
@@ -166,7 +267,12 @@ func (l *lexer) next() bool {
 		}
 
 		if escaped {
-			val = append(val, '\\')
+			// allow escaping the first < to skip the heredoc syntax
+			if ch == '<' {
+				heredocEscaped = true
+			} else {
+				val = append(val, '\\')
+			}
 			escaped = false
 		}
 
@@ -174,24 +280,78 @@ func (l *lexer) next() bool {
 	}
 }
 
-// Tokenize takes bytes as input and lexes it into
-// a list of tokens that can be parsed as a Caddyfile.
-// Also takes a filename to fill the token's File as
-// the source of the tokens, which is important to
-// determine relative paths for `import` directives.
-func Tokenize(input []byte, filename string) ([]Token, error) {
-	l := lexer{}
-	if err := l.load(bytes.NewReader(input)); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// finalizeHeredoc takes the runes read as the heredoc text and the marker,
+// and processes the text to strip leading whitespace, returning the final
+// value without the leading whitespace.
+func (l *lexer) finalizeHeredoc(val []rune, marker string) ([]rune, error) {
+	stringVal := string(val)
+
+	// find the last newline of the heredoc, which is where the contents end
+	lastNewline := strings.LastIndex(stringVal, "\n")
+
+	// collapse the content, then split into separate lines
+	lines := strings.Split(stringVal[:lastNewline+1], "\n")
+
+	// figure out how much whitespace we need to strip from the front of every line
+	// by getting the string that precedes the marker, on the last line
+	paddingToStrip := stringVal[lastNewline+1 : len(stringVal)-len(marker)]
+
+	// iterate over each line and strip the whitespace from the front
+	var out string
+	for lineNum, lineText := range lines[:len(lines)-1] {
+		// find an exact match for the padding
+		index := strings.Index(lineText, paddingToStrip)
+
+		// if the padding doesn't match exactly at the start then we can't safely strip
+		if index != 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<%s on line #%d [%s], expected whitespace [%s] to match the closing marker", marker, l.line+lineNum+1, lineText, paddingToStrip)
+		}
+
+		// strip, then append the line, with the newline, to the output.
+		// also removes all "\r" because Windows.
+		out += strings.ReplaceAll(lineText[len(paddingToStrip):]+"\n", "\r", "")
 	}
-	var tokens []Token
-	for l.next() {
-		l.token.File = filename
-		tokens = append(tokens, l.token)
+
+	// Remove the trailing newline from the loop
+	if len(out) > 0 && out[len(out)-1] == '\n' {
+		out = out[:len(out)-1]
 	}
-	return tokens, nil
+
+	// return the final value
+	return []rune(out), nil
+}
+
+// originalFile gets original filename before import modification.
+func (t Token) originalFile() string {
+	if t.origFile != "" {
+		return t.origFile
+	}
+	return t.File
+}
+
+// updateFile updates the token's source filename for error display
+// and remembers the original filename. Used during "import" processing.
+func (t *Token) updateFile(file string) {
+	if t.origFile == "" {
+		t.origFile = t.File
+	}
+	t.File = file
 }
 
 func (t Token) Quoted() bool {
 	return t.wasQuoted > 0
 }
+
+// NumLineBreaks counts how many line breaks are in the token text.
+func (t Token) NumLineBreaks() int {
+	lineBreaks := strings.Count(t.Text, "\n")
+	if t.wasQuoted == '<' {
+		// heredocs have an extra linebreak because the opening
+		// delimiter is on its own line and is not included in the
+		// token Text itself, and the trailing newline is removed.
+		lineBreaks += 2
+	}
+	return lineBreaks
+}
+
+var heredocMarkerRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$")

caddyconfig/caddyfile/lexer_test.go

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-type lexerTestCase struct {
-	input    []byte
-	expected []Token
-}
-
 func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
-	testCases := []lexerTestCase{
+	testCases := []struct {
+		input        []byte
+		expected     []Token
+		expectErr    bool
+		errorMessage string
+	}{
 		{
 			input: []byte(`host:123`),
 			expected: []Token{
@@ -249,12 +249,178 @@ func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
 				{Line: 1, Text: `quotes`},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+content
+EOF same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "content"},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<VERY-LONG-MARKER
+content
+VERY-LONG-MARKER same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "content"},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+extra-newline
+
+EOF same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "extra-newline\n"},
+				{Line: 4, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+		EOF same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: ""},
+				{Line: 2, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+	content
+	EOF same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "content"},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`prev-line
+	heredoc <<EOF
+		multi
+		line
+		content
+	EOF same-line-arg
+	next-line
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `prev-line`},
+				{Line: 2, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 2, Text: "\tmulti\n\tline\n\tcontent"},
+				{Line: 6, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+				{Line: 7, Text: `next-line`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <EOF
+	content
+	EOF same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: `<EOF`},
+				{Line: 2, Text: `content`},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `EOF`},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<s
+			�
+			s
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "�"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte("\u000Aheredoc \u003C\u003C\u0073\u0073\u000A\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F\u000A\u0073\u0073\u000A\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F\u000A\u00BF\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F"),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{
+					Line: 2,
+					Text: "heredoc",
+				},
+				{
+					Line: 2,
+					Text: "\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F",
+				},
+				{
+					Line: 5,
+					Text: "\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F",
+				},
+				{
+					Line: 6,
+					Text: "\u00BF\u00BF\u0057\u0001\u0000\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u00FF\u003D\u001F",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<HERE SAME LINE
+	content
+	HERE same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expectErr:    true,
+			errorMessage: "heredoc marker on line #1 must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got 'HERE SAME LINE'",
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<<EOF
+	content
+	EOF same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expectErr:    true,
+			errorMessage: "too many '<' for heredoc on line #1; only use two, for example <<END",
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+	content
+	`),
+			expectErr:    true,
+			errorMessage: "incomplete heredoc <<EOF on line #3, expected ending marker EOF",
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+	content
+		EOF
+	`),
+			expectErr:    true,
+			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #2 [\tcontent], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+        content
+		EOF
+	`),
+			expectErr:    true,
+			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #2 [        content], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for i, testCase := range testCases {
 		actual, err := Tokenize(testCase.input, "")
+		if testCase.expectErr {
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error, got actual: %v", actual)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err.Error() != testCase.errorMessage {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error '%v', got: %v", testCase.errorMessage, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("%v", err)
+			t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 		}
 		lexerCompare(t, i, testCase.expected, actual)
 	}
@@ -262,17 +428,17 @@ func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
 
 func lexerCompare(t *testing.T, n int, expected, actual []Token) {
 	if len(expected) != len(actual) {
-		t.Errorf("Test case %d: expected %d token(s) but got %d", n, len(expected), len(actual))
+		t.Fatalf("Test case %d: expected %d token(s) but got %d", n, len(expected), len(actual))
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(actual) && i < len(expected); i++ {
 		if actual[i].Line != expected[i].Line {
-			t.Errorf("Test case %d token %d ('%s'): expected line %d but was line %d",
+			t.Fatalf("Test case %d token %d ('%s'): expected line %d but was line %d",
 				n, i, expected[i].Text, expected[i].Line, actual[i].Line)
 			break
 		}
 		if actual[i].Text != expected[i].Text {
-			t.Errorf("Test case %d token %d: expected text '%s' but was '%s'",
+			t.Fatalf("Test case %d token %d: expected text '%s' but was '%s'",
 				n, i, expected[i].Text, actual[i].Text)
 			break
 		}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/parse.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -61,20 +60,12 @@ func Parse(filename string, input []byte) ([]ServerBlock, error) {
 // It returns all the tokens from the input, unstructured
 // and in order. It may mutate input as it expands env vars.
 func allTokens(filename string, input []byte) ([]Token, error) {
-	inputCopy, err := replaceEnvVars(input)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	tokens, err := Tokenize(inputCopy, filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return tokens, nil
+	return Tokenize(replaceEnvVars(input), filename)
 }
 
 // replaceEnvVars replaces all occurrences of environment variables.
 // It mutates the underlying array and returns the updated slice.
-func replaceEnvVars(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func replaceEnvVars(input []byte) []byte {
 	var offset int
 	for {
 		begin := bytes.Index(input[offset:], spanOpen)
@@ -115,7 +106,7 @@ func replaceEnvVars(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		// continue at the end of the replacement
 		offset = begin + len(envVarBytes)
 	}
-	return input, nil
+	return input
 }
 
 type parser struct {
@@ -181,11 +172,10 @@ func (p *parser) begin() error {
 			return err
 		}
 		// Just as we need to track which file the token comes from, we need to
-		// keep track of which snippets do the tokens come from. This is helpful
-		// in tracking import cycles across files/snippets by namespacing them. Without
-		// this we end up with false-positives in cycle-detection.
+		// keep track of which snippet the token comes from. This is helpful
+		// in tracking import cycles across files/snippets by namespacing them.
+		// Without this, we end up with false-positives in cycle-detection.
 		for k, v := range tokens {
-			v.inSnippet = true
 			v.snippetName = name
 			tokens[k] = v
 		}
@@ -345,11 +335,8 @@ func (p *parser) doImport() error {
 	// grab remaining args as placeholder replacements
 	args := p.RemainingArgs()
 
-	// add args to the replacer
-	repl := caddy.NewEmptyReplacer()
-	for index, arg := range args {
-		repl.Set("args."+strconv.Itoa(index), arg)
-	}
+	// set up a replacer for non-variadic args replacement
+	repl := makeArgsReplacer(args)
 
 	// splice out the import directive and its arguments
 	// (2 tokens, plus the length of args)
@@ -397,6 +384,20 @@ func (p *parser) doImport() error {
 			} else {
 				return p.Errf("File to import not found: %s", importPattern)
 			}
+		} else {
+			// See issue #5295 - should skip any files that start with a . when iterating over them.
+			sep := string(filepath.Separator)
+			segGlobPattern := strings.Split(globPattern, sep)
+			if strings.HasPrefix(segGlobPattern[len(segGlobPattern)-1], "*") {
+				var tmpMatches []string
+				for _, m := range matches {
+					seg := strings.Split(m, sep)
+					if !strings.HasPrefix(seg[len(seg)-1], ".") {
+						tmpMatches = append(tmpMatches, m)
+					}
+				}
+				matches = tmpMatches
+			}
 		}
 
 		// collect all the imported tokens
@@ -410,8 +411,8 @@ func (p *parser) doImport() error {
 		nodes = matches
 	}
 
-	nodeName := p.File()
-	if p.Token().inSnippet {
+	nodeName := p.Token().originalFile()
+	if p.Token().snippetName != "" {
 		nodeName += fmt.Sprintf(":%s", p.Token().snippetName)
 	}
 	p.importGraph.addNode(nodeName)
@@ -422,13 +423,29 @@ func (p *parser) doImport() error {
 	}
 
 	// copy the tokens so we don't overwrite p.definedSnippets
-	tokensCopy := make([]Token, len(importedTokens))
-	copy(tokensCopy, importedTokens)
+	tokensCopy := make([]Token, 0, len(importedTokens))
 
 	// run the argument replacer on the tokens
-	for index, token := range tokensCopy {
-		token.Text = repl.ReplaceKnown(token.Text, "")
-		tokensCopy[index] = token
+	// golang for range slice return a copy of value
+	// similarly, append also copy value
+	for _, token := range importedTokens {
+		// set the token's file to refer to import directive line number and snippet name
+		if token.snippetName != "" {
+			token.updateFile(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d (import %s)", token.File, p.Line(), token.snippetName))
+		} else {
+			token.updateFile(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d (import)", token.File, p.Line()))
+		}
+
+		foundVariadic, startIndex, endIndex := parseVariadic(token, len(args))
+		if foundVariadic {
+			for _, arg := range args[startIndex:endIndex] {
+				token.Text = arg
+				tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
+			}
+		} else {
+			token.Text = repl.ReplaceKnown(token.Text, "")
+			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// splice the imported tokens in the place of the import statement
@@ -459,6 +476,12 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Could not read imported file %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}
 
+	// only warning in case of empty files
+	if len(input) == 0 || len(strings.TrimSpace(string(input))) == 0 {
+		caddy.Log().Warn("Import file is empty", zap.String("file", importFile))
+		return []Token{}, nil
+	}
+
 	importedTokens, err := allTokens(importFile, input)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Could not read tokens while importing %s: %v", importFile, err)

caddyconfig/caddyfile/parse_test.go

@@ -21,6 +21,88 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+func TestParseVariadic(t *testing.T) {
+	var args = make([]string, 10)
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		input  string
+		result bool
+	}{
+		{
+			input:  "",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[1",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "1]}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[:]}aaaaa",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "aaaaa{args[:]}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args.}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args.1}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[]}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[:]}",
+			result: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[:]}",
+			result: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[0:]}",
+			result: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[:0]}",
+			result: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[-1:]}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[:11]}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[10:0]}",
+			result: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  "{args[0:10]}",
+			result: true,
+		},
+	} {
+		token := Token{
+			File: "test",
+			Line: 1,
+			Text: tc.input,
+		}
+		if v, _, _ := parseVariadic(token, len(args)); v != tc.result {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d error expectation failed Expected: %t, got %t", i, tc.result, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAllTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	input := []byte("a b c\nd e")
 	expected := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}
@@ -187,6 +269,23 @@ func TestParseOneAndImport(t *testing.T) {
 
 		{`import testdata/not_found.txt`, true, []string{}, []int{}},
 
+		// empty file should just log a warning, and result in no tokens
+		{`import testdata/empty.txt`, false, []string{}, []int{}},
+
+		{`import testdata/only_white_space.txt`, false, []string{}, []int{}},
+
+		// import path/to/dir/* should skip any files that start with a . when iterating over them.
+		{`localhost
+		  dir1 arg1
+		  import testdata/glob/*`, false, []string{
+			"localhost",
+		}, []int{2, 3, 1}},
+
+		// import path/to/dir/.* should continue to read all dotfiles in a dir.
+		{`import testdata/glob/.*`, false, []string{
+			"host1",
+		}, []int{1, 2}},
+
 		{`""`, false, []string{}, []int{}},
 
 		{``, false, []string{}, []int{}},
@@ -604,10 +703,7 @@ func TestEnvironmentReplacement(t *testing.T) {
 			expect: "}{$",
 		},
 	} {
-		actual, err := replaceEnvVars([]byte(test.input))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
+		actual := replaceEnvVars([]byte(test.input))
 		if !bytes.Equal(actual, []byte(test.expect)) {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected: '%s' but got '%s'", i, test.expect, actual)
 		}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/testdata/glob/.dotfile.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+host1 {
+	dir1
+	dir2 arg1
+}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/testdata/glob/import_test1.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+dir2 arg1 arg2
+dir3

caddyconfig/caddyfile/testdata/import_args0.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{args.0}
+{args[0]}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/testdata/import_args1.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{args.0} {args.1}
+{args[0]} {args[1]}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/testdata/only_white_space.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+
+ 
+  
+　
+
+

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/builtins.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -75,16 +76,22 @@ func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 //	        trusted_leaf_cert      <base64_der>
 //	        trusted_leaf_cert_file <filename>
 //	    }
-//	    alpn      <values...>
-//	    load      <paths...>
-//	    ca        <acme_ca_endpoint>
-//	    ca_root   <pem_file>
-//	    dns       <provider_name> [...]
+//	    alpn                          <values...>
+//	    load                          <paths...>
+//	    ca                            <acme_ca_endpoint>
+//	    ca_root                       <pem_file>
+//	    key_type                      [ed25519|p256|p384|rsa2048|rsa4096]
+//	    dns                           <provider_name> [...]
+//	    propagation_delay             <duration>
+//	    propagation_timeout           <duration>
+//	    resolvers                     <dns_servers...>
+//	    dns_ttl                       <duration>
+//	    dns_challenge_override_domain <domain>
 //	    on_demand
-//	    eab    <key_id> <mac_key>
-//	    issuer <module_name> [...]
-//	    get_certificate <module_name> [...]
-//	    insecure_secrets_log <log_file>
+//	    eab                           <key_id> <mac_key>
+//	    issuer                        <module_name> [...]
+//	    get_certificate               <module_name> [...]
+//	    insecure_secrets_log          <log_file>
 //	}
 func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	cp := new(caddytls.ConnectionPolicy)
@@ -363,6 +370,75 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 				}
 				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers = args
 
+			case "propagation_delay":
+				arg := h.RemainingArgs()
+				if len(arg) != 1 {
+					return nil, h.ArgErr()
+				}
+				delayStr := arg[0]
+				delay, err := caddy.ParseDuration(delayStr)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, h.Errf("invalid propagation_delay duration %s: %v", delayStr, err)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer == nil {
+					acmeIssuer = new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
+				}
+				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.PropagationDelay = caddy.Duration(delay)
+
+			case "propagation_timeout":
+				arg := h.RemainingArgs()
+				if len(arg) != 1 {
+					return nil, h.ArgErr()
+				}
+				timeoutStr := arg[0]
+				var timeout time.Duration
+				if timeoutStr == "-1" {
+					timeout = time.Duration(-1)
+				} else {
+					var err error
+					timeout, err = caddy.ParseDuration(timeoutStr)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, h.Errf("invalid propagation_timeout duration %s: %v", timeoutStr, err)
+					}
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer == nil {
+					acmeIssuer = new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
+				}
+				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.PropagationTimeout = caddy.Duration(timeout)
+
+			case "dns_ttl":
+				arg := h.RemainingArgs()
+				if len(arg) != 1 {
+					return nil, h.ArgErr()
+				}
+				ttlStr := arg[0]
+				ttl, err := caddy.ParseDuration(ttlStr)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, h.Errf("invalid dns_ttl duration %s: %v", ttlStr, err)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer == nil {
+					acmeIssuer = new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+				}
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
+				}
+				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.TTL = caddy.Duration(ttl)
+
 			case "dns_challenge_override_domain":
 				arg := h.RemainingArgs()
 				if len(arg) != 1 {
@@ -655,29 +731,20 @@ func parseError(h Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error) {
 
 // parseRoute parses the route directive.
 func parseRoute(h Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error) {
-	sr := new(caddyhttp.Subroute)
-
 	allResults, err := parseSegmentAsConfig(h)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	for _, result := range allResults {
-		switch handler := result.Value.(type) {
-		case caddyhttp.Route:
-			sr.Routes = append(sr.Routes, handler)
-		case caddyhttp.Subroute:
-			// directives which return a literal subroute instead of a route
-			// means they intend to keep those handlers together without
-			// them being reordered; we're doing that anyway since we're in
-			// the route directive, so just append its handlers
-			sr.Routes = append(sr.Routes, handler.Routes...)
+		switch result.Value.(type) {
+		case caddyhttp.Route, caddyhttp.Subroute:
 		default:
 			return nil, h.Errf("%s directive returned something other than an HTTP route or subroute: %#v (only handler directives can be used in routes)", result.directive, result.Value)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return sr, nil
+	return buildSubroute(allResults, h.groupCounter, false)
 }
 
 func parseHandle(h Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error) {

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/builtins_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
@@ -213,3 +214,45 @@ func TestRedirDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestImportErrorLine(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		input     string
+		errorFunc func(err error) bool
+	}{
+		{
+			input: `(t1) {
+					abort {args[:]}
+				}
+				:8080 {
+					import t1
+					import t1 true
+				}`,
+			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
+				return err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Caddyfile:6 (import t1):2")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: `(t1) {
+					abort {args[:]}
+				}
+				:8080 {
+					import t1 true
+				}`,
+			errorFunc: func(err error) bool {
+				return err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Caddyfile:5 (import t1):2")
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
+			ServerType: ServerType{},
+		}
+
+		_, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(tc.input), nil)
+
+		if !tc.errorFunc(err) {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d error expectation failed, got %s", i, err)
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+}

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives.go

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ func ParseSegmentAsSubroute(h Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return buildSubroute(allResults, h.groupCounter)
+	return buildSubroute(allResults, h.groupCounter, true)
 }
 
 // parseSegmentAsConfig parses the segment such that its subdirectives
@@ -427,26 +427,16 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 			jPathLen = len(jPM[0])
 		}
 
-		// some directives involve setting values which can overwrite
-		// each other, so it makes most sense to reverse the order so
-		// that the lease specific matcher is first; everything else
-		// has most-specific matcher first
-		if iDir == "vars" {
+		sortByPath := func() bool {
 			// we can only confidently compare path lengths if both
 			// directives have a single path to match (issue #5037)
 			if iPathLen > 0 && jPathLen > 0 {
-				// sort least-specific (shortest) path first
-				return iPathLen < jPathLen
-			}
+				// if both paths are the same except for a trailing wildcard,
+				// sort by the shorter path first (which is more specific)
+				if strings.TrimSuffix(iPM[0], "*") == strings.TrimSuffix(jPM[0], "*") {
+					return iPathLen < jPathLen
+				}
 
-			// if both directives don't have a single path to compare,
-			// sort whichever one has no matcher first; if both have
-			// no matcher, sort equally (stable sort preserves order)
-			return len(iRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) == 0 && len(jRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) > 0
-		} else {
-			// we can only confidently compare path lengths if both
-			// directives have a single path to match (issue #5037)
-			if iPathLen > 0 && jPathLen > 0 {
 				// sort most-specific (longest) path first
 				return iPathLen > jPathLen
 			}
@@ -455,7 +445,18 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 			// sort whichever one has a matcher first; if both have
 			// a matcher, sort equally (stable sort preserves order)
 			return len(iRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) > 0 && len(jRoute.MatcherSetsRaw) == 0
+		}()
+
+		// some directives involve setting values which can overwrite
+		// each other, so it makes most sense to reverse the order so
+		// that the least-specific matcher is first, allowing the last
+		// matching one to win
+		if iDir == "vars" {
+			return !sortByPath
 		}
+
+		// everything else is most-specific matcher first
+		return sortByPath
 	})
 }
 

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype.go

@@ -241,7 +241,9 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(inputServerBlocks []caddyfile.ServerBlock,
 		if _, ok := options["debug"]; ok {
 			customLogs = append(customLogs, namedCustomLog{
 				name: caddy.DefaultLoggerName,
-				log:  &caddy.CustomLog{Level: zap.DebugLevel.CapitalString()},
+				log: &caddy.CustomLog{
+					BaseLog: caddy.BaseLog{Level: zap.DebugLevel.CapitalString()},
+				},
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -286,6 +288,17 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(inputServerBlocks []caddyfile.ServerBlock,
 	if adminConfig, ok := options["admin"].(*caddy.AdminConfig); ok && adminConfig != nil {
 		cfg.Admin = adminConfig
 	}
+
+	if pc, ok := options["persist_config"].(string); ok && pc == "off" {
+		if cfg.Admin == nil {
+			cfg.Admin = new(caddy.AdminConfig)
+		}
+		if cfg.Admin.Config == nil {
+			cfg.Admin.Config = new(caddy.ConfigSettings)
+		}
+		cfg.Admin.Config.Persist = new(bool)
+	}
+
 	if len(customLogs) > 0 {
 		if cfg.Logging == nil {
 			cfg.Logging = &caddy.Logging{
@@ -618,7 +631,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 
 			// set up each handler directive, making sure to honor directive order
 			dirRoutes := sblock.pile["route"]
-			siteSubroute, err := buildSubroute(dirRoutes, groupCounter)
+			siteSubroute, err := buildSubroute(dirRoutes, groupCounter, true)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -706,7 +719,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 
 	err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("applying global server options: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	return servers, nil
@@ -959,14 +972,16 @@ func appendSubrouteToRouteList(routeList caddyhttp.RouteList,
 
 // buildSubroute turns the config values, which are expected to be routes
 // into a clean and orderly subroute that has all the routes within it.
-func buildSubroute(routes []ConfigValue, groupCounter counter) (*caddyhttp.Subroute, error) {
-	for _, val := range routes {
-		if !directiveIsOrdered(val.directive) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("directive '%s' is not an ordered HTTP handler, so it cannot be used here", val.directive)
+func buildSubroute(routes []ConfigValue, groupCounter counter, needsSorting bool) (*caddyhttp.Subroute, error) {
+	if needsSorting {
+		for _, val := range routes {
+			if !directiveIsOrdered(val.directive) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("directive '%s' is not an ordered HTTP handler, so it cannot be used here", val.directive)
+			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	sortRoutes(routes)
+		sortRoutes(routes)
+	}
 
 	subroute := new(caddyhttp.Subroute)
 
@@ -1315,6 +1330,7 @@ func placeholderShorthands() []string {
 		"{tls_client_certificate_pem}", "{http.request.tls.client.certificate_pem}",
 		"{tls_client_certificate_der_base64}", "{http.request.tls.client.certificate_der_base64}",
 		"{upstream_hostport}", "{http.reverse_proxy.upstream.hostport}",
+		"{client_ip}", "{http.vars.client_ip}",
 	}
 }
 

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/options.go

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_stapling", parseOCSPStaplingOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("log", parseLogOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("persist_config", parseOptPersistConfig)
 }
 
 func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) { return true, nil }
@@ -386,6 +387,21 @@ func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return ond, nil
 }
 
+func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume parameter name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	val := d.Val()
+	if d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if val != "off" {
+		return "", d.Errf("persist_config must be 'off'")
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+
 func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume parameter name
 	if !d.Next() {

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/pkiapp.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddypki"
@@ -26,23 +27,24 @@ func init() {
 
 // parsePKIApp parses the global log option. Syntax:
 //
-//     pki {
-//         ca [<id>] {
-//             name            <name>
-//             root_cn         <name>
-//             intermediate_cn <name>
-//             root {
-//                 cert   <path>
-//                 key    <path>
-//                 format <format>
-//             }
-//             intermediate {
-//                 cert   <path>
-//                 key    <path>
-//                 format <format>
-//             }
-//         }
-//     }
+//	pki {
+//	    ca [<id>] {
+//	        name                  <name>
+//	        root_cn               <name>
+//	        intermediate_cn       <name>
+//	        intermediate_lifetime <duration>
+//	        root {
+//	            cert   <path>
+//	            key    <path>
+//	            format <format>
+//	        }
+//	        intermediate {
+//	            cert   <path>
+//	            key    <path>
+//	            format <format>
+//	        }
+//	    }
+//	}
 //
 // When the CA ID is unspecified, 'local' is assumed.
 func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
@@ -83,6 +85,16 @@ func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
 						}
 						pkiCa.IntermediateCommonName = d.Val()
 
+					case "intermediate_lifetime":
+						if !d.NextArg() {
+							return nil, d.ArgErr()
+						}
+						dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, err
+						}
+						pkiCa.IntermediateLifetime = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
 					case "root":
 						if pkiCa.Root == nil {
 							pkiCa.Root = new(caddypki.KeyPair)

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/serveroptions.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ type serverOptions struct {
 	ListenerAddress string
 
 	// These will all map 1:1 to the caddyhttp.Server struct
+	Name                 string
 	ListenerWrappersRaw  []json.RawMessage
 	ReadTimeout          caddy.Duration
 	ReadHeaderTimeout    caddy.Duration
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ type serverOptions struct {
 	MaxHeaderBytes       int
 	Protocols            []string
 	StrictSNIHost        *bool
+	TrustedProxiesRaw    json.RawMessage
+	ClientIPHeaders      []string
 	ShouldLogCredentials bool
 	Metrics              *caddyhttp.Metrics
 }
@@ -57,6 +60,15 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 		}
 		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 			switch d.Val() {
+			case "name":
+				if serverOpts.ListenerAddress == "" {
+					return nil, d.Errf("cannot set a name for a server without a listener address")
+				}
+				if !d.NextArg() {
+					return nil, d.ArgErr()
+				}
+				serverOpts.Name = d.Val()
+
 			case "listener_wrappers":
 				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
 					modID := "caddy.listeners." + d.Val()
@@ -176,6 +188,39 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 				}
 				serverOpts.StrictSNIHost = &boolVal
 
+			case "trusted_proxies":
+				if !d.NextArg() {
+					return nil, d.Err("trusted_proxies expects an IP range source module name as its first argument")
+				}
+				modID := "http.ip_sources." + d.Val()
+				unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				source, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.IPRangeSource)
+				if !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not an IP range source", modID, unm)
+				}
+				jsonSource := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
+					source,
+					"source",
+					source.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
+					nil,
+				)
+				serverOpts.TrustedProxiesRaw = jsonSource
+
+			case "client_ip_headers":
+				headers := d.RemainingArgs()
+				for _, header := range headers {
+					if sliceContains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
+						return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
+					}
+					serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
+				}
+				if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
+					return nil, d.ArgErr()
+				}
+
 			case "metrics":
 				if d.NextArg() {
 					return nil, d.ArgErr()
@@ -238,7 +283,22 @@ func applyServerOptions(
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	for _, server := range servers {
+	// check for duplicate names, which would clobber the config
+	existingNames := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, opts := range serverOpts {
+		if opts.Name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if existingNames[opts.Name] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot use duplicate server name '%s'", opts.Name)
+		}
+		existingNames[opts.Name] = true
+	}
+
+	// collect the server name overrides
+	nameReplacements := map[string]string{}
+
+	for key, server := range servers {
 		// find the options that apply to this server
 		opts := func() *serverOptions {
 			for _, entry := range serverOpts {
@@ -269,6 +329,8 @@ func applyServerOptions(
 		server.MaxHeaderBytes = opts.MaxHeaderBytes
 		server.Protocols = opts.Protocols
 		server.StrictSNIHost = opts.StrictSNIHost
+		server.TrustedProxiesRaw = opts.TrustedProxiesRaw
+		server.ClientIPHeaders = opts.ClientIPHeaders
 		server.Metrics = opts.Metrics
 		if opts.ShouldLogCredentials {
 			if server.Logs == nil {
@@ -276,6 +338,16 @@ func applyServerOptions(
 			}
 			server.Logs.ShouldLogCredentials = opts.ShouldLogCredentials
 		}
+
+		if opts.Name != "" {
+			nameReplacements[key] = opts.Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	// rename the servers if marked to do so
+	for old, new := range nameReplacements {
+		servers[new] = servers[old]
+		delete(servers, old)
 	}
 
 	return nil

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/tlsapp.go

@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			}
 
 			// associate our new automation policy with this server block's hosts
-			ap.Subjects = sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
-			sort.Strings(ap.Subjects) // solely for deterministic test results
+			ap.SubjectsRaw = sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
+			sort.Strings(ap.SubjectsRaw) // solely for deterministic test results
 
 			// if a combination of public and internal names were given
 			// for this same server block and no issuer was specified, we
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			var ap2 *caddytls.AutomationPolicy
 			if len(ap.Issuers) == 0 {
 				var internal, external []string
-				for _, s := range ap.Subjects {
+				for _, s := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
 					if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForCert(s) {
 						return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("subject does not qualify for certificate: '%s'", s)
 					}
@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					}
 				}
 				if len(external) > 0 && len(internal) > 0 {
-					ap.Subjects = external
+					ap.SubjectsRaw = external
 					apCopy := *ap
 					ap2 = &apCopy
-					ap2.Subjects = internal
+					ap2.SubjectsRaw = internal
 					ap2.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(caddytls.InternalIssuer{}, "module", "internal", &warnings)}
 				}
 			}
@@ -339,14 +339,14 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		for h := range httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey {
 			al = append(al, h)
 			if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert(h) {
-				internalAP.Subjects = append(internalAP.Subjects, h)
+				internalAP.SubjectsRaw = append(internalAP.SubjectsRaw, h)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	if len(al) > 0 {
 		tlsApp.CertificatesRaw["automate"] = caddyconfig.JSON(al, &warnings)
 	}
-	if len(internalAP.Subjects) > 0 {
+	if len(internalAP.SubjectsRaw) > 0 {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 		}
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		// for convenience)
 		automationHostSet := make(map[string]struct{})
 		for _, ap := range tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
-			for _, s := range ap.Subjects {
+			for _, s := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
 				if _, ok := automationHostSet[s]; ok {
 					return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("hostname appears in more than one automation policy, making certificate management ambiguous: %s", s)
 				}
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 		if automationPolicyIsSubset(aps[j], aps[i]) {
 			return false
 		}
-		return len(aps[i].Subjects) > len(aps[j].Subjects)
+		return len(aps[i].SubjectsRaw) > len(aps[j].SubjectsRaw)
 	})
 
 	emptyAPCount := 0
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 	// compute the number of empty policies (disregarding subjects) - see #4128
 	emptyAP := new(caddytls.AutomationPolicy)
 	for i := 0; i < len(aps); i++ {
-		emptyAP.Subjects = aps[i].Subjects
+		emptyAP.SubjectsRaw = aps[i].SubjectsRaw
 		if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], emptyAP) {
 			emptyAPCount++
 			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ outer:
 				aps[i].KeyType == aps[j].KeyType &&
 				aps[i].OnDemand == aps[j].OnDemand &&
 				aps[i].RenewalWindowRatio == aps[j].RenewalWindowRatio {
-				if len(aps[i].Subjects) > 0 && len(aps[j].Subjects) == 0 {
+				if len(aps[i].SubjectsRaw) > 0 && len(aps[j].SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
 					// later policy (at j) has no subjects ("catch-all"), so we can
 					// remove the identical-but-more-specific policy that comes first
 					// AS LONG AS it is not shadowed by another policy before it; e.g.
@@ -598,9 +598,9 @@ outer:
 					}
 				} else {
 					// avoid repeated subjects
-					for _, subj := range aps[j].Subjects {
-						if !sliceContains(aps[i].Subjects, subj) {
-							aps[i].Subjects = append(aps[i].Subjects, subj)
+					for _, subj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
+						if !sliceContains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
+							aps[i].SubjectsRaw = append(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj)
 						}
 					}
 					aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
@@ -616,15 +616,15 @@ outer:
 // automationPolicyIsSubset returns true if a's subjects are a subset
 // of b's subjects.
 func automationPolicyIsSubset(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	if len(b.Subjects) == 0 {
+	if len(b.SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
 		return true
 	}
-	if len(a.Subjects) == 0 {
+	if len(a.SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
-	for _, aSubj := range a.Subjects {
+	for _, aSubj := range a.SubjectsRaw {
 		var inSuperset bool
-		for _, bSubj := range b.Subjects {
+		for _, bSubj := range b.SubjectsRaw {
 			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj) {
 				inSuperset = true
 				break
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) b
 }
 
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	for _, subj := range ap.Subjects {
+	for _, subj := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
 		if !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj) {
 			return false
 		}

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/tlsapp_test.go

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ func TestAutomationPolicyIsSubset(t *testing.T) {
 			expect: false,
 		},
 	} {
-		apA := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{Subjects: test.a}
-		apB := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{Subjects: test.b}
+		apA := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{SubjectsRaw: test.a}
+		apB := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{SubjectsRaw: test.b}
 		if actual := automationPolicyIsSubset(apA, apB); actual != test.expect {
 			t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %t but got %t (A: %v  B: %v)", i, test.expect, actual, test.a, test.b)
 		}

caddyconfig/httploader.go

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ func attemptHttpCall(client *http.Client, request *http.Request) (*http.Response
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("problem calling http loader url: %v", err)
 	} else if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode > 499 {
+		resp.Body.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad response status code from http loader url: %v", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 	return resp, nil
@@ -134,16 +135,16 @@ func doHttpCallWithRetries(ctx caddy.Context, client *http.Client, request *http
 	var err error
 	const maxAttempts = 10
 
-	// attempt up to 10 times
 	for i := 0; i < maxAttempts; i++ {
 		resp, err = attemptHttpCall(client, request)
 		if err != nil && i < maxAttempts-1 {
-			// wait 500ms before reattempting, or until context is done
 			select {
 			case <-time.After(time.Millisecond * 500):
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				return resp, ctx.Err()
 			}
+		} else {
+			break
 		}
 	}
 

caddytest/caddytest.go

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err := validateTestPrerequisites()
+	err := validateTestPrerequisites(tc.t)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Skipf("skipping tests as failed integration prerequisites. %s", err)
 		return nil
@@ -218,15 +218,20 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 		if reflect.DeepEqual(expected, fetchConfig(client)) {
 			return nil
 		}
-		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
 	}
 	tc.t.Errorf("POSTed configuration isn't active")
 	return errors.New("EnsureConfigRunning: POSTed configuration isn't active")
 }
 
+const initConfig = `{
+	admin localhost:2999
+}
+`
+
 // validateTestPrerequisites ensures the certificates are available in the
 // designated path and Caddy sub-process is running.
-func validateTestPrerequisites() error {
+func validateTestPrerequisites(t *testing.T) error {
 
 	// check certificates are found
 	for _, certName := range Default.Certifcates {
@@ -236,15 +241,27 @@ func validateTestPrerequisites() error {
 	}
 
 	if isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil {
+		// setup the init config file, and set the cleanup afterwards
+		f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			os.Remove(f.Name())
+		})
+		if _, err := f.WriteString(initConfig); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		// start inprocess caddy server
-		os.Args = []string{"caddy", "run", "--config", "./test.init.config", "--adapter", "caddyfile"}
+		os.Args = []string{"caddy", "run", "--config", f.Name(), "--adapter", "caddyfile"}
 		go func() {
 			caddycmd.Main()
 		}()
 
 		// wait for caddy to start serving the initial config
 		for retries := 10; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil; retries-- {
-			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
 		}
 	}
 

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_lifetime.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca internal {
+			name "Internal"
+			root_cn "Internal Root Cert"
+			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert"
+		}
+		ca internal-long-lived {
+			name "Long-lived"
+			root_cn "Internal Root Cert 2"
+			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert 2"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme-internal.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca internal
+	}
+}
+
+acme-long-lived.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca internal-long-lived
+		lifetime 7d
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme-long-lived.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "internal-long-lived",
+													"handler": "acme_server",
+													"lifetime": 604800000000000
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme-internal.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "internal",
+													"handler": "acme_server"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"internal": {
+					"name": "Internal",
+					"root_common_name": "Internal Root Cert",
+					"intermediate_common_name": "Internal Intermediate Cert"
+				},
+				"internal-long-lived": {
+					"name": "Long-lived",
+					"root_common_name": "Internal Root Cert 2",
+					"intermediate_common_name": "Internal Intermediate Cert 2"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_admin_with_persist_config_off.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+	http_port 8080
+	persist_config off
+	admin {
+		origins localhost:2019 [::1]:2019 127.0.0.1:2019 192.168.10.128
+	}
+}
+
+:80
+----------
+{
+	"admin": {
+		"listen": "localhost:2019",
+		"origins": [
+			"localhost:2019",
+			"[::1]:2019",
+			"127.0.0.1:2019",
+			"192.168.10.128"
+		],
+		"config": {
+			"persist": false
+		}
+	},
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"http_port": 8080,
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_persist_config.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+	persist_config off
+}
+
+:8881 {
+}
+----------
+{
+	"admin": {
+		"config": {
+			"persist": false
+		}
+	},
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8881"
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_skip_install_trust.txt

@@ -165,4 +165,4 @@ acme-bar.example.com {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_server_options_single.txt

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 		log_credentials
 		protocols h1 h2 h2c h3
 		strict_sni_host
+		trusted_proxies static private_ranges
+		client_ip_headers Custom-Real-Client-IP X-Forwarded-For
+		client_ip_headers A-Third-One
 	}
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +58,22 @@ foo.com {
 						}
 					],
 					"strict_sni_host": true,
+					"trusted_proxies": {
+						"ranges": [
+							"192.168.0.0/16",
+							"172.16.0.0/12",
+							"10.0.0.0/8",
+							"127.0.0.1/8",
+							"fd00::/8",
+							"::1"
+						],
+						"source": "static"
+					},
+					"client_ip_headers": [
+						"Custom-Real-Client-IP",
+						"X-Forwarded-For",
+						"A-Third-One"
+					],
 					"logs": {
 						"should_log_credentials": true
 					},

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/handle_nested_in_route.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+:8881 {
+	route {
+		handle /foo/* {
+			respond "Foo"
+		}
+		handle {
+			respond "Bar"
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8881"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"group": "group2",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"body": "Foo",
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/foo/*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"group": "group2",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"body": "Bar",
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/heredoc.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+example.com {
+    respond <<EOF
+    <html>
+      <head><title>Foo</title>
+      <body>Foo</body>
+    </html>
+    EOF 200
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "\u003chtml\u003e\n  \u003chead\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eFoo\u003c/title\u003e\n  \u003cbody\u003eFoo\u003c/body\u003e\n\u003c/html\u003e",
+													"handler": "static_response",
+													"status_code": 200
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/import_args_snippet.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 (logging) {
 	log {
-		output file /var/log/caddy/{args.0}.access.log
+		output file /var/log/caddy/{args[0]}.access.log
 	}
 }
 

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/map_and_vars_with_raw_types.txt

@@ -100,16 +100,16 @@ vars {
 													],
 													"source": "{http.request.host}"
 												},
-												{
-													"foo": "bar",
-													"handler": "vars"
-												},
 												{
 													"abc": true,
 													"def": 1,
 													"ghi": 2.3,
 													"handler": "vars",
 													"jkl": "mn op"
+												},
+												{
+													"foo": "bar",
+													"handler": "vars"
 												}
 											]
 										}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/matcher_syntax.txt

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@
 
 	@matcher11 remote_ip private_ranges
 	respond @matcher11 "remote_ip matcher with private ranges"
+
+	@matcher12 client_ip private_ranges
+	respond @matcher12 "client_ip matcher with private ranges"
 }
 ----------
 {
@@ -250,6 +253,28 @@
 									"handler": "static_response"
 								}
 							]
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"client_ip": {
+										"ranges": [
+											"192.168.0.0/16",
+											"172.16.0.0/12",
+											"10.0.0.0/8",
+											"127.0.0.1/8",
+											"fd00::/8",
+											"::1"
+										]
+									}
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"body": "client_ip matcher with private ranges",
+									"handler": "static_response"
+								}
+							]
 						}
 					]
 				}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_expanded_form.txt

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ route {
 											]
 										},
 										{
+											"group": "group0",
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"handler": "rewrite",
@@ -129,4 +130,4 @@ route {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_dynamic_upstreams.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 			resolvers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
 			dial_timeout 2s
 			dial_fallback_delay 300ms
+			versions ipv6
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -66,7 +67,10 @@
 												"8.8.4.4"
 											]
 										},
-										"source": "a"
+										"source": "a",
+										"versions": {
+											"ipv6": true
+										}
 									},
 									"handler": "reverse_proxy"
 								}
@@ -113,4 +117,4 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_options.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 https://example.com {
 	reverse_proxy /path https://localhost:54321 {
 		header_up Host {upstream_hostport}
@@ -7,7 +6,7 @@ https://example.com {
 		method GET
 		rewrite /rewritten?uri={uri}
 
-		buffer_requests
+		request_buffers 4KB
 
 		transport http {
 			read_buffer 10MB
@@ -24,13 +23,12 @@ https://example.com {
 			max_conns_per_host 5
 			keepalive_idle_conns_per_host 2
 			keepalive_interval 30s
-			
+
 			tls_renegotiation freely
 			tls_except_ports 8181 8182
 		}
 	}
 }
-
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -56,7 +54,6 @@ https://example.com {
 										{
 											"handle": [
 												{
-													"buffer_requests": true,
 													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
 													"headers": {
 														"request": {
@@ -70,6 +67,7 @@ https://example.com {
 															}
 														}
 													},
+													"request_buffers": 4000,
 													"rewrite": {
 														"method": "GET",
 														"uri": "/rewritten?uri={http.request.uri}"

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/server_names.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+	servers :443 {
+		name https
+	}
+
+	servers :8000 {
+		name app1
+	}
+
+	servers :8001 {
+		name app2
+	}
+
+	servers 123.123.123.123:8002 {
+		name bind-server
+	}
+}
+
+example.com {
+}
+
+:8000 {
+}
+
+:8001, :8002 {
+}
+
+:8002 {
+	bind 123.123.123.123 222.222.222.222
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"app1": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8000"
+					]
+				},
+				"app2": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8001"
+					]
+				},
+				"bind-server": {
+					"listen": [
+						"123.123.123.123:8002",
+						"222.222.222.222:8002"
+					]
+				},
+				"https": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				},
+				"srv4": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8002"
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/sort_directives_within_handle.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 *.example.com {
 	@foo host foo.example.com
 	handle @foo {
-		handle_path /strip* {
+		handle_path /strip {
 			respond "this should be first"
 		}
-		handle {
+		handle_path /strip* {
 			respond "this should be second"
 		}
+		handle {
+			respond "this should be last"
+		}
 	}
 	handle {
 		respond "this should be last"
@@ -35,13 +38,13 @@
 									"handler": "subroute",
 									"routes": [
 										{
-											"group": "group5",
+											"group": "group6",
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"handler": "subroute",
 													"routes": [
 														{
-															"group": "group2",
+															"group": "group3",
 															"handle": [
 																{
 																	"handler": "subroute",
@@ -68,17 +71,25 @@
 															"match": [
 																{
 																	"path": [
-																		"/strip*"
+																		"/strip"
 																	]
 																}
 															]
 														},
 														{
-															"group": "group2",
+															"group": "group3",
 															"handle": [
 																{
 																	"handler": "subroute",
 																	"routes": [
+																		{
+																			"handle": [
+																				{
+																					"handler": "rewrite",
+																					"strip_path_prefix": "/strip"
+																				}
+																			]
+																		},
 																		{
 																			"handle": [
 																				{
@@ -89,6 +100,31 @@
 																		}
 																	]
 																}
+															],
+															"match": [
+																{
+																	"path": [
+																		"/strip*"
+																	]
+																}
+															]
+														},
+														{
+															"group": "group3",
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"handler": "subroute",
+																	"routes": [
+																		{
+																			"handle": [
+																				{
+																					"body": "this should be last",
+																					"handler": "static_response"
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																}
 															]
 														}
 													]
@@ -103,7 +139,7 @@
 											]
 										},
 										{
-											"group": "group5",
+											"group": "group6",
 											"handle": [
 												{
 													"handler": "subroute",

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/sort_vars_in_reverse.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 :80
 
 vars /foobar foo last
-vars /foo foo middle
+vars /foo foo middle-last
+vars /foo* foo middle-first
 vars * foo first
 ----------
 {
@@ -21,6 +22,21 @@ vars * foo first
 								}
 							]
 						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"path": [
+										"/foo*"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"foo": "middle-first",
+									"handler": "vars"
+								}
+							]
+						},
 						{
 							"match": [
 								{
@@ -31,7 +47,7 @@ vars * foo first
 							],
 							"handle": [
 								{
-									"foo": "middle",
+									"foo": "middle-last",
 									"handler": "vars"
 								}
 							]

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/tls_dns_ttl.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+localhost
+
+respond "hello from localhost"
+tls {
+	dns_ttl 5m10s
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "hello from localhost",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"localhost"
+						],
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"ttl": 310000000000
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "acme"
+							},
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"ttl": 310000000000
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "zerossl"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/tls_explicit_issuer_dns_ttl.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+localhost
+
+respond "hello from localhost"
+tls {
+	issuer acme {
+		dns_ttl 5m10s
+	}
+	issuer zerossl {
+		dns_ttl 10m20s
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "hello from localhost",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"localhost"
+						],
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"ttl": 310000000000
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "acme"
+							},
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"ttl": 620000000000
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "zerossl"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/tls_propagation_options.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+localhost
+
+respond "hello from localhost"
+tls {
+	propagation_delay 5m10s
+	propagation_timeout 10m20s
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "hello from localhost",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"localhost"
+						],
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"propagation_delay": 310000000000,
+										"propagation_timeout": 620000000000
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "acme"
+							},
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"propagation_delay": 310000000000,
+										"propagation_timeout": 620000000000
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "zerossl"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/pki_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
+)
+
+func TestLeafCertLifetimeLessThanIntermediate(t *testing.T) {
+	caddytest.AssertLoadError(t, `
+    {
+      "apps": {
+        "http": {
+          "servers": {
+            "srv0": {
+              "listen": [
+                ":443"
+              ],
+              "routes": [
+                {
+                  "handle": [
+                    {
+                      "handler": "subroute",
+                      "routes": [
+                        {
+                          "handle": [
+                            {
+                              "ca": "internal",
+                              "handler": "acme_server",
+                              "lifetime": 604800000000000
+                            }
+                          ]
+                        }
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "pki": {
+          "certificate_authorities": {
+            "internal": {
+              "install_trust": false,
+              "intermediate_lifetime": 604800000000000,
+              "name": "Internal CA"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+	`, "json", "certificate lifetime (168h0m0s) should be less than intermediate certificate lifetime (168h0m0s)")
+}
+
+func TestIntermediateLifetimeLessThanRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	caddytest.AssertLoadError(t, `
+    {
+      "apps": {
+        "http": {
+          "servers": {
+            "srv0": {
+              "listen": [
+                ":443"
+              ],
+              "routes": [
+                {
+                  "handle": [
+                    {
+                      "handler": "subroute",
+                      "routes": [
+                        {
+                          "handle": [
+                            {
+                              "ca": "internal",
+                              "handler": "acme_server",
+                              "lifetime": 2592000000000000
+                            }
+                          ]
+                        }
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "pki": {
+          "certificate_authorities": {
+            "internal": {
+              "install_trust": false,
+              "intermediate_lifetime": 311040000000000000,
+              "name": "Internal CA"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+	`, "json", "intermediate certificate lifetime must be less than root certificate lifetime (86400h0m0s)")
+}

caddytest/integration/reverseproxy_test.go

@@ -22,80 +22,38 @@ func TestSRVReverseProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities" : {
-					"local" : {
-					"install_trust": false
+				"certificate_authorities": {
+					"local": {
+						"install_trust": false
 					}
 				}
 			},
-		  "http": {
-			"grace_period": 1,
-			"servers": {
-			  "srv0": {
-				"listen": [
-				  ":8080"
-				],
-				"routes": [
-				  {
-					"handle": [
-					  {
-						"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-						"upstreams": [
-						  {
-							"lookup_srv": "srv.host.service.consul"
-						  }
+			"http": {
+				"grace_period": 1,
+				"servers": {
+					"srv0": {
+						"listen": [
+							":18080"
+						],
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+										"dynamic_upstreams": {
+											"source": "srv",
+											"name": "srv.host.service.consul"
+										}
+									}
+								]
+							}
 						]
-					  }
-					]
-				  }
-				]
-			  }
-			}
-		  }
-		}
-	  }
-  `, "json")
-}
-
-func TestSRVWithDial(t *testing.T) {
-	caddytest.AssertLoadError(t, `
-	{
-		"apps": {
-			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities" : {
-				  "local" : {
-					"install_trust": false
-				  }
+					}
 				}
-			  },
-		  "http": {
-			"grace_period": 1,
-			"servers": {
-			  "srv0": {
-				"listen": [
-				  ":8080"
-				],
-				"routes": [
-				  {
-					"handle": [
-					  {
-						"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-						"upstreams": [
-						  {
-							"dial": "tcp/address.to.upstream:80",
-							"lookup_srv": "srv.host.service.consul"
-						  }
-						]
-					  }
-					]
-				  }
-				]
-			  }
 			}
-		  }
 		}
-	  }
-	`, "json", `upstream: specifying dial address is incompatible with lookup_srv: 0: {\"dial\": \"tcp/address.to.upstream:80\", \"lookup_srv\": \"srv.host.service.consul\"}`)
+	}
+	`, "json")
 }
 
 func TestDialWithPlaceholderUnix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -138,41 +96,41 @@ func TestDialWithPlaceholderUnix(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities" : {
-				  "local" : {
-					"install_trust": false
-				  }
+				"certificate_authorities": {
+					"local": {
+						"install_trust": false
+					}
 				}
-			  },
-		  "http": {
-			"grace_period": 1,
-			"servers": {
-			  "srv0": {
-				"listen": [
-				  ":8080"
-				],
-				"routes": [
-				  {
-					"handle": [
-					  {
-						"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-						"upstreams": [
-						  {
-							"dial": "unix/{http.request.header.X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial}"
-						  }
+			},
+			"http": {
+				"grace_period": 1,
+				"servers": {
+					"srv0": {
+						"listen": [
+							":18080"
+						],
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+										"upstreams": [
+											{
+												"dial": "unix/{http.request.header.X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial}"
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								]
+							}
 						]
-					  }
-					]
-				  }
-				]
-			  }
-			}
-		  }
+					}
+				}
+		  	}
 		}
-	  }
+	}
 	`, "json")
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:8080", nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:18080", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
@@ -190,18 +148,18 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities" : {
-				  "local" : {
-					"install_trust": false
-				  }
+				"certificate_authorities": {
+					"local": {
+						"install_trust": false
+					}
 				}
-			  },
+			},
 			"http": {
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":8080"
+							":18080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -264,14 +222,14 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-  	`, "json")
+	`, "json")
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
-	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", "localhost:8080")
+	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", "localhost:18080")
 	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
@@ -284,18 +242,18 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities" : {
-				  "local" : {
-					"install_trust": false
-				  }
+				"certificate_authorities": {
+					"local": {
+						"install_trust": false
+					}
 				}
-			  },
+			},
 			"http": {
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":8080"
+							":18080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -340,7 +298,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
 										"upstreams": [
 											{
-												"dial": "tcp/{http.request.header.X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial}:8080"
+												"dial": "tcp/{http.request.header.X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial}:18080"
 											}
 										]
 									}
@@ -358,7 +316,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-  	`, "json")
+	`, "json")
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080", nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -369,51 +327,6 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
-func TestSRVWithActiveHealthcheck(t *testing.T) {
-	caddytest.AssertLoadError(t, `
-	{
-		"apps": {
-			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities" : {
-				  "local" : {
-					"install_trust": false
-				  }
-				}
-			  },
-		  "http": {
-			"grace_period": 1,
-			"servers": {
-			  "srv0": {
-				"listen": [
-				  ":8080"
-				],
-				"routes": [
-				  {
-					"handle": [
-					  {
-						"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-						"health_checks": {
-							"active": {
-								"path": "/ok"
-							}
-						},
-						"upstreams": [
-						  {
-							"lookup_srv": "srv.host.service.consul"
-						  }
-						]
-					  }
-					]
-				  }
-				]
-			  }
-			}
-		  }
-		}
-	  }
-	`, "json", `upstream: lookup_srv is incompatible with active health checks: 0: {\"dial\": \"\", \"lookup_srv\": \"srv.host.service.consul\"}`)
-}
-
 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
@@ -440,7 +353,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 			health_timeout 100ms
 		}
 	}
-  `, "caddyfile")
+	`, "caddyfile")
 
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // TODO: for some reason this test seems particularly flaky, getting 503 when it should be 200, unless we wait
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")

caddytest/integration/test.init.config

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
-	admin localhost:2999
-}

caddytest/integration/testdata/import_respond.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-respond "'I am {args.0}', hears {args.1}"
+respond "'I am {args[0]}', hears {args[1]}"

cmd/caddy/main.go

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
 // There is no need to modify the Caddy source code to customize your
 // builds. You can easily build a custom Caddy with these simple steps:
 //
-//   1. Copy this file (main.go) into a new folder
-//   2. Edit the imports below to include the modules you want plugged in
-//   3. Run `go mod init caddy`
-//   4. Run `go install` or `go build` - you now have a custom binary!
+//  1. Copy this file (main.go) into a new folder
+//  2. Edit the imports below to include the modules you want plugged in
+//  3. Run `go mod init caddy`
+//  4. Run `go install` or `go build` - you now have a custom binary!
 //
 // Or you can use xcaddy which does it all for you as a command:
 // https://github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy

cmd/cobra.go

@@ -101,20 +101,29 @@ const fullDocsFooter = `Full documentation is available at:
 https://caddyserver.com/docs/command-line`
 
 func init() {
-	rootCmd.SetHelpTemplate(rootCmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter)
+	rootCmd.SetHelpTemplate(rootCmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
 }
 
-func caddyCmdToCoral(caddyCmd Command) *cobra.Command {
+func caddyCmdToCobra(caddyCmd Command) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   caddyCmd.Name,
 		Short: caddyCmd.Short,
 		Long:  caddyCmd.Long,
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-			fls := cmd.Flags()
-			_, err := caddyCmd.Func(Flags{fls})
-			return err
-		},
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().AddGoFlagSet(caddyCmd.Flags)
+	if caddyCmd.CobraFunc != nil {
+		caddyCmd.CobraFunc(cmd)
+	} else {
+		cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(caddyCmd.Func)
+		cmd.Flags().AddGoFlagSet(caddyCmd.Flags)
+	}
 	return cmd
 }
+
+// WrapCommandFuncForCobra wraps a Caddy CommandFunc for use
+// in a cobra command's RunE field.
+func WrapCommandFuncForCobra(f CommandFunc) func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+		_, err := f(Flags{cmd.Flags()})
+		return err
+	}
+}

cmd/commandfuncs.go

@@ -208,6 +208,16 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// create pidfile now, in case loading config takes a while (issue #5477)
+	if runCmdPidfileFlag != "" {
+		err := caddy.PIDFile(runCmdPidfileFlag)
+		if err != nil {
+			caddy.Log().Error("unable to write PID file",
+				zap.String("pidfile", runCmdPidfileFlag),
+				zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}
+
 	// run the initial config
 	err = caddy.Load(config, true)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -242,16 +252,6 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		go watchConfigFile(configFile, runCmdConfigAdapterFlag)
 	}
 
-	// create pidfile
-	if runCmdPidfileFlag != "" {
-		err := caddy.PIDFile(runCmdPidfileFlag)
-		if err != nil {
-			caddy.Log().Error("unable to write PID file",
-				zap.String("pidfile", runCmdPidfileFlag),
-				zap.Error(err))
-		}
-	}
-
 	// warn if the environment does not provide enough information about the disk
 	hasXDG := os.Getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME") != "" &&
 		os.Getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME") != "" &&
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ func cmdAdaptConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	// validate output if requested
 	if adaptCmdValidateFlag {
 		var cfg *caddy.Config
-		err = json.Unmarshal(adaptedConfig, &cfg)
+		err = caddy.StrictUnmarshalJSON(adaptedConfig, &cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("decoding config: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -506,6 +506,15 @@ func cmdAdaptConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 func cmdValidateConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	validateCmdConfigFlag := fl.String("config")
 	validateCmdAdapterFlag := fl.String("adapter")
+	runCmdLoadEnvfileFlag := fl.String("envfile")
+
+	// load all additional envs as soon as possible
+	if runCmdLoadEnvfileFlag != "" {
+		if err := loadEnvFromFile(runCmdLoadEnvfileFlag); err != nil {
+			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup,
+				fmt.Errorf("loading additional environment variables: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
 
 	input, _, err := LoadConfig(validateCmdConfigFlag, validateCmdAdapterFlag)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -514,7 +523,7 @@ func cmdValidateConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	input = caddy.RemoveMetaFields(input)
 
 	var cfg *caddy.Config
-	err = json.Unmarshal(input, &cfg)
+	err = caddy.StrictUnmarshalJSON(input, &cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("decoding config: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -558,7 +567,10 @@ func cmdFmt(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		if err := os.WriteFile(formatCmdConfigFile, output, 0600); err != nil {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("overwriting formatted file: %v", err)
 		}
-	} else if fl.Bool("diff") {
+		return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
+	}
+
+	if fl.Bool("diff") {
 		diff := difflib.Diff(
 			strings.Split(string(input), "\n"),
 			strings.Split(string(output), "\n"))
@@ -576,6 +588,13 @@ func cmdFmt(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		fmt.Print(string(output))
 	}
 
+	if warning, diff := caddyfile.FormattingDifference(formatCmdConfigFile, input); diff {
+		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf(`%s:%d: Caddyfile input is not formatted; Tip: use '--overwrite' to update your Caddyfile in-place instead of previewing it. Consult '--help' for more options`,
+			warning.File,
+			warning.Line,
+		)
+	}
+
 	return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
 }
 

cmd/commands.go

@@ -34,12 +34,6 @@ type Command struct {
 	// Required.
 	Name string
 
-	// Func is a function that executes a subcommand using
-	// the parsed flags. It returns an exit code and any
-	// associated error.
-	// Required.
-	Func CommandFunc
-
 	// Usage is a brief message describing the syntax of
 	// the subcommand's flags and args. Use [] to indicate
 	// optional parameters and <> to enclose literal values
@@ -60,7 +54,21 @@ type Command struct {
 	Long string
 
 	// Flags is the flagset for command.
+	// This is ignored if CobraFunc is set.
 	Flags *flag.FlagSet
+
+	// Func is a function that executes a subcommand using
+	// the parsed flags. It returns an exit code and any
+	// associated error.
+	// Required if CobraFunc is not set.
+	Func CommandFunc
+
+	// CobraFunc allows further configuration of the command
+	// via cobra's APIs. If this is set, then Func and Flags
+	// are ignored, with the assumption that they are set in
+	// this function. A caddycmd.WrapCommandFuncForCobra helper
+	// exists to simplify porting CommandFunc to Cobra's RunE.
+	CobraFunc func(*cobra.Command)
 }
 
 // CommandFunc is a command's function. It runs the
@@ -79,7 +87,6 @@ var commands = make(map[string]Command)
 func init() {
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "start",
-		Func:  cmdStart,
 		Usage: "[--config <path> [--adapter <name>]] [--envfile <path>] [--watch] [--pidfile <file>]",
 		Short: "Starts the Caddy process in the background and then returns",
 		Long: `
@@ -91,22 +98,21 @@ the KEY=VALUE format will be loaded into the Caddy process.
 
 On Windows, the spawned child process will remain attached to the terminal, so
 closing the window will forcefully stop Caddy; to avoid forgetting this, try
-using 'caddy run' instead to keep it in the foreground.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("start", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("config", "", "Configuration file")
-			fs.String("envfile", "", "Environment file to load")
-			fs.String("adapter", "", "Name of config adapter to apply")
-			fs.String("pidfile", "", "Path of file to which to write process ID")
-			fs.Bool("watch", false, "Reload changed config file automatically")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+using 'caddy run' instead to keep it in the foreground.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("adapter", "a", "", "Name of config adapter to apply")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("envfile", "", "", "Environment file to load")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("watch", "w", false, "Reload changed config file automatically")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("pidfile", "", "", "Path of file to which to write process ID")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdStart)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "run",
-		Func:  cmdRun,
-		Usage: "[--config <path> [--adapter <name>]] [--envfile <path>] [--environ] [--resume] [--watch] [--pidfile <fil>]",
+		Usage: "[--config <path> [--adapter <name>]] [--envfile <path>] [--environ] [--resume] [--watch] [--pidfile <file>]",
 		Short: `Starts the Caddy process and blocks indefinitely`,
 		Long: `
 Starts the Caddy process, optionally bootstrapped with an initial config file,
@@ -138,44 +144,42 @@ save file. It is not an error if --resume is used and no autosave file exists.
 
 If --watch is specified, the config file will be loaded automatically after
 changes. ⚠️ This can make unintentional config changes easier; only use this
-option in a local development environment.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("run", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("config", "", "Configuration file")
-			fs.String("adapter", "", "Name of config adapter to apply")
-			fs.String("envfile", "", "Environment file to load")
-			fs.Bool("environ", false, "Print environment")
-			fs.Bool("resume", false, "Use saved config, if any (and prefer over --config file)")
-			fs.Bool("watch", false, "Watch config file for changes and reload it automatically")
-			fs.String("pidfile", "", "Path of file to which to write process ID")
-			fs.String("pingback", "", "Echo confirmation bytes to this address on success")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+option in a local development environment.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("adapter", "a", "", "Name of config adapter to apply")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("envfile", "", "", "Environment file to load")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("environ", "e", false, "Print environment")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("resume", "r", false, "Use saved config, if any (and prefer over --config file)")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("watch", "w", false, "Watch config file for changes and reload it automatically")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("pidfile", "", "", "Path of file to which to write process ID")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("pingback", "", "", "Echo confirmation bytes to this address on success")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdRun)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "stop",
-		Func:  cmdStop,
-		Usage: "[--address <interface>] [--config <path> [--adapter <name>]]",
+		Usage: "[--config <path> [--adapter <name>]] [--address <interface>]",
 		Short: "Gracefully stops a started Caddy process",
 		Long: `
 Stops the background Caddy process as gracefully as possible.
 
 It requires that the admin API is enabled and accessible, since it will
 use the API's /stop endpoint. The address of this request can be customized
-using the --address flag, or from the given --config, if not the default.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("stop", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("address", "", "The address to use to reach the admin API endpoint, if not the default")
-			fs.String("config", "", "Configuration file to use to parse the admin address, if --address is not used")
-			fs.String("adapter", "", "Name of config adapter to apply (when --config is used)")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+using the --address flag, or from the given --config, if not the default.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file to use to parse the admin address, if --address is not used")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("adapter", "a", "", "Name of config adapter to apply (when --config is used)")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("address", "", "", "The address to use to reach the admin API endpoint, if not the default")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdStop)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "reload",
-		Func:  cmdReload,
 		Usage: "--config <path> [--adapter <name>] [--address <interface>]",
 		Short: "Changes the config of the running Caddy instance",
 		Long: `
@@ -185,20 +189,19 @@ workflows revolving around config files.
 
 Since the admin endpoint is configurable, the endpoint configuration is loaded
 from the --address flag if specified; otherwise it is loaded from the given
-config file; otherwise the default is assumed.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("reload", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("config", "", "Configuration file (required)")
-			fs.String("adapter", "", "Name of config adapter to apply")
-			fs.String("address", "", "Address of the administration listener, if different from config")
-			fs.Bool("force", false, "Force config reload, even if it is the same")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+config file; otherwise the default is assumed.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file (required)")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("adapter", "a", "", "Name of config adapter to apply")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("address", "", "", "Address of the administration listener, if different from config")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("force", "f", false, "Force config reload, even if it is the same")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdReload)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "version",
-		Func:  cmdVersion,
 		Short: "Prints the version",
 		Long: `
 Prints the version of this Caddy binary.
@@ -213,31 +216,29 @@ detailed version information is printed as given by Go modules.
 For more details about the full version string, see the Go module
 documentation: https://go.dev/doc/modules/version-numbers
 `,
+		Func: cmdVersion,
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "list-modules",
-		Func:  cmdListModules,
-		Usage: "[--packages] [--versions]",
+		Usage: "[--packages] [--versions] [--skip-standard]",
 		Short: "Lists the installed Caddy modules",
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("list-modules", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.Bool("packages", false, "Print package paths")
-			fs.Bool("versions", false, "Print version information")
-			fs.Bool("skip-standard", false, "Skip printing standard modules")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("packages", "", false, "Print package paths")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("versions", "", false, "Print version information")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("skip-standard", "s", false, "Skip printing standard modules")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdListModules)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "build-info",
-		Func:  cmdBuildInfo,
 		Short: "Prints information about this build",
+		Func:  cmdBuildInfo,
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "environ",
-		Func:  cmdEnviron,
 		Short: "Prints the environment",
 		Long: `
 Prints the environment as seen by this Caddy process.
@@ -257,11 +258,11 @@ by adding the "--environ" flag.
 
 Environments may contain sensitive data.
 `,
+		Func: cmdEnviron,
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "adapt",
-		Func:  cmdAdaptConfig,
 		Usage: "--config <path> [--adapter <name>] [--pretty] [--validate]",
 		Short: "Adapts a configuration to Caddy's native JSON",
 		Long: `
@@ -273,38 +274,40 @@ for human readability.
 
 If --validate is used, the adapted config will be checked for validity.
 If the config is invalid, an error will be printed to stderr and a non-
-zero exit status will be returned.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("adapt", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("config", "", "Configuration file to adapt (required)")
-			fs.String("adapter", "caddyfile", "Name of config adapter")
-			fs.Bool("pretty", false, "Format the output for human readability")
-			fs.Bool("validate", false, "Validate the output")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+zero exit status will be returned.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file to adapt (required)")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("adapter", "a", "caddyfile", "Name of config adapter")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("pretty", "p", false, "Format the output for human readability")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("validate", "", false, "Validate the output")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdAdaptConfig)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "validate",
-		Func:  cmdValidateConfig,
-		Usage: "--config <path> [--adapter <name>]",
+		Usage: "--config <path> [--adapter <name>] [--envfile <path>]",
 		Short: "Tests whether a configuration file is valid",
 		Long: `
 Loads and provisions the provided config, but does not start running it.
 This reveals any errors with the configuration through the loading and
-provisioning stages.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("validate", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("config", "", "Input configuration file")
-			fs.String("adapter", "", "Name of config adapter")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+provisioning stages.
+
+If --envfile is specified, an environment file with environment variables in
+the KEY=VALUE format will be loaded into the Caddy process.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Input configuration file")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("adapter", "a", "", "Name of config adapter")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("envfile", "", "", "Environment file to load")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdValidateConfig)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "fmt",
-		Func:  cmdFmt,
-		Usage: "[--overwrite] [<path>]",
+		Usage: "[--overwrite] [--diff] [<path>]",
 		Short: "Formats a Caddyfile",
 		Long: `
 Formats the Caddyfile by adding proper indentation and spaces to improve
@@ -320,32 +323,30 @@ is not a valid patch format.
 
 If you wish you use stdin instead of a regular file, use - as the path.
 When reading from stdin, the --overwrite flag has no effect: the result
-is always printed to stdout.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("fmt", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.Bool("overwrite", false, "Overwrite the input file with the results")
-			fs.Bool("diff", false, "Print the differences between the input file and the formatted output")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+is always printed to stdout.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("overwrite", "w", false, "Overwrite the input file with the results")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("diff", "d", false, "Print the differences between the input file and the formatted output")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdFmt)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "upgrade",
-		Func:  cmdUpgrade,
 		Short: "Upgrade Caddy (EXPERIMENTAL)",
 		Long: `
 Downloads an updated Caddy binary with the same modules/plugins at the
-latest versions. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("upgrade", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.Bool("keep-backup", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+latest versions. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
+`,
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("keep-backup", "k", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdUpgrade)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "add-package",
-		Func:  cmdAddPackage,
 		Usage: "<packages...>",
 		Short: "Adds Caddy packages (EXPERIMENTAL)",
 		Long: `
@@ -353,11 +354,10 @@ Downloads an updated Caddy binary with the specified packages (module/plugin)
 added. Retains existing packages. Returns an error if the any of packages are 
 already included. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 `,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("add-package", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.Bool("keep-backup", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("keep-backup", "k", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdAddPackage)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
@@ -370,31 +370,14 @@ Downloads an updated Caddy binaries without the specified packages (module/plugi
 Returns an error if any of the packages are not included. 
 EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 `,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("remove-package", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.Bool("keep-backup", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("keep-backup", "k", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdRemovePackage)
+		},
 	})
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
-		Name: "manpage",
-		Func: func(fl Flags) (int, error) {
-			dir := strings.TrimSpace(fl.String("directory"))
-			if dir == "" {
-				return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, fmt.Errorf("designated output directory and specified section are required")
-			}
-			if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
-				return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
-			}
-			if err := doc.GenManTree(rootCmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
-				Title:   "Caddy",
-				Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
-			}, dir); err != nil {
-				return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
-			}
-			return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
-		},
+		Name:  "manpage",
 		Usage: "--directory <path>",
 		Short: "Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands",
 		Long: `
@@ -404,11 +387,25 @@ tagged into section 8 (System Administration).
 The manual page files are generated into the directory specified by the
 argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 `,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("manpage", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("directory", "", "The output directory where the manpages are generated")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("directory", "o", "", "The output directory where the manpages are generated")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(func(fl Flags) (int, error) {
+				dir := strings.TrimSpace(fl.String("directory"))
+				if dir == "" {
+					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, fmt.Errorf("designated output directory and specified section are required")
+				}
+				if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
+					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
+				}
+				if err := doc.GenManTree(rootCmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
+					Title:   "Caddy",
+					Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
+				}, dir); err != nil {
+					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
+				}
+				return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
+			})
+		},
 	})
 
 	// source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/shell_completions.md
@@ -456,7 +453,7 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 	`, rootCmd.Root().Name()),
 		DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
 		ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
-		Args:                  cobra.ExactValidArgs(1),
+		Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			switch args[0] {
 			case "bash":
@@ -492,7 +489,7 @@ func RegisterCommand(cmd Command) {
 	if cmd.Name == "" {
 		panic("command name is required")
 	}
-	if cmd.Func == nil {
+	if cmd.Func == nil && cmd.CobraFunc == nil {
 		panic("command function missing")
 	}
 	if cmd.Short == "" {
@@ -504,7 +501,7 @@ func RegisterCommand(cmd Command) {
 	if !commandNameRegex.MatchString(cmd.Name) {
 		panic("invalid command name")
 	}
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCoral(cmd))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
 }
 
 var commandNameRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9]$|^([a-z0-9]+-?[a-z0-9]*)+[a-z0-9]$`)

cmd/main.go

@@ -374,18 +374,19 @@ func parseEnvFile(envInput io.Reader) (map[string]string, error) {
 		}
 
 		// quoted value: support newlines
-		if strings.HasPrefix(val, `"`) {
-			for !(strings.HasSuffix(line, `"`) && !strings.HasSuffix(line, `\"`)) {
-				val = strings.ReplaceAll(val, `\"`, `"`)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(val, `"`) || strings.HasPrefix(val, "'") {
+			quote := string(val[0])
+			for !(strings.HasSuffix(line, quote) && !strings.HasSuffix(line, `\`+quote)) {
+				val = strings.ReplaceAll(val, `\`+quote, quote)
 				if !scanner.Scan() {
 					break
 				}
 				lineNumber++
-				line = strings.ReplaceAll(scanner.Text(), `\"`, `"`)
+				line = strings.ReplaceAll(scanner.Text(), `\`+quote, quote)
 				val += "\n" + line
 			}
-			val = strings.TrimPrefix(val, `"`)
-			val = strings.TrimSuffix(val, `"`)
+			val = strings.TrimPrefix(val, quote)
+			val = strings.TrimSuffix(val, quote)
 		}
 
 		envMap[key] = val

context.go

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (any, error
 
 	// fill in its config only if there is a config to fill in
 	if len(rawMsg) > 0 {
-		err := strictUnmarshalJSON(rawMsg, &val)
+		err := StrictUnmarshalJSON(rawMsg, &val)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding module config: %s: %v", modInfo, err)
 		}
@@ -426,15 +426,20 @@ func (ctx Context) App(name string) (any, error) {
 	return modVal, nil
 }
 
-// AppIsConfigured returns whether an app named name has been
-// configured. Can be called before calling App() to avoid
+// AppIfConfigured returns an app by its name if it has been
+// configured. Can be called instead of App() to avoid
 // instantiating an empty app when that's not desirable.
-func (ctx Context) AppIsConfigured(name string) bool {
-	if _, ok := ctx.cfg.apps[name]; ok {
-		return true
+func (ctx Context) AppIfConfigured(name string) (any, error) {
+	app, ok := ctx.cfg.apps[name]
+	if !ok || app == nil {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	appRaw := ctx.cfg.AppsRaw[name]
-	return appRaw != nil
+
+	appModule, err := ctx.App(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return appModule, nil
 }
 
 // Storage returns the configured Caddy storage implementation.

go.mod

@@ -1,94 +1,106 @@
 module github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2
 
-go 1.18
+go 1.19
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0
-	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.2
-	github.com/alecthomas/chroma v0.10.0
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.1
+	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.5.0
 	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b
 	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.17.2
-	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1-0.20200219035652-afde56e7acac
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/go-chi/chi v4.1.2+incompatible
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.12.5
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.13.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.11
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.1.1
-	github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go v0.29.2
-	github.com/mholt/acmez v1.0.4
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.2
-	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.22.1
-	github.com/smallstep/cli v0.22.0
-	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.4.0
-	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.12.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.5.0
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.16.0
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.4
+	github.com/mastercactapus/proxyprotocol v0.0.4
+	github.com/mholt/acmez v1.1.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.14.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.33.0
+	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.23.2
+	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.0
+	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.12.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.6.1
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
-	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20220316030059-54bbcb9f74e2
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.5.2
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting v0.0.0-20220208100518-594be1970594
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.34.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.9.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.4.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.4.0
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.23.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812165438-1d4ff48094d1
-	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220617124728-180714bec0ad
-	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.0.0
+	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20230124224810-c6dc1f4049b2
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.5.4
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting/v2 v2.0.0-20220924101305-151362477c87
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.40.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.40.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.14.0
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.7.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.8.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.6.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4
+	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20220722155223-a9213eeb770e // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20210407192527-94a9f03dee38 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qtls-go1-19 v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qtls-go1-20 v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/aws v1.15.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.15.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.15.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.15.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221205204356-47842c84f3db // indirect
 )
 
 require (
-	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.0.0-rc.1 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/antlr/antlr4/runtime/Go/antlr v0.0.0-20220418222510-f25a4f6275ed // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/antlr/antlr4/runtime/Go/antlr v1.4.10 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v0.0.0-20180603132655-2972be24d48e // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
-	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.0.4-0.20200906165740-41ebdbffecfd // indirect
+	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.10.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20210107165309-348f09dbbbc0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0 // indirect
-	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
-	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/chunkreader/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgconn v1.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgconn v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgio v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20200714003250-2b9c44734f2b // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.9.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.14.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20221227161230-091c0ba34f0a // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.14.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
-	github.com/marten-seemann/qpack v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/marten-seemann/qtls-go1-18 v0.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/marten-seemann/qtls-go1-19 v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.8 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.13 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1 // indirect
@@ -98,41 +110,37 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/nxadm/tail v1.4.8 // indirect
-	github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.16.4 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.3 // indirect
-	github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.37.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rs/xid v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect
-	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.5 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6 // indirect
+	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.12 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.7 // indirect
 	go.mozilla.org/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20210826202110-33d05740a352 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/internal/retry v1.4.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.4.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.9.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.12.0 // indirect
-	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.7.4 // indirect
-	go.step.sm/crypto v0.18.0 // indirect
-	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.18.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/internal/retry v1.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.37.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.19.0 // indirect
+	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.7.5 // indirect
+	go.step.sm/crypto v0.23.2
+	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.19.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220106191415-9b9b3d81d5e3 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220728004956-3c1f35247d10
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.8-0.20211004125949-5bd84dd9b33b // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.10 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220609144429-65e65417b02f // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.47.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/multierr v1.9.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.53.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -13,18 +13,19 @@ cloud.google.com/go v0.56.0/go.mod h1:jr7tqZxxKOVYizybht9+26Z/gUq7tiRzu+ACVAMbKV
 cloud.google.com/go v0.57.0/go.mod h1:oXiQ6Rzq3RAkkY7N6t3TcE6jE+CIBBbA36lwQ1JyzZs=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.62.0/go.mod h1:jmCYTdRCQuc1PHIIJ/maLInMho30T/Y0M4hTdTShOYc=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.65.0/go.mod h1:O5N8zS7uWy9vkA9vayVHs65eM1ubvY4h553ofrNHObY=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.100.2 h1:t9Iw5QH5v4XtlEQaCtUY7x6sCABps8sW0acw7e2WQ6Y=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.110.0 h1:Zc8gqp3+a9/Eyph2KDmcGaPtbKRIoqq4YTlL4NMD0Ys=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.0.1/go.mod h1:i/xbL2UlR5RvWAURpBYZTtm/cXjCha9lbfbpx4poX+o=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.3.0/go.mod h1:PjpwJnslEMmckchkHFfq+HTD2DmtT67aNFKH1/VBDHE=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.4.0/go.mod h1:S8dzgnTigyfTmLBfrtrhyYhwRxG72rYxvftPBK2Dvzc=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.5.0/go.mod h1:snEHRnqQbz117VIFhE8bmtwIDY80NLUZUMb4Nv6dBIg=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.7.0/go.mod h1://okPTzCYNXSlb24MZs83e2Do+h+VXtc4gLoIoXIAPc=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.8.0/go.mod h1:J5hqkt3O0uAFnINi6JXValWIb1v0goeZM77hZzJN/fQ=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.6.1 h1:2sMmt8prCn7DPaG4Pmh0N3Inmc8cT8ae5k1M6VJ9Wqc=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.18.0 h1:FEigFqoDbys2cvFkZ9Fjq4gnHBP55anJ0yQyau2f9oY=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3 h1:mg4jlk7mCAj6xXp9UJ4fjI9VUI5rubuGBW5aJ7UnBMY=
 cloud.google.com/go/datastore v1.0.0/go.mod h1:LXYbyblFSglQ5pkeyhO+Qmw7ukd3C+pD7TKLgZqpHYE=
 cloud.google.com/go/datastore v1.1.0/go.mod h1:umbIZjpQpHh4hmRpGhH4tLFup+FVzqBi1b3c64qFpCk=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v0.1.0 h1:W2vbGCrE3Z7J/x3WXLxxGl9LMSB2uhsAA7Ss/6u/qRY=
-cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.4.0 h1:iElbfoE61VeLhnZcGOltqL8HIly8Nhbe5t6JlH9GXjo=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v0.12.0 h1:DRtTY29b75ciH6Ov1PHb4/iat2CLCvrOm40Q0a6DFpE=
+cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.9.0 h1:b0votJQa/9DSsxgHwN33/tTLA7ZHVzfWhDCrfiXijSo=
 cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.0.1/go.mod h1:R0Gpsv3s54REJCy4fxDixWD93lHJMoZTyQ2kNxGRt3I=
 cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EwwdRX2sKPjnvnqCa270oGRyludottCI76h+R3AArQw=
 cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jhfEVHT8odbXTkndysNHCcx0awwzvfOlguIAii9o8iA=
@@ -35,40 +36,47 @@ cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.6.0/go.mod h1:N7U0C8pVQ/+NIKOBQyamJIeKQKkZ+mxpohl
 cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.8.0/go.mod h1:Wv1Oy7z6Yz3DshWRJFhqM/UCfaWIRTdp0RXyy7KQOVs=
 cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.10.0/go.mod h1:FLPqc6j+Ki4BU591ie1oL6qBQGu2Bl/tZ9ullr3+Kg0=
 dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20190408044501-666a987793e9/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.0.0-rc.1 h1:m0VOOB23frXZvAOK44usCgLWvtsxIoMCTBGJZlpmGfU=
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.0.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:N1IkdkCkiLB6tki+MYJoSx2JTY9NUlxZE7eHn5EwJns=
+filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.0.0 h1:0wAIcmJUqRdI8IJ/3eGi5/HwXZWPujYXXlkrQogz0Ek=
+filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:N1IkdkCkiLB6tki+MYJoSx2JTY9NUlxZE7eHn5EwJns=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIoKjsnZuH8vjyaysT/ses3EvZeaV/1UkF2M=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0 h1:Rt8g24XnyGTyglgET/PRUNlrUeu9F5L+7FilkXfZgs0=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0/go.mod h1:CxXYINrC8qIiEnFrOxCa7Jy5BFHlXnUU2pbicEuybxQ=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.1 h1:9F2/+DoOYIOksmaJFPw1tGFy1eDnIJXg+UHjuD8lTak=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.1/go.mod h1:CxXYINrC8qIiEnFrOxCa7Jy5BFHlXnUU2pbicEuybxQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
 github.com/Knetic/govaluate v3.0.1-0.20171022003610-9aa49832a739+incompatible/go.mod h1:r7JcOSlj0wfOMncg0iLm8Leh48TZaKVeNIfJntJ2wa0=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.0/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 h1:5nUrii3FMTL5diU80unEVvNevw1nH4+ZV4DSLVJLSYI=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
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@@ -189,19 +196,20 @@ github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2
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@@ -214,6 +222,8 @@ github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.1.1/go.mod h1:r8qH/GZQm5c6nD/R0oafs1akxWv10x8SbQlK7a
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@@ -251,8 +261,8 @@ github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 h1:yAGX7huGHXlcLOEtBnF4w7FQwA26wojNCwOYAEhLjQM=
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@@ -264,8 +274,7 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
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@@ -276,16 +285,18 @@ github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20200212024743-f11f1df84d12/go.mod h1:ZgVRPoUq/hf
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@@ -297,8 +308,9 @@ github.com/groob/finalizer v0.0.0-20170707115354-4c2ed49aabda/go.mod h1:MyndkAZd
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@@ -320,18 +332,21 @@ github.com/hashicorp/logutils v1.0.0/go.mod h1:QIAnNjmIWmVIIkWDTG1z5v++HQmx9WQRO
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@@ -343,8 +358,8 @@ github.com/jackc/pgconn v0.0.0-20190831204454-2fabfa3c18b7/go.mod h1:ZJKsE/KZfsU
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@@ -360,26 +375,27 @@ github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.0.0-rc3/go.mod h1:ryONWYqW6dqSg1Lw6vXNMXoBJhpzvW
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-go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6/go.mod h1:qXsaaIqmgQH0T+OPdb99Bf+PKfBBQVAdyD6TY9G8XM4=
+go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.7 h1:j+zJOnnEjF/kyHlDDgGnVL/AIqIJPq8UoB2GSNfkUfQ=
+go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.7/go.mod h1:N9Mkw9X8x5fupy0IKsmuqVtoGDyxsaDlbk4Rd05IAQw=
 go.etcd.io/etcd v0.0.0-20191023171146-3cf2f69b5738/go.mod h1:dnLIgRNXwCJa5e+c6mIZCrds/GIG4ncV9HhK5PX7jPg=
 go.mozilla.org/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20210730143726-725912489c62/go.mod h1:SNgMg+EgDFwmvSmLRTNKC5fegJjB7v23qTQ0XLGUNHk=
 go.mozilla.org/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20210826202110-33d05740a352 h1:CCriYyAfq1Br1aIYettdHZTy8mBTIPo7We18TuO/bak=
@@ -677,57 +697,61 @@ go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.2/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.3/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.4/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
-go.opencensus.io v0.23.0 h1:gqCw0LfLxScz8irSi8exQc7fyQ0fKQU/qnC/X8+V/1M=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.34.0 h1:9NkMW03wwEzPtP/KciZ4Ozu/Uz5ZA7kfqXJIObnrjGU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.34.0/go.mod h1:548ZsYzmT4PL4zWKRd8q/N4z0Wxzn/ZxUE+lkEpwWQA=
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-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.9.0 h1:8WZNQFIB2a71LnANS9JeyidJKKGOOremcUtb/OtHISw=
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-go.uber.org/zap v1.21.0/go.mod h1:wjWOCqI0f2ZZrJF/UufIOkiC8ii6tm1iqIsLo76RfJw=
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+go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0/go.mod h1:2kMP+WWQ8aoFoedH3T2sq6iJ2yDWpHbP0f6MQbS9Gkg=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181029021203-45a5f77698d3/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181203042331-505ab145d0a9/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
@@ -744,8 +768,11 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200728195943-123391ffb6de/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPh
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201203163018-be400aefbc4c/go.mod h1:jdWPYTVW3xRLrWPugEBEK3UY2ZEsg3UU495nc5E+M+I=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210616213533-5ff15b29337e/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa h1:zuSxTR4o9y82ebqCUJYNGJbGPo6sKVl54f/TVDObg1c=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa/go.mod h1:IxCIyHEi3zRg3s0A5j5BB6A9Jmi73HwBIUl50j+osU4=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0/go.mod h1:hebNnKkNXi2UzZN1eVRvBB7co0a+JxK6XbPiWVs/3J4=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.6.0/go.mod h1:OFC/31mSvZgRz0V1QTNCzfAI1aIRzbiufJtkMIlEp58=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.7.0 h1:AvwMYaRytfdeVt3u6mLaxYtErKYjxA2OXjJ1HHq6t3A=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pYwdfH91IfpZVANVyUOhSIPZaFoJGxTFbZhFTx+dXZU=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@@ -756,8 +783,8 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20191227195350-da58074b4299/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u0
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200119233911-0405dc783f0a/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u096TMicItID8zy7Y6sNkU49FU4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200207192155-f17229e696bd/go.mod h1:J/WKrq2StrnmMY6+EHIKF9dgMWnmCNThgcyBT1FY9mM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200224162631-6cc2880d07d6/go.mod h1:3jZMyOhIsHpP37uCMkUooju7aAi5cS1Q23tOzKc+0MU=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20220722155223-a9213eeb770e h1:+WEEuIdZHnUeJJmEUjyYC2gfUMj69yZXw17EnHg/otA=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20220722155223-a9213eeb770e/go.mod h1:Kr81I6Kryrl9sr8s2FK3vxD90NdsKWRuOIl2O4CvYbA=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221205204356-47842c84f3db h1:D/cFflL63o2KSLJIwjlcIt8PR064j/xsmdEJL/YvY/o=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221205204356-47842c84f3db/go.mod h1:CxIveKay+FTh1D0yPZemJVgC/95VzuuOLq5Qi4xnoYc=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190227222117-0694c2d4d067/go.mod h1:kZ7UVZpmo3dzQBMxlp+ypCbDeSB+sBbTgSJuh5dn5js=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190802002840-cff245a6509b/go.mod h1:FeLwcggjj3mMvU+oOTbSwawSJRM1uh48EjtB4UJZlP0=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
@@ -779,8 +806,9 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.1.1-0.20191107180719-034126e5016b/go.mod h1:QqPTAvyqsEbceGzB
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
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 golang.org/x/mod v0.4.2/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
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@@ -812,26 +840,30 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200324143707-d3edc9973b7e/go.mod h1:qpuaurCH72eLCgpAm/
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200501053045-e0ff5e5a1de5/go.mod h1:qpuaurCH72eLCgpAm/N6yyVIVM9cpaDIP3A8BGJEC5A=
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@@ -840,10 +872,11 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
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@@ -868,11 +901,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190626221950-04f50cda93cb/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190726091711-fc99dfbffb4e/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@@ -926,8 +959,10 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.4/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.8-0.20211004125949-5bd84dd9b33b h1:NXqSWXSRUSCaFuvitrWtU169I3876zRTalMRbfd6LL0=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.8-0.20211004125949-5bd84dd9b33b/go.mod h1:EFNZuWvGYxIRUEX+K8UmCFwYmZjqcrnq15ZuVldZkZ0=
+golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.8.0 h1:57P1ETyNKtuIjB4SRd15iJxuhj8Gc416Y78H3qgMh68=
+golang.org/x/text v0.8.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20180412165947-fbb02b2291d2/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
@@ -980,20 +1015,17 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200618134242-20370b0cb4b2/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roY
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200729194436-6467de6f59a7/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc6FUM5FLjQPp3cFF28FI3qnDFljA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200804011535-6c149bb5ef0d/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc6FUM5FLjQPp3cFF28FI3qnDFljA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200825202427-b303f430e36d/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc6FUM5FLjQPp3cFF28FI3qnDFljA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201224043029-2b0845dc783e/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.5/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.6-0.20210726203631-07bc1bf47fb2/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.10 h1:QjFRCZxdOhBJ/UNgnBZLbNV13DlbnK0quyivTnXJM20=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.10/go.mod h1:Uh6Zz+xoGYZom868N8YTex3t7RhtHDBrE8Gzo9bV56E=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0 h1:BOw41kyTf3PuCW1pVQf8+Cyg8pMlkYB1oo9iJ6D/lKM=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190410155217-1f06c39b4373/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190513163551-3ee3066db522/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220609144429-65e65417b02f h1:uF6paiQQebLeSXkrTqHqz0MXhXXS1KgF41eUdBNvxK0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220609144429-65e65417b02f/go.mod h1:K8+ghG5WaK9qNqU5K3HdILfMLy1f3aNYFI/wnl100a8=
 google.golang.org/api v0.3.1/go.mod h1:6wY9I6uQWHQ8EM57III9mq/AjF+i8G65rmVagqKMtkk=
 google.golang.org/api v0.4.0/go.mod h1:8k5glujaEP+g9n7WNsDg8QP6cUVNI86fCNMcbazEtwE=
 google.golang.org/api v0.7.0/go.mod h1:WtwebWUNSVBH/HAw79HIFXZNqEvBhG+Ra+ax0hx3E3M=
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@ google.golang.org/api v0.24.0/go.mod h1:lIXQywCXRcnZPGlsd8NbLnOjtAoL6em04bJ9+z0M
 google.golang.org/api v0.28.0/go.mod h1:lIXQywCXRcnZPGlsd8NbLnOjtAoL6em04bJ9+z0MncE=
 google.golang.org/api v0.29.0/go.mod h1:Lcubydp8VUV7KeIHD9z2Bys/sm/vGKnG1UHuDBSrHWM=
 google.golang.org/api v0.30.0/go.mod h1:QGmEvQ87FHZNiUVJkT14jQNYJ4ZJjdRF23ZXz5138Fc=
-google.golang.org/api v0.84.0 h1:NMB9J4cCxs9xEm+1Z9QiO3eFvn7EnQj3Eo3hN6ugVlg=
+google.golang.org/api v0.108.0 h1:WVBc/faN0DkKtR43Q/7+tPny9ZoLZdIiAyG5Q9vFClg=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EbEs0AVv82hx2wNQdGPgUI5lhzA/G0D9YwlJXL52JkM=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
@@ -1051,8 +1083,9 @@ google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200618031413-b414f8b61790/go.mod h1:jDfRM7Fc
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200729003335-053ba62fc06f/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200804131852-c06518451d9c/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200825200019-8632dd797987/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220617124728-180714bec0ad h1:kqrS+lhvaMHCxul6sKQvKJ8nAAhlVItmZV822hYFH/U=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220617124728-180714bec0ad/go.mod h1:KEWEmljWE5zPzLBa/oHl6DaEt9LmfH6WtH1OHIvleBA=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20211118181313-81c1377c94b1/go.mod h1:5CzLGKJ67TSI2B9POpiiyGha0AjJvZIUgRMt1dSmuhc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4 h1:DdoeryqhaXp1LtT/emMP1BRJPHHKFi5akj/nbx/zNTA=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4/go.mod h1:NWraEVixdDnqcqQ30jipen1STv2r/n24Wb7twVTGR4s=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.17.0/go.mod h1:6QZJwpn2B+Zp71q/5VxRsJ6NXXVCE5NRUHRo+f3cWCs=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.0/go.mod h1:chYK+tFQF0nDUGJgXMSgLCQk3phJEuONr2DCgLDdAQM=
@@ -1072,11 +1105,10 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.30.0/go.mod h1:N36X2cJ7JwdamYAgDz+s+rVMFjt3numwzf/HckM
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.31.0/go.mod h1:N36X2cJ7JwdamYAgDz+s+rVMFjt3numwzf/HckM8pak=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.43.0/go.mod h1:k+4IHHFw41K8+bbowsex27ge2rCb65oeWqe4jJ590SU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.44.0/go.mod h1:k+4IHHFw41K8+bbowsex27ge2rCb65oeWqe4jJ590SU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.47.0 h1:9n77onPX5F3qfFCqjy9dhn8PbNQsIKeVU04J9G7umt8=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.47.0/go.mod h1:vN9eftEi1UMyUsIF80+uQXhHjbXYbm0uXoFCACuMGWk=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.40.0/go.mod h1:ogyxbiOoUXAkP+4+xa6PZSE9DZgIHtSpzjDTB9KAK34=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.42.0/go.mod h1:k+4IHHFw41K8+bbowsex27ge2rCb65oeWqe4jJ590SU=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.53.0 h1:LAv2ds7cmFV/XTS3XG1NneeENYrXGmorPxsBbptIjNc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.53.0/go.mod h1:OnIrk0ipVdj4N5d9IUoFUx72/VlD7+jUsHwZgwSMQpw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@@ -1090,25 +1122,24 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlba
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0 h1:w43yiav+6bVFTBQFZX0r7ipe9JQ1QsbMgHwbBziscLw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 h1:d0NfwRgPtno5B1Wa6L2DAG+KivqkdutMf1UhdNx175w=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 h1:YR8cESwS4TdDjEe65xsg0ogRM/Nc3DYOhEAlW+xobZo=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
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 gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1 v1.0.25/go.mod h1:V/YB90LKu/1FcN3WVnfiiE5oMCibMjukxqG/qStrOgw=
 gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
 gopkg.in/fsnotify.v1 v1.4.7/go.mod h1:Tz8NjZHkW78fSQdbUxIjBTcgA1z1m8ZHf0WmKUhAMys=
 gopkg.in/gcfg.v1 v1.2.3/go.mod h1:yesOnuUOFQAhST5vPY4nbZsb/huCgGGXlipJsBn0b3o=
 gopkg.in/inconshreveable/log15.v2 v2.0.0-20180818164646-67afb5ed74ec/go.mod h1:aPpfJ7XW+gOuirDoZ8gHhLh3kZ1B08FtV2bbmy7Jv3s=
-gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.0.0 h1:1Lc07Kr7qY4U2YPouBjpCLxpiyxIVoxqXgkXLknAOE8=
-gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:l0ndWWf7gzL7RNwBG7wST/UCcT4T24xpD6X8LsfU/+k=
+gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 h1:bBRl1b0OH9s/DuPhuXpNl+VtCaJXFZ5/uEFST95x9zc=
+gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:YD8tP3GAjkrDg1eZH7EGmyESg/lsYskCTPBJVb9jqSc=
 gopkg.in/resty.v1 v1.12.0/go.mod h1:mDo4pnntr5jdWRML875a/NmxYqAlA73dVijT2AXvQQo=
 gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.5.1/go.mod h1:M9dMgbHiYLoDGQrXy7OpJDJWiKiU//h+vD76mk0e1AI=
 gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0 h1:NGk74WTnPKBNUhNzQX7PYcTLUjoq7mzKk2OKbvwk2iI=
 gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0/go.mod h1:M9dMgbHiYLoDGQrXy7OpJDJWiKiU//h+vD76mk0e1AI=
-gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7 h1:uRGJdciOHaEIrze2W8Q3AKkepLTh2hOroT7a+7czfdQ=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWDmTeBkI65Dw0HsyUHuEVlX15mw=
 gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2/go.mod h1:jksf8JmL6Qr/oQM2OXTHunEvvTAsrWBLb6OOjuVWRNI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0/go.mod h1:WDnlLJ4WF5VGsH/HVa3CI79GS0ol3YnhVnKP89i0kNg=
@@ -1118,12 +1149,10 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.5/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20180728063816-88497007e858/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
@@ -1134,7 +1163,6 @@ honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWh
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.3/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.4/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
-howett.net/plist v0.0.0-20181124034731-591f970eefbb/go.mod h1:vMygbs4qMhSZSc4lCUl2OEE+rDiIIJAIdR4m7MiMcm0=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0 h1:7CrbWYbPPO/PyNy38b2EB/+gYbjCe2DXBxgtOOZbSQM=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
 rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:qTv7/COck+e2FymRvadv62gMdZztPaShugOCi3I+8D8=

listen.go

@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-// TODO: Go 1.19 introduced the "unix" build tag. We have to support Go 1.18 until Go 1.20 is released.
-// When Go 1.19 is our minimum, change this build tag to simply "!unix".
-// (see similar change needed in listen_unix.go)
-//go:build !(aix || android || darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || hurd || illumos || ios || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris)
+//go:build !unix
 
 package caddy
 

listen_unix.go

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-// TODO: Go 1.19 introduced the "unix" build tag. We have to support Go 1.18 until Go 1.20 is released.
-// When Go 1.19 is our minimum, remove this build tag, since "_unix" in the filename will do this.
-// (see also change needed in listen.go)
-//go:build aix || android || darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || hurd || illumos || ios || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+// Even though the filename ends in _unix.go, we still have to specify the
+// build constraint here, because the filename convention only works for
+// literal GOOS values, and "unix" is a shortcut unique to build tags.
+//go:build unix
 
 package caddy
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import (
 // reuseUnixSocket copies and reuses the unix domain socket (UDS) if we already
 // have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it. No-op if not a unix network.
 func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
-	if !isUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if !IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
@@ -98,12 +98,24 @@ func listenTCPOrUnix(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 		}
 		return reusePort(network, address, c)
 	}
-	return config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+
+	// even though SO_REUSEPORT lets us bind the socket multiple times,
+	// we still put it in the listenerPool so we can count how many
+	// configs are using this socket; necessary to ensure we can know
+	// whether to enforce shutdown delays, for example (see #5393).
+	ln, err := config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+	if err == nil {
+		listenerPool.LoadOrStore(lnKey, nil)
+	}
+
+	// lightly wrap the listener so that when it is closed,
+	// we can decrement the usage pool counter
+	return deleteListener{ln, lnKey}, err
 }
 
 // reusePort sets SO_REUSEPORT. Ineffective for unix sockets.
 func reusePort(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
-	if isUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return conn.Control(func(descriptor uintptr) {
@@ -116,3 +128,17 @@ func reusePort(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+// deleteListener is a type that simply deletes itself
+// from the listenerPool when it closes. It is used
+// solely for the purpose of reference counting (i.e.
+// counting how many configs are using a given socket).
+type deleteListener struct {
+	net.Listener
+	lnKey string
+}
+
+func (dl deleteListener) Close() error {
+	_, _ = listenerPool.Delete(dl.lnKey)
+	return dl.Listener.Close()
+}

listeners.go

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go"
-	"github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go/http3"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net
 // IsUnixNetwork returns true if na.Network is
 // unix, unixgram, or unixpacket.
 func (na NetworkAddress) IsUnixNetwork() bool {
-	return isUnixNetwork(na.Network)
+	return IsUnixNetwork(na.Network)
 }
 
 // JoinHostPort is like net.JoinHostPort, but where the port
@@ -289,8 +289,9 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) String() string {
 	return JoinNetworkAddress(na.Network, na.Host, na.port())
 }
 
-func isUnixNetwork(netw string) bool {
-	return netw == "unix" || netw == "unixgram" || netw == "unixpacket"
+// IsUnixNetwork returns true if the netw is a unix network.
+func IsUnixNetwork(netw string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "unix")
 }
 
 // ParseNetworkAddress parses addr into its individual
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ func ParseNetworkAddress(addr string) (NetworkAddress, error) {
 	if network == "" {
 		network = "tcp"
 	}
-	if isUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 		return NetworkAddress{
 			Network: network,
 			Host:    host,
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ func SplitNetworkAddress(a string) (network, host, port string, err error) {
 		network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(beforeSlash))
 		a = afterSlash
 	}
-	if isUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 		host = a
 		return
 	}
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	if network != "" {
 		a = network + "/"
 	}
-	if (host != "" && port == "") || isUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 		a += host
 	} else if port != "" {
 		a += net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
@@ -440,6 +441,7 @@ func ListenQUIC(ln net.PacketConn, tlsConf *tls.Config, activeRequests *int64) (
 
 	sharedEarlyListener, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
 		earlyLn, err := quic.ListenEarly(ln, http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(tlsConf), &quic.Config{
+			Allow0RTT: func(net.Addr) bool { return true },
 			RequireAddressValidation: func(clientAddr net.Addr) bool {
 				var highLoad bool
 				if activeRequests != nil {
@@ -462,7 +464,7 @@ func ListenQUIC(ln net.PacketConn, tlsConf *tls.Config, activeRequests *int64) (
 	// of closes) because closing the quic.EarlyListener doesn't actually close
 	// the underlying PacketConn, but we need to for unix sockets since we dup
 	// the file descriptor and thus need to close the original; track issue:
-	// https://github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go/issues/3560#issuecomment-1258959608
+	// https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go/issues/3560#issuecomment-1258959608
 	var unix *unixConn
 	if uc, ok := ln.(*unixConn); ok {
 		unix = uc

logging.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ type Logging struct {
 	// in dependencies that are not designed specifically for use
 	// in Caddy. Because it is global and unstructured, the sink
 	// lacks most advanced features and customizations.
-	Sink *StandardLibLog `json:"sink,omitempty"`
+	Sink *SinkLog `json:"sink,omitempty"`
 
 	// Logs are your logs, keyed by an arbitrary name of your
 	// choosing. The default log can be customized by defining
@@ -259,55 +259,11 @@ func (wdest writerDestructor) Destruct() error {
 	return wdest.Close()
 }
 
-// StandardLibLog configures the default Go standard library
-// global logger in the log package. This is necessary because
-// module dependencies which are not built specifically for
-// Caddy will use the standard logger. This is also known as
-// the "sink" logger.
-type StandardLibLog struct {
+// BaseLog contains the common logging parameters for logging.
+type BaseLog struct {
 	// The module that writes out log entries for the sink.
 	WriterRaw json.RawMessage `json:"writer,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=caddy.logging.writers inline_key=output"`
 
-	writer io.WriteCloser
-}
-
-func (sll *StandardLibLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
-	if sll.WriterRaw != nil {
-		mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(sll, "WriterRaw")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("loading sink log writer module: %v", err)
-		}
-		wo := mod.(WriterOpener)
-
-		var isNew bool
-		sll.writer, isNew, err = logging.openWriter(wo)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("opening sink log writer %#v: %v", mod, err)
-		}
-
-		if isNew {
-			log.Printf("[INFO] Redirecting sink to: %s", wo)
-			log.SetOutput(sll.writer)
-			log.Printf("[INFO] Redirected sink to here (%s)", wo)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// CustomLog represents a custom logger configuration.
-//
-// By default, a log will emit all log entries. Some entries
-// will be skipped if sampling is enabled. Further, the Include
-// and Exclude parameters define which loggers (by name) are
-// allowed or rejected from emitting in this log. If both Include
-// and Exclude are populated, their values must be mutually
-// exclusive, and longer namespaces have priority. If neither
-// are populated, all logs are emitted.
-type CustomLog struct {
-	// The writer defines where log entries are emitted.
-	WriterRaw json.RawMessage `json:"writer,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=caddy.logging.writers inline_key=output"`
-
 	// The encoder is how the log entries are formatted or encoded.
 	EncoderRaw json.RawMessage `json:"encoder,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=caddy.logging.encoders inline_key=format"`
 
@@ -321,16 +277,6 @@ type CustomLog struct {
 	// servers.
 	Sampling *LogSampling `json:"sampling,omitempty"`
 
-	// Include defines the names of loggers to emit in this
-	// log. For example, to include only logs emitted by the
-	// admin API, you would include "admin.api".
-	Include []string `json:"include,omitempty"`
-
-	// Exclude defines the names of loggers that should be
-	// skipped by this log. For example, to exclude only
-	// HTTP access logs, you would exclude "http.log.access".
-	Exclude []string `json:"exclude,omitempty"`
-
 	writerOpener WriterOpener
 	writer       io.WriteCloser
 	encoder      zapcore.Encoder
@@ -338,8 +284,23 @@ type CustomLog struct {
 	core         zapcore.Core
 }
 
-func (cl *CustomLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
-	// Replace placeholder for log level
+func (cl *BaseLog) provisionCommon(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
+	if cl.WriterRaw != nil {
+		mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(cl, "WriterRaw")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("loading log writer module: %v", err)
+		}
+		cl.writerOpener = mod.(WriterOpener)
+	}
+	if cl.writerOpener == nil {
+		cl.writerOpener = StderrWriter{}
+	}
+	var err error
+	cl.writer, _, err = logging.openWriter(cl.writerOpener)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("opening log writer using %#v: %v", cl.writerOpener, err)
+	}
+
 	repl := NewReplacer()
 	level, err := repl.ReplaceOrErr(cl.Level, true, true)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -365,6 +326,101 @@ func (cl *CustomLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized log level: %s", cl.Level)
 	}
 
+	if cl.EncoderRaw != nil {
+		mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(cl, "EncoderRaw")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("loading log encoder module: %v", err)
+		}
+		cl.encoder = mod.(zapcore.Encoder)
+	}
+	if cl.encoder == nil {
+		// only allow colorized output if this log is going to stdout or stderr
+		var colorize bool
+		switch cl.writerOpener.(type) {
+		case StdoutWriter, StderrWriter,
+			*StdoutWriter, *StderrWriter:
+			colorize = true
+		}
+		cl.encoder = newDefaultProductionLogEncoder(colorize)
+	}
+	cl.buildCore()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (cl *BaseLog) buildCore() {
+	// logs which only discard their output don't need
+	// to perform encoding or any other processing steps
+	// at all, so just shorcut to a nop core instead
+	if _, ok := cl.writerOpener.(*DiscardWriter); ok {
+		cl.core = zapcore.NewNopCore()
+		return
+	}
+	c := zapcore.NewCore(
+		cl.encoder,
+		zapcore.AddSync(cl.writer),
+		cl.levelEnabler,
+	)
+	if cl.Sampling != nil {
+		if cl.Sampling.Interval == 0 {
+			cl.Sampling.Interval = 1 * time.Second
+		}
+		if cl.Sampling.First == 0 {
+			cl.Sampling.First = 100
+		}
+		if cl.Sampling.Thereafter == 0 {
+			cl.Sampling.Thereafter = 100
+		}
+		c = zapcore.NewSamplerWithOptions(c, cl.Sampling.Interval,
+			cl.Sampling.First, cl.Sampling.Thereafter)
+	}
+	cl.core = c
+}
+
+// SinkLog configures the default Go standard library
+// global logger in the log package. This is necessary because
+// module dependencies which are not built specifically for
+// Caddy will use the standard logger. This is also known as
+// the "sink" logger.
+type SinkLog struct {
+	BaseLog
+}
+
+func (sll *SinkLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
+	if err := sll.provisionCommon(ctx, logging); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ctx.cleanupFuncs = append(ctx.cleanupFuncs, zap.RedirectStdLog(zap.New(sll.core)))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CustomLog represents a custom logger configuration.
+//
+// By default, a log will emit all log entries. Some entries
+// will be skipped if sampling is enabled. Further, the Include
+// and Exclude parameters define which loggers (by name) are
+// allowed or rejected from emitting in this log. If both Include
+// and Exclude are populated, their values must be mutually
+// exclusive, and longer namespaces have priority. If neither
+// are populated, all logs are emitted.
+type CustomLog struct {
+	BaseLog
+
+	// Include defines the names of loggers to emit in this
+	// log. For example, to include only logs emitted by the
+	// admin API, you would include "admin.api".
+	Include []string `json:"include,omitempty"`
+
+	// Exclude defines the names of loggers that should be
+	// skipped by this log. For example, to exclude only
+	// HTTP access logs, you would exclude "http.log.access".
+	Exclude []string `json:"exclude,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (cl *CustomLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
+	if err := cl.provisionCommon(ctx, logging); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	// If both Include and Exclude lists are populated, then each item must
 	// be a superspace or subspace of an item in the other list, because
 	// populating both lists means that any given item is either a rule
@@ -394,75 +450,9 @@ func (cl *CustomLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("when both include and exclude are populated, each element must be a superspace or subspace of one in the other list; check '%s' in include", allow)
 		}
 	}
-
-	if cl.WriterRaw != nil {
-		mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(cl, "WriterRaw")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("loading log writer module: %v", err)
-		}
-		cl.writerOpener = mod.(WriterOpener)
-	}
-	if cl.writerOpener == nil {
-		cl.writerOpener = StderrWriter{}
-	}
-
-	cl.writer, _, err = logging.openWriter(cl.writerOpener)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("opening log writer using %#v: %v", cl.writerOpener, err)
-	}
-
-	if cl.EncoderRaw != nil {
-		mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(cl, "EncoderRaw")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("loading log encoder module: %v", err)
-		}
-		cl.encoder = mod.(zapcore.Encoder)
-	}
-	if cl.encoder == nil {
-		// only allow colorized output if this log is going to stdout or stderr
-		var colorize bool
-		switch cl.writerOpener.(type) {
-		case StdoutWriter, StderrWriter,
-			*StdoutWriter, *StderrWriter:
-			colorize = true
-		}
-		cl.encoder = newDefaultProductionLogEncoder(colorize)
-	}
-
-	cl.buildCore()
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (cl *CustomLog) buildCore() {
-	// logs which only discard their output don't need
-	// to perform encoding or any other processing steps
-	// at all, so just shorcut to a nop core instead
-	if _, ok := cl.writerOpener.(*DiscardWriter); ok {
-		cl.core = zapcore.NewNopCore()
-		return
-	}
-	c := zapcore.NewCore(
-		cl.encoder,
-		zapcore.AddSync(cl.writer),
-		cl.levelEnabler,
-	)
-	if cl.Sampling != nil {
-		if cl.Sampling.Interval == 0 {
-			cl.Sampling.Interval = 1 * time.Second
-		}
-		if cl.Sampling.First == 0 {
-			cl.Sampling.First = 100
-		}
-		if cl.Sampling.Thereafter == 0 {
-			cl.Sampling.Thereafter = 100
-		}
-		c = zapcore.NewSamplerWithOptions(c, cl.Sampling.Interval,
-			cl.Sampling.First, cl.Sampling.Thereafter)
-	}
-	cl.core = c
-}
-
 func (cl *CustomLog) matchesModule(moduleID string) bool {
 	return cl.loggerAllowed(moduleID, true)
 }

modules.go

@@ -333,11 +333,11 @@ func ParseStructTag(tag string) (map[string]string, error) {
 	return results, nil
 }
 
-// strictUnmarshalJSON is like json.Unmarshal but returns an error
+// StrictUnmarshalJSON is like json.Unmarshal but returns an error
 // if any of the fields are unrecognized. Useful when decoding
 // module configurations, where you want to be more sure they're
 // correct.
-func strictUnmarshalJSON(data []byte, v any) error {
+func StrictUnmarshalJSON(data []byte, v any) error {
 	dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
 	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
 	return dec.Decode(v)

modules/caddyhttp/app.go

@@ -54,16 +54,17 @@ func init() {
 // `{http.request.duration_ms}` | Same as 'duration', but in milliseconds.
 // `{http.request.uuid}` | The request unique identifier
 // `{http.request.header.*}` | Specific request header field
-// `{http.request.host.labels.*}` | Request host labels (0-based from right); e.g. for foo.example.com: 0=com, 1=example, 2=foo
 // `{http.request.host}` | The host part of the request's Host header
+// `{http.request.host.labels.*}` | Request host labels (0-based from right); e.g. for foo.example.com: 0=com, 1=example, 2=foo
 // `{http.request.hostport}` | The host and port from the request's Host header
 // `{http.request.method}` | The request method
 // `{http.request.orig_method}` | The request's original method
+// `{http.request.orig_uri}` | The request's original URI
+// `{http.request.orig_uri.path}` | The request's original path
+// `{http.request.orig_uri.path.*}` | Parts of the original path, split by `/` (0-based from left)
 // `{http.request.orig_uri.path.dir}` | The request's original directory
 // `{http.request.orig_uri.path.file}` | The request's original filename
-// `{http.request.orig_uri.path}` | The request's original path
 // `{http.request.orig_uri.query}` | The request's original query string (without `?`)
-// `{http.request.orig_uri}` | The request's original URI
 // `{http.request.port}` | The port part of the request's Host header
 // `{http.request.proto}` | The protocol of the request
 // `{http.request.remote.host}` | The host (IP) part of the remote client's address
@@ -88,13 +89,13 @@ func init() {
 // `{http.request.tls.client.san.emails.*}` | SAN email addresses (index optional)
 // `{http.request.tls.client.san.ips.*}` | SAN IP addresses (index optional)
 // `{http.request.tls.client.san.uris.*}` | SAN URIs (index optional)
+// `{http.request.uri}` | The full request URI
+// `{http.request.uri.path}` | The path component of the request URI
 // `{http.request.uri.path.*}` | Parts of the path, split by `/` (0-based from left)
 // `{http.request.uri.path.dir}` | The directory, excluding leaf filename
 // `{http.request.uri.path.file}` | The filename of the path, excluding directory
-// `{http.request.uri.path}` | The path component of the request URI
-// `{http.request.uri.query.*}` | Individual query string value
 // `{http.request.uri.query}` | The query string (without `?`)
-// `{http.request.uri}` | The full request URI
+// `{http.request.uri.query.*}` | Individual query string value
 // `{http.response.header.*}` | Specific response header field
 // `{http.vars.*}` | Custom variables in the HTTP handler chain
 // `{http.shutting_down}` | True if the HTTP app is shutting down
@@ -222,6 +223,20 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 			srv.StrictSNIHost = &trueBool
 		}
 
+		// set up the trusted proxies source
+		for srv.TrustedProxiesRaw != nil {
+			val, err := ctx.LoadModule(srv, "TrustedProxiesRaw")
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("loading trusted proxies modules: %v", err)
+			}
+			srv.trustedProxies = val.(IPRangeSource)
+		}
+
+		// set the default client IP header to read from
+		if srv.ClientIPHeaders == nil {
+			srv.ClientIPHeaders = []string{"X-Forwarded-For"}
+		}
+
 		// process each listener address
 		for i := range srv.Listen {
 			lnOut, err := repl.ReplaceOrErr(srv.Listen[i], true, true)
@@ -342,6 +357,14 @@ func (app *App) Start() error {
 			MaxHeaderBytes:    srv.MaxHeaderBytes,
 			Handler:           srv,
 			ErrorLog:          serverLogger,
+			ConnContext: func(ctx context.Context, c net.Conn) context.Context {
+				return context.WithValue(ctx, ConnCtxKey, c)
+			},
+		}
+		h2server := &http2.Server{
+			NewWriteScheduler: func() http2.WriteScheduler {
+				return http2.NewPriorityWriteScheduler(nil)
+			},
 		}
 
 		// disable HTTP/2, which we enabled by default during provisioning
@@ -363,6 +386,9 @@ func (app *App) Start() error {
 					}
 				}
 			}
+		} else {
+			//nolint:errcheck
+			http2.ConfigureServer(srv.server, h2server)
 		}
 
 		// this TLS config is used by the std lib to choose the actual TLS config for connections
@@ -372,9 +398,6 @@ func (app *App) Start() error {
 
 		// enable H2C if configured
 		if srv.protocol("h2c") {
-			h2server := &http2.Server{
-				IdleTimeout: time.Duration(srv.IdleTimeout),
-			}
 			srv.server.Handler = h2c.NewHandler(srv, h2server)
 		}
 
@@ -441,6 +464,17 @@ func (app *App) Start() error {
 					ln = srv.listenerWrappers[i].WrapListener(ln)
 				}
 
+				// handle http2 if use tls listener wrapper
+				if useTLS {
+					http2lnWrapper := &http2Listener{
+						Listener: ln,
+						server:   srv.server,
+						h2server: h2server,
+					}
+					srv.h2listeners = append(srv.h2listeners, http2lnWrapper)
+					ln = http2lnWrapper
+				}
+
 				// if binding to port 0, the OS chooses a port for us;
 				// but the user won't know the port unless we print it
 				if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() && listenAddr.StartPort == 0 && listenAddr.EndPort == 0 {
@@ -507,7 +541,7 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 
 	// honor scheduled/delayed shutdown time
 	if delay {
-		app.logger.Debug("shutdown scheduled",
+		app.logger.Info("shutdown scheduled",
 			zap.Duration("delay_duration", time.Duration(app.ShutdownDelay)),
 			zap.Time("time", scheduledTime))
 		time.Sleep(time.Duration(app.ShutdownDelay))
@@ -518,9 +552,9 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 		var cancel context.CancelFunc
 		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(app.GracePeriod))
 		defer cancel()
-		app.logger.Debug("servers shutting down; grace period initiated", zap.Duration("duration", time.Duration(app.GracePeriod)))
+		app.logger.Info("servers shutting down; grace period initiated", zap.Duration("duration", time.Duration(app.GracePeriod)))
 	} else {
-		app.logger.Debug("servers shutting down with eternal grace period")
+		app.logger.Info("servers shutting down with eternal grace period")
 	}
 
 	// goroutines aren't guaranteed to be scheduled right away,
@@ -554,7 +588,7 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 
 		// TODO: we have to manually close our listeners because quic-go won't
 		// close listeners it didn't create along with the server itself...
-		// see https://github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go/issues/3560
+		// see https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go/issues/3560
 		for _, el := range server.h3listeners {
 			if err := el.Close(); err != nil {
 				app.logger.Error("HTTP/3 listener close",
@@ -563,19 +597,32 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// TODO: CloseGracefully, once implemented upstream (see https://github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go/issues/2103)
+		// TODO: CloseGracefully, once implemented upstream (see https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go/issues/2103)
 		if err := server.h3server.Close(); err != nil {
 			app.logger.Error("HTTP/3 server shutdown",
 				zap.Error(err),
 				zap.Strings("addresses", server.Listen))
 		}
 	}
+	stopH2Listener := func(server *Server) {
+		defer finishedShutdown.Done()
+		startedShutdown.Done()
+
+		for i, s := range server.h2listeners {
+			if err := s.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+				app.logger.Error("http2 listener shutdown",
+					zap.Error(err),
+					zap.Int("index", i))
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	for _, server := range app.Servers {
-		startedShutdown.Add(2)
-		finishedShutdown.Add(2)
+		startedShutdown.Add(3)
+		finishedShutdown.Add(3)
 		go stopServer(server)
 		go stopH3Server(server)
+		go stopH2Listener(server)
 	}
 
 	// block until all the goroutines have been run by the scheduler;

modules/caddyhttp/autohttps.go

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ uniqueDomainsLoop:
 		// one automation policy would be confusing and an error
 		if app.tlsApp.Automation != nil {
 			for _, ap := range app.tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
-				for _, apHost := range ap.Subjects {
+				for _, apHost := range ap.Subjects() {
 					if apHost == d {
 						continue uniqueDomainsLoop
 					}
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ func (app *App) createAutomationPolicies(ctx caddy.Context, internalNames []stri
 		}
 
 		// while we're here, is this the catch-all/base policy?
-		if !foundBasePolicy && len(ap.Subjects) == 0 {
+		if !foundBasePolicy && len(ap.SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
 			basePolicy = ap
 			foundBasePolicy = true
 		}
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ func (app *App) createAutomationPolicies(ctx caddy.Context, internalNames []stri
 		// rather they just want to change the CA for the set
 		// of names that would normally use the production API;
 		// anyway, that gets into the weeds a bit...
-		newPolicy.Subjects = internalNames
+		newPolicy.SubjectsRaw = internalNames
 		newPolicy.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{internalIssuer}
 		err := app.tlsApp.AddAutomationPolicy(newPolicy)
 		if err != nil {

modules/caddyhttp/caddyauth/basicauth.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ func (hba *HTTPBasicAuth) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if hba.HashCache != nil {
 		hba.HashCache.cache = make(map[string]bool)
 		hba.HashCache.mu = new(sync.RWMutex)
+		hba.HashCache.g = new(singleflight.Group)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -190,12 +192,18 @@ func (hba HTTPBasicAuth) correctPassword(account Account, plaintextPassword []by
 	if ok {
 		return same, nil
 	}
-
 	// slow track: do the expensive op, then add it to the cache
-	same, err := compare()
+	// but perform it in a singleflight group so that multiple
+	// parallel requests using the same password don't cause a
+	// thundering herd problem by all performing the same hashing
+	// operation before the first one finishes and caches it.
+	v, err, _ := hba.HashCache.g.Do(cacheKey, func() (any, error) {
+		return compare()
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
+	same = v.(bool)
 	hba.HashCache.mu.Lock()
 	if len(hba.HashCache.cache) >= 1000 {
 		hba.HashCache.makeRoom() // keep cache size under control
@@ -223,6 +231,7 @@ func (hba HTTPBasicAuth) promptForCredentials(w http.ResponseWriter, err error)
 // compute on every HTTP request.
 type Cache struct {
 	mu *sync.RWMutex
+	g  *singleflight.Group
 
 	// map of concatenated hashed password + plaintext password + salt, to result
 	cache map[string]bool

modules/caddyhttp/caddyauth/caddyfile.go

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ func init() {
 
 // parseCaddyfile sets up the handler from Caddyfile tokens. Syntax:
 //
-//     basicauth [<matcher>] [<hash_algorithm> [<realm>]] {
-//         <username> <hashed_password_base64> [<salt_base64>]
-//         ...
-//     }
+//	basicauth [<matcher>] [<hash_algorithm> [<realm>]] {
+//	    <username> <hashed_password_base64> [<salt_base64>]
+//	    ...
+//	}
 //
 // If no hash algorithm is supplied, bcrypt will be assumed.
 func parseCaddyfile(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error) {

modules/caddyhttp/caddyauth/command.go

@@ -18,20 +18,19 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	caddycmd "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	caddycmd.RegisterCommand(caddycmd.Command{
 		Name:  "hash-password",
-		Func:  cmdHashPassword,
 		Usage: "[--algorithm <name>] [--salt <string>] [--plaintext <password>]",
 		Short: "Hashes a password and writes base64",
 		Long: `
@@ -50,13 +49,12 @@ be provided (scrypt).
 
 Note that scrypt is deprecated. Please use 'bcrypt' instead.
 `,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("hash-password", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("algorithm", "bcrypt", "Name of the hash algorithm")
-			fs.String("plaintext", "", "The plaintext password")
-			fs.String("salt", "", "The password salt")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("plaintext", "p", "", "The plaintext password")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("salt", "s", "", "The password salt")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("algorithm", "a", "bcrypt", "Name of the hash algorithm")
+			cmd.RunE = caddycmd.WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdHashPassword)
+		},
 	})
 }
 

modules/caddyhttp/caddyhttp.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package caddyhttp
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ func (ws *WeakString) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// MarshalJSON marshals was a boolean if true or false,
+// MarshalJSON marshals as a boolean if true or false,
 // a number if an integer, or a string otherwise.
 func (ws WeakString) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	if ws == "true" {
@@ -204,6 +205,82 @@ func (ws WeakString) String() string {
 	return string(ws)
 }
 
+// Ratio is a type that unmarshals a valid numerical ratio string.
+// Valid formats are:
+// - a/b as a fraction (a / b)
+// - a:b as a ratio (a / a+b)
+// - a floating point number
+type Ratio float64
+
+// UnmarshalJSON satisfies json.Unmarshaler according to
+// this type's documentation.
+func (r *Ratio) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		return io.EOF
+	}
+	if b[0] == byte('"') && b[len(b)-1] == byte('"') {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(b), "/") && !strings.Contains(string(b), ":") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("ratio string '%s' did not contain a slash '/' or colon ':'", string(b[1:len(b)-1]))
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(string(b), "/") {
+			left, right, _ := strings.Cut(string(b[1:len(b)-1]), "/")
+			num, err := strconv.Atoi(left)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing numerator as integer %s: %v", left, err)
+			}
+			denom, err := strconv.Atoi(right)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing denominator as integer %s: %v", right, err)
+			}
+			*r = Ratio(float64(num) / float64(denom))
+			return nil
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(string(b), ":") {
+			left, right, _ := strings.Cut(string(b[1:len(b)-1]), ":")
+			num, err := strconv.Atoi(left)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing numerator as integer %s: %v", left, err)
+			}
+			denom, err := strconv.Atoi(right)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing denominator as integer %s: %v", right, err)
+			}
+			*r = Ratio(float64(num) / (float64(num) + float64(denom)))
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid ratio string '%s'", string(b[1:len(b)-1]))
+	}
+	if bytes.Equal(b, []byte("null")) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	float, err := strconv.ParseFloat(string(b), 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing ratio as float %s: %v", b, err)
+	}
+	*r = Ratio(float)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ParseRatio(r string) (Ratio, error) {
+	if strings.Contains(r, "/") {
+		left, right, _ := strings.Cut(r, "/")
+		num, err := strconv.Atoi(left)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing numerator as integer %s: %v", left, err)
+		}
+		denom, err := strconv.Atoi(right)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing denominator as integer %s: %v", right, err)
+		}
+		return Ratio(float64(num) / float64(denom)), nil
+	}
+	float, err := strconv.ParseFloat(r, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing ratio as float %s: %v", r, err)
+	}
+	return Ratio(float), nil
+}
+
 // StatusCodeMatches returns true if a real HTTP status code matches
 // the configured status code, which may be either a real HTTP status
 // code or an integer representing a class of codes (e.g. 4 for all
@@ -232,7 +309,7 @@ func SanitizedPathJoin(root, reqPath string) string {
 		root = "."
 	}
 
-	path := filepath.Join(root, filepath.Clean("/"+reqPath))
+	path := filepath.Join(root, path.Clean("/"+reqPath))
 
 	// filepath.Join also cleans the path, and cleaning strips
 	// the trailing slash, so we need to re-add it afterwards.

modules/caddyhttp/caddyhttp_test.go

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func TestSanitizedPathJoin(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		actual := SanitizedPathJoin(tc.inputRoot, u.Path)
 		if actual != tc.expect {
-			t.Errorf("Test %d: SanitizedPathJoin('%s', '%s') =>  %s (expected '%s')",
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: SanitizedPathJoin('%s', '%s') =>  '%s' (expected '%s')",
 				i, tc.inputRoot, tc.inputPath, actual, tc.expect)
 		}
 	}
@@ -149,3 +149,79 @@ func TestCleanPath(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestUnmarshalRatio(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		input  []byte
+		expect float64
+		errMsg string
+	}{
+		{
+			input:  []byte("null"),
+			expect: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"1/3"`),
+			expect: float64(1) / float64(3),
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"1/100"`),
+			expect: float64(1) / float64(100),
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"3:2"`),
+			expect: 0.6,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"99:1"`),
+			expect: 0.99,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"1/100"`),
+			expect: float64(1) / float64(100),
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`0.1`),
+			expect: 0.1,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`0.005`),
+			expect: 0.005,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`0`),
+			expect: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"0"`),
+			errMsg: `ratio string '0' did not contain a slash '/' or colon ':'`,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`a`),
+			errMsg: `failed parsing ratio as float a: strconv.ParseFloat: parsing "a": invalid syntax`,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"a/1"`),
+			errMsg: `failed parsing numerator as integer a: strconv.Atoi: parsing "a": invalid syntax`,
+		},
+		{
+			input:  []byte(`"1/a"`),
+			errMsg: `failed parsing denominator as integer a: strconv.Atoi: parsing "a": invalid syntax`,
+		},
+	} {
+		ratio := Ratio(0)
+		err := ratio.UnmarshalJSON(tc.input)
+		if err != nil {
+			if tc.errMsg != "" {
+				if tc.errMsg != err.Error() {
+					t.Fatalf("Test %d: expected error: %v, got: %v", i, tc.errMsg, err)
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			t.Fatalf("Test %d: invalid ratio: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if ratio != Ratio(tc.expect) {
+			t.Fatalf("Test %d: expected %v, got %v", i, tc.expect, ratio)
+		}
+	}
+}

modules/caddyhttp/celmatcher.go

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (m *MatchExpression) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 	// create the CEL environment
 	env, err := cel.NewEnv(
-		cel.Function(placeholderFuncName, cel.SingletonBinaryImpl(m.caddyPlaceholderFunc), cel.Overload(
+		cel.Function(placeholderFuncName, cel.SingletonBinaryBinding(m.caddyPlaceholderFunc), cel.Overload(
 			placeholderFuncName+"_httpRequest_string",
 			[]*cel.Type{httpRequestObjectType, cel.StringType},
 			cel.AnyType,
@@ -191,15 +191,17 @@ func (m MatchExpression) caddyPlaceholderFunc(lhs, rhs ref.Val) ref.Val {
 	celReq, ok := lhs.(celHTTPRequest)
 	if !ok {
 		return types.NewErr(
-			"invalid request of type '%v' to "+placeholderFuncName+"(request, placeholderVarName)",
+			"invalid request of type '%v' to %s(request, placeholderVarName)",
 			lhs.Type(),
+			placeholderFuncName,
 		)
 	}
 	phStr, ok := rhs.(types.String)
 	if !ok {
 		return types.NewErr(
-			"invalid placeholder variable name of type '%v' to "+placeholderFuncName+"(request, placeholderVarName)",
+			"invalid placeholder variable name of type '%v' to %s(request, placeholderVarName)",
 			rhs.Type(),
+			placeholderFuncName,
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -345,7 +347,7 @@ func CELMatcherImpl(macroName, funcName string, matcherDataTypes []*cel.Type, fa
 		cel.Macros(macro),
 		cel.Function(funcName,
 			cel.Overload(funcName, append([]*cel.Type{requestType}, matcherDataTypes...), cel.BoolType),
-			cel.SingletonBinaryImpl(CELMatcherRuntimeFunction(funcName, fac))),
+			cel.SingletonBinaryBinding(CELMatcherRuntimeFunction(funcName, fac))),
 	}
 	programOptions := []cel.ProgramOption{
 		cel.CustomDecorator(CELMatcherDecorator(funcName, fac)),

modules/caddyhttp/encode/caddyfile.go

@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@ func parseCaddyfile(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error)
 
 // UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the handler from Caddyfile tokens. Syntax:
 //
-//     encode [<matcher>] <formats...> {
-//         gzip           [<level>]
-//         zstd
-//         minimum_length <length>
-//         # response matcher block
-//         match {
-//             status <code...>
-//             header <field> [<value>]
-//         }
-//         # or response matcher single line syntax
-//         match [header <field> [<value>]] | [status <code...>]
-//     }
+//	encode [<matcher>] <formats...> {
+//	    gzip           [<level>]
+//	    zstd
+//	    minimum_length <length>
+//	    # response matcher block
+//	    match {
+//	        status <code...>
+//	        header <field> [<value>]
+//	    }
+//	    # or response matcher single line syntax
+//	    match [header <field> [<value>]] | [status <code...>]
+//	}
 //
 // Specifying the formats on the first line will use those formats' defaults.
 func (enc *Encode) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {

modules/caddyhttp/encode/encode.go

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
 package encode
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -117,14 +119,20 @@ func (enc *Encode) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func isEncodeAllowed(h http.Header) bool {
+	return !strings.Contains(h.Get("Cache-Control"), "no-transform")
+}
+
 func (enc *Encode) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhttp.Handler) error {
-	for _, encName := range AcceptedEncodings(r, enc.Prefer) {
-		if _, ok := enc.writerPools[encName]; !ok {
-			continue // encoding not offered
+	if isEncodeAllowed(r.Header) {
+		for _, encName := range AcceptedEncodings(r, enc.Prefer) {
+			if _, ok := enc.writerPools[encName]; !ok {
+				continue // encoding not offered
+			}
+			w = enc.openResponseWriter(encName, w)
+			defer w.(*responseWriter).Close()
+			break
 		}
-		w = enc.openResponseWriter(encName, w)
-		defer w.(*responseWriter).Close()
-		break
 	}
 	return next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 }
@@ -206,6 +214,18 @@ func (rw *responseWriter) Flush() {
 	rw.HTTPInterfaces.Flush()
 }
 
+// Hijack implements http.Hijacker. It will flush status code if set. We don't track actual hijacked
+// status assuming http middlewares will track its status.
+func (rw *responseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	if !rw.wroteHeader {
+		if rw.statusCode != 0 {
+			rw.HTTPInterfaces.WriteHeader(rw.statusCode)
+		}
+		rw.wroteHeader = true
+	}
+	return rw.HTTPInterfaces.Hijack()
+}
+
 // Write writes to the response. If the response qualifies,
 // it is encoded using the encoder, which is initialized
 // if not done so already.
@@ -281,7 +301,7 @@ func (rw *responseWriter) Close() error {
 
 // init should be called before we write a response, if rw.buf has contents.
 func (rw *responseWriter) init() {
-	if rw.Header().Get("Content-Encoding") == "" &&
+	if rw.Header().Get("Content-Encoding") == "" && isEncodeAllowed(rw.Header()) &&
 		rw.config.Match(rw) {
 
 		rw.w = rw.config.writerPools[rw.encodingName].Get().(Encoder)

modules/caddyhttp/encode/encode_test.go

@@ -261,3 +261,50 @@ func TestValidate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIsEncodeAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		headers  http.Header
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Without any headers",
+			headers:  http.Header{},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Without Cache-Control HTTP header",
+			headers: http.Header{
+				"Accept-Encoding": {"gzip"},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Cache-Control HTTP header ending with no-transform directive",
+			headers: http.Header{
+				"Accept-Encoding": {"gzip"},
+				"Cache-Control":   {"no-cache; no-transform"},
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "With Cache-Control HTTP header no-transform as Cache-Extension value",
+			headers: http.Header{
+				"Accept-Encoding": {"gzip"},
+				"Cache-Control":   {`no-store; no-cache; community="no-transform"`},
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if result := isEncodeAllowed(test.headers); result != test.expected {
+				t.Errorf("The headers given to the isEncodeAllowed should return %t, %t given.",
+					result,
+					test.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/browse.go

@@ -152,12 +152,20 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) loadDirectoryContents(ctx context.Context, dir fs.ReadDi
 // browseApplyQueryParams applies query parameters to the listing.
 // It mutates the listing and may set cookies.
 func (fsrv *FileServer) browseApplyQueryParams(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, listing *browseTemplateContext) {
+	layoutParam := r.URL.Query().Get("layout")
 	sortParam := r.URL.Query().Get("sort")
 	orderParam := r.URL.Query().Get("order")
 	limitParam := r.URL.Query().Get("limit")
 	offsetParam := r.URL.Query().Get("offset")
 
-	// first figure out what to sort by
+	switch layoutParam {
+	case "list", "grid", "":
+		listing.Layout = layoutParam
+	default:
+		listing.Layout = "list"
+	}
+
+	// figure out what to sort by
 	switch sortParam {
 	case "":
 		sortParam = sortByNameDirFirst

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/browsetplcontext.go

@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ type browseTemplateContext struct {
 
 	// Sorting order
 	Order string `json:"order,omitempty"`
+
+	// Display format (list or grid)
+	Layout string `json:"layout,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Breadcrumbs returns l.Path where every element maps
@@ -229,6 +232,16 @@ type fileInfo struct {
 	IsSymlink bool        `json:"is_symlink"`
 }
 
+// HasExt returns true if the filename has any of the given suffixes, case-insensitive.
+func (fi fileInfo) HasExt(exts ...string) bool {
+	for _, ext := range exts {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(fi.Name), strings.ToLower(ext)) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // HumanSize returns the size of the file as a
 // human-readable string in IEC format (i.e.
 // power of 2 or base 1024).

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/command.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package fileserver
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"flag"
 	"log"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
@@ -27,13 +26,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	caddytpl "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp/templates"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	caddycmd.RegisterCommand(caddycmd.Command{
 		Name:  "file-server",
-		Func:  cmdFileServer,
 		Usage: "[--domain <example.com>] [--root <path>] [--listen <addr>] [--browse] [--access-log]",
 		Short: "Spins up a production-ready file server",
 		Long: `
@@ -49,17 +48,16 @@ using this option.
 
 If --browse is enabled, requests for folders without an index file will
 respond with a file listing.`,
-		Flags: func() *flag.FlagSet {
-			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("file-server", flag.ExitOnError)
-			fs.String("domain", "", "Domain name at which to serve the files")
-			fs.String("root", "", "The path to the root of the site")
-			fs.String("listen", "", "The address to which to bind the listener")
-			fs.Bool("browse", false, "Enable directory browsing")
-			fs.Bool("templates", false, "Enable template rendering")
-			fs.Bool("access-log", false, "Enable the access log")
-			fs.Bool("debug", false, "Enable verbose debug logs")
-			return fs
-		}(),
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("domain", "d", "", "Domain name at which to serve the files")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("root", "r", "", "The path to the root of the site")
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("listen", "", "", "The address to which to bind the listener")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("browse", "b", false, "Enable directory browsing")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("templates", "t", false, "Enable template rendering")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("access-log", "", false, "Enable the access log")
+			cmd.Flags().BoolP("debug", "v", false, "Enable verbose debug logs")
+			cmd.RunE = caddycmd.WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdFileServer)
+		},
 	})
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +134,9 @@ func cmdFileServer(fs caddycmd.Flags) (int, error) {
 	if debug {
 		cfg.Logging = &caddy.Logging{
 			Logs: map[string]*caddy.CustomLog{
-				"default": {Level: zap.DebugLevel.CapitalString()},
+				"default": {
+					BaseLog: caddy.BaseLog{Level: zap.DebugLevel.CapitalString()},
+				},
 			},
 		}
 	}

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher.go

@@ -163,6 +163,8 @@ func (m *MatchFile) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 //
 // Example:
 //
+//	expression file()
+//	expression file({http.request.uri.path}, '/index.php')
 //	expression file({'root': '/srv', 'try_files': [{http.request.uri.path}, '/index.php'], 'try_policy': 'first_exist', 'split_path': ['.php']})
 func (MatchFile) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
 	requestType := cel.ObjectType("http.Request")
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ func (MatchFile) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
 		cel.Function("file", cel.Overload("file_request_map", []*cel.Type{requestType, caddyhttp.CELTypeJSON}, cel.BoolType)),
 		cel.Function("file_request_map",
 			cel.Overload("file_request_map", []*cel.Type{requestType, caddyhttp.CELTypeJSON}, cel.BoolType),
-			cel.SingletonBinaryImpl(caddyhttp.CELMatcherRuntimeFunction("file_request_map", matcherFactory))),
+			cel.SingletonBinaryBinding(caddyhttp.CELMatcherRuntimeFunction("file_request_map", matcherFactory))),
 	}
 
 	programOptions := []cel.ProgramOption{
@@ -212,18 +214,21 @@ func (MatchFile) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
 func celFileMatcherMacroExpander() parser.MacroExpander {
 	return func(eh parser.ExprHelper, target *exprpb.Expr, args []*exprpb.Expr) (*exprpb.Expr, *common.Error) {
 		if len(args) == 0 {
-			return nil, &common.Error{
-				Message: "matcher requires at least one argument",
-			}
+			return eh.GlobalCall("file",
+				eh.Ident("request"),
+				eh.NewMap(),
+			), nil
 		}
 		if len(args) == 1 {
 			arg := args[0]
 			if isCELStringLiteral(arg) || isCELCaddyPlaceholderCall(arg) {
 				return eh.GlobalCall("file",
 					eh.Ident("request"),
-					eh.NewMap(
-						eh.NewMapEntry(eh.LiteralString("try_files"), eh.NewList(arg)),
-					),
+					eh.NewMap(eh.NewMapEntry(
+						eh.LiteralString("try_files"),
+						eh.NewList(arg),
+						false,
+					)),
 				), nil
 			}
 			if isCELTryFilesLiteral(arg) {
@@ -245,11 +250,11 @@ func celFileMatcherMacroExpander() parser.MacroExpander {
 		}
 		return eh.GlobalCall("file",
 			eh.Ident("request"),
-			eh.NewMap(
-				eh.NewMapEntry(
-					eh.LiteralString("try_files"), eh.NewList(args...),
-				),
-			),
+			eh.NewMap(eh.NewMapEntry(
+				eh.LiteralString("try_files"),
+				eh.NewList(args...),
+				false,
+			)),
 		), nil
 	}
 }

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher_test.go

@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ func TestFileMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedType: "file",
 			matched:      true,
 		},
+		{
+			path:         "/foo.txt?a=b",
+			expectedPath: "/foo.txt",
+			expectedType: "file",
+			matched:      true,
+		},
 		{
 			path:         "/foodir",
 			expectedPath: "/foodir/",
@@ -211,6 +217,12 @@ func TestPHPFileMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedType: "file",
 			matched:      false,
 		},
+		{
+			path:         "/index.php?path={path}&{query}",
+			expectedPath: "/index.php",
+			expectedType: "file",
+			matched:      true,
+		},
 	} {
 		m := &MatchFile{
 			fileSystem: osFS{},
@@ -280,8 +292,8 @@ var (
 			expression: &caddyhttp.MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `file()`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com/foo",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo.txt",
+			wantResult: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "file error bad try files (MatchFile)",

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -232,11 +233,25 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhttp.Handler) error {
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// reject paths with Alternate Data Streams (ADS)
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, ":") {
+			return caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("illegal ADS path"))
+		}
+		// reject paths with "8.3" short names
+		trimmedPath := strings.TrimRight(r.URL.Path, ". ") // Windows ignores trailing dots and spaces, sigh
+		if len(path.Base(trimmedPath)) <= 12 && strings.Contains(trimmedPath, "~") {
+			return caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("illegal short name"))
+		}
+		// both of those could bypass file hiding or possibly leak information even if the file is not hidden
+	}
+
 	filesToHide := fsrv.transformHidePaths(repl)
 
 	root := repl.ReplaceAll(fsrv.Root, ".")
 
-	filename := caddyhttp.SanitizedPathJoin(root, r.URL.Path)
+	// remove any trailing `/` as it breaks fs.ValidPath() in the stdlib
+	filename := strings.TrimSuffix(caddyhttp.SanitizedPathJoin(root, r.URL.Path), "/")
 
 	fsrv.logger.Debug("sanitized path join",
 		zap.String("site_root", root),
@@ -396,6 +411,14 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 		etag = calculateEtag(info)
 	}
 
+	// at this point, we're serving a file; Go std lib supports only
+	// GET and HEAD, which is sensible for a static file server - reject
+	// any other methods (see issue #5166)
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet && r.Method != http.MethodHead {
+		w.Header().Add("Allow", "GET, HEAD")
+		return caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, nil)
+	}
+
 	// set the Etag - note that a conditional If-None-Match request is handled
 	// by http.ServeContent below, which checks against this Etag value
 	w.Header().Set("Etag", etag)

modules/caddyhttp/headers/headers.go

@@ -192,6 +192,19 @@ type RespHeaderOps struct {
 
 // ApplyTo applies ops to hdr using repl.
 func (ops HeaderOps) ApplyTo(hdr http.Header, repl *caddy.Replacer) {
+	// before manipulating headers in other ways, check if there
+	// is configuration to delete all headers, and do that first
+	// because if a header is to be added, we don't want to delete
+	// it also
+	for _, fieldName := range ops.Delete {
+		fieldName = repl.ReplaceKnown(fieldName, "")
+		if fieldName == "*" {
+			for existingField := range hdr {
+				delete(hdr, existingField)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// add
 	for fieldName, vals := range ops.Add {
 		fieldName = repl.ReplaceKnown(fieldName, "")
@@ -215,6 +228,9 @@ func (ops HeaderOps) ApplyTo(hdr http.Header, repl *caddy.Replacer) {
 	// delete
 	for _, fieldName := range ops.Delete {
 		fieldName = strings.ToLower(repl.ReplaceKnown(fieldName, ""))
+		if fieldName == "*" {
+			continue // handled above
+		}
 		switch {
 		case strings.HasPrefix(fieldName, "*") && strings.HasSuffix(fieldName, "*"):
 			for existingField := range hdr {

modules/caddyhttp/http2listener.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package caddyhttp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	weakrand "math/rand"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+)
+
+// http2Listener wraps the listener to solve the following problems:
+// 1. server h2 natively without using h2c hack when listener handles tls connection but
+// don't return *tls.Conn
+// 2. graceful shutdown. the shutdown logic is copied from stdlib http.Server, it's an extra maintenance burden but
+// whatever, the shutdown logic maybe extracted to be used with h2c graceful shutdown. http2.Server supports graceful shutdown
+// sending GO_AWAY frame to connected clients, but doesn't track connection status. It requires explicit call of http2.ConfigureServer
+type http2Listener struct {
+	cnt uint64
+	net.Listener
+	server   *http.Server
+	h2server *http2.Server
+}
+
+type connectionStateConn interface {
+	net.Conn
+	ConnectionState() tls.ConnectionState
+}
+
+func (h *http2Listener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	for {
+		conn, err := h.Listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if csc, ok := conn.(connectionStateConn); ok {
+			// *tls.Conn will return empty string because it's only populated after handshake is complete
+			if csc.ConnectionState().NegotiatedProtocol == http2.NextProtoTLS {
+				go h.serveHttp2(csc)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *http2Listener) serveHttp2(csc connectionStateConn) {
+	atomic.AddUint64(&h.cnt, 1)
+	h.runHook(csc, http.StateNew)
+	defer func() {
+		csc.Close()
+		atomic.AddUint64(&h.cnt, ^uint64(0))
+		h.runHook(csc, http.StateClosed)
+	}()
+	h.h2server.ServeConn(csc, &http2.ServeConnOpts{
+		Context:    h.server.ConnContext(context.Background(), csc),
+		BaseConfig: h.server,
+		Handler:    h.server.Handler,
+	})
+}
+
+const shutdownPollIntervalMax = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+func (h *http2Listener) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
+	pollIntervalBase := time.Millisecond
+	nextPollInterval := func() time.Duration {
+		// Add 10% jitter.
+		//nolint:gosec
+		interval := pollIntervalBase + time.Duration(weakrand.Intn(int(pollIntervalBase/10)))
+		// Double and clamp for next time.
+		pollIntervalBase *= 2
+		if pollIntervalBase > shutdownPollIntervalMax {
+			pollIntervalBase = shutdownPollIntervalMax
+		}
+		return interval
+	}
+
+	timer := time.NewTimer(nextPollInterval())
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	for {
+		if atomic.LoadUint64(&h.cnt) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		case <-timer.C:
+			timer.Reset(nextPollInterval())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *http2Listener) runHook(conn net.Conn, state http.ConnState) {
+	if h.server.ConnState != nil {
+		h.server.ConnState(conn, state)
+	}
+}

modules/caddyhttp/ip_matchers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package caddyhttp
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/google/cel-go/cel"
+	"github.com/google/cel-go/common/types/ref"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// MatchRemoteIP matches requests by the remote IP address,
+// i.e. the IP address of the direct connection to Caddy.
+type MatchRemoteIP struct {
+	// The IPs or CIDR ranges to match.
+	Ranges []string `json:"ranges,omitempty"`
+
+	// If true, prefer the first IP in the request's X-Forwarded-For
+	// header, if present, rather than the immediate peer's IP, as
+	// the reference IP against which to match. Note that it is easy
+	// to spoof request headers. Default: false
+	// DEPRECATED: This is insecure, MatchClientIP should be used instead.
+	Forwarded bool `json:"forwarded,omitempty"`
+
+	// cidrs and zones vars should aligned always in the same
+	// length and indexes for matching later
+	cidrs  []*netip.Prefix
+	zones  []string
+	logger *zap.Logger
+}
+
+// MatchClientIP matches requests by the client IP address,
+// i.e. the resolved address, considering trusted proxies.
+type MatchClientIP struct {
+	// The IPs or CIDR ranges to match.
+	Ranges []string `json:"ranges,omitempty"`
+
+	// cidrs and zones vars should aligned always in the same
+	// length and indexes for matching later
+	cidrs  []*netip.Prefix
+	zones  []string
+	logger *zap.Logger
+}
+
+func init() {
+	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchRemoteIP{})
+	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchClientIP{})
+}
+
+// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
+func (MatchRemoteIP) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
+	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
+		ID:  "http.matchers.remote_ip",
+		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MatchRemoteIP) },
+	}
+}
+
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile implements caddyfile.Unmarshaler.
+func (m *MatchRemoteIP) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	for d.Next() {
+		for d.NextArg() {
+			if d.Val() == "forwarded" {
+				if len(m.Ranges) > 0 {
+					return d.Err("if used, 'forwarded' must be first argument")
+				}
+				m.Forwarded = true
+				continue
+			}
+			if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
+				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+				continue
+			}
+			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
+		}
+		if d.NextBlock(0) {
+			return d.Err("malformed remote_ip matcher: blocks are not supported")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CELLibrary produces options that expose this matcher for use in CEL
+// expression matchers.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	expression remote_ip('forwarded', '192.168.0.0/16', '172.16.0.0/12', '10.0.0.0/8')
+func (MatchRemoteIP) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
+	return CELMatcherImpl(
+		// name of the macro, this is the function name that users see when writing expressions.
+		"remote_ip",
+		// name of the function that the macro will be rewritten to call.
+		"remote_ip_match_request_list",
+		// internal data type of the MatchPath value.
+		[]*cel.Type{cel.ListType(cel.StringType)},
+		// function to convert a constant list of strings to a MatchPath instance.
+		func(data ref.Val) (RequestMatcher, error) {
+			refStringList := reflect.TypeOf([]string{})
+			strList, err := data.ConvertToNative(refStringList)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			m := MatchRemoteIP{}
+
+			for _, input := range strList.([]string) {
+				if input == "forwarded" {
+					if len(m.Ranges) > 0 {
+						return nil, errors.New("if used, 'forwarded' must be first argument")
+					}
+					m.Forwarded = true
+					continue
+				}
+				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, input)
+			}
+
+			err = m.Provision(ctx)
+			return m, err
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+// Provision parses m's IP ranges, either from IP or CIDR expressions.
+func (m *MatchRemoteIP) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	m.logger = ctx.Logger()
+	cidrs, zones, err := provisionCidrsZonesFromRanges(m.Ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.cidrs = cidrs
+	m.zones = zones
+
+	if m.Forwarded {
+		m.logger.Warn("remote_ip's forwarded mode is deprecated; use the 'client_ip' matcher instead")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Match returns true if r matches m.
+func (m MatchRemoteIP) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	address := r.RemoteAddr
+	if m.Forwarded {
+		if fwdFor := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); fwdFor != "" {
+			address = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(fwdFor, ",")[0])
+		}
+	}
+	clientIP, zoneID, err := parseIPZoneFromString(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("getting remote IP", zap.Error(err))
+		return false
+	}
+	matches, zoneFilter := matchIPByCidrZones(clientIP, zoneID, m.cidrs, m.zones)
+	if !matches && !zoneFilter {
+		m.logger.Debug("zone ID from remote IP did not match", zap.String("zone", zoneID))
+	}
+	return matches
+}
+
+// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
+func (MatchClientIP) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
+	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
+		ID:  "http.matchers.client_ip",
+		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MatchClientIP) },
+	}
+}
+
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile implements caddyfile.Unmarshaler.
+func (m *MatchClientIP) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	for d.Next() {
+		for d.NextArg() {
+			if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
+				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+				continue
+			}
+			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
+		}
+		if d.NextBlock(0) {
+			return d.Err("malformed client_ip matcher: blocks are not supported")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CELLibrary produces options that expose this matcher for use in CEL
+// expression matchers.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	expression client_ip('192.168.0.0/16', '172.16.0.0/12', '10.0.0.0/8')
+func (MatchClientIP) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
+	return CELMatcherImpl(
+		// name of the macro, this is the function name that users see when writing expressions.
+		"client_ip",
+		// name of the function that the macro will be rewritten to call.
+		"client_ip_match_request_list",
+		// internal data type of the MatchPath value.
+		[]*cel.Type{cel.ListType(cel.StringType)},
+		// function to convert a constant list of strings to a MatchPath instance.
+		func(data ref.Val) (RequestMatcher, error) {
+			refStringList := reflect.TypeOf([]string{})
+			strList, err := data.ConvertToNative(refStringList)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			m := MatchClientIP{
+				Ranges: strList.([]string),
+			}
+
+			err = m.Provision(ctx)
+			return m, err
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+// Provision parses m's IP ranges, either from IP or CIDR expressions.
+func (m *MatchClientIP) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	m.logger = ctx.Logger()
+	cidrs, zones, err := provisionCidrsZonesFromRanges(m.Ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.cidrs = cidrs
+	m.zones = zones
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Match returns true if r matches m.
+func (m MatchClientIP) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	address := GetVar(r.Context(), ClientIPVarKey).(string)
+	clientIP, zoneID, err := parseIPZoneFromString(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("getting client IP", zap.Error(err))
+		return false
+	}
+	matches, zoneFilter := matchIPByCidrZones(clientIP, zoneID, m.cidrs, m.zones)
+	if !matches && !zoneFilter {
+		m.logger.Debug("zone ID from client IP did not match", zap.String("zone", zoneID))
+	}
+	return matches
+}
+
+func provisionCidrsZonesFromRanges(ranges []string) ([]*netip.Prefix, []string, error) {
+	cidrs := []*netip.Prefix{}
+	zones := []string{}
+	for _, str := range ranges {
+		// Exclude the zone_id from the IP
+		if strings.Contains(str, "%") {
+			split := strings.Split(str, "%")
+			str = split[0]
+			// write zone identifiers in m.zones for matching later
+			zones = append(zones, split[1])
+		} else {
+			zones = append(zones, "")
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(str, "/") {
+			ipNet, err := netip.ParsePrefix(str)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing CIDR expression '%s': %v", str, err)
+			}
+			cidrs = append(cidrs, &ipNet)
+		} else {
+			ipAddr, err := netip.ParseAddr(str)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: '%s': %v", str, err)
+			}
+			ipNew := netip.PrefixFrom(ipAddr, ipAddr.BitLen())
+			cidrs = append(cidrs, &ipNew)
+		}
+	}
+	return cidrs, zones, nil
+}
+
+func parseIPZoneFromString(address string) (netip.Addr, string, error) {
+	ipStr, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		ipStr = address // OK; probably didn't have a port
+	}
+
+	// Some IPv6-Adresses can contain zone identifiers at the end,
+	// which are separated with "%"
+	zoneID := ""
+	if strings.Contains(ipStr, "%") {
+		split := strings.Split(ipStr, "%")
+		ipStr = split[0]
+		zoneID = split[1]
+	}
+
+	ipAddr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.IPv4Unspecified(), "", err
+	}
+
+	return ipAddr, zoneID, nil
+}
+
+func matchIPByCidrZones(clientIP netip.Addr, zoneID string, cidrs []*netip.Prefix, zones []string) (bool, bool) {
+	zoneFilter := true
+	for i, ipRange := range cidrs {
+		if ipRange.Contains(clientIP) {
+			// Check if there are zone filters assigned and if they match.
+			if zones[i] == "" || zoneID == zones[i] {
+				return true, false
+			}
+			zoneFilter = false
+		}
+	}
+	return false, zoneFilter
+}
+
+// Interface guards
+var (
+	_ RequestMatcher        = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
+	_ caddy.Provisioner     = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
+	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
+	_ CELLibraryProducer    = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
+
+	_ RequestMatcher        = (*MatchClientIP)(nil)
+	_ caddy.Provisioner     = (*MatchClientIP)(nil)
+	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchClientIP)(nil)
+	_ CELLibraryProducer    = (*MatchClientIP)(nil)
+)

modules/caddyhttp/ip_range.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package caddyhttp
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	caddy.RegisterModule(StaticIPRange{})
+}
+
+// IPRangeSource gets a list of IP ranges.
+//
+// The request is passed as an argument to allow plugin implementations
+// to have more flexibility. But, a plugin MUST NOT modify the request.
+// The caller will have read the `r.RemoteAddr` before getting IP ranges.
+//
+// This should be a very fast function -- instant if possible.
+// The list of IP ranges should be sourced as soon as possible if loaded
+// from an external source (i.e. initially loaded during Provisioning),
+// so that it's ready to be used when requests start getting handled.
+// A read lock should probably be used to get the cached value if the
+// ranges can change at runtime (e.g. periodically refreshed).
+// Using a `caddy.UsagePool` may be a good idea to avoid having refetch
+// the values when a config reload occurs, which would waste time.
+//
+// If the list of IP ranges cannot be sourced, then provisioning SHOULD
+// fail. Getting the IP ranges at runtime MUST NOT fail, because it would
+// cancel incoming requests. If refreshing the list fails, then the
+// previous list of IP ranges should continue to be returned so that the
+// server can continue to operate normally.
+type IPRangeSource interface {
+	GetIPRanges(*http.Request) []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// StaticIPRange provides a static range of IP address prefixes (CIDRs).
+type StaticIPRange struct {
+	// A static list of IP ranges (supports CIDR notation).
+	Ranges []string `json:"ranges,omitempty"`
+
+	// Holds the parsed CIDR ranges from Ranges.
+	ranges []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
+func (StaticIPRange) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
+	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
+		ID:  "http.ip_sources.static",
+		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(StaticIPRange) },
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *StaticIPRange) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	for _, str := range s.Ranges {
+		prefix, err := CIDRExpressionToPrefix(str)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.ranges = append(s.ranges, prefix)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *StaticIPRange) GetIPRanges(_ *http.Request) []netip.Prefix {
+	return s.ranges
+}
+
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile implements caddyfile.Unmarshaler.
+func (m *StaticIPRange) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for d.NextArg() {
+		if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
+			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+			continue
+		}
+		m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CIDRExpressionToPrefix takes a string which could be either a
+// CIDR expression or a single IP address, and returns a netip.Prefix.
+func CIDRExpressionToPrefix(expr string) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	// Having a slash means it should be a CIDR expression
+	if strings.Contains(expr, "/") {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(expr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("parsing CIDR expression: '%s': %v", expr, err)
+		}
+		return prefix, nil
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise it's likely a single IP address
+	parsed, err := netip.ParseAddr(expr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: '%s': %v", expr, err)
+	}
+	prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(parsed, parsed.BitLen())
+	return prefix, nil
+}
+
+// PrivateRangesCIDR returns a list of private CIDR range
+// strings, which can be used as a configuration shortcut.
+func PrivateRangesCIDR() []string {
+	return []string{
+		"192.168.0.0/16",
+		"172.16.0.0/12",
+		"10.0.0.0/8",
+		"127.0.0.1/8",
+		"fd00::/8",
+		"::1",
+	}
+}
+
+// Interface guards
+var (
+	_ caddy.Provisioner     = (*StaticIPRange)(nil)
+	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*StaticIPRange)(nil)
+	_ IPRangeSource         = (*StaticIPRange)(nil)
+)

modules/caddyhttp/map/map.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ type Handler struct {
 	Source string `json:"source,omitempty"`
 
 	// Destinations are the names of placeholders in which to store the outputs.
+	// Destination values should be wrapped in braces, for example, {my_placeholder}.
 	Destinations []string `json:"destinations,omitempty"`
 
 	// Mappings from source values (inputs) to destination values (outputs).

modules/caddyhttp/marshalers.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func (r LoggableHTTPRequest) MarshalLogObject(enc zapcore.ObjectEncoder) error {
 
 	enc.AddString("remote_ip", ip)
 	enc.AddString("remote_port", port)
+	enc.AddString("client_ip", GetVar(r.Context(), ClientIPVarKey).(string))
 	enc.AddString("proto", r.Proto)
 	enc.AddString("method", r.Method)
 	enc.AddString("host", r.Host)

modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/netip"
 	"net/textproto"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/cel"
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/common/types"
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/common/types/ref"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 type (
@@ -123,6 +121,7 @@ type (
 	// keyed by the query keys, with an array of string values to match for that key.
 	// Query key matches are exact, but wildcards may be used for value matches. Both
 	// keys and values may be placeholders.
+	//
 	// An example of the structure to match `?key=value&topic=api&query=something` is:
 	//
 	// ```json
@@ -135,6 +134,13 @@ type (
 	//
 	// Invalid query strings, including those with bad escapings or illegal characters
 	// like semicolons, will fail to parse and thus fail to match.
+	//
+	// **NOTE:** Notice that query string values are arrays, not singular values. This is
+	// because repeated keys are valid in query strings, and each one may have a
+	// different value. This matcher will match for a key if any one of its configured
+	// values is assigned in the query string. Backend applications relying on query
+	// strings MUST take into consideration that query string values are arrays and can
+	// have multiple values.
 	MatchQuery url.Values
 
 	// MatchHeader matches requests by header fields. The key is the field
@@ -144,6 +150,13 @@ type (
 	// surrounding the value with the wildcard `*` character, respectively.
 	// If a list is null, the header must not exist. If the list is empty,
 	// the field must simply exist, regardless of its value.
+	//
+	// **NOTE:** Notice that header values are arrays, not singular values. This is
+	// because repeated fields are valid in headers, and each one may have a
+	// different value. This matcher will match for a field if any one of its configured
+	// values matches in the header. Backend applications relying on headers MUST take
+	// into consideration that header field values are arrays and can have multiple
+	// values.
 	MatchHeader http.Header
 
 	// MatchHeaderRE matches requests by a regular expression on header fields.
@@ -161,24 +174,6 @@ type (
 	// "http/2", "http/3", or minimum versions: "http/2+", etc.
 	MatchProtocol string
 
-	// MatchRemoteIP matches requests by client IP (or CIDR range).
-	MatchRemoteIP struct {
-		// The IPs or CIDR ranges to match.
-		Ranges []string `json:"ranges,omitempty"`
-
-		// If true, prefer the first IP in the request's X-Forwarded-For
-		// header, if present, rather than the immediate peer's IP, as
-		// the reference IP against which to match. Note that it is easy
-		// to spoof request headers. Default: false
-		Forwarded bool `json:"forwarded,omitempty"`
-
-		// cidrs and zones vars should aligned always in the same
-		// length and indexes for matching later
-		cidrs  []*netip.Prefix
-		zones  []string
-		logger *zap.Logger
-	}
-
 	// MatchNot matches requests by negating the results of its matcher
 	// sets. A single "not" matcher takes one or more matcher sets. Each
 	// matcher set is OR'ed; in other words, if any matcher set returns
@@ -214,7 +209,6 @@ func init() {
 	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchHeader{})
 	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchHeaderRE{})
 	caddy.RegisterModule(new(MatchProtocol))
-	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchRemoteIP{})
 	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchNot{})
 }
 
@@ -1246,166 +1240,6 @@ func (m MatchNot) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
-func (MatchRemoteIP) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
-	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
-		ID:  "http.matchers.remote_ip",
-		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MatchRemoteIP) },
-	}
-}
-
-// UnmarshalCaddyfile implements caddyfile.Unmarshaler.
-func (m *MatchRemoteIP) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
-	for d.Next() {
-		for d.NextArg() {
-			if d.Val() == "forwarded" {
-				if len(m.Ranges) > 0 {
-					return d.Err("if used, 'forwarded' must be first argument")
-				}
-				m.Forwarded = true
-				continue
-			}
-			if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
-				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, []string{
-					"192.168.0.0/16",
-					"172.16.0.0/12",
-					"10.0.0.0/8",
-					"127.0.0.1/8",
-					"fd00::/8",
-					"::1",
-				}...)
-				continue
-			}
-			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
-		}
-		if d.NextBlock(0) {
-			return d.Err("malformed remote_ip matcher: blocks are not supported")
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// CELLibrary produces options that expose this matcher for use in CEL
-// expression matchers.
-//
-// Example:
-//
-//	expression remote_ip('forwarded', '192.168.0.0/16', '172.16.0.0/12', '10.0.0.0/8')
-func (MatchRemoteIP) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
-	return CELMatcherImpl(
-		// name of the macro, this is the function name that users see when writing expressions.
-		"remote_ip",
-		// name of the function that the macro will be rewritten to call.
-		"remote_ip_match_request_list",
-		// internal data type of the MatchPath value.
-		[]*cel.Type{cel.ListType(cel.StringType)},
-		// function to convert a constant list of strings to a MatchPath instance.
-		func(data ref.Val) (RequestMatcher, error) {
-			refStringList := reflect.TypeOf([]string{})
-			strList, err := data.ConvertToNative(refStringList)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			m := MatchRemoteIP{}
-
-			for _, input := range strList.([]string) {
-				if input == "forwarded" {
-					if len(m.Ranges) > 0 {
-						return nil, errors.New("if used, 'forwarded' must be first argument")
-					}
-					m.Forwarded = true
-					continue
-				}
-				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, input)
-			}
-
-			err = m.Provision(ctx)
-			return m, err
-		},
-	)
-}
-
-// Provision parses m's IP ranges, either from IP or CIDR expressions.
-func (m *MatchRemoteIP) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
-	m.logger = ctx.Logger()
-	for _, str := range m.Ranges {
-		// Exclude the zone_id from the IP
-		if strings.Contains(str, "%") {
-			split := strings.Split(str, "%")
-			str = split[0]
-			// write zone identifiers in m.zones for matching later
-			m.zones = append(m.zones, split[1])
-		} else {
-			m.zones = append(m.zones, "")
-		}
-		if strings.Contains(str, "/") {
-			ipNet, err := netip.ParsePrefix(str)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing CIDR expression '%s': %v", str, err)
-			}
-			m.cidrs = append(m.cidrs, &ipNet)
-		} else {
-			ipAddr, err := netip.ParseAddr(str)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: '%s': %v", str, err)
-			}
-			ipNew := netip.PrefixFrom(ipAddr, ipAddr.BitLen())
-			m.cidrs = append(m.cidrs, &ipNew)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m MatchRemoteIP) getClientIP(r *http.Request) (netip.Addr, string, error) {
-	remote := r.RemoteAddr
-	zoneID := ""
-	if m.Forwarded {
-		if fwdFor := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); fwdFor != "" {
-			remote = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(fwdFor, ",")[0])
-		}
-	}
-	ipStr, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(remote)
-	if err != nil {
-		ipStr = remote // OK; probably didn't have a port
-	}
-	// Some IPv6-Adresses can contain zone identifiers at the end,
-	// which are separated with "%"
-	if strings.Contains(ipStr, "%") {
-		split := strings.Split(ipStr, "%")
-		ipStr = split[0]
-		zoneID = split[1]
-	}
-	ipAddr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return netip.IPv4Unspecified(), "", err
-	}
-	return ipAddr, zoneID, nil
-}
-
-// Match returns true if r matches m.
-func (m MatchRemoteIP) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
-	clientIP, zoneID, err := m.getClientIP(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.logger.Error("getting client IP", zap.Error(err))
-		return false
-	}
-	zoneFilter := true
-	for i, ipRange := range m.cidrs {
-		if ipRange.Contains(clientIP) {
-			// Check if there are zone filters assigned and if they match.
-			if m.zones[i] == "" || zoneID == m.zones[i] {
-				return true
-			}
-			zoneFilter = false
-		}
-	}
-	if !zoneFilter {
-		m.logger.Debug("zone ID from remote did not match", zap.String("zone", zoneID))
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // MatchRegexp is an embedable type for matching
 // using regular expressions. It adds placeholders
 // to the request's replacer.
@@ -1580,8 +1414,6 @@ var (
 	_ RequestMatcher    = (*MatchHeaderRE)(nil)
 	_ caddy.Provisioner = (*MatchHeaderRE)(nil)
 	_ RequestMatcher    = (*MatchProtocol)(nil)
-	_ RequestMatcher    = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
-	_ caddy.Provisioner = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
 	_ RequestMatcher    = (*MatchNot)(nil)
 	_ caddy.Provisioner = (*MatchNot)(nil)
 	_ caddy.Provisioner = (*MatchRegexp)(nil)
@@ -1594,7 +1426,6 @@ var (
 	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchHeader)(nil)
 	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchHeaderRE)(nil)
 	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchProtocol)(nil)
-	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
 	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*VarsMatcher)(nil)
 	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MatchVarsRE)(nil)
 
@@ -1606,7 +1437,6 @@ var (
 	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchHeader)(nil)
 	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchHeaderRE)(nil)
 	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchProtocol)(nil)
-	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchRemoteIP)(nil)
 	// _ CELLibraryProducer = (*VarsMatcher)(nil)
 	// _ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchVarsRE)(nil)
 

modules/caddyhttp/matchers_test.go

@@ -929,6 +929,7 @@ func TestVarREMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 			expect: true,
 		},
 	} {
+		i := i   // capture range value
 		tc := tc // capture range value
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

modules/caddyhttp/proxyprotocol/listenerwrapper.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package proxyprotocol
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"github.com/mastercactapus/proxyprotocol"
+)
+
+// ListenerWrapper provides PROXY protocol support to Caddy by implementing
+// the caddy.ListenerWrapper interface. It must be loaded before the `tls` listener.
+//
+// Credit goes to https://github.com/mastercactapus/caddy2-proxyprotocol for having
+// initially implemented this as a plugin.
+type ListenerWrapper struct {
+	// Timeout specifies an optional maximum time for
+	// the PROXY header to be received.
+	// If zero, timeout is disabled. Default is 5s.
+	Timeout caddy.Duration `json:"timeout,omitempty"`
+
+	// Allow is an optional list of CIDR ranges to
+	// allow/require PROXY headers from.
+	Allow []string `json:"allow,omitempty"`
+
+	rules []proxyprotocol.Rule
+}
+
+// Provision sets up the listener wrapper.
+func (pp *ListenerWrapper) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	rules := make([]proxyprotocol.Rule, 0, len(pp.Allow))
+	for _, s := range pp.Allow {
+		_, n, err := net.ParseCIDR(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid subnet '%s': %w", s, err)
+		}
+		rules = append(rules, proxyprotocol.Rule{
+			Timeout: time.Duration(pp.Timeout),
+			Subnet:  n,
+		})
+	}
+
+	pp.rules = rules
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WrapListener adds PROXY protocol support to the listener.
+func (pp *ListenerWrapper) WrapListener(l net.Listener) net.Listener {
+	pl := proxyprotocol.NewListener(l, time.Duration(pp.Timeout))
+	pl.SetFilter(pp.rules)
+	return pl
+}