caddytls: Allow missing ECH meta file

* caddytls: Prefer managed wildcard certs over individual subdomain certs

* Repurpose force_automate as no_wildcard

* Fix a couple bugs

* Restore force_automate and use automate loader as wildcard override

.github/SECURITY.md

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all practicall
 ## Supported Versions
 
 | Version  | Supported |
-| ------- | ------------------ |
+| -------- | ----------|
-| 2.x     | ✔️ |
+| 2.latest | ✔️        |
 | 1.x      | :x:       |
 | < 1.x    | :x:       |
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ on:
       - master
       - 2.*
 
+env:
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
 jobs:
   test:
     strategy:
@@ -23,17 +27,13 @@ jobs:
           - mac
           - windows
         go:
-          - '1.21'
+          - '1.24'
-          - '1.22'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.21'
+        - go: '1.24'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.21.0'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.24.1'
-
-        - go: '1.22'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'
 
         # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
         # OS_LABEL: the VM label from GitHub Actions (see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners#standard-github-hosted-runners-for-public-repositories)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CGO_ENABLED: 0
       run: |
-        go build -tags nobdger -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
+        go build -tags nobadger,nomysql,nopgx -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
 
     - name: Smoke test Caddy
       working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ jobs:
       # continue-on-error: true
       run: |
         # (go test -v -coverprofile=cover-profile.out -race ./... 2>&1) > test-results/test-result.out
-        go test -tags nobadger -v -coverprofile="cover-profile.out" -short -race ./...
+        go test -tags nobadger,nomysql,nopgx -v -coverprofile="cover-profile.out" -short -race ./...
         # echo "status=$?" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
     # Relevant step if we reinvestigate publishing test/coverage reports
@@ -143,25 +143,48 @@ jobs:
   s390x-test:
     name: test (s390x on IBM Z)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
     continue-on-error: true  # August 2020: s390x VM is down due to weather and power issues
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Run Tests
         run: |
+          set +e
           mkdir -p ~/.ssh && echo -e "${SSH_KEY//_/\\n}" > ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa && chmod og-rwx ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
 
           # short sha is enough?
           short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 
+          # To shorten the following lines
+          ssh_opts="-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
+          ssh_host="$CI_USER@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com"
+
           # The environment is fresh, so there's no point in keeping accepting and adding the key.
-          rsync -arz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
+          rsync -arz -e "ssh $ssh_opts" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$ssh_host":/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -t "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "cd /var/tmp/$short_sha; go version; go env; printf "\n\n";CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -tags nobadger -v ./..."
+          ssh $ssh_opts -t "$ssh_host" bash <<EOF
+          cd /var/tmp/$short_sha
+          go version
+          go env
+          printf "\n\n"
+          retries=3
+          exit_code=0
+          while ((retries > 0)); do
+            CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -p 1 -tags nobadger,nomysql,nopgx -v ./...
+            exit_code=$?
+            if ((exit_code == 0)); then
+              break
+            fi
+            echo "\n\nTest failed: \$exit_code, retrying..."
+            ((retries--))
+          done
+          echo "Remote exit code: \$exit_code"
+          exit \$exit_code
+          EOF
           test_result=$?
 
           # There's no need leaving the files around
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
+          ssh $ssh_opts "$ssh_host" "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
 
           echo "Test exit code: $test_result"
           exit $test_result
@@ -171,6 +194,7 @@ jobs:
 
   goreleaser-check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -179,3 +203,18 @@ jobs:
         with:
           version: latest
           args: check
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: "~1.24"
+          check-latest: true
+      - name: Install xcaddy
+        run: |
+          go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
+          xcaddy version
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
+        with:
+          version: latest
+          args: build --single-target --snapshot
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}

.github/workflows/cross-build.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ on:
       - master
       - 2.*
 
+env:
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
 jobs:
   build:
     strategy:
@@ -27,13 +31,13 @@ jobs:
           - 'darwin'
           - 'netbsd'
         go:
-          - '1.22'
+          - '1.24'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.22'
+        - go: '1.24'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.24.1'
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: true
@@ -66,4 +70,4 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
         working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
         run: |
-          GOOS=$GOOS GOARCH=$GOARCH go build -tags nobadger -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-$GOARCH 2> /dev/null
+          GOOS=$GOOS GOARCH=$GOARCH go build -tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-$GOARCH 2> /dev/null

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+env:
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
 jobs:
   # From https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action
   golangci:
@@ -43,13 +47,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '~1.22.3'
+          go-version: '~1.24'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
         with:
-          version: v1.55
+          version: latest
 
           # Windows times out frequently after about 5m50s if we don't set a longer timeout.
           args: --timeout 10m
@@ -63,5 +67,5 @@ jobs:
       - name: govulncheck
         uses: golang/govulncheck-action@v1
         with:
-          go-version-input: '~1.22.3'
+          go-version-input: '~1.24.1'
           check-latest: true

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ on:
     tags:
       - 'v*.*.*'
 
+env:
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
 jobs:
   release:
     name: Release
@@ -13,13 +17,13 @@ jobs:
         os: 
           - ubuntu-latest
         go: 
-          - '1.22'
+          - '1.24'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.22'
+        - go: '1.24'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.24.1'
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     # https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/1258#issuecomment-1002251233
@@ -104,6 +108,10 @@ jobs:
       uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@main
     - name: Syft version
       run: syft version
+    - name: Install xcaddy
+      run: |
+        go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
+        xcaddy version
     # GoReleaser will take care of publishing those artifacts into the release
     - name: Run GoReleaser
       uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 linters-settings:
   errcheck:
-    ignore: fmt:.*,go.uber.org/zap/zapcore:^Add.*
+    exclude-functions:
-    ignoretests: true
+      - fmt.*
+      - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddObject
+      - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddArray
   gci:
     sections:
       - standard # Standard section: captures all standard packages.
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ linters:
     - errcheck
     - errname
     - exhaustive
-    - exportloopref
     - gci
     - gofmt
     - goimports
@@ -130,18 +131,22 @@ linters:
 run:
   # default concurrency is a available CPU number.
   # concurrency: 4 # explicitly omit this value to fully utilize available resources.
-  deadline: 5m
+  timeout: 5m
   issues-exit-code: 1
   tests: false
 
 # output configuration options
 output:
-  format: 'colored-line-number'
+  formats:
+    - format: 'colored-line-number'
   print-issued-lines: true
   print-linter-name: true
 
 issues:
   exclude-rules:
+    - text: 'G115' # TODO: Either we should fix the issues or nuke the linter if it's bad
+      linters:
+        - gosec
     # we aren't calling unknown URL
     - text: 'G107' # G107: Url provided to HTTP request as taint input
       linters:
@@ -166,3 +171,12 @@ issues:
     - path: modules/logging/filters.go
       linters:
         - dupl
+    - path: modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go
+      linters:
+        - dupl
+    - path: modules/caddyhttp/vars.go
+      linters:
+        - dupl
+    - path: _test\.go
+      linters:
+        - errcheck

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ before:
     - mkdir -p caddy-build
     - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
     - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
+    # prepare syso files for windows embedding
+    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
+    - /bin/sh -c 'mv /tmp/buildenv_*/*.syso caddy-build'
     # GoReleaser doesn't seem to offer {{.Tag}} at this stage, so we have to embed it into the env
     # so we run: TAG=$(git describe --abbrev=0) goreleaser release --rm-dist --skip-publish --skip-validate
     - go mod edit -require=github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@{{.Env.TAG}} ./caddy-build/go.mod
@@ -31,7 +34,6 @@ builds:
 - env:
   - CGO_ENABLED=0
   - GO111MODULE=on
-  main: main.go
   dir: ./caddy-build
   binary: caddy
   goos:
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ builds:
   - -s -w
   tags:
   - nobadger
+  - nomysql
+  - nopgx
 
 signs:
   - cmd: cosign
@@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ archives:
   - id: default
     format_overrides:
       - goos: windows
-        format: zip
+        formats: zip
     name_template: >-
       {{ .ProjectName }}_
       {{- .Version }}_
@@ -188,6 +192,9 @@ nfpms:
       preremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/preremove.sh
       postremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/postremove.sh
 
+    provides:
+      - httpd
+
 release:
   github:
     owner: caddyserver

README.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg"></a>
 	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
 	<br>
-	<a href="https://twitter.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@caddyserver-55acee.svg" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
+	<a href="https://x.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/caddyserver" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
 	<a href="https://caddy.community" title="Caddy Forum"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community-forum-ff69b4.svg" alt="Caddy Forum"></a>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy?badge" title="Caddy on Sourcegraph"><img src="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/-/badge.svg" alt="Caddy on Sourcegraph"></a>
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 	- Fully-managed local CA for internal names & IPs
 	- Can coordinate with other Caddy instances in a cluster
 	- Multi-issuer fallback
+	- Encrypted ClientHello (ECH) support
 - **Stays up when other servers go down** due to TLS/OCSP/certificate-related issues
 - **Production-ready** after serving trillions of requests and managing millions of TLS certificates
 - **Scales to hundreds of thousands of sites** as proven in production
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ See [our online documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install) for other i
 
 Requirements:
 
-- [Go 1.21 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.24.0 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
 
 ### For development
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ $ xcaddy build
 4. Initialize a Go module: `go mod init caddy`
 5. (Optional) Pin Caddy version: `go get github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@version` replacing `version` with a git tag, commit, or branch name.
 6. (Optional) Add plugins by adding their import: `_ "import/path/here"`
-7. Compile: `go build`
+7. Compile: `go build -tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx`
 
 
 
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ The docs are also open source. You can contribute to them here: https://github.c
 
 ## Getting help
 
-- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com/my/contact-us?dd=caddy) before help is needed.
+- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com) before help is needed.
 
 - A [sponsorship](https://github.com/sponsors/mholt) goes a long way! We can offer private help to sponsors. If Caddy is benefitting your company, please consider a sponsorship. This not only helps fund full-time work to ensure the longevity of the project, it provides your company the resources, support, and discounts you need; along with being a great look for your company to your customers and potential customers!
 
@@ -192,8 +193,8 @@ Matthew Holt began developing Caddy in 2014 while studying computer science at B
 
 **The name "Caddy" is trademarked.** The name of the software is "Caddy", not "Caddy Server" or "CaddyServer". Please call it "Caddy" or, if you wish to clarify, "the Caddy web server". Caddy is a registered trademark of Stack Holdings GmbH.
 
-- _Project on Twitter: [@caddyserver](https://twitter.com/caddyserver)_
+- _Project on X: [@caddyserver](https://x.com/caddyserver)_
-- _Author on Twitter: [@mholt6](https://twitter.com/mholt6)_
+- _Author on X: [@mholt6](https://x.com/mholt6)_
 
 Caddy is a project of [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com), a Stack Holdings company.
 

admin.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -213,14 +214,15 @@ type AdminPermissions struct {
 
 // newAdminHandler reads admin's config and returns an http.Handler suitable
 // for use in an admin endpoint server, which will be listening on listenAddr.
-func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool) adminHandler {
+func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Context) adminHandler {
 	muxWrap := adminHandler{mux: http.NewServeMux()}
 
 	// secure the local or remote endpoint respectively
 	if remote {
 		muxWrap.remoteControl = admin.Remote
 	} else {
-		muxWrap.enforceHost = !addr.isWildcardInterface()
+		// see comment in allowedOrigins() as to why we disable the host check for unix/fd networks
+		muxWrap.enforceHost = !addr.isWildcardInterface() && !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork()
 		muxWrap.allowedOrigins = admin.allowedOrigins(addr)
 		muxWrap.enforceOrigin = admin.EnforceOrigin
 	}
@@ -269,7 +271,6 @@ func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool) admi
 	// register third-party module endpoints
 	for _, m := range GetModules("admin.api") {
 		router := m.New().(AdminRouter)
-		handlerLabel := m.ID.Name()
 		for _, route := range router.Routes() {
 			addRoute(route.Pattern, handlerLabel, route.Handler)
 		}
@@ -310,9 +311,6 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 	for _, o := range admin.Origins {
 		uniqueOrigins[o] = struct{}{}
 	}
-	if admin.Origins == nil {
-		if addr.isLoopback() {
-			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 	// RFC 2616, Section 14.26:
 	// "A client MUST include a Host header field in all HTTP/1.1 request
 	// messages. If the requested URI does not include an Internet host
@@ -330,27 +328,26 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 	// bogus host; see https://superuser.com/a/925610.) If we disable Host/Origin
 	// security checks, the infosec community assures me that it is secure to do
 	// so, because:
+	//
 	// 1) Browsers do not allow access to unix sockets
 	// 2) DNS is irrelevant to unix sockets
 	//
-				// I am not quite ready to trust either of those external factors, so instead
+	// If either of those two statements ever fail to hold true, it is not the
-				// of disabling Host/Origin checks, we now allow specific Host values when
+	// fault of Caddy.
-				// accessing the admin endpoint over unix sockets. I definitely don't trust
+	//
-				// DNS (e.g. I don't trust 'localhost' to always resolve to the local host),
+	// Thus, we do not fill out allowed origins and do not enforce Host
-				// and IP shouldn't even be used, but if it is for some reason, I think we can
+	// requirements for unix sockets. Enforcing it leads to confusion and
-				// at least be reasonably assured that 127.0.0.1 and ::1 route to the local
+	// frustration, when UDS have their own permissions from the OS.
-				// machine, meaning that a hypothetical browser origin would have to be on the
+	// Enforcing host requirements here is effectively security theater,
-				// local machine as well.
+	// and a false sense of security.
-				uniqueOrigins[""] = struct{}{}
+	//
-				uniqueOrigins["127.0.0.1"] = struct{}{}
+	// See also the discussion in #6832.
-				uniqueOrigins["::1"] = struct{}{}
+	if admin.Origins == nil && !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork() {
-			} else {
+		if addr.isLoopback() {
 			uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("localhost", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
 			uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("::1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
 			uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
-			}
+		} else {
-		}
-		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 			uniqueOrigins[addr.JoinHostPort(0)] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
@@ -381,7 +378,9 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 // for the admin endpoint exists in cfg, a default one is used, so
 // that there is always an admin server (unless it is explicitly
 // configured to be disabled).
-func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config) error {
+// Critically note that some elements and functionality of the context
+// may not be ready, e.g. storage. Tread carefully.
+func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 	// always* be sure to close down the old admin endpoint
 	// as gracefully as possible, even if the new one is
 	// disabled -- careful to use reference to the current
@@ -423,7 +422,7 @@ func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, ctx)
 
 	ln, err := addr.Listen(context.TODO(), 0, net.ListenConfig{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -544,7 +543,7 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 
 	// make the HTTP handler but disable Host/Origin enforcement
 	// because we are using TLS authentication instead
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true, ctx)
 
 	// create client certificate pool for TLS mutual auth, and extract public keys
 	// so that we can enforce access controls at the application layer
@@ -675,13 +674,7 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 					// key recognized; make sure its HTTP request is permitted
 					for _, accessPerm := range adminAccess.Permissions {
 						// verify method
-						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil
+						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil || slices.Contains(accessPerm.Methods, r.Method)
-						for _, method := range accessPerm.Methods {
-							if method == r.Method {
-								methodFound = true
-								break
-							}
-						}
 						if !methodFound {
 							return APIError{
 								HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -877,13 +870,9 @@ func (h adminHandler) handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err er
 // a trustworthy/expected value. This helps to mitigate DNS
 // rebinding attacks.
 func (h adminHandler) checkHost(r *http.Request) error {
-	var allowed bool
+	allowed := slices.ContainsFunc(h.allowedOrigins, func(u *url.URL) bool {
-	for _, allowedOrigin := range h.allowedOrigins {
+		return r.Host == u.Host
-		if r.Host == allowedOrigin.Host {
+	})
-			allowed = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
 	if !allowed {
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -1147,7 +1136,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
 							path, idxStr, err)
 					}
-					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(arr) {
+					if idx < 0 || (method != http.MethodPut && idx >= len(arr)) || idx > len(arr) {
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] array index out of bounds: %s", path, idxStr)
 					}
 				}

admin_test.go

@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@
 package caddy
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
 )
 
 var testCfg = []byte(`{
@@ -203,3 +210,727 @@ func BenchmarkLoad(b *testing.B) {
 		Load(testCfg, true)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAdminHandlerErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	initAdminMetrics()
+
+	handler := adminHandler{
+		mux: http.NewServeMux(),
+	}
+
+	handler.mux.Handle("/error", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("test error")
+		handler.handleError(w, r, err)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/error", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code == http.StatusOK {
+		t.Error("expected error response, got success")
+	}
+
+	var apiErr APIError
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&apiErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decoding response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if apiErr.Message != "test error" {
+		t.Errorf("expected error message 'test error', got '%s'", apiErr.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func initAdminMetrics() {
+	if adminMetrics.requestErrors != nil {
+		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
+	}
+	if adminMetrics.requestCount != nil {
+		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
+	}
+
+	adminMetrics.requestErrors = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Namespace: "caddy",
+		Subsystem: "admin_http",
+		Name:      "request_errors_total",
+		Help:      "Number of errors that occurred handling admin endpoint requests",
+	}, []string{"handler", "path", "method"})
+
+	adminMetrics.requestCount = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Namespace: "caddy",
+		Subsystem: "admin_http",
+		Name:      "requests_total",
+		Help:      "Count of requests to the admin endpoint",
+	}, []string{"handler", "path", "code", "method"}) // Added code and method labels
+
+	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
+	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
+}
+
+func TestAdminHandlerBuiltinRouteErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	initAdminMetrics()
+
+	cfg := &Config{
+		Admin: &AdminConfig{
+			Listen: "localhost:2019",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg, Context{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setting up admin server: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		stopAdminServer(localAdminServer)
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		path           string
+		method         string
+		expectedStatus int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "stop endpoint wrong method",
+			path:           "/stop",
+			method:         http.MethodGet,
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "config endpoint wrong content-type",
+			path:           "/config/",
+			method:         http.MethodPost,
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "config ID missing ID",
+			path:           "/id/",
+			method:         http.MethodGet,
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(test.method, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:2019%s", test.path), nil)
+			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+			localAdminServer.Handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+			if rr.Code != test.expectedStatus {
+				t.Errorf("expected status %d but got %d", test.expectedStatus, rr.Code)
+			}
+
+			metricValue := testGetMetricValue(map[string]string{
+				"path":    test.path,
+				"handler": "admin",
+				"method":  test.method,
+			})
+			if metricValue != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("expected error metric to be incremented once, got %v", metricValue)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func testGetMetricValue(labels map[string]string) float64 {
+	promLabels := prometheus.Labels{}
+	for k, v := range labels {
+		promLabels[k] = v
+	}
+
+	metric, err := adminMetrics.requestErrors.GetMetricWith(promLabels)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	pb := &dto.Metric{}
+	metric.Write(pb)
+	return pb.GetCounter().GetValue()
+}
+
+type mockRouter struct {
+	routes []AdminRoute
+}
+
+func (m mockRouter) Routes() []AdminRoute {
+	return m.routes
+}
+
+type mockModule struct {
+	mockRouter
+}
+
+func (m *mockModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
+	return ModuleInfo{
+		ID: "admin.api.mock",
+		New: func() Module {
+			mm := &mockModule{
+				mockRouter: mockRouter{
+					routes: m.routes,
+				},
+			}
+			return mm
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewAdminHandlerRouterRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
+	for k, v := range modules {
+		originalModules[k] = v
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		modules = originalModules
+	}()
+
+	mockRoute := AdminRoute{
+		Pattern: "/mock",
+		Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			return nil
+		}),
+	}
+
+	mock := &mockModule{
+		mockRouter: mockRouter{
+			routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
+		},
+	}
+	RegisterModule(mock)
+
+	addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	admin := &AdminConfig{
+		EnforceOrigin: false,
+	}
+	handler := admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/mock", nil)
+	req.Host = "localhost:2019"
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Errorf("Expected status code %d but got %d", http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+		t.Logf("Response body: %s", rr.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	if len(admin.routers) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 router to be stored, got %d", len(admin.routers))
+	}
+}
+
+type mockProvisionableRouter struct {
+	mockRouter
+	provisionErr error
+	provisioned  bool
+}
+
+func (m *mockProvisionableRouter) Provision(Context) error {
+	m.provisioned = true
+	return m.provisionErr
+}
+
+type mockProvisionableModule struct {
+	*mockProvisionableRouter
+}
+
+func (m *mockProvisionableModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
+	return ModuleInfo{
+		ID: "admin.api.mock_provision",
+		New: func() Module {
+			mm := &mockProvisionableModule{
+				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
+					mockRouter:   m.mockRouter,
+					provisionErr: m.provisionErr,
+				},
+			}
+			return mm
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		provisionErr error
+		wantErr      bool
+		routersAfter int // expected number of routers after provisioning
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "successful provisioning",
+			provisionErr: nil,
+			wantErr:      false,
+			routersAfter: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "provisioning error",
+			provisionErr: fmt.Errorf("provision failed"),
+			wantErr:      true,
+			routersAfter: 1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
+			for k, v := range modules {
+				originalModules[k] = v
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				modules = originalModules
+			}()
+
+			mockRoute := AdminRoute{
+				Pattern: "/mock",
+				Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+					return nil
+				}),
+			}
+
+			// Create provisionable module
+			mock := &mockProvisionableModule{
+				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
+					mockRouter: mockRouter{
+						routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
+					},
+					provisionErr: test.provisionErr,
+				},
+			}
+			RegisterModule(mock)
+
+			admin := &AdminConfig{}
+			addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_ = admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
+			err = admin.provisionAdminRouters(Context{})
+
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(admin.routers) != test.routersAfter {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d routers after provisioning, got %d", test.routersAfter, len(admin.routers))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowedOriginsUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// see comment in allowedOrigins() as to why we do not fill out allowed origins for UDS
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		addr          NetworkAddress
+		origins       []string
+		expectOrigins []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "unix socket with default origins",
+			addr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "unix",
+				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
+			},
+			origins:       nil, // default origins
+			expectOrigins: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unix socket with custom origins",
+			addr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "unix",
+				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
+			},
+			origins: []string{"example.com"},
+			expectOrigins: []string{
+				"example.com",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tcp socket on localhost gets all loopback addresses",
+			addr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network:   "tcp",
+				Host:      "localhost",
+				StartPort: 2019,
+				EndPort:   2019,
+			},
+			origins: nil,
+			expectOrigins: []string{
+				"localhost:2019",
+				"[::1]:2019",
+				"127.0.0.1:2019",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			admin := AdminConfig{
+				Origins: test.origins,
+			}
+
+			got := admin.allowedOrigins(test.addr)
+
+			var gotOrigins []string
+			for _, u := range got {
+				gotOrigins = append(gotOrigins, u.Host)
+			}
+
+			if len(gotOrigins) != len(test.expectOrigins) {
+				t.Errorf("%d: Expected %d origins but got %d", i, len(test.expectOrigins), len(gotOrigins))
+				return
+			}
+
+			expectMap := make(map[string]struct{})
+			for _, origin := range test.expectOrigins {
+				expectMap[origin] = struct{}{}
+			}
+
+			gotMap := make(map[string]struct{})
+			for _, origin := range gotOrigins {
+				gotMap[origin] = struct{}{}
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(expectMap, gotMap) {
+				t.Errorf("%d: Origins mismatch.\nExpected: %v\nGot: %v", i, test.expectOrigins, gotOrigins)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReplaceRemoteAdminServer(t *testing.T) {
+	const testCert = `MIIDCTCCAfGgAwIBAgIUXsqJ1mY8pKlHQtI3HJ23x2eZPqwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL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`
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		cfg     *Config
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "nil config",
+			cfg:     nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil admin config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: nil,
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil remote config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid listen address",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
+						Listen: "invalid:address",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
+					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
+						Listen: "localhost:2021",
+						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
+							{
+								PublicKeys:  []string{testCert},
+								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid certificate",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
+					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
+						Listen: "localhost:2021",
+						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
+							{
+								PublicKeys:  []string{"invalid-cert-data"},
+								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := Context{
+				Context: context.Background(),
+				cfg:     test.cfg,
+			}
+
+			if test.cfg != nil {
+				test.cfg.storage = &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
+			}
+
+			if test.cfg != nil && test.cfg.Admin != nil && test.cfg.Admin.Identity != nil {
+				identityCertCache = certmagic.NewCache(certmagic.CacheOptions{
+					GetConfigForCert: func(certmagic.Certificate) (*certmagic.Config, error) {
+						return &certmagic.Config{}, nil
+					},
+				})
+			}
+
+			err := replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx, test.cfg)
+
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Clean up
+			if remoteAdminServer != nil {
+				_ = stopAdminServer(remoteAdminServer)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type mockIssuer struct {
+	configSet *certmagic.Config
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuer) Issue(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*certmagic.IssuedCertificate, error) {
+	return &certmagic.IssuedCertificate{
+		Certificate: []byte(csr.Raw),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuer) SetConfig(cfg *certmagic.Config) {
+	m.configSet = cfg
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuer) IssuerKey() string {
+	return "mock"
+}
+
+type mockIssuerModule struct {
+	*mockIssuer
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuerModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
+	return ModuleInfo{
+		ID: "tls.issuance.acme",
+		New: func() Module {
+			return &mockIssuerModule{mockIssuer: new(mockIssuer)}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManageIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
+	for k, v := range modules {
+		originalModules[k] = v
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		modules = originalModules
+	}()
+
+	RegisterModule(&mockIssuerModule{})
+
+	certPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----`)
+
+	keyPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDRS0LmTwUT0iwP
+...
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----`)
+
+	testStorage := certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
+	err := testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.crt", certPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.key", keyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		cfg        *Config
+		wantErr    bool
+		checkState func(*testing.T, *Config)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "nil config",
+			cfg:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil admin config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: nil,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil identity config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "default issuer when none specified",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
+						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
+					},
+				},
+				storage: &testStorage,
+			},
+			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
+				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) == 0 {
+					t.Error("Expected at least 1 issuer to be configured")
+					return
+				}
+				if _, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule); !ok {
+					t.Error("Expected mock issuer to be configured")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "custom issuer",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
+						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
+						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
+							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "acme"}`),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				storage: &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: "testdata"},
+			},
+			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
+				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) != 1 {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected 1 issuer, got %d", len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers))
+				}
+				mockIss, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule)
+				if !ok {
+					t.Fatal("Expected mock issuer")
+				}
+				if mockIss.configSet == nil {
+					t.Error("Issuer config was not set")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid issuer module",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
+						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
+						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
+							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "doesnt_exist"}`),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if identityCertCache != nil {
+				// Reset the cert cache before each test
+				identityCertCache.Stop()
+				identityCertCache = nil
+			}
+
+			ctx := Context{
+				Context:         context.Background(),
+				cfg:             test.cfg,
+				moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module),
+			}
+
+			err := manageIdentity(ctx, test.cfg)
+
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if test.checkState != nil {
+				test.checkState(t, test.cfg)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

caddy.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
@@ -84,11 +83,12 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	apps         map[string]App
 	storage      certmagic.Storage
+	eventEmitter eventEmitter
 
 	cancelFunc context.CancelFunc
 
-	// filesystems is a dict of filesystems that will later be loaded from and added to.
+	// fileSystems is a dict of fileSystems that will later be loaded from and added to.
-	filesystems FileSystems
+	fileSystems FileSystems
 }
 
 // App is a thing that Caddy runs.
@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@ func unsyncedDecodeAndRun(cfgJSON []byte, allowPersist bool) error {
 func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 	ctx, err := provisionContext(newCfg, start)
 	if err != nil {
+		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 		return ctx, err
 	}
 
@@ -411,6 +412,7 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 	// some of the other apps at runtime
 	err = ctx.cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
+		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 		return ctx, err
 	}
 
@@ -436,8 +438,14 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		return nil
 	}()
 	if err != nil {
+		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 		return ctx, err
 	}
+	globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(1)
+	globalMetrics.configSuccessTime.SetToCurrentTime()
+
+	// TODO: This event is experimental and subject to change.
+	ctx.emitEvent("started", nil)
 
 	// now that the user's config is running, finish setting up anything else,
 	// such as remote admin endpoint, config loader, etc.
@@ -472,6 +480,7 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)
 	ctx, cancel := NewContext(Context{Context: context.Background(), cfg: newCfg})
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
+			globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 			// if there were any errors during startup,
 			// we should cancel the new context we created
 			// since the associated config won't be used;
@@ -498,14 +507,14 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)
 
 	// start the admin endpoint (and stop any prior one)
 	if replaceAdminServer {
-		err = replaceLocalAdminServer(newCfg)
+		err = replaceLocalAdminServer(newCfg, ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ctx, fmt.Errorf("starting caddy administration endpoint: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// create the new filesystem map
-	newCfg.filesystems = &filesystems.FilesystemMap{}
+	newCfg.fileSystems = &filesystems.FileSystemMap{}
 
 	// prepare the new config for use
 	newCfg.apps = make(map[string]App)
@@ -692,6 +701,9 @@ func unsyncedStop(ctx Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// TODO: This event is experimental and subject to change.
+	ctx.emitEvent("stopping", nil)
+
 	// stop each app
 	for name, a := range ctx.cfg.apps {
 		err := a.Stop()
@@ -721,8 +733,10 @@ func Validate(cfg *Config) error {
 // Errors are logged along the way, and an appropriate exit
 // code is emitted.
 func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
-	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting
+	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting; only do it once
-	atomic.StoreInt32(exiting, 1)
+	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(exiting, 0, 1) {
+		return
+	}
 
 	// give the OS or service/process manager our 2 weeks' notice: we quit
 	if err := notify.Stopping(); err != nil {
@@ -779,10 +793,7 @@ func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
 			} else {
 				logger.Error("unclean shutdown")
 			}
-			// check if we are in test environment, and dont call exit if we are
-			if flag.Lookup("test.v") == nil && !strings.Contains(os.Args[0], ".test") {
 			os.Exit(exitCode)
-			}
 		}()
 
 		if remoteAdminServer != nil {
@@ -1035,6 +1046,92 @@ func Version() (simple, full string) {
 	return
 }
 
+// Event represents something that has happened or is happening.
+// An Event value is not synchronized, so it should be copied if
+// being used in goroutines.
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL: Events are subject to change.
+type Event struct {
+	// If non-nil, the event has been aborted, meaning
+	// propagation has stopped to other handlers and
+	// the code should stop what it was doing. Emitters
+	// may choose to use this as a signal to adjust their
+	// code path appropriately.
+	Aborted error
+
+	// The data associated with the event. Usually the
+	// original emitter will be the only one to set or
+	// change these values, but the field is exported
+	// so handlers can have full access if needed.
+	// However, this map is not synchronized, so
+	// handlers must not use this map directly in new
+	// goroutines; instead, copy the map to use it in a
+	// goroutine. Data may be nil.
+	Data map[string]any
+
+	id     uuid.UUID
+	ts     time.Time
+	name   string
+	origin Module
+}
+
+// NewEvent creates a new event, but does not emit the event. To emit an
+// event, call Emit() on the current instance of the caddyevents app insteaad.
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
+func NewEvent(ctx Context, name string, data map[string]any) (Event, error) {
+	id, err := uuid.NewRandom()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Event{}, fmt.Errorf("generating new event ID: %v", err)
+	}
+	name = strings.ToLower(name)
+	return Event{
+		Data:   data,
+		id:     id,
+		ts:     time.Now(),
+		name:   name,
+		origin: ctx.Module(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (e Event) ID() uuid.UUID        { return e.id }
+func (e Event) Timestamp() time.Time { return e.ts }
+func (e Event) Name() string         { return e.name }
+func (e Event) Origin() Module       { return e.origin } // Returns the module that originated the event. May be nil, usually if caddy core emits the event.
+
+// CloudEvent exports event e as a structure that, when
+// serialized as JSON, is compatible with the
+// CloudEvents spec.
+func (e Event) CloudEvent() CloudEvent {
+	dataJSON, _ := json.Marshal(e.Data)
+	return CloudEvent{
+		ID:              e.id.String(),
+		Source:          e.origin.CaddyModule().String(),
+		SpecVersion:     "1.0",
+		Type:            e.name,
+		Time:            e.ts,
+		DataContentType: "application/json",
+		Data:            dataJSON,
+	}
+}
+
+// CloudEvent is a JSON-serializable structure that
+// is compatible with the CloudEvents specification.
+// See https://cloudevents.io.
+// EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
+type CloudEvent struct {
+	ID              string          `json:"id"`
+	Source          string          `json:"source"`
+	SpecVersion     string          `json:"specversion"`
+	Type            string          `json:"type"`
+	Time            time.Time       `json:"time"`
+	DataContentType string          `json:"datacontenttype,omitempty"`
+	Data            json.RawMessage `json:"data,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ErrEventAborted cancels an event.
+var ErrEventAborted = errors.New("event aborted")
+
 // ActiveContext returns the currently-active context.
 // This function is experimental and might be changed
 // or removed in the future.

caddyconfig/caddyfile/dispenser.go

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) EOFErr() error {
 
 // Err generates a custom parse-time error with a message of msg.
 func (d *Dispenser) Err(msg string) error {
-	return d.Errf(msg)
+	return d.WrapErr(errors.New(msg))
 }
 
 // Errf is like Err, but for formatted error messages

caddyconfig/caddyfile/formatter.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		heredocClosingMarker []rune
 
 		nesting         int // indentation level
+		withinBackquote bool
 	)
 
 	write := func(ch rune) {
@@ -88,6 +89,9 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			}
 			panic(err)
 		}
+		if ch == '`' {
+			withinBackquote = !withinBackquote
+		}
 
 		// detect whether we have the start of a heredoc
 		if !quoted && !(heredoc != heredocClosed || heredocEscaped) &&
@@ -236,14 +240,23 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		switch {
 		case ch == '{':
 			openBrace = true
-			openBraceWritten = false
 			openBraceSpace = spacePrior && !beginningOfLine
 			if openBraceSpace {
 				write(' ')
 			}
+			openBraceWritten = false
+			if withinBackquote {
+				write('{')
+				openBraceWritten = true
+				continue
+			}
 			continue
 
 		case ch == '}' && (spacePrior || !openBrace):
+			if withinBackquote {
+				write('}')
+				continue
+			}
 			if last != '\n' {
 				nextLine()
 			}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/formatter_test.go

@@ -434,6 +434,16 @@ block2 {
 }
 `,
 		},
+		{
+			description: "Preserve braces wrapped by backquotes",
+			input:       "block {respond `All braces should remain: {{now | date \"2006\"}}`}",
+			expect:      "block {respond `All braces should remain: {{now | date \"2006\"}}`}",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Preserve braces wrapped by quotes",
+			input:       "block {respond \"All braces should remain: {{now | date `2006`}}\"}",
+			expect:      "block {respond \"All braces should remain: {{now | date `2006`}}\"}",
+		},
 	} {
 		// the formatter should output a trailing newline,
 		// even if the tests aren't written to expect that

caddyconfig/caddyfile/importgraph.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package caddyfile
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 )
 
 type adjacency map[string][]string
@@ -91,12 +92,7 @@ func (i *importGraph) areConnected(from, to string) bool {
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
-	for _, v := range al {
+	return slices.Contains(al, to)
-		if v == to {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
 }
 
 func (i *importGraph) willCycle(from, to string) bool {

caddyconfig/caddyfile/parse.go

@@ -264,9 +264,14 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 				return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot contain a comma ',': '%s' - put a space after the comma to separate site addresses", value)
 			}
 
+			// After the above, a comma surrounded by spaces would result
+			// in an empty token which we should ignore
+			if value != "" {
+				// Add the token as a site address
 				token.Text = value
 				p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, token)
 			}
+		}
 
 		// Advance token and possibly break out of loop or return error
 		hasNext := p.Next()
@@ -418,7 +423,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 		// make path relative to the file of the _token_ being processed rather
 		// than current working directory (issue #867) and then use glob to get
 		// list of matching filenames
-		absFile, err := filepath.Abs(p.Dispenser.File())
+		absFile, err := caddy.FastAbs(p.Dispenser.File())
 		if err != nil {
 			return p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", p.Dispenser.File(), err)
 		}
@@ -617,7 +622,7 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 
 	// Tack the file path onto these tokens so errors show the imported file's name
 	// (we use full, absolute path to avoid bugs: issue #1892)
-	filename, err := filepath.Abs(importFile)
+	filename, err := caddy.FastAbs(importFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/parse_test.go

@@ -555,6 +555,10 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 			{"localhost:1234", "http://host2"},
 		}},
 
+		{`foo.example.com   ,   example.com`, false, [][]string{
+			{"foo.example.com", "example.com"},
+		}},
+
 		{`localhost:1234, http://host2,`, true, [][]string{}},
 
 		{`http://host1.com, http://host2.com {
@@ -614,8 +618,8 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		for j, block := range blocks {
 			if len(block.Keys) != len(test.keys[j]) {
-				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d",
+				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d: %v",
-					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys))
+					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys), block.Keys)
 				continue
 			}
 			for k, addr := range block.GetKeysText() {

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )
 
-// mapAddressToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
+// mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
 // blocks that will be served on that address. To do this, each server block is
 // expanded so that each one is considered individually, although keys of a
 // server block that share the same address stay grouped together so the config
@@ -77,10 +77,15 @@ import (
 // repetition may be undesirable, so call consolidateAddrMappings() to map
 // multiple addresses to the same lists of server blocks (a many:many mapping).
 // (Doing this is essentially a map-reduce technique.)
-func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
+func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
 	options map[string]any,
-) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
+) (map[string]map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
-	sbmap := make(map[string][]serverBlock)
+	addrToProtocolToServerBlocks := map[string]map[string][]serverBlock{}
+
+	type keyWithParsedKey struct {
+		key       caddyfile.Token
+		parsedKey Address
+	}
 
 	for i, sblock := range originalServerBlocks {
 		// within a server block, we need to map all the listener addresses
@@ -88,27 +93,48 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBloc
 		// will be served by them; this has the effect of treating each
 		// key of a server block as its own, but without having to repeat its
 		// contents in cases where multiple keys really can be served together
-		addrToKeys := make(map[string][]caddyfile.Token)
+		addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := map[string]map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
 		for j, key := range sblock.block.Keys {
+			parsedKey, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
+			}
+			parsedKey = parsedKey.Normalize()
+
 			// a key can have multiple listener addresses if there are multiple
 			// arguments to the 'bind' directive (although they will all have
 			// the same port, since the port is defined by the key or is implicit
 			// through automatic HTTPS)
-			addrs, err := st.listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock, key.Text, options)
+			listeners, err := st.listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock, parsedKey, options)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key.Text, err)
 			}
 
-			// associate this key with each listener address it is served on
+			// associate this key with its protocols and each listener address served with them
-			for _, addr := range addrs {
+			kwpk := keyWithParsedKey{key, parsedKey}
-				addrToKeys[addr] = append(addrToKeys[addr], key)
+			for addr, protocols := range listeners {
+				protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys, ok := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
+				if !ok {
+					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys = map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
+					addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr] = protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys
+				}
+
+				// an empty protocol indicates the default, a nil or empty value in the ListenProtocols array
+				if len(protocols) == 0 {
+					protocols[""] = struct{}{}
+				}
+				for prot := range protocols {
+					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot] = append(
+						protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot],
+						kwpk)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		// make a slice of the map keys so we can iterate in sorted order
-		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToKeys))
+		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
-		for k := range addrToKeys {
+		for addr := range addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
-			addrs = append(addrs, k)
+			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(addrs)
 
@@ -118,85 +144,132 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBloc
 		// server block are only the ones which use the address; but
 		// the contents (tokens) are of course the same
 		for _, addr := range addrs {
-			keys := addrToKeys[addr]
+			protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
-			// parse keys so that we only have to do it once
+
-			parsedKeys := make([]Address, 0, len(keys))
+			prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
-			for _, key := range keys {
+			for prot := range protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
-				addr, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
+				prots = append(prots, prot)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key '%s': %v", key.Text, err)
 			}
-				parsedKeys = append(parsedKeys, addr.Normalize())
+			sort.Strings(prots)
+
+			protocolToServerBlocks, ok := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
+			if !ok {
+				protocolToServerBlocks = map[string][]serverBlock{}
+				addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr] = protocolToServerBlocks
 			}
-			sbmap[addr] = append(sbmap[addr], serverBlock{
+
+			for _, prot := range prots {
+				keyWithParsedKeys := protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot]
+
+				keys := make([]caddyfile.Token, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
+				parsedKeys := make([]Address, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
+
+				for k, keyWithParsedKey := range keyWithParsedKeys {
+					keys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.key
+					parsedKeys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.parsedKey
+				}
+
+				protocolToServerBlocks[prot] = append(protocolToServerBlocks[prot], serverBlock{
 					block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
 						Keys:     keys,
 						Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
 					},
 					pile:       sblock.pile,
-				keys: parsedKeys,
+					parsedKeys: parsedKeys,
 				})
 			}
 		}
+	}
 
-	return sbmap, nil
+	return addrToProtocolToServerBlocks, nil
 }
 
 // consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
-// single listener addresses to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses may serve
+// single listener addresses to protocols to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses
-// identical sites (server block contents), this function turns a 1:many mapping into a
+// may serve multiple protocols to identical sites (server block contents), this function turns
-// many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be exactly identical so that
+// a 1:many mapping into a many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be
-// reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined. Identical
+// exactly identical so that reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined.
-// entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
+// Identical entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
 // association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
 // the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
-func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToServerBlocks map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
+func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks map[string]map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
-	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToServerBlocks))
+	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
-	for addr, sblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
+
-		// we start with knowing that at least this address
+	addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
-		// maps to these server blocks
+	for addr := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
-		a := sbAddrAssociation{
+		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
-			addresses:    []string{addr},
-			serverBlocks: sblocks,
 	}
+	sort.Strings(addrs)
+
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		protocolToServerBlocks := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
+
+		prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToServerBlocks))
+		for prot := range protocolToServerBlocks {
+			prots = append(prots, prot)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(prots)
+
+		for _, prot := range prots {
+			serverBlocks := protocolToServerBlocks[prot]
 
 			// now find other addresses that map to identical
-		// server blocks and add them to our list of
+			// server blocks and add them to our map of listener
-		// addresses, while removing them from the map
+			// addresses and protocols, while removing them from
-		for otherAddr, otherSblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
+			// the original map
-			if addr == otherAddr {
+			listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
-				continue
-			}
-			if reflect.DeepEqual(sblocks, otherSblocks) {
-				a.addresses = append(a.addresses, otherAddr)
-				delete(addrToServerBlocks, otherAddr)
-			}
-		}
-		sort.Strings(a.addresses)
 
-		sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, a)
+			for otherAddr, otherProtocolToServerBlocks := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
+				for otherProt, otherServerBlocks := range otherProtocolToServerBlocks {
+					if addr == otherAddr && prot == otherProt || reflect.DeepEqual(serverBlocks, otherServerBlocks) {
+						listener, ok := listeners[otherAddr]
+						if !ok {
+							listener = map[string]struct{}{}
+							listeners[otherAddr] = listener
+						}
+						listener[otherProt] = struct{}{}
+						delete(otherProtocolToServerBlocks, otherProt)
+					}
+				}
 			}
 
-	// sort them by their first address (we know there will always be at least one)
+			addresses := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
-	// to avoid problems with non-deterministic ordering (makes tests flaky)
+			for lnAddr := range listeners {
-	sort.Slice(sbaddrs, func(i, j int) bool {
+				addresses = append(addresses, lnAddr)
-		return sbaddrs[i].addresses[0] < sbaddrs[j].addresses[0]
+			}
+			sort.Strings(addresses)
+
+			addressesWithProtocols := make([]addressWithProtocols, 0, len(listeners))
+
+			for _, lnAddr := range addresses {
+				lnProts := listeners[lnAddr]
+				prots := make([]string, 0, len(lnProts))
+				for prot := range lnProts {
+					prots = append(prots, prot)
+				}
+				sort.Strings(prots)
+
+				addressesWithProtocols = append(addressesWithProtocols, addressWithProtocols{
+					address:   lnAddr,
+					protocols: prots,
 				})
+			}
+
+			sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, sbAddrAssociation{
+				addressesWithProtocols: addressesWithProtocols,
+				serverBlocks:           serverBlocks,
+			})
+		}
+	}
 
 	return sbaddrs
 }
 
-// listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey essentially converts the Caddyfile
+// listenersForServerBlockAddress essentially converts the Caddyfile site addresses to a map from
-// site addresses to Caddy listener addresses for each server block.
+// Caddy listener addresses and the protocols to serve them with to the parsed address for each server block.
-func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key string,
+func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Address,
 	options map[string]any,
-) ([]string, error) {
+) (map[string]map[string]struct{}, error) {
-	addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
-	}
-	addr = addr.Normalize()
-
 	switch addr.Scheme {
 	case "wss":
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the scheme wss:// is only supported in browsers; use https:// instead")
@@ -230,55 +303,58 @@ func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key str
 
 	// error if scheme and port combination violate convention
 	if (addr.Scheme == "http" && lnPort == httpsPort) || (addr.Scheme == "https" && lnPort == httpPort) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", key)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", addr.String())
 	}
 
-	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), but is optional
+	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), and the protocols to serve them with, but is optional
-	lnHosts := make([]string, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
+	lnCfgVals := make([]addressesWithProtocols, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
 	for _, cfgVal := range sblock.pile["bind"] {
-		lnHosts = append(lnHosts, cfgVal.Value.([]string)...)
+		if val, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok {
+			lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, val)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(lnCfgVals) == 0 {
+		if defaultBindValues, ok := options["default_bind"].([]ConfigValue); ok {
+			for _, defaultBindValue := range defaultBindValues {
+				lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, defaultBindValue.Value.(addressesWithProtocols))
 			}
-	if len(lnHosts) == 0 {
-		if defaultBind, ok := options["default_bind"].([]string); ok {
-			lnHosts = defaultBind
 		} else {
-			lnHosts = []string{""}
+			lnCfgVals = []addressesWithProtocols{{
+				addresses: []string{""},
+				protocols: nil,
+			}}
 		}
 	}
 
 	// use a map to prevent duplication
-	listeners := make(map[string]struct{})
+	listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
-	for _, lnHost := range lnHosts {
+	for _, lnCfgVal := range lnCfgVals {
-		// normally we would simply append the port,
+		for _, lnAddr := range lnCfgVal.addresses {
-		// but if lnHost is IPv6, we need to ensure it
+			lnNetw, lnHost, _, err := caddy.SplitNetworkAddress(lnAddr)
-		// is enclosed in [ ]; net.JoinHostPort does
+			if err != nil {
-		// this for us, but lnHost might also have a
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("splitting listener address: %v", err)
-		// network type in front (e.g. "tcp/") leading
-		// to "[tcp/::1]" which causes parsing failures
-		// later; what we need is "tcp/[::1]", so we have
-		// to split the network and host, then re-combine
-		network, host, ok := strings.Cut(lnHost, "/")
-		if !ok {
-			host = network
-			network = ""
 			}
-		host = strings.Trim(host, "[]") // IPv6
+			networkAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(lnNetw, lnHost, lnPort))
-		networkAddr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, lnPort)
-		addr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(networkAddr)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
 			}
-		listeners[addr.String()] = struct{}{}
+			if _, ok := listeners[addr.String()]; !ok {
+				listeners[networkAddr.String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
+			}
+			for _, protocol := range lnCfgVal.protocols {
+				listeners[networkAddr.String()][protocol] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	// now turn map into list
+	return listeners, nil
-	listenersList := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
-	for lnStr := range listeners {
-		listenersList = append(listenersList, lnStr)
 }
-	sort.Strings(listenersList)
 
-	return listenersList, nil
+// addressesWithProtocols associates a list of listen addresses
+// with a list of protocols to serve them with
+type addressesWithProtocols struct {
+	addresses []string
+	protocols []string
 }
 
 // Address represents a site address. It contains

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/builtins.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -56,15 +56,35 @@ func init() {
 
 // parseBind parses the bind directive. Syntax:
 //
-//	bind <addresses...>
+//		bind <addresses...> [{
+//	   protocols [h1|h2|h2c|h3] [...]
+//	 }]
 func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	h.Next() // consume directive name
-	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: h.RemainingArgs()}}, nil
+	var addresses, protocols []string
+	addresses = h.RemainingArgs()
+
+	for h.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch h.Val() {
+		case "protocols":
+			protocols = h.RemainingArgs()
+			if len(protocols) == 0 {
+				return nil, h.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
+			}
+		default:
+			return nil, h.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", h.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
+		addresses: addresses,
+		protocols: protocols,
+	}}}, nil
 }
 
 // parseTLS parses the tls directive. Syntax:
 //
-//	tls [<email>|internal]|[<cert_file> <key_file>] {
+//	tls [<email>|internal|force_automate]|[<cert_file> <key_file>] {
 //	    protocols <min> [<max>]
 //	    ciphers   <cipher_suites...>
 //	    curves    <curves...>
@@ -79,7 +99,7 @@ func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 //	    ca                            <acme_ca_endpoint>
 //	    ca_root                       <pem_file>
 //	    key_type                      [ed25519|p256|p384|rsa2048|rsa4096]
-//	    dns                           <provider_name> [...]
+//	    dns                           [<provider_name> [...]]    (required, though, if DNS is not configured as global option)
 //	    propagation_delay             <duration>
 //	    propagation_timeout           <duration>
 //	    resolvers                     <dns_servers...>
@@ -87,6 +107,7 @@ func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 //	    dns_challenge_override_domain <domain>
 //	    on_demand
 //	    reuse_private_keys
+//	    force_automate
 //	    eab                           <key_id> <mac_key>
 //	    issuer                        <module_name> [...]
 //	    get_certificate               <module_name> [...]
@@ -106,6 +127,7 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	var certManagers []certmagic.Manager
 	var onDemand bool
 	var reusePrivateKeys bool
+	var forceAutomate bool
 
 	firstLine := h.RemainingArgs()
 	switch len(firstLine) {
@@ -113,8 +135,10 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	case 1:
 		if firstLine[0] == "internal" {
 			internalIssuer = new(caddytls.InternalIssuer)
+		} else if firstLine[0] == "force_automate" {
+			forceAutomate = true
 		} else if !strings.Contains(firstLine[0], "@") {
-			return nil, h.Err("single argument must either be 'internal' or an email address")
+			return nil, h.Err("single argument must either be 'internal', 'force_automate', or an email address")
 		} else {
 			acmeIssuer = &caddytls.ACMEIssuer{
 				Email: firstLine[0],
@@ -288,10 +312,6 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			certManagers = append(certManagers, certManager)
 
 		case "dns":
-			if !h.NextArg() {
-				return nil, h.ArgErr()
-			}
-			provName := h.Val()
 			if acmeIssuer == nil {
 				acmeIssuer = new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)
 			}
@@ -301,12 +321,19 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
 				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
 			}
+			// DNS provider configuration optional, since it may be configured globally via the TLS app with global options
+			if h.NextArg() {
+				provName := h.Val()
 				modID := "dns.providers." + provName
 				unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(h.Dispenser, modID)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", provName, h.warnings)
+			} else if h.Option("dns") == nil {
+				// if DNS is omitted locally, it needs to be configured globally
+				return nil, h.ArgErr()
+			}
 
 		case "resolvers":
 			args := h.RemainingArgs()
@@ -549,6 +576,15 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 		})
 	}
 
+	// if enabled, the names in the site addresses will be
+	// added to the automation policies
+	if forceAutomate {
+		configVals = append(configVals, ConfigValue{
+			Class: "tls.force_automate",
+			Value: true,
+		})
+	}
+
 	// custom certificate selection
 	if len(certSelector.AnyTag) > 0 {
 		cp.CertSelection = &certSelector
@@ -961,6 +997,50 @@ func parseLogHelper(h Helper, globalLogNames map[string]struct{}) ([]ConfigValue
 			}
 			cl.WriterRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(wo, "output", moduleName, h.warnings)
 
+		case "sampling":
+			d := h.Dispenser.NewFromNextSegment()
+			for d.NextArg() {
+				// consume any tokens on the same line, if any.
+			}
+
+			sampling := &caddy.LogSampling{}
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				subdir := d.Val()
+				switch subdir {
+				case "interval":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					interval, err := time.ParseDuration(d.Val() + "ns")
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse interval: %v", err)
+					}
+					sampling.Interval = interval
+				case "first":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					first, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse first: %v", err)
+					}
+					sampling.First = first
+				case "thereafter":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					thereafter, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse thereafter: %v", err)
+					}
+					sampling.Thereafter = thereafter
+				default:
+					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized subdirective: %s", subdir)
+				}
+			}
+
+			cl.Sampling = sampling
+
 		case "core":
 			if !h.NextArg() {
 				return nil, h.ArgErr()

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/builtins_test.go

@@ -62,6 +62,20 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.name-override"]},"name-override":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"core":{"module":"mock"},"include":["http.log.access.name-override"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"name-override"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
+		{
+			input: `:8080 {
+				log {
+					sampling {
+						interval 2
+						first 3
+						thereafter 4
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"sampling":{"interval":2,"first":3,"thereafter":4},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
+			expectError: false,
+		},
 	} {
 
 		adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -100,17 +101,6 @@ var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 // plugins or by the user via the "order" global option.
 var directiveOrder = defaultDirectiveOrder
 
-// directiveIsOrdered returns true if dir is
-// a known, ordered (sorted) directive.
-func directiveIsOrdered(dir string) bool {
-	for _, d := range directiveOrder {
-		if d == dir {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // RegisterDirective registers a unique directive dir with an
 // associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When directive dir
 // is encountered in a Caddyfile, setupFunc will be called to
@@ -161,7 +151,7 @@ func RegisterHandlerDirective(dir string, setupFunc UnmarshalHandlerFunc) {
 // EXPERIMENTAL: This API may change or be removed.
 func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string) {
 	// check if directive was already ordered
-	if directiveIsOrdered(dir) {
+	if slices.Contains(directiveOrder, dir) {
 		panic("directive '" + dir + "' already ordered")
 	}
 
@@ -172,12 +162,7 @@ func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string)
 	// check if directive exists in standard distribution, since
 	// we can't allow plugins to depend on one another; we can't
 	// guarantee the order that plugins are loaded in.
-	foundStandardDir := false
+	foundStandardDir := slices.Contains(defaultDirectiveOrder, standardDir)
-	for _, d := range defaultDirectiveOrder {
-		if d == standardDir {
-			foundStandardDir = true
-		}
-	}
 	if !foundStandardDir {
 		panic("the 3rd argument '" + standardDir + "' must be a directive that exists in the standard distribution of Caddy")
 	}
@@ -533,7 +518,7 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 type serverBlock struct {
 	block      caddyfile.ServerBlock
 	pile       map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
-	keys  []Address
+	parsedKeys []Address
 }
 
 // hostsFromKeys returns a list of all the non-empty hostnames found in
@@ -550,7 +535,7 @@ type serverBlock struct {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			if !loggerMode {
 				// server block contains a key like ":443", i.e. the host portion
@@ -582,7 +567,7 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -603,23 +588,17 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 // hasHostCatchAllKey returns true if sb has a key that
 // omits a host portion, i.e. it "catches all" hosts.
 func (sb serverBlock) hasHostCatchAllKey() bool {
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
-		if addr.Host == "" {
+		return addr.Host == ""
-			return true
+	})
-		}
-	}
-	return false
 }
 
 // isAllHTTP returns true if all sb keys explicitly specify
 // the http:// scheme
 func (sb serverBlock) isAllHTTP() bool {
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
-		if addr.Scheme != "http" {
+		return addr.Scheme != "http"
-			return false
+	})
-		}
-	}
-	return true
 }
 
 // Positional are the supported modes for ordering directives.

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives_test.go

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]string{"example.com:2015"},
 		},
 	} {
-		sb := serverBlock{keys: tc.keys}
+		sb := serverBlock{parsedKeys: tc.keys}
 
 		// test in normal mode
 		actual := sb.hostsFromKeys(false)

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	}
 
 	// map
-	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
+	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
@@ -186,12 +187,25 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
 
+	// hoist the metrics config from per-server to global
+	metrics, _ := options["metrics"].(*caddyhttp.Metrics)
+	for _, s := range servers {
+		if s.Metrics != nil {
+			metrics = cmp.Or(metrics, &caddyhttp.Metrics{})
+			metrics = &caddyhttp.Metrics{
+				PerHost: metrics.PerHost || s.Metrics.PerHost,
+			}
+			s.Metrics = nil // we don't need it anymore
+		}
+	}
+
 	// now that each server is configured, make the HTTP app
 	httpApp := caddyhttp.App{
 		HTTPPort:      tryInt(options["http_port"], &warnings),
 		HTTPSPort:     tryInt(options["https_port"], &warnings),
 		GracePeriod:   tryDuration(options["grace_period"], &warnings),
 		ShutdownDelay: tryDuration(options["shutdown_delay"], &warnings),
+		Metrics:       metrics,
 		Servers:       servers,
 	}
 
@@ -336,7 +350,7 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 
 				// avoid duplicates by sorting + compacting
 				sort.Strings(defaultLog.Exclude)
-				defaultLog.Exclude = slices.Compact[[]string, string](defaultLog.Exclude)
+				defaultLog.Exclude = slices.Compact(defaultLog.Exclude)
 			}
 		}
 		// we may have not actually added anything, so remove if empty
@@ -402,6 +416,20 @@ func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options
 			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, logOpts...)
 			continue
 		}
+		// Also fold multiple "default_bind" options together into an
+		// array so that server blocks can have multiple binds by default.
+		if opt == "default_bind" {
+			existingOpts, ok := options[opt].([]ConfigValue)
+			if !ok {
+				existingOpts = []ConfigValue{}
+			}
+			defaultBindOpts, ok := val.([]ConfigValue)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type from 'default_bind' global options: %T", val)
+			}
+			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, defaultBindOpts...)
+			continue
+		}
 
 		options[opt] = val
 	}
@@ -520,8 +548,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 	if hsp, ok := options["https_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpsPort = strconv.Itoa(hsp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := "on"
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 
@@ -536,28 +564,74 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					if k == j {
 						continue
 					}
-					if sliceContains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
+					if slices.Contains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("ambiguous site definition: %s", key)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		var (
+			addresses []string
+			protocols [][]string
+		)
+
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+			protocols = append(protocols, addressWithProtocols.protocols)
+		}
+
 		srv := &caddyhttp.Server{
-			Listen: p.addresses,
+			Listen:          addresses,
+			ListenProtocols: protocols,
+		}
+
+		// remove srv.ListenProtocols[j] if it only contains the default protocols
+		for j, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
+			srv.ListenProtocols[j] = nil
+			for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
+				if lnProtocol != "" {
+					srv.ListenProtocols[j] = lnProtocols
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// remove srv.ListenProtocols if it only contains the default protocols for all listen addresses
+		listenProtocols := srv.ListenProtocols
+		srv.ListenProtocols = nil
+		for _, lnProtocols := range listenProtocols {
+			if lnProtocols != nil {
+				srv.ListenProtocols = listenProtocols
+				break
+			}
 		}
 
 		// handle the auto_https global option
-		if autoHTTPS != "on" {
+		for _, val := range autoHTTPS {
-			srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+			switch val {
-			switch autoHTTPS {
 			case "off":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled = true
+
 			case "disable_redirects":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableRedir = true
+
 			case "disable_certs":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableCerts = true
+
 			case "ignore_loaded_certs":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.IgnoreLoadedCerts = true
 			}
 		}
@@ -566,7 +640,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		// See ParseAddress() where parsing should later reject paths
 		// See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/4728 for a full explanation
 		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 				if addr.Path != "" {
 					caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("Using a path in a site address is deprecated; please use the 'handle' directive instead", zap.String("address", addr.String()))
 				}
@@ -584,7 +658,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			var iLongestPath, jLongestPath string
 			var iLongestHost, jLongestHost string
 			var iWildcardHost, jWildcardHost bool
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].keys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].parsedKeys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					iWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -595,7 +669,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					iLongestPath = addr.Path
 				}
 			}
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].keys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].parsedKeys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					jWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -627,7 +701,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		})
 
 		var hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy, addressQualifiesForTLS bool
-		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := autoHTTPS != "off"
+		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := srv.AutoHTTPS == nil || !srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled
 
 		// if needed, the ServerLogConfig is initialized beforehand so
 		// that all server blocks can populate it with data, even when not
@@ -673,6 +747,14 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				}
 			}
 
+			// collect hosts that are forced to be automated
+			forceAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{})
+			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
+				for _, host := range hosts {
+					forceAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+
 			// tls: connection policies
 			if cpVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]; ok {
 				// tls connection policies
@@ -703,15 +785,21 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 						cp.FallbackSNI = fallbackSNI
 					}
 
-					// only append this policy if it actually changes something
+					// only append this policy if it actually changes something,
-					if !cp.SettingsEmpty() {
+					// or if the configuration explicitly automates certs for
+					// these names (this is necessary to hoist a connection policy
+					// above one that may manually load a wildcard cert that would
+					// otherwise clobber the automated one; the code that appends
+					// policies that manually load certs comes later, so they're
+					// lower in the list)
+					if !cp.SettingsEmpty() || mapContains(forceAutomatedNames, hosts) {
 						srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, cp)
 						hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy = len(hosts) == 0
 					}
 				}
 			}
 
-			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 				// if server only uses HTTP port, auto-HTTPS will not apply
 				if listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(srv.Listen, httpPort) {
 					// exclude any hosts that were defined explicitly with "http://"
@@ -720,7 +808,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 						if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
 						}
-						if !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
+						if !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip = append(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host)
 						}
 					}
@@ -734,7 +822,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				// https://caddy.community/t/making-sense-of-auto-https-and-why-disabling-it-still-serves-https-instead-of-http/9761
 				createdTLSConnPolicies, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]
 				hasTLSEnabled := (ok && len(createdTLSConnPolicies) > 0) ||
-					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
+					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
 
 				// we'll need to remember if the address qualifies for auto-HTTPS, so we
 				// can add a TLS conn policy if necessary
@@ -742,6 +830,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					(addr.Scheme != "http" && addr.Port != httpPort && hasTLSEnabled) {
 					addressQualifiesForTLS = true
 				}
+
 				// predict whether auto-HTTPS will add the conn policy for us; if so, we
 				// may not need to add one for this server
 				autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy = autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy &&
@@ -873,7 +962,10 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		if addressQualifiesForTLS &&
 			!hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy &&
 			(len(srv.TLSConnPolicies) > 0 || !autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy || defaultSNI != "" || fallbackSNI != "") {
-			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{DefaultSNI: defaultSNI, FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI})
+			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{
+				DefaultSNI:  defaultSNI,
+				FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI,
+			})
 		}
 
 		// tidy things up a bit
@@ -886,8 +978,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		servers[fmt.Sprintf("srv%d", i)] = srv
 	}
 
-	err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings)
+	if err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("applying global server options: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -932,7 +1023,7 @@ func detectConflictingSchemes(srv *caddyhttp.Server, serverBlocks []serverBlock,
 	}
 
 	for _, sblock := range serverBlocks {
-		for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+		for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 			if addr.Scheme == "http" || addr.Port == httpPort {
 				if err := checkAndSetHTTP(addr); err != nil {
 					return err
@@ -970,11 +1061,40 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(cps[i], cps[j]) {
-				cps = append(cps[:j], cps[j+1:]...)
+				cps = slices.Delete(cps, j, j+1)
 				i--
 				break
 			}
 
+			// as a special case, if there are adjacent TLS conn policies that are identical except
+			// by their matchers, and the matchers are specifically just ServerName ("sni") matchers
+			// (by far the most common), we can combine them into a single policy
+			if i == j-1 && len(cps[i].MatchersRaw) == 1 && len(cps[j].MatchersRaw) == 1 {
+				if iSNIMatcherJSON, ok := cps[i].MatchersRaw["sni"]; ok {
+					if jSNIMatcherJSON, ok := cps[j].MatchersRaw["sni"]; ok {
+						// position of policies and the matcher criteria check out; if settings are
+						// the same, then we can combine the policies; we have to unmarshal and
+						// remarshal the matchers though
+						if cps[i].SettingsEqual(*cps[j]) {
+							var iSNIMatcher caddytls.MatchServerName
+							if err := json.Unmarshal(iSNIMatcherJSON, &iSNIMatcher); err == nil {
+								var jSNIMatcher caddytls.MatchServerName
+								if err := json.Unmarshal(jSNIMatcherJSON, &jSNIMatcher); err == nil {
+									iSNIMatcher = append(iSNIMatcher, jSNIMatcher...)
+									cps[i].MatchersRaw["sni"], err = json.Marshal(iSNIMatcher)
+									if err != nil {
+										return nil, fmt.Errorf("recombining SNI matchers: %v", err)
+									}
+									cps = slices.Delete(cps, j, j+1)
+									i--
+									break
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
 			// if they have the same matcher, try to reconcile each field: either they must
 			// be identical, or we have to be able to combine them safely
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(cps[i].MatchersRaw, cps[j].MatchersRaw) {
@@ -1008,6 +1128,12 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("two policies with same match criteria have conflicting default SNI: %s vs. %s",
 						cps[i].DefaultSNI, cps[j].DefaultSNI)
 				}
+				if cps[i].FallbackSNI != "" &&
+					cps[j].FallbackSNI != "" &&
+					cps[i].FallbackSNI != cps[j].FallbackSNI {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("two policies with same match criteria have conflicting fallback SNI: %s vs. %s",
+						cps[i].FallbackSNI, cps[j].FallbackSNI)
+				}
 				if cps[i].ProtocolMin != "" &&
 					cps[j].ProtocolMin != "" &&
 					cps[i].ProtocolMin != cps[j].ProtocolMin {
@@ -1048,6 +1174,9 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				if cps[i].DefaultSNI == "" && cps[j].DefaultSNI != "" {
 					cps[i].DefaultSNI = cps[j].DefaultSNI
 				}
+				if cps[i].FallbackSNI == "" && cps[j].FallbackSNI != "" {
+					cps[i].FallbackSNI = cps[j].FallbackSNI
+				}
 				if cps[i].ProtocolMin == "" && cps[j].ProtocolMin != "" {
 					cps[i].ProtocolMin = cps[j].ProtocolMin
 				}
@@ -1061,18 +1190,19 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				} else if cps[i].CertSelection != nil && cps[j].CertSelection != nil {
 					// if both have one, then combine AnyTag
 					for _, tag := range cps[j].CertSelection.AnyTag {
-						if !sliceContains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
+						if !slices.Contains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
 							cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag = append(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag)
 						}
 					}
 				}
 
-				cps = append(cps[:j], cps[j+1:]...)
+				cps = slices.Delete(cps, j, j+1)
 				i--
 				break
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	return cps, nil
 }
 
@@ -1144,7 +1274,7 @@ func appendSubrouteToRouteList(routeList caddyhttp.RouteList,
 func buildSubroute(routes []ConfigValue, groupCounter counter, needsSorting bool) (*caddyhttp.Subroute, error) {
 	if needsSorting {
 		for _, val := range routes {
-			if !directiveIsOrdered(val.directive) {
+			if !slices.Contains(directiveOrder, val.directive) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("directive '%s' is not an ordered HTTP handler, so it cannot be used here - try placing within a route block or using the order global option", val.directive)
 			}
 		}
@@ -1322,7 +1452,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 	var matcherPairs []*hostPathPair
 
 	var catchAllHosts bool
-	for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 		// choose a matcher pair that should be shared by this
 		// server block; if none exists yet, create one
 		var chosenMatcherPair *hostPathPair
@@ -1354,25 +1484,16 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 
 		// add this server block's keys to the matcher
 		// pair if it doesn't already exist
-		if addr.Host != "" {
+		if addr.Host != "" && !slices.Contains(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host) {
-			var found bool
-			for _, h := range chosenMatcherPair.hostm {
-				if h == addr.Host {
-					found = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if !found {
 			chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
 		}
 	}
-	}
 
 	// iterate each pairing of host and path matchers and
 	// put them into a map for JSON encoding
-	var matcherSets []map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher
+	var matcherSets []map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError
 	for _, mp := range matcherPairs {
-		matcherSet := make(map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher)
+		matcherSet := make(map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError)
 		if len(mp.hostm) > 0 {
 			matcherSet["host"] = mp.hostm
 		}
@@ -1431,13 +1552,18 @@ func parseMatcherDefinitions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, matchers map[string]caddy.M
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcher)
+
-		if !ok {
+		if rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError); ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a request matcher", matcherName)
-		}
 			matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
 			return nil
 		}
+		// nolint:staticcheck
+		if rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcher); ok {
+			matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a request matcher", matcherName)
+	}
 
 	// if the next token is quoted, we can assume it's not a matcher name
 	// and that it's probably an 'expression' matcher
@@ -1480,7 +1606,7 @@ func parseMatcherDefinitions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, matchers map[string]caddy.M
 	return nil
 }
 
-func encodeMatcherSet(matchers map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
+func encodeMatcherSet(matchers map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
 	msEncoded := make(caddy.ModuleMap)
 	for matcherName, val := range matchers {
 		jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(val)
@@ -1540,16 +1666,6 @@ func tryDuration(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddy.Duration {
 	return durationVal
 }
 
-// sliceContains returns true if needle is in haystack.
-func sliceContains(haystack []string, needle string) bool {
-	for _, s := range haystack {
-		if s == needle {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan returns true if there are any
 // listeners in addresses that use a port which is not otherPort.
 // Mostly borrowed from unexported method in caddyhttp package.
@@ -1570,6 +1686,18 @@ func listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses []string, otherPort string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func mapContains[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V, keys []K) bool {
+	if len(m) == 0 || len(keys) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		if _, ok := m[key]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // specificity returns len(s) minus any wildcards (*) and
 // placeholders ({...}). Basically, it's a length count
 // that penalizes the use of wildcards and placeholders.
@@ -1613,11 +1741,18 @@ type namedCustomLog struct {
 	noHostname bool
 }
 
+// addressWithProtocols associates a listen address with
+// the protocols to serve it with
+type addressWithProtocols struct {
+	address   string
+	protocols []string
+}
+
 // sbAddrAssociation is a mapping from a list of
-// addresses to a list of server blocks that are
+// addresses with protocols, and a list of server
-// served on those addresses.
+// blocks that are served on those addresses.
 type sbAddrAssociation struct {
-	addresses    []string
+	addressesWithProtocols []addressWithProtocols
 	serverBlocks           []serverBlock
 }
 

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/options.go

@@ -15,14 +15,17 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
+	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 )
 
@@ -30,19 +33,20 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("debug", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("http_port", parseOptHTTPPort)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("https_port", parseOptHTTPSPort)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptStringList)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptDefaultBind)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("grace_period", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("shutdown_delay", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("default_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("fallback_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("order", parseOptOrder)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("storage", parseOptStorage)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseOptDuration)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_check", parseStorageCheck)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseStorageCleanInterval)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("renew_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca_root", parseOptSingleString)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptACMEDNS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptDNS)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_eab", parseOptACMEEAB)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_issuer", parseOptCertIssuer)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("skip_install_trust", parseOptTrue)
@@ -52,12 +56,15 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("local_certs", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("key_type", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("auto_https", parseOptAutoHTTPS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("metrics", parseMetricsOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("servers", parseServerOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_stapling", parseOCSPStaplingOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_lifetime", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("log", parseLogOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("persist_config", parseOptPersistConfig)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("dns", parseOptDNS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("ech", parseOptECH)
 }
 
 func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) { return true, nil }
@@ -110,17 +117,12 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	}
 	pos := Positional(d.Val())
 
-	newOrder := directiveOrder
+	// if directive already had an order, drop it
+	newOrder := slices.DeleteFunc(directiveOrder, func(d string) bool {
+		return d == dirName
+	})
 
-	// if directive exists, first remove it
+	// act on the positional; if it's First or Last, we're done right away
-	for i, d := range newOrder {
-		if d == dirName {
-			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], newOrder[i+1:]...)
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	// act on the positional
 	switch pos {
 	case First:
 		newOrder = append([]string{dirName}, newOrder...)
@@ -129,6 +131,7 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		}
 		directiveOrder = newOrder
 		return newOrder, nil
+
 	case Last:
 		newOrder = append(newOrder, dirName)
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -136,8 +139,11 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		}
 		directiveOrder = newOrder
 		return newOrder, nil
+
+	// if it's Before or After, continue
 	case Before:
 	case After:
+
 	default:
 		return nil, d.Errf("unknown positional '%s'", pos)
 	}
@@ -151,17 +157,17 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 
-	// insert directive into proper position
+	// get the position of the target directive
-	for i, d := range newOrder {
+	targetIndex := slices.Index(newOrder, otherDir)
-		if d == otherDir {
+	if targetIndex == -1 {
-			if pos == Before {
+		return nil, d.Errf("directive '%s' not found", otherDir)
-				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
-			} else if pos == After {
-				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
-			}
-			break
 	}
+	// if we're inserting after, we need to increment the index to go after
+	if pos == After {
+		targetIndex++
 	}
+	// insert the directive into the new order
+	newOrder = slices.Insert(newOrder, targetIndex, dirName)
 
 	directiveOrder = newOrder
 
@@ -187,6 +193,40 @@ func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return storage, nil
 }
 
+func parseStorageCheck(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	val := d.Val()
+	if d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if val != "off" {
+		return "", d.Errf("storage_check must be 'off'")
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+
+func parseStorageCleanInterval(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	val := d.Val()
+	if d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if val == "off" {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse storage_clean_interval, must be a duration or 'off' %w", err)
+	}
+	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
+}
+
 func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
@@ -201,25 +241,6 @@ func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
 }
 
-func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	if !d.Next() { // get DNS module name
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
-	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	prov, ok := unm.(certmagic.DNSProvider)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.DNSProvider", modID, unm)
-	}
-	return prov, nil
-}
-
 func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	eab := new(acme.EAB)
 	d.Next() // consume option name
@@ -284,13 +305,32 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptDefaultBind(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-	val := d.RemainingArgs()
+
-	if len(val) == 0 {
+	var addresses, protocols []string
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	addresses = d.RemainingArgs()
+
+	if len(addresses) == 0 {
+		addresses = append(addresses, "")
 	}
-	return val, nil
+
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "protocols":
+			protocols = d.RemainingArgs()
+			if len(protocols) == 0 {
+				return nil, d.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
+			}
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
+		addresses: addresses,
+		protocols: protocols,
+	}}}, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
@@ -375,36 +415,10 @@ func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 			ond.PermissionRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(perm, "module", modName, nil)
 
 		case "interval":
-			if !d.NextArg() {
+			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'interval' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			if ond == nil {
-				ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
-			}
-			if ond.RateLimit == nil {
-				ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
-			}
-			ond.RateLimit.Interval = caddy.Duration(dur)
 
 		case "burst":
-			if !d.NextArg() {
+			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'burst' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			burst, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			if ond == nil {
-				ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
-			}
-			if ond.RateLimit == nil {
-				ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
-			}
-			ond.RateLimit.Burst = burst
 
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
@@ -433,19 +447,44 @@ func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 
 func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-	if !d.Next() {
+	val := d.RemainingArgs()
+	if len(val) == 0 {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
-	val := d.Val()
+	for _, v := range val {
-	if d.Next() {
+		switch v {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
+		case "off":
+		case "disable_redirects":
+		case "disable_certs":
+		case "ignore_loaded_certs":
+		case "prefer_wildcard":
+			break
+
+		default:
+			return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', 'ignore_loaded_certs', or 'prefer_wildcard'")
 		}
-	if val != "off" && val != "disable_redirects" && val != "disable_certs" && val != "ignore_loaded_certs" {
-		return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', or 'ignore_loaded_certs'")
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }
 
+func unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	metrics := new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "per_host":
+			metrics.PerHost = true
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+	return metrics, nil
+}
+
+func parseMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	return unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d)
+}
+
 func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d)
 }
@@ -515,3 +554,68 @@ func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next()
 	return caddytls.ParseCaddyfilePreferredChainsOptions(d)
 }
+
+func parseOptDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
+	if !d.Next() { // get DNS module name
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
+	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	switch unm.(type) {
+	case libdns.RecordGetter,
+		libdns.RecordSetter,
+		libdns.RecordAppender,
+		libdns.RecordDeleter:
+	default:
+		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a libdns provider", modID, unm)
+	}
+	return unm, nil
+}
+
+func parseOptECH(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
+	ech := new(caddytls.ECH)
+
+	publicNames := d.RemainingArgs()
+	for _, publicName := range publicNames {
+		ech.Configs = append(ech.Configs, caddytls.ECHConfiguration{
+			PublicName: publicName,
+		})
+	}
+	if len(ech.Configs) == 0 {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "dns":
+			if !d.Next() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			providerName := d.Val()
+			modID := "dns.providers." + providerName
+			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			ech.Publication = append(ech.Publication, &caddytls.ECHPublication{
+				Configs: publicNames,
+				PublishersRaw: caddy.ModuleMap{
+					"dns": caddyconfig.JSON(caddytls.ECHDNSPublisher{
+						ProviderRaw: caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", providerName, nil),
+					}, nil),
+				},
+			})
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("ech: unrecognized subdirective '%s'", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ech, nil
+}

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/serveroptions.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 				if proto != "h1" && proto != "h2" && proto != "h2c" && proto != "h3" {
 					return nil, d.Errf("unknown protocol '%s': expected h1, h2, h2c, or h3", proto)
 				}
-				if sliceContains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
+				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("protocol %s specified more than once", proto)
 				}
 				serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, proto)
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 		case "client_ip_headers":
 			headers := d.RemainingArgs()
 			for _, header := range headers {
-				if sliceContains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
+				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
 				}
 				serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
@@ -239,13 +240,16 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 			}
 
 		case "metrics":
-			if d.NextArg() {
+			caddy.Log().Warn("The nested 'metrics' option inside `servers` is deprecated and will be removed in the next major version. Use the global 'metrics' option instead.")
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
 			serverOpts.Metrics = new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				switch d.Val() {
+				case "per_host":
+					serverOpts.Metrics.PerHost = true
+				default:
+					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized metrics option '%s'", d.Val())
+				}
+			}
 
 		case "trace":
 			if d.NextArg() {
@@ -288,24 +292,15 @@ func applyServerOptions(
 
 	for key, server := range servers {
 		// find the options that apply to this server
-		opts := func() *serverOptions {
+		optsIndex := slices.IndexFunc(serverOpts, func(s serverOptions) bool {
-			for _, entry := range serverOpts {
+			return s.ListenerAddress == "" || slices.Contains(server.Listen, s.ListenerAddress)
-				if entry.ListenerAddress == "" {
+		})
-					return &entry
-				}
-				for _, listener := range server.Listen {
-					if entry.ListenerAddress == listener {
-						return &entry
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return nil
-		}()
 
 		// if none apply, then move to the next server
-		if opts == nil {
+		if optsIndex == -1 {
 			continue
 		}
+		opts := serverOpts[optsIndex]
 
 		// set all the options
 		server.ListenerWrappersRaw = opts.ListenerWrappersRaw

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/shorthands.go

@@ -52,19 +52,27 @@ func NewShorthandReplacer() ShorthandReplacer {
 // be used in the Caddyfile, and the right is the replacement.
 func placeholderShorthands() []string {
 	return []string{
-		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
-		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{host}", "{http.request.host}",
 		"{hostport}", "{http.request.hostport}",
 		"{port}", "{http.request.port}",
+		"{orig_method}", "{http.request.orig_method}",
+		"{orig_uri}", "{http.request.orig_uri}",
+		"{orig_path}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path}",
+		"{orig_dir}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.dir}",
+		"{orig_file}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.file}",
+		"{orig_query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.query}",
+		"{orig_?query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{method}", "{http.request.method}",
+		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
 		"{path}", "{http.request.uri.path}",
+		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
+		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{query}", "{http.request.uri.query}",
+		"{?query}", "{http.request.uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{remote}", "{http.request.remote}",
 		"{remote_host}", "{http.request.remote.host}",
 		"{remote_port}", "{http.request.remote.port}",
 		"{scheme}", "{http.request.scheme}",
-		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
 		"{uuid}", "{http.request.uuid}",
 		"{tls_cipher}", "{http.request.tls.cipher_suite}",
 		"{tls_version}", "{http.request.tls.version}",

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/tlsapp.go

@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	if hp, ok := options["http_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpPort = strconv.Itoa(hp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := "on"
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 
@@ -53,14 +54,17 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	// key, so that they don't get forgotten/omitted by auto-HTTPS
 	// (since they won't appear in route matchers)
 	httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey := make(map[string]struct{})
-	if autoHTTPS != "off" {
+	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") {
 		for _, pair := range pairings {
 			for _, sb := range pair.serverBlocks {
-				for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+				for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
-					if addr.Host == "" {
+					if addr.Host != "" {
+						continue
+					}
+
 					// this server block has a hostless key, now
 					// go through and add all the hosts to the set
-						for _, otherAddr := range sb.keys {
+					for _, otherAddr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 						if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
 							continue
 						}
@@ -73,7 +77,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	}
 
 	// a catch-all automation policy is used as a "default" for all subjects that
 	// don't have custom configuration explicitly associated with them; this
@@ -89,9 +92,33 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, catchAllAP)
 	}
 
+	var wildcardHosts []string                        // collect all hosts that have a wildcard in them, and aren't HTTP
+	forcedAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{}) // explicitly configured to be automated, even if covered by a wildcard
+
+	for _, p := range pairings {
+		var addresses []string
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+		}
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") {
+					wildcardHosts = append(wildcardHosts, addr.Host[2:])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	for _, p := range pairings {
 		// avoid setting up TLS automation policies for a server that is HTTP-only
-		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(p.addresses, httpPort) {
+		var addresses []string
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+		}
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -108,6 +135,12 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				return nil, warnings, err
 			}
 
+			// make a plain copy so we can compare whether we made any changes
+			apCopy, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, warnings, err
+			}
+
 			sblockHosts := sblock.hostsFromKeys(false)
 			if len(sblockHosts) == 0 && catchAllAP != nil {
 				ap = catchAllAP
@@ -118,6 +151,13 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				ap.OnDemand = true
 			}
 
+			// collect hosts that are forced to have certs automated for their specific name
+			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
+				for _, host := range sblockHosts {
+					forcedAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+
 			// reuse private keys tls
 			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.reuse_private_keys"]; ok {
 				ap.ReusePrivateKeys = true
@@ -181,8 +221,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					if acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "" {
 						// only binding to one host is supported
 						var bindHost string
-						if bindHosts, ok := cfgVal.Value.([]string); ok && len(bindHosts) > 0 {
+						if asserted, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(asserted.addresses) > 0 {
-							bindHost = bindHosts[0]
+							bindHost = asserted.addresses[0]
 						}
 						acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = bindHost
 					}
@@ -210,9 +250,21 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				catchAllAP = ap
 			}
 
+			hostsNotHTTP := sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
+			sort.Strings(hostsNotHTTP) // solely for deterministic test results
+
+			// if the we prefer wildcards and the AP is unchanged,
+			// then we can skip this AP because it should be covered
+			// by an AP with a wildcard
+			if slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "prefer_wildcard") {
+				if hostsCoveredByWildcard(hostsNotHTTP, wildcardHosts) &&
+					reflect.DeepEqual(ap, apCopy) {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
 			// associate our new automation policy with this server block's hosts
-			ap.SubjectsRaw = sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
+			ap.SubjectsRaw = hostsNotHTTP
-			sort.Strings(ap.SubjectsRaw) // solely for deterministic test results
 
 			// if a combination of public and internal names were given
 			// for this same server block and no issuer was specified, we
@@ -251,6 +303,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					ap2.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(caddytls.InternalIssuer{}, "module", "internal", &warnings)}
 				}
 			}
+
 			if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 				tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 			}
@@ -285,7 +338,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					combined = reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(cl)).Elem()
 				}
 				clVal := reflect.ValueOf(cl)
-				for i := 0; i < clVal.Len(); i++ {
+				for i := range clVal.Len() {
 					combined = reflect.Append(combined, clVal.Index(i))
 				}
 				loadersByName[name] = combined.Interface().(caddytls.CertificateLoader)
@@ -304,6 +357,42 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.OnDemand = onDemand
 	}
 
+	// set up "global" (to the TLS app) DNS provider config
+	if globalDNS, ok := options["dns"]; ok && globalDNS != nil {
+		tlsApp.DNSRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalDNS, "name", globalDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
+	}
+
+	// set up ECH from Caddyfile options
+	if ech, ok := options["ech"].(*caddytls.ECH); ok {
+		tlsApp.EncryptedClientHello = ech
+
+		// outer server names will need certificates, so make sure they're included
+		// in an automation policy for them that applies any global options
+		ap, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, warnings, err
+		}
+		for _, cfg := range ech.Configs {
+			if cfg.PublicName != "" {
+				ap.SubjectsRaw = append(ap.SubjectsRaw, cfg.PublicName)
+			}
+		}
+		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
+			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
+		}
+		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, ap)
+	}
+
+	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
+	if sc, ok := options["storage_check"].(string); ok && sc == "off" {
+		tlsApp.DisableStorageCheck = true
+	}
+
+	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
+	if sci, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(bool); ok && !sci {
+		tlsApp.DisableStorageClean = true
+	}
+
 	// set the storage clean interval if configured
 	if storageCleanInterval, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(caddy.Duration); ok {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
@@ -344,7 +433,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	internalAP := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{
 		IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{json.RawMessage(`{"module":"internal"}`)},
 	}
-	if autoHTTPS != "off" && autoHTTPS != "disable_certs" {
+	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") && !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "disable_certs") {
 		for h := range httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey {
 			al = append(al, h)
 			if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert(h) {
@@ -352,6 +441,13 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	for name := range forcedAutomatedNames {
+		if slices.Contains(al, name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		al = append(al, name)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(al) // to stabilize the adapt output
 	if len(al) > 0 {
 		tlsApp.CertificatesRaw["automate"] = caddyconfig.JSON(al, &warnings)
 	}
@@ -373,7 +469,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
 		hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalEmail != nil || globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS != nil || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
 		if hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
-			for i := 0; i < len(tlsApp.Automation.Policies); i++ {
+			for i := range tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
 				ap := tlsApp.Automation.Policies[i]
 				if len(ap.Issuers) == 0 && automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap) {
 					// for public names, create default issuers which will later be filled in with configured global defaults
@@ -465,7 +561,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalACMECA != nil && acmeIssuer.CA == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.CA = globalACMECA.(string)
 	}
-	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !sliceContains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
+	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !slices.Contains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
 		acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = append(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string))
 	}
 	if globalACMEDNS != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) {
@@ -481,7 +577,8 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalPreferredChains != nil && acmeIssuer.PreferredChains == nil {
 		acmeIssuer.PreferredChains = globalPreferredChains.(*caddytls.ChainPreference)
 	}
-	if globalHTTPPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort == 0) {
+	// only configure alt HTTP and TLS-ALPN ports if the DNS challenge is not enabled (wouldn't hurt, but isn't necessary since the DNS challenge is exclusive of others)
+	if globalHTTPPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort == 0) {
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
@@ -490,7 +587,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 		}
 		acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort = globalHTTPPort.(int)
 	}
-	if globalHTTPSPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort == 0) {
+	if globalHTTPSPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort == 0) {
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
@@ -580,7 +677,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
 				// if this automation policy has internal names, we might as well remove it
 				// so auto-https can implicitly use the internal issuer
-				aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
+				aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 				i--
 			}
 		}
@@ -597,7 +694,7 @@ outer:
 		for j := i + 1; j < len(aps); j++ {
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], aps[j]) {
-				aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
+				aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
 				// must re-evaluate current i against next j; can't skip it!
 				// even if i decrements to -1, will be incremented to 0 immediately
 				i--
@@ -627,18 +724,18 @@ outer:
 					// cause example.com to be served by the less specific policy for
 					// '*.com', which might be different (yes we've seen this happen)
 					if automationPolicyShadows(i, aps) >= j {
-						aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
+						aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 						i--
 						continue outer
 					}
 				} else {
 					// avoid repeated subjects
 					for _, subj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
-						if !sliceContains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
+						if !slices.Contains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
 							aps[i].SubjectsRaw = append(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj)
 						}
 					}
-					aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
+					aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
 					j--
 				}
 			}
@@ -658,13 +755,9 @@ func automationPolicyIsSubset(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, aSubj := range a.SubjectsRaw {
-		var inSuperset bool
+		inSuperset := slices.ContainsFunc(b.SubjectsRaw, func(bSubj string) bool {
-		for _, bSubj := range b.SubjectsRaw {
+			return certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj)
-			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj) {
+		})
-				inSuperset = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
 		if !inSuperset {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -709,14 +802,28 @@ func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) b
 // automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames returns true if all the names on the policy
 // do NOT qualify for public certs OR are tailscale domains.
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	for _, subj := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(i string) bool {
-		if !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj) || isTailscaleDomain(subj) {
+		return !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, i) || isTailscaleDomain(i)
-			return false
+	})
-		}
-	}
-	return true
 }
 
 func isTailscaleDomain(name string) bool {
 	return strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(name), ".ts.net")
 }
+
+func hostsCoveredByWildcard(hosts []string, wildcards []string) bool {
+	if len(hosts) == 0 || len(wildcards) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, host := range hosts {
+		for _, wildcard := range wildcards {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(host, "*.") {
+				continue
+			}
+			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(host, "*."+wildcard) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

caddyconfig/httploader.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func init() {
 // If the response is not a JSON config, a config adapter must be specified
 // either in the loader config (`adapter`), or in the Content-Type HTTP header
 // returned in the HTTP response from the server. The Content-Type header is
-// read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. Uf you don't have control
+// read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. If you don't have control
 // over the HTTP server (but can still trust its response), you can override
 // the Content-Type header by setting the `adapter` property in this config.
 type HTTPLoader struct {

caddytest/caddytest.go

@@ -1,29 +1,40 @@
 package caddytest
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/cookiejar"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
+	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/aryann/difflib"
+
 	caddycmd "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd"
 
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	// plug in Caddy modules here
 	_ "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/standard"
 )
 
-// Defaults store any configuration required to make the tests run
+// Config store any configuration required to make the tests run
-type Defaults struct {
+type Config struct {
+	// Port we expect caddy to listening on
+	AdminPort int
 	// Certificates we expect to be loaded before attempting to run the tests
 	Certificates []string
 	// TestRequestTimeout is the time to wait for a http request to
@@ -33,32 +44,31 @@ type Defaults struct {
 }
 
 // Default testing values
-var Default = Defaults{
+var Default = Config{
+	AdminPort:          2999, // different from what a real server also running on a developer's machine might be
 	Certificates:       []string{"/caddy.localhost.crt", "/caddy.localhost.key"},
 	TestRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 	LoadRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 }
 
+var (
+	matchKey  = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.key)`)
+	matchCert = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.crt)`)
+)
+
 // Tester represents an instance of a test client.
 type Tester struct {
 	Client       *http.Client
-
-	adminPort int
-
-	portOne int
-	portTwo int
-
-	started        atomic.Bool
 	configLoaded bool
-	configFileName string
+	t            testing.TB
-	envFileName    string
+	config       Config
 }
 
 // NewTester will create a new testing client with an attached cookie jar
-func NewTester() (*Tester, error) {
+func NewTester(t testing.TB) *Tester {
 	jar, err := cookiejar.New(nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cookiejar: %w", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create cookiejar: %s", err)
 	}
 
 	return &Tester{
@@ -68,7 +78,28 @@ func NewTester() (*Tester, error) {
 			Timeout:   Default.TestRequestTimeout,
 		},
 		configLoaded: false,
-	}, nil
+		t:            t,
+		config:       Default,
+	}
+}
+
+// WithDefaultOverrides this will override the default test configuration with the provided values.
+func (tc *Tester) WithDefaultOverrides(overrides Config) *Tester {
+	if overrides.AdminPort != 0 {
+		tc.config.AdminPort = overrides.AdminPort
+	}
+	if len(overrides.Certificates) > 0 {
+		tc.config.Certificates = overrides.Certificates
+	}
+	if overrides.TestRequestTimeout != 0 {
+		tc.config.TestRequestTimeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
+		tc.Client.Timeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
+	}
+	if overrides.LoadRequestTimeout != 0 {
+		tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout = overrides.LoadRequestTimeout
+	}
+
+	return tc
 }
 
 type configLoadError struct {
@@ -82,73 +113,53 @@ func timeElapsed(start time.Time, name string) {
 	log.Printf("%s took %s", name, elapsed)
 }
 
-// launch caddy will start the server
+// InitServer this will configure the server with a configurion of a specific
-func (tc *Tester) LaunchCaddy() error {
+// type. The configType must be either "json" or the adapter type.
-	if !tc.started.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+func (tc *Tester) InitServer(rawConfig string, configType string) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("already launched caddy with this tester")
+	if err := tc.initServer(rawConfig, configType); err != nil {
+		tc.t.Logf("failed to load config: %s", err)
+		tc.t.Fail()
 	}
-	if err := tc.startServer(); err != nil {
+	if err := tc.ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig, configType); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start server: %w", err)
+		tc.t.Logf("failed ensuring config is running: %s", err)
+		tc.t.Fail()
 	}
+}
+
+// InitServer this will configure the server with a configurion of a specific
+// type. The configType must be either "json" or the adapter type.
+func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		tc.t.SkipNow()
 		return nil
 	}
 
-func (tc *Tester) CleanupCaddy() error {
+	err := validateTestPrerequisites(tc)
-	// now shutdown the server, since the test is done.
-	defer func() {
-		// try to remove  pthe tmp config file we created
-		if tc.configFileName != "" {
-			os.Remove(tc.configFileName)
-		}
-		if tc.envFileName != "" {
-			os.Remove(tc.envFileName)
-		}
-	}()
-	resp, err := http.Post(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/stop", tc.adminPort), "", nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't stop caddytest server: %w", err)
+		tc.t.Skipf("skipping tests as failed integration prerequisites. %s", err)
-	}
-	resp.Body.Close()
-	for retries := 0; retries < 10; retries++ {
-		if tc.isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
 
-	return fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for caddytest server to stop")
+	tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if tc.t.Failed() && tc.configLoaded {
+			res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
+			if err != nil {
+				tc.t.Log("unable to read the current config")
+				return
 			}
+			defer res.Body.Close()
+			body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 
-func (tc *Tester) AdminPort() int {
+			var out bytes.Buffer
-	return tc.adminPort
+			_ = json.Indent(&out, body, "", "  ")
+			tc.t.Logf("----------- failed with config -----------\n%s", out.String())
 		}
+	})
 
-func (tc *Tester) PortOne() int {
+	rawConfig = prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
-	return tc.portOne
-}
-
-func (tc *Tester) PortTwo() int {
-	return tc.portTwo
-}
-
-func (tc *Tester) ReplaceTestingPlaceholders(x string) string {
-	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}", fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", tc.adminPort))
-	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_PORT}", fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.adminPort))
-	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}", fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.portOne))
-	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}", fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.portTwo))
-	return x
-}
-
-// LoadConfig loads the config to the tester server and also ensures that the config was loaded
-// it should not be run
-func (tc *Tester) LoadConfig(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
-	if tc.adminPort == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("load config called where startServer didnt succeed")
-	}
-	rawConfig = tc.ReplaceTestingPlaceholders(rawConfig)
-	// replace special testing placeholders so we can have our admin api be on a random port
 	// normalize JSON config
 	if configType == "json" {
+		tc.t.Logf("Before: %s", rawConfig)
 		var conf any
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(rawConfig), &conf); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -158,14 +169,16 @@ func (tc *Tester) LoadConfig(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		rawConfig = string(c)
+		tc.t.Logf("After: %s", rawConfig)
 	}
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
 	start := time.Now()
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", tc.adminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", tc.config.AdminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request. %w", err)
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request. %s", err)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if configType == "json" {
@@ -176,14 +189,16 @@ func (tc *Tester) LoadConfig(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 
 	res, err := client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to contact caddy server. %w", err)
+		tc.t.Errorf("unable to contact caddy server. %s", err)
+		return err
 	}
 	timeElapsed(start, "caddytest: config load time")
 
 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to read response. %w", err)
+		tc.t.Errorf("unable to read response. %s", err)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
@@ -191,115 +206,133 @@ func (tc *Tester) LoadConfig(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	}
 
 	tc.configLoaded = true
-
-	// if the config is not loaded at this point, it is a bug in caddy's config.Load
-	// the contract for config.Load states that the config must be loaded before it returns, and that it will
-	// error if the config fails to apply
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (tc *Tester) GetCurrentConfig(receiver any) error {
+func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
-	client := &http.Client{
+	expectedBytes := []byte(prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig))
-		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
+	if configType != "json" {
+		adapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(configType)
+		if adapter == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adapter of config type is missing: %s", configType)
+		}
+		expectedBytes, _, _ = adapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), nil)
 	}
 
-	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.adminPort))
+	var expected any
+	err := json.Unmarshal(expectedBytes, &expected)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+	}
+
+	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) any {
+		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
 		defer resp.Body.Close()
 		actualBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 		if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = json.Unmarshal(actualBytes, receiver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 			return nil
 		}
-
+		var actual any
-func getFreePort() (int, error) {
+		err = json.Unmarshal(actualBytes, &actual)
-	lr, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
 		if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+			return nil
 		}
-	port := strings.Split(lr.Addr().String(), ":")
+		return actual
-	if len(port) < 2 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("no port available")
-	}
-	i, err := strconv.Atoi(port[1])
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	err = lr.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to close listener: %w", err)
-	}
-	return i, nil
 	}
 
-// launches caddy, and then ensures the Caddy sub-process is running.
+	for retries := 10; retries > 0; retries-- {
-func (tc *Tester) startServer() error {
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(expected, fetchConfig(client)) {
-	if tc.isCaddyAdminRunning() == nil {
+			return nil
-		return fmt.Errorf("caddy test admin port still in use")
 		}
-	a, err := getFreePort()
+		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a open port to listen on: %w", err)
 	}
-	tc.adminPort = a
+	tc.t.Errorf("POSTed configuration isn't active")
-	tc.portOne, err = getFreePort()
+	return errors.New("EnsureConfigRunning: POSTed configuration isn't active")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a open portOne: %w", err)
 }
-	tc.portTwo, err = getFreePort()
+
-	if err != nil {
+const initConfig = `{
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a open portOne: %w", err)
+	admin localhost:%d
 }
+`
+
+// validateTestPrerequisites ensures the certificates are available in the
+// designated path and Caddy sub-process is running.
+func validateTestPrerequisites(tc *Tester) error {
+	// check certificates are found
+	for _, certName := range tc.config.Certificates {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(getIntegrationDir() + certName); errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test certificates (%s) not found", certName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil {
 		// setup the init config file, and set the cleanup afterwards
-	{
 		f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		tc.configFileName = f.Name()
+		tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
-
+			os.Remove(f.Name())
-		initConfig := fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		})
-	admin localhost:%d
+		if _, err := f.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(initConfig, tc.config.AdminPort)); err != nil {
-}`, a)
-		if _, err := f.WriteString(initConfig); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-	}
 
 		// start inprocess caddy server
+		os.Args = []string{"caddy", "run", "--config", f.Name(), "--adapter", "caddyfile"}
 		go func() {
-		_ = caddycmd.MainForTesting("run", "--config", tc.configFileName, "--adapter", "caddyfile")
+			caddycmd.Main()
 		}()
-	// wait for caddy admin api to start. it should happen quickly.
+
-	for retries := 10; retries > 0 && tc.isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil; retries-- {
+		// wait for caddy to start serving the initial config
-		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		for retries := 10; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil; retries-- {
+			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// one more time to return the error
-	return tc.isCaddyAdminRunning()
+	return isCaddyAdminRunning(tc)
 }
 
-func (tc *Tester) isCaddyAdminRunning() error {
+func isCaddyAdminRunning(tc *Tester) error {
 	// assert that caddy is running
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
-	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.adminPort))
+	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", tc.adminPort)
+		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", tc.config.AdminPort)
 	}
 	resp.Body.Close()
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func getIntegrationDir() string {
+	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(1)
+	if !ok {
+		panic("unable to determine the current file path")
+	}
+
+	return path.Dir(filename)
+}
+
+// use the convention to replace /[certificatename].[crt|key] with the full path
+// this helps reduce the noise in test configurations and also allow this
+// to run in any path
+func prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig string) string {
+	r := matchKey.ReplaceAllString(rawConfig, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
+	r = matchCert.ReplaceAllString(r, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
+	return r
+}
+
 // CreateTestingTransport creates a testing transport that forces call dialing connections to happen locally
 func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 	dialer := net.Dialer{
@@ -326,3 +359,231 @@ func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 		TLSClientConfig:       &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}, //nolint:gosec
 	}
 }
+
+// AssertLoadError will load a config and expect an error
+func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expectedError string) {
+	tc := NewTester(t)
+
+	err := tc.initServer(rawConfig, configType)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedError) {
+		t.Errorf("expected error \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", expectedError, err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertRedirect makes a request and asserts the redirection happens
+func (tc *Tester) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
+	redirectPolicyFunc := func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+	}
+
+	// using the existing client, we override the check redirect policy for this test
+	old := tc.Client.CheckRedirect
+	tc.Client.CheckRedirect = redirectPolicyFunc
+	defer func() { tc.Client.CheckRedirect = old }()
+
+	resp, err := tc.Client.Get(requestURI)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to call server %s", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", requestURI, expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	loc, err := resp.Location()
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got error: %s", requestURI, expectedToLocation, err)
+	}
+	if loc == nil && expectedToLocation != "" {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected a Location header, but didn't get one", requestURI)
+	}
+	if loc != nil {
+		if expectedToLocation != loc.String() {
+			tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", requestURI, expectedToLocation, loc.String())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+// CompareAdapt adapts a config and then compares it against an expected result
+func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
+	cfgAdapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(adapterName)
+	if cfgAdapter == nil {
+		t.Logf("unrecognized config adapter '%s'", adapterName)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	options := make(map[string]any)
+
+	result, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), options)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("adapting config using %s adapter: %v", adapterName, err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// prettify results to keep tests human-manageable
+	var prettyBuf bytes.Buffer
+	err = json.Indent(&prettyBuf, result, "", "\t")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	result = prettyBuf.Bytes()
+
+	if len(warnings) > 0 {
+		for _, w := range warnings {
+			t.Logf("warning: %s:%d: %s: %s", filename, w.Line, w.Directive, w.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	diff := difflib.Diff(
+		strings.Split(expectedResponse, "\n"),
+		strings.Split(string(result), "\n"))
+
+	// scan for failure
+	failed := false
+	for _, d := range diff {
+		if d.Delta != difflib.Common {
+			failed = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if failed {
+		for _, d := range diff {
+			switch d.Delta {
+			case difflib.Common:
+				fmt.Printf("  %s\n", d.Payload)
+			case difflib.LeftOnly:
+				fmt.Printf(" - %s\n", d.Payload)
+			case difflib.RightOnly:
+				fmt.Printf(" + %s\n", d.Payload)
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// AssertAdapt adapts a config and then tests it against an expected result
+func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
+	ok := CompareAdapt(t, "Caddyfile", rawConfig, adapterName, expectedResponse)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fail()
+	}
+}
+
+// Generic request functions
+
+func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
+	requestContentType := ""
+	for _, requestHeader := range requestHeaders {
+		arr := strings.SplitAfterN(requestHeader, ":", 2)
+		k := strings.TrimRight(arr[0], ":")
+		v := strings.TrimSpace(arr[1])
+		if k == "Content-Type" {
+			requestContentType = v
+		}
+		t.Logf("Request header: %s => %s", k, v)
+		req.Header.Set(k, v)
+	}
+
+	if requestContentType == "" {
+		t.Logf("Content-Type header not provided")
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertResponseCode will execute the request and verify the status code, returns a response for additional assertions
+func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
+	resp, err := tc.Client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("failed to call server %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", req.URL.RequestURI(), expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+// AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
+func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	resp := tc.AssertResponseCode(req, expectedStatusCode)
+
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	bytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to read the response body %s", err)
+	}
+
+	body := string(bytes)
+
+	if body != expectedBody {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected response body \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", req.RequestURI, expectedBody, body)
+	}
+
+	return resp, body
+}
+
+// Verb specific test functions
+
+// AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
+func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", requestURI, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
+func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", requestURI, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
+func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", requestURI, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+
+	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
+func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", requestURI, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+
+	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
+func (tc *Tester) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", requestURI, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+
+	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}

caddytest/caddytest_assert.go

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-package caddytest
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/aryann/difflib"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
-)
-
-// AssertLoadError will load a config and expect an error
-func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expectedError string) {
-	tc, err := NewTester()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = tc.LaunchCaddy()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	err = tc.LoadConfig(rawConfig, configType)
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedError) {
-		t.Errorf("expected error \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", expectedError, err.Error())
-	}
-	_ = tc.CleanupCaddy()
-}
-
-// CompareAdapt adapts a config and then compares it against an expected result
-func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
-	cfgAdapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(adapterName)
-	if cfgAdapter == nil {
-		t.Logf("unrecognized config adapter '%s'", adapterName)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	options := make(map[string]any)
-
-	result, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), options)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Logf("adapting config using %s adapter: %v", adapterName, err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// prettify results to keep tests human-manageable
-	var prettyBuf bytes.Buffer
-	err = json.Indent(&prettyBuf, result, "", "\t")
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	result = prettyBuf.Bytes()
-
-	if len(warnings) > 0 {
-		for _, w := range warnings {
-			t.Logf("warning: %s:%d: %s: %s", filename, w.Line, w.Directive, w.Message)
-		}
-	}
-
-	diff := difflib.Diff(
-		strings.Split(expectedResponse, "\n"),
-		strings.Split(string(result), "\n"))
-
-	// scan for failure
-	failed := false
-	for _, d := range diff {
-		if d.Delta != difflib.Common {
-			failed = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if failed {
-		for _, d := range diff {
-			switch d.Delta {
-			case difflib.Common:
-				fmt.Printf("  %s\n", d.Payload)
-			case difflib.LeftOnly:
-				fmt.Printf(" - %s\n", d.Payload)
-			case difflib.RightOnly:
-				fmt.Printf(" + %s\n", d.Payload)
-			}
-		}
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-// AssertAdapt adapts a config and then tests it against an expected result
-func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
-	ok := CompareAdapt(t, "Caddyfile", rawConfig, adapterName, expectedResponse)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fail()
-	}
-}
-
-// Generic request functions
-
-func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
-	requestContentType := ""
-	for _, requestHeader := range requestHeaders {
-		arr := strings.SplitAfterN(requestHeader, ":", 2)
-		k := strings.TrimRight(arr[0], ":")
-		v := strings.TrimSpace(arr[1])
-		if k == "Content-Type" {
-			requestContentType = v
-		}
-		t.Logf("Request header: %s => %s", k, v)
-		req.Header.Set(k, v)
-	}
-
-	if requestContentType == "" {
-		t.Logf("Content-Type header not provided")
-	}
-}

caddytest/caddytest_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package caddytest
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ func TestReplaceCertificatePaths(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := StartHarness(t)
+	tester := NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"logging": {
 			"logs": {
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		},
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -80,13 +79,12 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+				"https_port": 9443,
 				"servers": {
 					"s_server": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}",
+							":9080"
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -121,10 +119,10 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
   `, "json")
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
-	harness.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
+	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
 }

caddytest/integration/acme_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -13,10 +14,11 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 	smallstepacme "github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 )
 
 const acmeChallengePort = 9081
@@ -24,13 +26,19 @@ const acmeChallengePort = 9081
 // Test the basic functionality of Caddy's ACME server
 func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
@@ -38,12 +46,11 @@ func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	}
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmeserver")
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     logger,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -92,13 +99,13 @@ func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")
 
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
@@ -110,9 +117,9 @@ func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     logger,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},

caddytest/integration/acmeserver_test.go

@@ -5,51 +5,52 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
-	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 )
 
 func TestACMEServerDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	acme.localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO} {
+	acme.localhost:9443 {
 		acme_server
 	}
   `, "caddyfile")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(
+	tester.AssertGetResponse(
-		fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+		"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 		200,
-		fmt.Sprintf(`{"newNonce":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/new-nonce","newAccount":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/new-account","newOrder":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/new-order","revokeCert":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/revoke-cert","keyChange":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/key-change"}
+		`{"newNonce":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-nonce","newAccount":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-account","newOrder":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-order","revokeCert":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/revoke-cert","keyChange":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/key-change"}
-`, harness.Tester().PortTwo()))
+`)
 }
 
 func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
@@ -67,13 +68,17 @@ func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
   `, "caddyfile")
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")
+	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
 
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     logger,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -128,14 +133,14 @@ func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
@@ -152,13 +157,17 @@ func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
   `, "caddyfile")
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")
+	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
 
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     logger,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -190,7 +199,7 @@ func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"deny.localhost"})
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for 'deny.localhost' domain")
-		} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
+		} else if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
 			t.Logf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 		}
 	}

caddytest/integration/autohttps_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package integration
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -9,69 +8,69 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsImplicitPort(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
 		skip_install_trust
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 	}
 	localhost
 	respond "Yahaha! You found me!"
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }
 
 func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortSameAsHTTPSPort(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 	}
-	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+	localhost:9443
 	respond "Yahaha! You found me!"
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }
 
 func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortDifferentFromHTTPSPort(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 	}
 	localhost:1234
 	respond "Yahaha! You found me!"
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost:1234/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost:1234/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }
 
 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 {
   "admin": {
-	"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+	"listen": "localhost:2999"
   },
   "apps": {
     "http": {
-      "http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+      "http_port": 9080,
-      "https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+      "https_port": 9443,
       "servers": {
         "ingress_server": {
           "listen": [
-            ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}",
+            ":9080",
-            ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+            ":9443"
           ],
           "routes": [
             {
@@ -95,52 +94,52 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
   }
 }
 `, "json")
-	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }
 
 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAll(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
 	}
-	http://:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://:9080 {
 		respond "Foo"
 	}
-	http://baz.localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://baz.localhost:9080 {
 		respond "Baz"
 	}
 	bar.localhost {
 		respond "Bar"
 	}
   `, "caddyfile")
-	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://bar.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://bar.localhost:9080/", "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Foo")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://foo.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://baz.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Baz")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://baz.localhost:9080/", 200, "Baz")
 }
 
 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAllWithNoExplicitHTTPSite(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
 	}
-	http://:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://:9080 {
 		respond "Foo"
 	}
 	bar.localhost {
 		respond "Bar"
 	}
   `, "caddyfile")
-	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://bar.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://bar.localhost:9080/", "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Foo")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://foo.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://baz.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Foo")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://baz.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
 }

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_sign_with_root.caddyfiletest

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 		}
 	}
 }
-
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca internal
 		sign_with_root
 	}
 }
+
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/bind_fd_fdgram_h123.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+{
+	auto_https disable_redirects
+	admin off
+}
+
+http://localhost {
+	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD} {
+		protocols h1
+	}
+	log
+	respond "Hello, HTTP!"
+}
+
+https://localhost {
+	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD} {
+		protocols h1 h2
+	}
+	bind fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD} {
+		protocols h3
+	}
+	log
+	respond "Hello, HTTPS!"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"admin": {
+		"disabled": true
+	},
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD}",
+						"fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD}"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello, HTTPS!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true
+					},
+					"logs": {
+						"logger_names": {
+							"localhost": [
+								""
+							]
+						}
+					},
+					"listen_protocols": [
+						[
+							"h1",
+							"h2"
+						],
+						[
+							"h3"
+						]
+					]
+				},
+				"srv1": {
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true
+					}
+				},
+				"srv2": {
+					"listen": [
+						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD}"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello, HTTP!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true,
+						"skip": [
+							"localhost"
+						]
+					},
+					"logs": {
+						"logger_names": {
+							"localhost": [
+								""
+							]
+						}
+					},
+					"listen_protocols": [
+						[
+							"h1"
+						]
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/encode_options.caddyfiletest

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ encode {
 	zstd
 	gzip 5
 }
+
+encode
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -76,6 +78,17 @@ encode {
 										"zstd",
 										"gzip"
 									]
+								},
+								{
+									"encodings": {
+										"gzip": {},
+										"zstd": {}
+									},
+									"handler": "encode",
+									"prefer": [
+										"zstd",
+										"gzip"
+									]
 								}
 							]
 						}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_file_limit.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+:80
+
+file_server {
+	browse {
+		file_limit 4000
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"browse": {
+										"file_limit": 4000
+									},
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_precompressed.caddyfiletest

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 file_server {
 	precompressed zstd br gzip
 }
+
+file_server {
+	precompressed
+}
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -30,6 +34,22 @@ file_server {
 										"br",
 										"gzip"
 									]
+								},
+								{
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									],
+									"precompressed": {
+										"br": {},
+										"gzip": {},
+										"zstd": {}
+									},
+									"precompressed_order": [
+										"br",
+										"zstd",
+										"gzip"
+									]
 								}
 							]
 						}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_sort.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+:80
+
+file_server {
+	browse {
+		sort size desc
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"browse": {
+										"sort": [
+											"size",
+											"desc"
+										]
+									},
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/forward_auth_authelia.caddyfiletest

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 app.example.com {
 	forward_auth authelia:9091 {
-		uri /api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com
+		uri /api/authz/forward-auth
 		copy_headers Remote-User Remote-Groups Remote-Name Remote-Email
 	}
 
@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ app.example.com {
 																]
 															},
 															"routes": [
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "vars"
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
 																{
 																	"handle": [
 																		{
@@ -47,19 +54,104 @@ app.example.com {
 																				"set": {
 																					"Remote-Email": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
 																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
 																					"Remote-Groups": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
 																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
 																					"Remote-Name": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
 																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
 																					"Remote-User": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}"
 																					]
 																				}
 																			}
 																		}
+																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
 																	]
 																}
 															]
@@ -80,7 +172,7 @@ app.example.com {
 													},
 													"rewrite": {
 														"method": "GET",
-														"uri": "/api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com"
+														"uri": "/api/authz/forward-auth"
 													},
 													"upstreams": [
 														{

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/forward_auth_rename_headers.caddyfiletest

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 												]
 											},
 											"routes": [
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "vars"
+														}
+													]
+												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -36,22 +43,131 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 																"set": {
 																	"1": [
 																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
 													],
-																	"3": [
+													"match": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}"
+														{
-																	],
+															"not": [
-																	"5": [
+																{
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}"
+																	"vars": {
-																	],
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
 																	"B": [
 																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
 													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"3": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
 																	"D": [
 																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}"
 																	]
 																}
 															}
 														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"5": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
 													]
 												}
 											]

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options.caddyfiletest

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 	storage file_system {
 		root /data
 	}
+	storage_check off
+	storage_clean_interval off
 	acme_ca https://example.com
 	acme_ca_root /path/to/ca.crt
 	ocsp_stapling off
@@ -17,8 +19,6 @@
 	admin off
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
-		interval 30s
-		burst 20
 	}
 	local_certs
 	key_type ed25519
@@ -72,14 +72,12 @@
 					"permission": {
 						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
 						"module": "http"
-					},
-					"rate_limit": {
-						"interval": 30000000000,
-						"burst": 20
 					}
 				}
 			},
-			"disable_ocsp_stapling": true
+			"disable_ocsp_stapling": true,
+			"disable_storage_check": true,
+			"disable_storage_clean": true
 		}
 	}
 }

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_acme.caddyfiletest

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 	admin off
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
-		interval 30s
-		burst 20
 	}
 	storage_clean_interval 7d
 	renew_interval 1d
@@ -89,10 +87,6 @@
 					"permission": {
 						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
 						"module": "http"
-					},
-					"rate_limit": {
-						"interval": 30000000000,
-						"burst": 20
 					}
 				},
 				"ocsp_interval": 172800000000000,

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_admin.caddyfiletest

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 	}
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
-		interval 30s
-		burst 20
 	}
 	local_certs
 	key_type ed25519
@@ -74,10 +72,6 @@
 					"permission": {
 						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
 						"module": "http"
-					},
-					"rate_limit": {
-						"interval": 30000000000,
-						"burst": 20
 					}
 				}
 			}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_log_sampling.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+	log {
+		sampling {
+			interval 300
+			first 50
+			thereafter 40
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"logging": {
+		"logs": {
+			"default": {
+				"sampling": {
+					"interval": 300,
+					"first": 50,
+					"thereafter": 40
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/header.caddyfiletest

@@ -12,10 +12,14 @@
 	@images path /images/*
 	header @images {
 		Cache-Control "public, max-age=3600, stale-while-revalidate=86400"
+		match {
+			status 200
+		}
 	}
 	header {
 		+Link "Foo"
 		+Link "Bar"
+		match status 200
 	}
 	header >Set Defer
 	header >Replace Deferred Replacement
@@ -42,6 +46,11 @@
 								{
 									"handler": "headers",
 									"response": {
+										"require": {
+											"status_code": [
+												200
+											]
+										},
 										"set": {
 											"Cache-Control": [
 												"public, max-age=3600, stale-while-revalidate=86400"
@@ -136,6 +145,11 @@
 												"Foo",
 												"Bar"
 											]
+										},
+										"require": {
+											"status_code": [
+												200
+											]
 										}
 									}
 								},

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/heredoc.caddyfiletest

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ example.com {
     </html>
     EOF 200
 }
+
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/log_sampling.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+:80 {
+	log {
+		sampling {
+			interval 300
+			first 50
+			thereafter 40
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"logging": {
+		"logs": {
+			"default": {
+				"exclude": [
+					"http.log.access.log0"
+				]
+			},
+			"log0": {
+				"sampling": {
+					"interval": 300,
+					"first": 50,
+					"thereafter": 40
+				},
+				"include": [
+					"http.log.access.log0"
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"logs": {
+						"default_logger_name": "log0"
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/map_and_vars_with_raw_types.caddyfiletest

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ vars {
 	ghi 2.3
 	jkl "mn op"
 }
+
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/metrics_merge_options.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+	metrics
+	servers :80 {
+		metrics {
+			per_host
+		}
+	}
+}
+:80 {
+	respond "Hello"
+}
+
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"body": "Hello",
+									"handler": "static_response"
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			},
+			"metrics": {
+				"per_host": true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/metrics_perhost.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+	servers :80 {
+		metrics {
+			per_host
+		}
+	}
+}
+:80 {
+	respond "Hello"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"body": "Hello",
+									"handler": "static_response"
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			},
+			"metrics": {
+				"per_host": true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_expanded_form.caddyfiletest

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ route {
 		}
 		not path */
 	}
-	redir @canonicalPath {http.request.orig_uri.path}/ 308
+	redir @canonicalPath {orig_path}/{orig_?query} 308
 
 	# If the requested file does not exist, try index files
 	@indexFiles {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ route {
 			split_path .php
 		}
 	}
-	rewrite @indexFiles {http.matchers.file.relative}
+	rewrite @indexFiles {file_match.relative}
 
 	# Proxy PHP files to the FastCGI responder
 	@phpFiles {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ route {
 													"handler": "static_response",
 													"headers": {
 														"Location": [
-															"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
+															"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
 														]
 													},
 													"status_code": 308

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_handle_response.caddyfiletest

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 									"handler": "static_response",
 									"headers": {
 										"Location": [
-											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
+											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
 										]
 									},
 									"status_code": 308
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 											"{http.request.uri.path}/index.php",
 											"index.php"
 										],
+										"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback",
 										"split_path": [
 											".php"
 										]

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_matcher.caddyfiletest

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ php_fastcgi @test localhost:9000
 																	"handler": "static_response",
 																	"headers": {
 																		"Location": [
-																			"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
+																			"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
 																		]
 																	},
 																	"status_code": 308
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ php_fastcgi @test localhost:9000
 																			"{http.request.uri.path}",
 																			"{http.request.uri.path}/index.php",
 																			"index.php"
-																		]
+																		],
+																		"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback"
 																	}
 																}
 															]

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_subdirectives.caddyfiletest

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
 									"handler": "static_response",
 									"headers": {
 										"Location": [
-											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
+											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
 										]
 									},
 									"status_code": 308
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
 											"{http.request.uri.path}/index.php5",
 											"index.php5"
 										],
+										"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback",
 										"split_path": [
 											".php",
 											".php5"

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_try_files_override.caddyfiletest

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
 									"handler": "static_response",
 									"headers": {
 										"Location": [
-											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
+											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
 										]
 									},
 									"status_code": 308

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/php_fastcgi_try_files_override_no_dir_index.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+:8884
+
+php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
+	# some php_fastcgi-specific subdirectives
+	split .php .php5
+	env VAR1 value1
+	env VAR2 value2
+	root /var/www
+	try_files {path} index.php
+	dial_timeout 3s
+	read_timeout 10s
+	write_timeout 20s
+
+	# passed through to reverse_proxy (directive order doesn't matter!)
+	lb_policy random
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"file": {
+										"try_files": [
+											"{http.request.uri.path}",
+											"index.php"
+										],
+										"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback",
+										"split_path": [
+											".php",
+											".php5"
+										]
+									}
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "rewrite",
+									"uri": "{http.matchers.file.relative}"
+								}
+							]
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"path": [
+										"*.php",
+										"*.php5"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"load_balancing": {
+										"selection_policy": {
+											"policy": "random"
+										}
+									},
+									"transport": {
+										"dial_timeout": 3000000000,
+										"env": {
+											"VAR1": "value1",
+											"VAR2": "value2"
+										},
+										"protocol": "fastcgi",
+										"read_timeout": 10000000000,
+										"root": "/var/www",
+										"split_path": [
+											".php",
+											".php5"
+										],
+										"write_timeout": 20000000000
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "localhost:9000"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_health_method.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:8884
+
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	health_uri /health
+	health_method HEAD
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"health_checks": {
+										"active": {
+											"method": "HEAD",
+											"uri": "/health"
+										}
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_health_reqbody.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:8884
+
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	health_uri /health
+	health_request_body "test body"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"health_checks": {
+										"active": {
+											"body": "test body",
+											"uri": "/health"
+										}
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_http_transport_forward_proxy_url.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+:8884
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	transport http {
+		forward_proxy_url http://localhost:8080
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"transport": {
+										"network_proxy": {
+											"from": "url",
+											"url": "http://localhost:8080"
+										},
+										"protocol": "http"
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_http_transport_none_proxy.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:8884
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	transport http {
+		network_proxy none
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"transport": {
+										"network_proxy": {
+											"from": "none"
+										},
+										"protocol": "http"
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_http_transport_url_proxy.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+:8884
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	transport http {
+		network_proxy url http://localhost:8080
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"transport": {
+										"network_proxy": {
+											"from": "url",
+											"url": "http://localhost:8080"
+										},
+										"protocol": "http"
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_localaddr.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+https://example.com {
+	reverse_proxy http://localhost:54321 {
+		transport http {
+			local_address 192.168.0.1
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+													"transport": {
+														"local_address": "192.168.0.1",
+														"protocol": "http"
+													},
+													"upstreams": [
+														{
+															"dial": "localhost:54321"
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/tls_automation_wildcard_force_automate.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+automated1.example.com {
+	tls force_automate
+	respond "Automated!"
+}
+
+automated2.example.com {
+	tls force_automate
+	respond "Automated!"
+}
+
+shadowed.example.com {
+	respond "Shadowed!"
+}
+
+*.example.com {
+	tls cert.pem key.pem
+	respond "Wildcard!"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"automated1.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Automated!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"automated2.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Automated!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"shadowed.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Shadowed!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"*.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Wildcard!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"tls_connection_policies": [
+						{
+							"match": {
+								"sni": [
+									"automated1.example.com",
+									"automated2.example.com"
+								]
+							}
+						},
+						{
+							"match": {
+								"sni": [
+									"*.example.com"
+								]
+							},
+							"certificate_selection": {
+								"any_tag": [
+									"cert0"
+								]
+							}
+						},
+						{}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"certificates": {
+				"automate": [
+					"automated1.example.com",
+					"automated2.example.com"
+				],
+				"load_files": [
+					{
+						"certificate": "cert.pem",
+						"key": "key.pem",
+						"tags": [
+							"cert0"
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/tls_automation_wildcard_shadowing.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+subdomain.example.com {
+	respond "Subdomain!"
+}
+
+*.example.com {
+	tls cert.pem key.pem
+	respond "Wildcard!"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"subdomain.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Subdomain!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"*.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Wildcard!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"tls_connection_policies": [
+						{
+							"match": {
+								"sni": [
+									"*.example.com"
+								]
+							},
+							"certificate_selection": {
+								"any_tag": [
+									"cert0"
+								]
+							}
+						},
+						{}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"certificates": {
+				"load_files": [
+					{
+						"certificate": "cert.pem",
+						"key": "key.pem",
+						"tags": [
+							"cert0"
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/wildcard_pattern.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+*.example.com {
+	tls foo@example.com {
+		dns mock
+	}
+
+	@foo host foo.example.com
+	handle @foo {
+		respond "Foo!"
+	}
+
+	@bar host bar.example.com
+	handle @bar {
+		respond "Bar!"
+	}
+
+	# Fallback for otherwise unhandled domains
+	handle {
+		abort
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"*.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"group": "group3",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"body": "Foo!",
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"host": [
+														"foo.example.com"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"group": "group3",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"body": "Bar!",
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"host": [
+														"bar.example.com"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"group": "group3",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"abort": true,
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"*.example.com"
+						],
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"provider": {
+											"name": "mock"
+										}
+									}
+								},
+								"email": "foo@example.com",
+								"module": "acme"
+							},
+							{
+								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"provider": {
+											"name": "mock"
+										}
+									}
+								},
+								"email": "foo@example.com",
+								"module": "acme"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package integration
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"testing"
@@ -11,16 +10,16 @@ import (
 
 func TestRespond(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(` 
   {
-    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    http_port     9080
-    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+    https_port    9443
     grace_period  1ns
   }
   
-  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+  localhost:9080 {
     respond /version 200 {
       body "hello from localhost"
     }	
@@ -28,23 +27,23 @@ func TestRespond(t *testing.T) {
   `, "caddyfile")
 
 	// act and assert
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "hello from localhost")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost")
 }
 
 func TestRedirect(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
   {
-    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    http_port     9080
-    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+    https_port    9443
     grace_period  1ns
   }
   
-  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+  localhost:9080 {
     
-    redir / http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}/hello 301
+    redir / http://localhost:9080/hello 301
     
     respond /hello 200 {
       body "hello from localhost"
@@ -52,22 +51,21 @@ func TestRedirect(t *testing.T) {
     }
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
 	// act and assert
-	harness.AssertRedirect(target, target+"hello", 301)
+	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "http://localhost:9080/hello", 301)
 
 	// follow redirect
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "hello from localhost")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "hello from localhost")
 }
 
 func TestDuplicateHosts(t *testing.T) {
 	// act and assert
 	caddytest.AssertLoadError(t,
 		`
-    localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+    localhost:9080 {
     }
   
-    localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+    localhost:9080 { 
     }
     `,
 		"caddyfile",
@@ -82,18 +80,18 @@ func TestReadCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.Client().Jar.SetCookies(localhost, []*http.Cookie{&cookie})
+	tester.Client.Jar.SetCookies(localhost, []*http.Cookie{&cookie})
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(` 
   {
     skip_install_trust
-    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    http_port     9080
-    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+    https_port    9443
     grace_period  1ns
   }
   
-  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+  localhost:9080 {
     templates {
       root testdata
     }
@@ -104,22 +102,21 @@ func TestReadCookie(t *testing.T) {
   `, "caddyfile")
 
 	// act and assert
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/cookie.html", 200, "<h2>Cookie.ClientName caddytest</h2>")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"cookie.html", 200, "<h2>Cookie.ClientName caddytest</h2>")
 }
 
 func TestReplIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
   {
     skip_install_trust
-    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    http_port     9080
-    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+    https_port    9443
     grace_period  1ns
   }
 
-  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+  localhost:9080 {
     templates {
       root testdata
     }
@@ -131,8 +128,7 @@ func TestReplIndex(t *testing.T) {
   `, "caddyfile")
 
 	// act and assert
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "")
 }
 
 func TestInvalidPrefix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -485,32 +481,31 @@ func TestValidPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUriReplace(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri replace "\}" %7D
 	uri replace "\{" %7B
 	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?test={%20content%20}", 200, "test=%7B%20content%20%7D")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?test={%20content%20}", 200, "test=%7B%20content%20%7D")
 }
 
 func TestUriOps(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query +foo bar
 	uri query -baz
 	uri query taz test
@@ -519,8 +514,7 @@ func TestUriOps(t *testing.T) {
 	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest&changethis=val", 200, "changed=val&foo=bar0&foo=bar&key%3Dvalue=example&taz=test")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest&changethis=val", 200, "changed=val&foo=bar0&foo=bar&key%3Dvalue=example&taz=test")
 }
 
 // Tests the `http.request.local.port` placeholder.
@@ -529,176 +523,167 @@ func TestUriOps(t *testing.T) {
 // refer to 127.0.0.1 or ::1.
 // TODO: Test each http version separately (especially http/3)
 func TestHttpRequestLocalPortPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	respond "{http.request.local.port}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "9080")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, fmt.Sprintf("%d", harness.Tester().PortOne()))
 }
 
 func TestSetThenAddQueryParams(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query foo bar
 	uri query +foo baz
 	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint", 200, "foo=bar&foo=baz")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint", 200, "foo=bar&foo=baz")
 }
 
 func TestSetThenDeleteParams(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query bar foo{query.foo}
 	uri query -foo
 	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=foobar")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=foobar")
 }
 
 func TestRenameAndOtherOps(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query foo>bar
 	uri query bar taz
 	uri query +bar baz
 	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=taz&bar=baz")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=taz&bar=baz")
 }
 
 func TestReplaceOps(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query foo bar baz	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
 }
 
 func TestReplaceWithReplacementPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query foo bar {query.placeholder}	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?placeholder=baz&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=baz")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?placeholder=baz&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=baz")
+
 }
 
 func TestReplaceWithKeyPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query {query.placeholder} bar baz	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?placeholder=foo&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=foo")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?placeholder=foo&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=foo")
 }
 
 func TestPartialReplacement(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query foo ar az	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
 }
 
 func TestNonExistingSearch(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query foo var baz	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=bar")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=bar")
 }
 
 func TestReplaceAllOps(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query * bar baz	
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar&baz=bar", 200, "baz=baz&foo=baz")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar&baz=bar", 200, "baz=baz&foo=baz")
 }
 
 func TestUriOpsBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	:9080
 	uri query {
 		+foo bar
 		-baz
@@ -706,17 +691,16 @@ func TestUriOpsBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	} 
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest", 200, "foo=bar0&foo=bar&taz=test")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest", 200, "foo=bar0&foo=bar&taz=test")
 }
 
 func TestHandleErrorSimpleCodes(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	localhost:9080 {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /hidden* "Not found" 404
@@ -726,18 +710,17 @@ func TestHandleErrorSimpleCodes(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/private", 410, "404 or 410 error")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"private", 410, "404 or 410 error")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/hidden", 404, "404 or 410 error")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"hidden", 404, "404 or 410 error")
 }
 
 func TestHandleErrorRange(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	localhost:9080 {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /hidden* "Not found" 404
@@ -747,18 +730,17 @@ func TestHandleErrorRange(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
 }
 
 func TestHandleErrorSort(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	localhost:9080 {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /hidden* "Not found" 404
@@ -772,18 +754,17 @@ func TestHandleErrorSort(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/internalerr", 500, "Fallback route: code outside the [400..499] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"internalerr", 500, "Fallback route: code outside the [400..499] range")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
 }
 
 func TestHandleErrorRangeAndCodes(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
 	}
-	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	localhost:9080 {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /threehundred* "Moved Permanently" 301
@@ -797,10 +778,9 @@ func TestHandleErrorRangeAndCodes(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/internalerr", 500, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"internalerr", 500, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/threehundred", 301, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"threehundred", 301, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
 }
 
 func TestInvalidSiteAddressesAsDirectives(t *testing.T) {

caddytest/integration/handler_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -10,36 +9,36 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestBrowse(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		grace_period  1ns
 	}
-	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://localhost:9080 {
 		file_server browse
 	}
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
-	harness.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
+	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
 }
 
 func TestRespondWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		grace_period  1ns
 	}
 	localhost {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ func TestRespondWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
   `, "caddyfile")
 
-	res, _ := harness.AssertPostResponseBody(fmt.Sprintf("https://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+	res, _ := tester.AssertPostResponseBody("https://localhost:9443/",
 		nil,
 		bytes.NewBufferString(`{
 		"greeting": "Hello, world!"

caddytest/integration/intercept_test.go

@@ -1,35 +1,40 @@
 package integration
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )
 
 func TestIntercept(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
 			skip_install_trust
-			admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+			admin localhost:2999
-			http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+			http_port     9080
-			https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+			https_port    9443
 			grace_period  1ns
 		}
 	
-		localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+		localhost:9080 {
 			respond /intercept "I'm a teapot" 408
+			header /intercept To-Intercept ok
 			respond /no-intercept "I'm not a teapot"
 
 			intercept {
 				@teapot status 408
 				handle_response @teapot {
+					header /intercept intercepted {resp.header.To-Intercept}
 					respond /intercept "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee" 503
 				}
 			}	
 		}
 		`, "caddyfile")
 
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/intercept", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 503, "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee")
+	r, _ := tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/intercept", 503, "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/no-intercept", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "I'm not a teapot")
+	if r.Header.Get("intercepted") != "ok" {
+		t.Fatalf(`header "intercepted" value is not "ok": %s`, r.Header.Get("intercepted"))
+	}
+
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/no-intercept", 200, "I'm not a teapot")
 }

caddytest/integration/leafcertloaders_test.go

@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestLeafCertLoaders(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"http_port": 9080,
-       			"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+       			"https_port": 9443,
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+							":9443"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{

caddytest/integration/listener_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )
 
-func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddytest.TestHarness {
+func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddytest.Tester {
 	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %s", err)
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddy
 		_ = srv.Close()
 		_ = l.Close()
 	})
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(fmt.Sprintf(`
+	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		local_certs
-		servers :{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO} {
+		servers :9443 {
 			listener_wrappers {
 				http_redirect
 				tls
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddy
 		reverse_proxy %s
 	}
   `, l.Addr().String()), "caddyfile")
-	return harness
+	return tester
 }
 
 func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
 	body := make([]byte, uploadSize)
 	rand.New(rand.NewSource(0)).Read(body)
 
-	harness := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+	tester := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 		_, err := buf.ReadFrom(request.Body)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
 
 		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 	})
-	resp, err := harness.Client().Post(fmt.Sprintf("https://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()), "application/octet-stream", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	resp, err := tester.Client.Post("https://localhost:9443", "application/octet-stream", bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to post: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLargeHttpRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+	tester := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		t.Fatal("not supposed to handle a request")
 	})
 
 	// We never read the body in any way, set an extra long header instead.
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()), nil)
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "http://localhost:9443", nil)
 	req.Header.Set("Long-Header", strings.Repeat("X", 1024*1024))
-	_, err := harness.Client().Do(req)
+	_, err := tester.Client.Do(req)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("not supposed to succeed")
 	}

caddytest/integration/map_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
@@ -10,16 +9,16 @@ import (
 
 func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		grace_period  1ns
 	}
 
-	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	localhost:9080 {
 
 		map {http.request.method} {dest-1} {dest-2} {
 			default unknown1    unknown2
@@ -34,21 +33,21 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 	`, "caddyfile")
 
 	// act and assert
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "hello from localhost GET-called unknown2")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost GET-called unknown2")
-	harness.AssertPostResponseBody(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called foobar")
+	tester.AssertPostResponseBody("http://localhost:9080/version", []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called foobar")
 }
 
 func TestMapRespondWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		}
 		
-		localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+		localhost:9080 {
 	
 			map {http.request.method} {dest-name} {
 				default unknown
@@ -62,17 +61,17 @@ func TestMapRespondWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	`, "caddyfile")
 
 	// act and assert
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
-	harness.AssertPostResponseBody(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost unknown")
+	tester.AssertPostResponseBody("http://localhost:9080/version", []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost unknown")
 }
 
 func TestMapAsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -83,12 +82,12 @@ func TestMapAsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+				"https_port": 9443,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}"
+							":9080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ func TestMapAsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 	}`, "json")
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
-	harness.AssertPostResponseBody(target, []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called")
+	tester.AssertPostResponseBody("http://localhost:9080/version", []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called")
 }

caddytest/integration/mockdns_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	caddy.RegisterModule(MockDNSProvider{})
+}
+
+// MockDNSProvider is a mock DNS provider, for testing config with DNS modules.
+type MockDNSProvider struct{}
+
+// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
+func (MockDNSProvider) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
+	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
+		ID:  "dns.providers.mock",
+		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MockDNSProvider) },
+	}
+}
+
+// Provision sets up the module.
+func (MockDNSProvider) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the module from Caddyfile tokens.
+func (MockDNSProvider) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AppendRecords appends DNS records to the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) AppendRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteRecords deletes DNS records from the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) DeleteRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// GetRecords gets DNS records from the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) GetRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// SetRecords sets DNS records in the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) SetRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// Interface guard
+var _ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
+var _ certmagic.DNSProvider = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
+var _ caddy.Provisioner = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
+var _ caddy.Module = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)

caddytest/integration/reverseproxy_test.go

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestSRVReverseProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ func TestDialWithPlaceholderUnix(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	runtime.Gosched() // Allow other goroutines to run
 
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ func TestDialWithPlaceholderUnix(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", socketName)
-	harness.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
+	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
 func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 					"srv1": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}"
+							":9080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -223,21 +223,21 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, "json")
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", "localhost:18080")
-	harness.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
+	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
 func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 					"srv1": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}"
+							":9080"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -317,23 +317,23 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, "json")
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", "localhost")
-	harness.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
+	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		grace_period 1ns
 	}
 	http://localhost:2020 {
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	http://localhost:2021 {
 		respond "ok"
 	}
-	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://localhost:9080 {
 		reverse_proxy {
 			to localhost:2020
 	
@@ -357,15 +357,14 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	`, "caddyfile")
 
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // TODO: for some reason this test seems particularly flaky, getting 503 when it should be 200, unless we wait
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.SkipNow()
 	}
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "*.sock")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create TempFile: %s", err)
@@ -396,15 +395,15 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	runtime.Gosched() // Allow other goroutines to run
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(fmt.Sprintf(`
+	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		grace_period 1ns
 	}
-	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://localhost:9080 {
 		reverse_proxy {
 			to unix/%s
 	
@@ -416,15 +415,14 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, socketName), "caddyfile")
 
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
 
 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.SkipNow()
 	}
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "*.sock")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create TempFile: %s", err)
@@ -455,15 +453,15 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	runtime.Gosched() // Allow other goroutines to run
 
-	harness.LoadConfig(fmt.Sprintf(`
+	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		http_port     9080
-		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
+		https_port    9443
 		grace_period 1ns
 	}
-	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+	http://localhost:9080 {
 		reverse_proxy {
 			to unix/%s
 	
@@ -474,5 +472,5 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, socketName), "caddyfile")
 
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Hello, World!")
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

caddytest/integration/sni_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package integration
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
@@ -9,20 +8,20 @@ import (
 
 func TestDefaultSNI(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+	tester.InitServer(`{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+				"https_port": 9443,
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+							":9443"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -103,27 +102,26 @@ func TestDefaultSNI(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// act and assert
 	// makes a request with no sni
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("https://127.0.0.1:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("https://127.0.0.1:9443/version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
 }
 
 func TestDefaultSNIWithNamedHostAndExplicitIP(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(` 
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+				"https_port": 9443,
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+							":9443"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -208,27 +206,26 @@ func TestDefaultSNIWithNamedHostAndExplicitIP(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// act and assert
 	// makes a request with no sni
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("https://127.0.0.1:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("https://127.0.0.1:9443/version", 200, "hello from a")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"version", 200, "hello from a")
 }
 
 func TestDefaultSNIWithPortMappingOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(` 
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+				"https_port": 9443,
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+							":9443"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -285,8 +282,7 @@ func TestDefaultSNIWithPortMappingOnly(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// act and assert
 	// makes a request with no sni
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("https://127.0.0.1:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo())
+	tester.AssertGetResponse("https://127.0.0.1:9443/version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
-	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
 }
 
 func TestHttpOnlyOnDomainWithSNI(t *testing.T) {

caddytest/integration/stream_test.go

@@ -20,21 +20,21 @@ import (
 
 // (see https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/3556 for use case)
 func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(` 
   {
 	"admin": {
-		"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+		"listen": "localhost:2999"
 	},
     "apps": {
       "http": {
-        "http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+        "http_port": 9080,
-        "https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+        "https_port": 9443,
 		"grace_period": 1,
         "servers": {
           "srv0": {
             "listen": [
-              ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+              ":9443"
             ],
             "routes": [
               {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 
 	expectedBody := "some data to be echoed"
 	// start the server
-	server := testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(harness, t)
+	server := testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t)
 	go server.ListenAndServe()
 	defer func() {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Nanosecond)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 		Body:   io.NopCloser(r),
 		URL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "https",
-			Host:   fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			Host:   "127.0.0.1:9443",
 			Path:   "/tov2ray",
 		},
 		Proto:      "HTTP/2",
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 	// Disable any compression method from server.
 	req.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "identity")
 
-	resp := harness.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
+	resp := tester.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return
 	}
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(harness *caddytest.TestHarness, t *testing.T) *http.Server {
+func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t *testing.T) *http.Server {
 	h2s := &http2.Server{}
 	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		rstring, err := httputil.DumpRequest(r, false)
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(harness *caddytest.TestHarness, t *testing.T) *ht
 			return
 		}
 
-		if r.Host != fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()) {
+		if r.Host != "127.0.0.1:9443" {
 			t.Errorf("r.Host doesn't match, %v!", r.Host)
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 			return
@@ -204,21 +204,28 @@ func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(harness *caddytest.TestHarness, t *testing.T) *ht
 
 // (see https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/3606 for use case)
 func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	harness.LoadConfig(`
+	tester.InitServer(` 
 {
 	"admin": {
-		"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
+		"listen": "localhost:2999"
+	},
+  "logging": {
+    "logs": {
+      "default": {
+        "level": "DEBUG"
+      }
+    }
   },
   "apps": {
     "http": {
-      "http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+      "http_port": 9080,
-      "https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+      "https_port": 9443,
 	  "grace_period": 1,
       "servers": {
         "srv0": {
           "listen": [
-            ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
+            ":9443"
           ],
           "routes": [
             {
@@ -305,7 +312,7 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// start the server
-	server := testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(harness, t)
+	server := testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(t)
 	go server.ListenAndServe()
 	defer func() {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Nanosecond)
@@ -319,7 +326,7 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		Body:   io.NopCloser(r),
 		URL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "https",
-			Host:   fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			Host:   "127.0.0.1:9443",
 			Path:   "/tov2ray",
 		},
 		Proto:      "HTTP/2",
@@ -333,7 +340,7 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprint(w, expectedBody)
 		w.Close()
 	}()
-	resp := harness.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
+	resp := tester.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return
 	}
@@ -351,9 +358,9 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(harness *caddytest.TestHarness, t *testing.T) *http.Server {
+func testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(t *testing.T) *http.Server {
 	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.Host != fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()) {
+		if r.Host != "127.0.0.1:9443" {
 			t.Errorf("r.Host doesn't match, %v!", r.Host)
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 			return

caddytest/integration/testdata/foo_with_multiple_trailing_newlines.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+foo
+

caddytest/integration/testdata/foo_with_trailing_newline.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

caddytest/testing_harness.go

@@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-package caddytest
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"path"
-	"regexp"
-	"runtime"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// use the convention to replace /[certificatename].[crt|key] with the full path
-// this helps reduce the noise in test configurations and also allow this
-// to run in any path
-func prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig string) string {
-	r := matchKey.ReplaceAllString(rawConfig, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
-	r = matchCert.ReplaceAllString(r, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
-	return r
-}
-
-func getIntegrationDir() string {
-	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(1)
-	if !ok {
-		panic("unable to determine the current file path")
-	}
-
-	return path.Dir(filename)
-}
-
-var (
-	matchKey  = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.key)`)
-	matchCert = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.crt)`)
-)
-
-type TestHarness struct {
-	t testing.TB
-
-	tester *Tester
-}
-
-// StartHarness creates and starts a test harness environment which spans the lifetime a single caddy instance
-// This is used for the integration tests
-func StartHarness(t *testing.T) *TestHarness {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.SkipNow()
-		return nil
-	}
-	o := &TestHarness{t: t}
-	o.init()
-	return o
-}
-
-func (tc *TestHarness) Tester() *Tester {
-	return tc.tester
-}
-
-func (tc *TestHarness) Client() *http.Client {
-	return tc.tester.Client
-}
-
-func (tc *TestHarness) LoadConfig(rawConfig, configType string) {
-	rawConfig = prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
-	err := tc.tester.LoadConfig(rawConfig, configType)
-	require.NoError(tc.t, err)
-}
-
-func (tc *TestHarness) init() {
-	// start the server
-	tester, err := NewTester()
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("Failed to create caddy tester: %s", err)
-		return
-	}
-	tc.tester = tester
-	err = tc.tester.LaunchCaddy()
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("Failed to launch caddy server: %s", err)
-		tc.t.FailNow()
-		return
-	}
-	// cleanup
-	tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
-		func() {
-			if tc.t.Failed() {
-				res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.tester.adminPort))
-				if err != nil {
-					tc.t.Log("unable to read the current config")
-					return
-				}
-				defer res.Body.Close()
-				body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
-
-				var out bytes.Buffer
-				_ = json.Indent(&out, body, "", "  ")
-				tc.t.Logf("----------- failed with config -----------\n%s", out.String())
-			}
-		}()
-		// shutdown server after extracing the config
-		err = tc.tester.CleanupCaddy()
-		if err != nil {
-			tc.t.Errorf("failed to clean up caddy instance: %s", err)
-			tc.t.FailNow()
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// AssertRedirect makes a request and asserts the redirection happens
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
-	redirectPolicyFunc := func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
-		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
-	}
-
-	// using the existing client, we override the check redirect policy for this test
-	old := tc.tester.Client.CheckRedirect
-	tc.tester.Client.CheckRedirect = redirectPolicyFunc
-	defer func() { tc.tester.Client.CheckRedirect = old }()
-
-	resp, err := tc.tester.Client.Get(requestURI)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to call server %s", err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", requestURI, expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	loc, err := resp.Location()
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got error: %s", requestURI, expectedToLocation, err)
-	}
-	if loc == nil && expectedToLocation != "" {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected a Location header, but didn't get one", requestURI)
-	}
-	if loc != nil {
-		if expectedToLocation != loc.String() {
-			tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", requestURI, expectedToLocation, loc.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return resp
-}
-
-// AssertResponseCode will execute the request and verify the status code, returns a response for additional assertions
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
-	resp, err := tc.tester.Client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("failed to call server %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", req.URL.RequestURI(), expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	return resp
-}
-
-// AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	resp := tc.AssertResponseCode(req, expectedStatusCode)
-
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	bytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to read the response body %s", err)
-	}
-
-	body := string(bytes)
-
-	if body != expectedBody {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected response body \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", req.RequestURI, expectedBody, body)
-	}
-
-	return resp, body
-}
-
-// Verb specific test functions
-
-// AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", requestURI, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", requestURI, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", requestURI, requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
-		return nil, ""
-	}
-
-	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", requestURI, requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
-		return nil, ""
-	}
-
-	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
-func (tc *TestHarness) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", requestURI, requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
-		return nil, ""
-	}
-
-	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}

cmd/cobra.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )
 
-var defaultFactory = NewRootCommandFactory(func() *cobra.Command {
+var defaultFactory = newRootCommandFactory(func() *cobra.Command {
 	return &cobra.Command{
 		Use: "caddy",
 		Long: `Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ const fullDocsFooter = `Full documentation is available at:
 https://caddyserver.com/docs/command-line`
 
 func init() {
-	defaultFactory.Use(func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-		cmd.SetVersionTemplate("{{.Version}}\n")
+		rootCmd.SetVersionTemplate("{{.Version}}\n")
-		cmd.SetHelpTemplate(cmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
+		rootCmd.SetHelpTemplate(rootCmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
 	})
 }
 

cmd/commandfactory.go

@@ -4,22 +4,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-type RootCommandFactory struct {
+type rootCommandFactory struct {
 	constructor func() *cobra.Command
 	options     []func(*cobra.Command)
 }
 
-func NewRootCommandFactory(fn func() *cobra.Command) *RootCommandFactory {
+func newRootCommandFactory(fn func() *cobra.Command) *rootCommandFactory {
-	return &RootCommandFactory{
+	return &rootCommandFactory{
 		constructor: fn,
 	}
 }
 
-func (f *RootCommandFactory) Use(fn func(cmd *cobra.Command)) {
+func (f *rootCommandFactory) Use(fn func(cmd *cobra.Command)) {
 	f.options = append(f.options, fn)
 }
 
-func (f *RootCommandFactory) Build() *cobra.Command {
+func (f *rootCommandFactory) Build() *cobra.Command {
 	o := f.constructor()
 	for _, v := range f.options {
 		v(o)

cmd/commandfuncs.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
@@ -75,6 +74,10 @@ func cmdStart(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	// sure by giving it some random bytes and having it echo
 	// them back to us)
 	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "run", "--pingback", ln.Addr().String())
+	// we should be able to run caddy in relative paths
+	if errors.Is(cmd.Err, exec.ErrDot) {
+		cmd.Err = nil
+	}
 	if configFlag != "" {
 		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--config", configFlag)
 	}
@@ -168,6 +171,10 @@ func cmdStart(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	caddy.TrapSignals()
 
+	logger := caddy.Log()
+	undoMaxProcs := setResourceLimits(logger)
+	defer undoMaxProcs()
+
 	configFlag := fl.String("config")
 	configAdapterFlag := fl.String("adapter")
 	resumeFlag := fl.Bool("resume")
@@ -193,18 +200,18 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		config, err = os.ReadFile(caddy.ConfigAutosavePath)
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 			// not a bad error; just can't resume if autosave file doesn't exist
-			caddy.Log().Info("no autosave file exists", zap.String("autosave_file", caddy.ConfigAutosavePath))
+			logger.Info("no autosave file exists", zap.String("autosave_file", caddy.ConfigAutosavePath))
 			resumeFlag = false
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, err
 		} else {
 			if configFlag == "" {
-				caddy.Log().Info("resuming from last configuration",
+				logger.Info("resuming from last configuration",
 					zap.String("autosave_file", caddy.ConfigAutosavePath))
 			} else {
 				// if they also specified a config file, user should be aware that we're not
 				// using it (doing so could lead to data/config loss by overwriting!)
-				caddy.Log().Warn("--config and --resume flags were used together; ignoring --config and resuming from last configuration",
+				logger.Warn("--config and --resume flags were used together; ignoring --config and resuming from last configuration",
 					zap.String("autosave_file", caddy.ConfigAutosavePath))
 			}
 		}
@@ -222,7 +229,7 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	if pidfileFlag != "" {
 		err := caddy.PIDFile(pidfileFlag)
 		if err != nil {
-			caddy.Log().Error("unable to write PID file",
+			logger.Error("unable to write PID file",
 				zap.String("pidfile", pidfileFlag),
 				zap.Error(err))
 		}
@@ -233,7 +240,7 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("loading initial config: %v", err)
 	}
-	caddy.Log().Info("serving initial configuration")
+	logger.Info("serving initial configuration")
 
 	// if we are to report to another process the successful start
 	// of the server, do so now by echoing back contents of stdin
@@ -258,7 +265,6 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 
 	// if enabled, reload config file automatically on changes
 	// (this better only be used in dev!)
-	// do not enable this during tests, it will cause leaks
 	if watchFlag {
 		go watchConfigFile(configFile, configAdapterFlag)
 	}
@@ -270,23 +276,19 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "windows":
 		if os.Getenv("HOME") == "" && os.Getenv("USERPROFILE") == "" && !hasXDG {
-			caddy.Log().Warn("neither HOME nor USERPROFILE environment variables are set - please fix; some assets might be stored in ./caddy")
+			logger.Warn("neither HOME nor USERPROFILE environment variables are set - please fix; some assets might be stored in ./caddy")
 		}
 	case "plan9":
 		if os.Getenv("home") == "" && !hasXDG {
-			caddy.Log().Warn("$home environment variable is empty - please fix; some assets might be stored in ./caddy")
+			logger.Warn("$home environment variable is empty - please fix; some assets might be stored in ./caddy")
 		}
 	default:
 		if os.Getenv("HOME") == "" && !hasXDG {
-			caddy.Log().Warn("$HOME environment variable is empty - please fix; some assets might be stored in ./caddy")
+			logger.Warn("$HOME environment variable is empty - please fix; some assets might be stored in ./caddy")
 		}
 	}
 
-	if flag.Lookup("test.v") == nil || !strings.Contains(os.Args[0], ".test") {
 	select {}
-	} else {
-		return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
-	}
 }
 
 func cmdStop(fl Flags) (int, error) {
@@ -562,10 +564,15 @@ func cmdValidateConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 
 func cmdFmt(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	configFile := fl.Arg(0)
-	if configFile == "" {
+	configFlag := fl.String("config")
-		configFile = "Caddyfile"
+	if (len(fl.Args()) > 1) || (configFlag != "" && configFile != "") {
+		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("fmt does not support multiple files %s %s", configFlag, strings.Join(fl.Args(), " "))
+	}
+	if configFile == "" && configFlag == "" {
+		configFile = "Caddyfile"
+	} else if configFile == "" {
+		configFile = configFlag
 	}
-
 	// as a special case, read from stdin if the file name is "-"
 	if configFile == "-" {
 		input, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
@@ -662,6 +669,8 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		parsedAddr.Host = addr
+	} else if parsedAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
+		origin = "http://127.0.0.1"
 	}
 
 	// form the request
@@ -669,13 +678,13 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("making request: %v", err)
 	}
-	if parsedAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if parsedAddr.IsUnixNetwork() || parsedAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
 		// We used to conform to RFC 2616 Section 14.26 which requires
 		// an empty host header when there is no host, as is the case
-		// with unix sockets. However, Go required a Host value so we
+		// with unix sockets and socket fds. However, Go required a
-		// used a hack of a space character as the host (it would see
+		// Host value so we used a hack of a space character as the host
-		// the Host was non-empty, then trim the space later). As of
+		// (it would see the Host was non-empty, then trim the space later).
-		// Go 1.20.6 (July 2023), this hack no longer works. See:
+		// As of Go 1.20.6 (July 2023), this hack no longer works. See:
 		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60374
 		// See also the discussion here:
 		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61431
@@ -716,7 +725,7 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 
 	// if it didn't work, let the user know
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
-		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024*10))
+		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024*1024*2))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d: reading error message: %v", resp.StatusCode, err)
 		}

cmd/commands.go

@@ -388,6 +388,7 @@ When reading from stdin, the --overwrite flag has no effect: the result
 is always printed to stdout.
 `,
 		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file")
 			cmd.Flags().BoolP("overwrite", "w", false, "Overwrite the input file with the results")
 			cmd.Flags().BoolP("diff", "d", false, "Print the differences between the input file and the formatted output")
 			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdFmt)
@@ -409,12 +410,13 @@ latest versions. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 
 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "add-package",
-		Usage: "<packages...>",
+		Usage: "<package[@version]...>",
 		Short: "Adds Caddy packages (EXPERIMENTAL)",
 		Long: `
 Downloads an updated Caddy binary with the specified packages (module/plugin)
-added. Retains existing packages. Returns an error if the any of packages are
+added, with an optional version specified (e.g., "package@version"). Retains
-already included. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
+existing packages. Returns an error if any of the specified packages are already
+included. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 `,
 		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 			cmd.Flags().BoolP("keep-backup", "k", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
@@ -438,7 +440,8 @@ EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 		},
 	})
 
-	RegisterCommand(Command{
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(Command{
 			Name:  "manpage",
 			Usage: "--directory <path>",
 			Short: "Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands",
@@ -459,8 +462,7 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 					if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
 						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
 					}
-				ccmd := defaultFactory.Build()
+					if err := doc.GenManTree(rootCmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
-				if err := doc.GenManTree(ccmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
 						Title:   "Caddy",
 						Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
 					}, dir); err != nil {
@@ -469,11 +471,10 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 					return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
 				})
 			},
-	})
+		}))
 
 		// source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/shell_completions.md
-	defaultFactory.Use(func(ccmd *cobra.Command) {
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
-		ccmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
 			Use:   "completion [bash|zsh|fish|powershell]",
 			Short: "Generate completion script",
 			Long: fmt.Sprintf(`To load completions:
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 	  # To load completions for every new session, run:
 	  PS> %[1]s completion powershell > %[1]s.ps1
 	  # and source this file from your PowerShell profile.
-	`, defaultFactory.constructor().Name()),
+	`, rootCmd.Root().Name()),
 			DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
 			ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
 			Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
@@ -566,8 +567,8 @@ func RegisterCommand(cmd Command) {
 	if !commandNameRegex.MatchString(cmd.Name) {
 		panic("invalid command name")
 	}
-	defaultFactory.Use(func(ccmd *cobra.Command) {
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-		ccmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
 	})
 }
 

cmd/main.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -33,10 +34,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit/memlimit"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"go.uber.org/automaxprocs/maxprocs"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -66,13 +69,7 @@ func Main() {
 		os.Exit(caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup)
 	}
 
-	undo, err := maxprocs.Set()
+	if err := defaultFactory.Build().Execute(); err != nil {
-	defer undo()
-	if err != nil {
-		caddy.Log().Warn("failed to set GOMAXPROCS", zap.Error(err))
-	}
-	rootCmd := defaultFactory.Build()
-	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		var exitError *exitError
 		if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 			os.Exit(exitError.ExitCode)
@@ -81,18 +78,6 @@ func Main() {
 	}
 }
 
-// MainForTesting implements the main function of the caddy command, used internally for testing
-func MainForTesting(args ...string) error {
-	// create a root command for testing which will not pollute the global namespace, and does not
-	// call os.Exit().
-	rootCmd := defaultFactory.Build()
-	rootCmd.SetArgs(args)
-	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // handlePingbackConn reads from conn and ensures it matches
 // the bytes in expect, or returns an error if it doesn't.
 func handlePingbackConn(conn net.Conn, expect []byte) error {
@@ -479,6 +464,31 @@ func printEnvironment() {
 	}
 }
 
+func setResourceLimits(logger *zap.Logger) func() {
+	// Configure the maximum number of CPUs to use to match the Linux container quota (if any)
+	// See https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#GOMAXPROCS
+	undo, err := maxprocs.Set(maxprocs.Logger(logger.Sugar().Infof))
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("failed to set GOMAXPROCS", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+
+	// Configure the maximum memory to use to match the Linux container quota (if any) or system memory
+	// See https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/debug#SetMemoryLimit
+	_, _ = memlimit.SetGoMemLimitWithOpts(
+		memlimit.WithLogger(
+			slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+		),
+		memlimit.WithProvider(
+			memlimit.ApplyFallback(
+				memlimit.FromCgroup,
+				memlimit.FromSystem,
+			),
+		),
+	)
+
+	return undo
+}
+
 // StringSlice is a flag.Value that enables repeated use of a string flag.
 type StringSlice []string
 

cmd/packagesfuncs.go

@@ -46,6 +46,25 @@ func cmdUpgrade(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	return upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs, fl)
 }
 
+func splitModule(arg string) (module, version string, err error) {
+	const versionSplit = "@"
+
+	// accommodate module paths that have @ in them, but we can only tolerate that if there's also
+	// a version, otherwise we don't know if it's a version separator or part of the file path
+	lastVersionSplit := strings.LastIndex(arg, versionSplit)
+	if lastVersionSplit < 0 {
+		module = arg
+	} else {
+		module, version = arg[:lastVersionSplit], arg[lastVersionSplit+1:]
+	}
+
+	if module == "" {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("module name is required")
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 func cmdAddPackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	if len(fl.Args()) == 0 {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("at least one package name must be specified")
@@ -60,10 +79,15 @@ func cmdAddPackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, arg := range fl.Args() {
-		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[arg]; ok {
+		module, version, err := splitModule(arg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("invalid module name: %v", err)
+		}
+		// only allow a version to be specified if it's different from the existing version
+		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[module]; ok && !(version != "" && pluginPkgs[module].Version != version) {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("package is already added")
 		}
-		pluginPkgs[arg] = struct{}{}
+		pluginPkgs[module] = pluginPackage{Version: version, Path: module}
 	}
 
 	return upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs, fl)
@@ -83,7 +107,11 @@ func cmdRemovePackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, arg := range fl.Args() {
-		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[arg]; !ok {
+		module, _, err := splitModule(arg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("invalid module name: %v", err)
+		}
+		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[module]; !ok {
 			// package does not exist
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("package is not added")
 		}
@@ -93,7 +121,7 @@ func cmdRemovePackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	return upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs, fl)
 }
 
-func upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs map[string]struct{}, fl Flags) (int, error) {
+func upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs map[string]pluginPackage, fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	l := caddy.Log()
 
 	thisExecPath, err := os.Executable()
@@ -120,8 +148,8 @@ func upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs map[string]struct{}, fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		"os":   {runtime.GOOS},
 		"arch": {runtime.GOARCH},
 	}
-	for pkg := range pluginPkgs {
+	for _, pkgInfo := range pluginPkgs {
-		qs.Add("p", pkg)
+		qs.Add("p", pkgInfo.String())
 	}
 
 	// initiate the build
@@ -276,14 +304,14 @@ func downloadBuild(qs url.Values) (*http.Response, error) {
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func getPluginPackages(modules []moduleInfo) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+func getPluginPackages(modules []moduleInfo) (map[string]pluginPackage, error) {
-	pluginPkgs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	pluginPkgs := make(map[string]pluginPackage)
 	for _, mod := range modules {
 		if mod.goModule.Replace != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot auto-upgrade when Go module has been replaced: %s => %s",
 				mod.goModule.Path, mod.goModule.Replace.Path)
 		}
-		pluginPkgs[mod.goModule.Path] = struct{}{}
+		pluginPkgs[mod.goModule.Path] = pluginPackage{Version: mod.goModule.Version, Path: mod.goModule.Path}
 	}
 	return pluginPkgs, nil
 }
@@ -312,3 +340,15 @@ func writeCaddyBinary(path string, body *io.ReadCloser, fileInfo os.FileInfo) er
 }
 
 const downloadPath = "https://caddyserver.com/api/download"
+
+type pluginPackage struct {
+	Version string
+	Path    string
+}
+
+func (p pluginPackage) String() string {
+	if p.Version == "" {
+		return p.Path
+	}
+	return p.Path + "@" + p.Version
+}

cmd/storagefuncs.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
@@ -190,12 +191,20 @@ func cmdExportStorage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	for _, k := range keys {
 		info, err := stor.Stat(ctx, k)
 		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+				caddy.Log().Warn(fmt.Sprintf("key: %s removed while export is in-progress", k))
+				continue
+			}
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
 		}
 
 		if info.IsTerminal {
 			v, err := stor.Load(ctx, k)
 			if err != nil {
+				if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+					caddy.Log().Warn(fmt.Sprintf("key: %s removed while export is in-progress", k))
+					continue
+				}
 				return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
 			}
 

context.go

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/collectors"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ type Context struct {
 	ancestry        []Module
 	cleanupFuncs    []func()                // invoked at every config unload
 	exitFuncs       []func(context.Context) // invoked at config unload ONLY IF the process is exiting (EXPERIMENTAL)
+	metricsRegistry *prometheus.Registry
 }
 
 // NewContext provides a new context derived from the given
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ type Context struct {
 // modules which are loaded will be properly unloaded.
 // See standard library context package's documentation.
 func NewContext(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelFunc) {
-	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module), cfg: ctx.cfg}
+	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module), cfg: ctx.cfg, metricsRegistry: prometheus.NewPedanticRegistry()}
 	c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx.Context)
 	wrappedCancel := func() {
 		cancel()
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ func NewContext(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelFunc) {
 		}
 	}
 	newCtx.Context = c
+	newCtx.initMetrics()
 	return newCtx, wrappedCancel
 }
 
@@ -87,14 +91,32 @@ func (ctx *Context) OnCancel(f func()) {
 	ctx.cleanupFuncs = append(ctx.cleanupFuncs, f)
 }
 
-// Filesystems returns a ref to the FilesystemMap.
+// FileSystems returns a ref to the FilesystemMap.
 // EXPERIMENTAL: This API is subject to change.
-func (ctx *Context) Filesystems() FileSystems {
+func (ctx *Context) FileSystems() FileSystems {
 	// if no config is loaded, we use a default filesystemmap, which includes the osfs
 	if ctx.cfg == nil {
-		return &filesystems.FilesystemMap{}
+		return &filesystems.FileSystemMap{}
 	}
-	return ctx.cfg.filesystems
+	return ctx.cfg.fileSystems
+}
+
+// Returns the active metrics registry for the context
+// EXPERIMENTAL: This API is subject to change.
+func (ctx *Context) GetMetricsRegistry() *prometheus.Registry {
+	return ctx.metricsRegistry
+}
+
+func (ctx *Context) initMetrics() {
+	ctx.metricsRegistry.MustRegister(
+		collectors.NewBuildInfoCollector(),
+		collectors.NewProcessCollector(collectors.ProcessCollectorOpts{}),
+		collectors.NewGoCollector(),
+		adminMetrics.requestCount,
+		adminMetrics.requestErrors,
+		globalMetrics.configSuccess,
+		globalMetrics.configSuccessTime,
+	)
 }
 
 // OnExit executes f when the process exits gracefully.
@@ -255,6 +277,14 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer any, fieldName string) (any, error)
 	return result, nil
 }
 
+// emitEvent is a small convenience method so the caddy core can emit events, if the event app is configured.
+func (ctx Context) emitEvent(name string, data map[string]any) Event {
+	if ctx.cfg == nil || ctx.cfg.eventEmitter == nil {
+		return Event{}
+	}
+	return ctx.cfg.eventEmitter.Emit(ctx, name, data)
+}
+
 // loadModulesFromSomeMap loads modules from val, which must be a type of map[string]any.
 // Depending on inlineModuleKey, it will be interpreted as either a ModuleMap (key is the module
 // name) or as a regular map (key is not the module name, and module name is defined inline).
@@ -363,6 +393,17 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (any, error
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module value cannot be null")
 	}
 
+	// if this is an app module, keep a reference to it,
+	// since submodules may need to reference it during
+	// provisioning (even though the parent app module
+	// may not be fully provisioned yet; this is the case
+	// with the tls app's automation policies, which may
+	// refer to the tls app to check if a global DNS
+	// module has been configured for DNS challenges)
+	if appModule, ok := val.(App); ok {
+		ctx.cfg.apps[id] = appModule
+	}
+
 	ctx.ancestry = append(ctx.ancestry, val)
 
 	if prov, ok := val.(Provisioner); ok {
@@ -396,6 +437,14 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (any, error
 
 	ctx.moduleInstances[id] = append(ctx.moduleInstances[id], val)
 
+	// if the loaded module happens to be an app that can emit events, store it so the
+	// core can have access to emit events without an import cycle
+	if ee, ok := val.(eventEmitter); ok {
+		if _, ok := ee.(App); ok {
+			ctx.cfg.eventEmitter = ee
+		}
+	}
+
 	return val, nil
 }
 
@@ -449,7 +498,6 @@ func (ctx Context) App(name string) (any, error) {
 	if appRaw != nil {
 		ctx.cfg.AppsRaw[name] = nil // allow GC to deallocate
 	}
-	ctx.cfg.apps[name] = modVal.(App)
 	return modVal, nil
 }
 
@@ -535,12 +583,8 @@ func (ctx Context) Slogger() *slog.Logger {
 	if mod == nil {
 		return slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(Log().Core(), nil))
 	}
-
+	return slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(ctx.cfg.Logging.Logger(mod).Core(),
-	return slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(
+		zapslog.WithName(string(mod.CaddyModule().ID)),
-		ctx.cfg.Logging.Logger(mod).Core(),
-		&zapslog.HandlerOptions{
-			LoggerName: string(mod.CaddyModule().ID),
-		},
 	))
 }
 
@@ -572,3 +616,11 @@ func (ctx *Context) WithValue(key, value any) Context {
 		exitFuncs:       ctx.exitFuncs,
 	}
 }
+
+// eventEmitter is a small interface that inverts dependencies for
+// the caddyevents package, so the core can emit events without an
+// import cycle (i.e. the caddy package doesn't have to import
+// the caddyevents package, which imports the caddy package).
+type eventEmitter interface {
+	Emit(ctx Context, eventName string, data map[string]any) Event
+}

filepath.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package caddy
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+// FastAbs is an optimized version of filepath.Abs for Unix systems,
+// since we don't expect the working directory to ever change once
+// Caddy is running. Avoid the os.Getwd() syscall overhead.
+// It's overall the same as stdlib's implementation, the difference
+// being cached working directory.
+func FastAbs(path string) (string, error) {
+	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+		return filepath.Clean(path), nil
+	}
+	if wderr != nil {
+		return "", wderr
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(wd, path), nil
+}
+
+var wd, wderr = os.Getwd()

filepath_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package caddy
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+// FastAbs can't be optimized on Windows because there
+// are special file paths that require the use of syscall.FullPath
+// to handle correctly.
+// Just call stdlib's implementation which uses that function.
+func FastAbs(path string) (string, error) {
+	return filepath.Abs(path)
+}

filesystem.go

@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
 package caddy
 
 import "io/fs"

go.mod

@@ -1,110 +1,112 @@
 module github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2
 
-go 1.21.0
+go 1.24
-
-toolchain go1.22.2
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.3.2
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0
-	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3
+	github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.1
-	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.13.0
+	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.15.0
 	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b
-	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.3
+	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.23.0
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3
+	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.0
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
-	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.12
+	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.1
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.24.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.10
-	github.com/mholt/acmez/v2 v2.0.1
+	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.2
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.44.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.50.1
 	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1
 	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.1
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
 	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20240608151842-d3f834017e53
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.1
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.8
 	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting/v2 v2.0.0-20230729083705-37449abec8cc
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.56.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.42.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.31.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.21.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.31.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.21.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.31.0
-	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3
+	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.2.0
+	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595
+	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20250305170421-49bf5b80c810
-	golang.org/x/net v0.25.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
+	cel.dev/expr v0.19.1 // indirect
+	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tspi v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20231212022811-ec68065c825e // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.13.2 // indirect
+	github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/go-attestation v0.4.4-0.20240109183208-413678f90935 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20231024181729-3b98ecc1ca81 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/aws v1.17.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.17.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.17.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.17.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/mock v0.4.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240506185415-9bf2ced13842 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240506185236-b8a5c65736ae // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240429193739-8cf5692501f6 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9 // indirect
 )
 
 require (
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
-	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/chunkreader/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgconn v1.14.3 // indirect
@@ -114,43 +116,43 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20221227161230-091c0ba34f0a // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.3 // indirect
-	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/libdns/libdns v1.0.0-beta.1
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.63 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0
+	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.1-0.20240628150027-b718e7ce4964
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.14 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.9 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.21.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.31.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.0.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0
 	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.20.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.67.1 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,43 +1,60 @@
+cel.dev/expr v0.19.1 h1:NciYrtDRIR0lNCnH1LFJegdjspNx9fI59O7TWcua/W4=
+cel.dev/expr v0.19.1/go.mod h1:MrpN08Q+lEBs+bGYdLxxHkZoUSsCp0nSKTs0nTymJgw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.31.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.37.0/go.mod h1:TS1dMSSfndXH133OKGwekG838Om/cQT0BUHV3HcBgoo=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.112.1 h1:uJSeirPke5UNZHIb4SxfZklVSiWWVqW4oXlETwZziwM=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1 h1:Z7YNIhlWRtrnKlZke7z3GMqzvuYzdc2z98F9D1NV5Hg=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1/go.mod h1:QVBuVEKpCn4Zp58hzRGvL0tjRGU0YqdRTdCHM1IHnro=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.2 h1:+TTV8aXpjeChS9M+aTtN/TjdQnzJvmzKFt//oWu7HX4=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.2/go.mod h1:wcYjgpZI9+Yu7LyYBg4pqSiaRkfEK3GQcpb7C/uyF1Q=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.24.0 h1:phWcR2eWzRJaL/kOiJwfFsPs4BaKq1j6vnpZrc1YlVg=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.23.3 h1:6sVlXXBmbd7jNX0Ipq0trII3e4n1/MsADLK6a+aiVlk=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 h1:Tz+eQXMEqDIKRsmY3cHTL6FVaynIjX2QxYC4trgAKZc=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0 h1:Zr0eK8JbFv6+Wi4ilXAR8FJ3wyNdpxHKJNPos6LTZOY=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0/go.mod h1:aHnloV2TPI38yx4s9+wAZhHykWvVCfu7hQbF+9CWoiY=
 cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.8 h1:r7umDwhj+BQyz0ScZMp4QrGXjSTI3ZINnpgU2nlB/K0=
 cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.8/go.mod h1:GvE6lyMmfxXauzNq8NbgJbeVQNspG+tcdL/W8QO1+zE=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0 h1:1yZsRPhmargZOmY+fVAh8IKiR9HzCb0U1zsxb5g2nRY=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0/go.mod h1:olQUXy2Xud+1GzYfiBO9N0RhjsJk5IJLU6n/ethLXVc=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7 h1:WLbHekDbjK1fVFD3ibpFFVoyizlLRl73I7YKuAKilhU=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7/go.mod h1:8GClkudohy1Fxm3owmBGid8W0pSgodEMwEAztp38Xng=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 h1:Ra4+bf83h2ztPIQYNP99R6m+Y7KfnARDfID+a+vLl4s=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1/go.mod h1:uNxQE+84aUszobStD9th8a29P2fMDhsBdgRYvZOxGmk=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/app/changes v0.0.0-20180602232624-0a106ad413e3/go.mod h1:Yl+fi1br7+Rr3LqpNJf1/uxUdtRUV+Tnj0o93V2B9MU=
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@@ -146,8 +177,8 @@ github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.1/go.mod h1:WYhtIu8zTZfxdn5+rREduYbwxfcBr/Vr6KE
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@@ -257,14 +299,16 @@ github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.3/go.mod h1:Ey4Oru5tH5sB6tV7hDmfWFahwF15Eb7DNXlRKx
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@@ -272,6 +316,7 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.0/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfn
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@@ -381,21 +463,22 @@ github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d h1:06LUHn4Ia2X6syjI
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@@ -413,37 +496,41 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
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@@ -454,20 +541,20 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.17.0 h1:Zbpbmwav32Ea5jSotpmkWE
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@@ -478,12 +565,12 @@ go.uber.org/atomic v1.3.2/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
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@@ -495,10 +582,14 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.10.0/go.mod h1:vwi/ZaCAaUcBkycHslxD9B2zi4UTXhF60s6SWpuDF0Q=
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@@ -554,7 +668,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190813064441-fde4db37ae7a/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
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@@ -603,25 +720,41 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtn
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+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 h1:m3LfL6/Ca+fqnjnlqQXNpFPABW1UD7mjh8KO2mKFytA=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
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@@ -629,16 +762,22 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntN
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
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+sourcegraph.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.5.0/go.mod h1:kuch7UrkMzY0X+p9CRK03kfuPQ2zzQcaEFbx8wA8rck=
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internal/filesystems/map.go

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	DefaultFilesystemKey = "default"
+	DefaultFileSystemKey = "default"
 )
 
-var DefaultFilesystem = &wrapperFs{key: DefaultFilesystemKey, FS: OsFS{}}
+var DefaultFileSystem = &wrapperFs{key: DefaultFileSystemKey, FS: OsFS{}}
 
 // wrapperFs exists so can easily add to wrapperFs down the line
 type wrapperFs struct {
@@ -18,24 +18,24 @@ type wrapperFs struct {
 	fs.FS
 }
 
-// FilesystemMap stores a map of filesystems
+// FileSystemMap stores a map of filesystems
 // the empty key will be overwritten to be the default key
 // it includes a default filesystem, based off the os fs
-type FilesystemMap struct {
+type FileSystemMap struct {
 	m sync.Map
 }
 
 // note that the first invocation of key cannot be called in a racy context.
-func (f *FilesystemMap) key(k string) string {
+func (f *FileSystemMap) key(k string) string {
 	if k == "" {
-		k = DefaultFilesystemKey
+		k = DefaultFileSystemKey
 	}
 	return k
 }
 
 // Register will add the filesystem with key to later be retrieved
 // A call with a nil fs will call unregister, ensuring that a call to Default() will never be nil
-func (f *FilesystemMap) Register(k string, v fs.FS) {
+func (f *FileSystemMap) Register(k string, v fs.FS) {
 	k = f.key(k)
 	if v == nil {
 		f.Unregister(k)
@@ -47,23 +47,23 @@ func (f *FilesystemMap) Register(k string, v fs.FS) {
 // Unregister will remove the filesystem with key from the filesystem map
 // if the key is the default key, it will set the default to the osFS instead of deleting it
 // modules should call this on cleanup to be safe
-func (f *FilesystemMap) Unregister(k string) {
+func (f *FileSystemMap) Unregister(k string) {
 	k = f.key(k)
-	if k == DefaultFilesystemKey {
+	if k == DefaultFileSystemKey {
-		f.m.Store(k, DefaultFilesystem)
+		f.m.Store(k, DefaultFileSystem)
 	} else {
 		f.m.Delete(k)
 	}
 }
 
 // Get will get a filesystem with a given key
-func (f *FilesystemMap) Get(k string) (v fs.FS, ok bool) {
+func (f *FileSystemMap) Get(k string) (v fs.FS, ok bool) {
 	k = f.key(k)
 	c, ok := f.m.Load(strings.TrimSpace(k))
 	if !ok {
-		if k == DefaultFilesystemKey {
+		if k == DefaultFileSystemKey {
-			f.m.Store(k, DefaultFilesystem)
+			f.m.Store(k, DefaultFileSystem)
-			return DefaultFilesystem, true
+			return DefaultFileSystem, true
 		}
 		return nil, ok
 	}
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (f *FilesystemMap) Get(k string) (v fs.FS, ok bool) {
 }
 
 // Default will get the default filesystem in the filesystem map
-func (f *FilesystemMap) Default() fs.FS {
+func (f *FileSystemMap) Default() fs.FS {
-	val, _ := f.Get(DefaultFilesystemKey)
+	val, _ := f.Get(DefaultFileSystemKey)
 	return val
 }

internal/logs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package internal
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// MaxSizeSubjectsListForLog returns the keys in the map as a slice of maximum length
+// maxToDisplay. It is useful for logging domains being managed, for example, since a
+// map is typically needed for quick lookup, but a slice is needed for logging, and this
+// can be quite a doozy since there may be a huge amount (hundreds of thousands).
+func MaxSizeSubjectsListForLog(subjects map[string]struct{}, maxToDisplay int) []string {
+	numberOfNamesToDisplay := min(len(subjects), maxToDisplay)
+	domainsToDisplay := make([]string, 0, numberOfNamesToDisplay)
+	for domain := range subjects {
+		domainsToDisplay = append(domainsToDisplay, domain)
+		if len(domainsToDisplay) >= numberOfNamesToDisplay {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if len(subjects) > maxToDisplay {
+		domainsToDisplay = append(domainsToDisplay, fmt.Sprintf("(and %d more...)", len(subjects)-maxToDisplay))
+	}
+	return domainsToDisplay
+}

internal/ranges.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package internal
+
+// PrivateRangesCIDR returns a list of private CIDR range
+// strings, which can be used as a configuration shortcut.
+func PrivateRangesCIDR() []string {
+	return []string{
+		"192.168.0.0/16",
+		"172.16.0.0/12",
+		"10.0.0.0/8",
+		"127.0.0.1/8",
+		"fd00::/8",
+		"::1",
+	}
+}

listen.go

@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ package caddy
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -26,15 +30,54 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
-func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
+func reuseUnixSocket(_, _ string) (any, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
-	switch network {
+	var socketFile *os.File
-	case "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram":
+
+	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if fd {
+		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		func() {
+			socketFilesMu.Lock()
+			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()
+
+			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
+			var ok bool
+
+			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]
+
+			if !ok {
+				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
+				if socketFile != nil {
+					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if socketFile == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
+		}
+	}
+
+	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if datagram {
 		sharedPc, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
-			pc, err := config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
+			var (
+				pc  net.PacketConn
+				err error
+			)
+			if fd {
+				pc, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
+			} else {
+				pc, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
+			}
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -44,10 +87,18 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return &fakeClosePacketConn{sharedPacketConn: sharedPc.(*sharedPacketConn)}, nil
+	}
 
-	default:
 	sharedLn, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
-			ln, err := config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+		var (
+			ln  net.Listener
+			err error
+		)
+		if fd {
+			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
+		} else {
+			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -58,7 +109,6 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 	}
 	return &fakeCloseListener{sharedListener: sharedLn.(*sharedListener), keepAlivePeriod: config.KeepAlive}, nil
 }
-}
 
 // fakeCloseListener is a private wrapper over a listener that
 // is shared. The state of fakeCloseListener is not shared.
@@ -260,3 +310,9 @@ var (
 		Unwrap() net.PacketConn
 	}) = (*fakeClosePacketConn)(nil)
 )
+
+// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
+var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}
+
+// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
+var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex

listen_unix.go

@@ -22,10 +22,14 @@ package caddy
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"net"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 
@@ -34,12 +38,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 // reuseUnixSocket copies and reuses the unix domain socket (UDS) if we already
-// have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it. No-op if not a unix network.
+// have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it.
+// No-op if not a unix network.
 func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
-	if !IsUnixNetwork(network) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
 	socketKey := listenerKey(network, addr)
 
 	socket, exists := unixSockets[socketKey]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			atomic.AddInt32(unixSocket.count, 1)
-			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), addr, socketKey, unixSocket.count}
+			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), socketKey, unixSocket.count}
 		}
 
 		return unixSockets[socketKey], nil
@@ -89,7 +90,46 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+// listenReusable creates a new listener for the given network and address, and adds it to listenerPool.
 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
+	// even though SO_REUSEPORT lets us bind the socket multiple times,
+	// we still put it in the listenerPool so we can count how many
+	// configs are using this socket; necessary to ensure we can know
+	// whether to enforce shutdown delays, for example (see #5393).
+	var (
+		ln         io.Closer
+		err        error
+		socketFile *os.File
+	)
+
+	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if fd {
+		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		func() {
+			socketFilesMu.Lock()
+			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()
+
+			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
+			var ok bool
+
+			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]
+
+			if !ok {
+				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
+				if socketFile != nil {
+					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if socketFile == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
+		}
+	} else {
 		// wrap any Control function set by the user so we can also add our reusePort control without clobbering theirs
 		oldControl := config.Control
 		config.Control = func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
@@ -100,45 +140,57 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 			}
 			return reusePort(network, address, c)
 		}
+	}
 
-	// even though SO_REUSEPORT lets us bind the socket multiple times,
+	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
-	// we still put it in the listenerPool so we can count how many
+	if datagram {
-	// configs are using this socket; necessary to ensure we can know
+		if fd {
-	// whether to enforce shutdown delays, for example (see #5393).
+			ln, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
-	var ln io.Closer
+		} else {
-	var err error
-	switch network {
-	case "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram":
 			ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
-	default:
+		}
+	} else {
+		if fd {
+			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
+		} else {
 			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
 		}
+	}
+
 	if err == nil {
 		listenerPool.LoadOrStore(lnKey, nil)
 	}
 
+	if datagram {
+		if !fd {
+			// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener, so...
+			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+				one := int32(1)
+				ln = &unixConn{unix, lnKey, &one}
+				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
+			}
+		}
+		// lightly wrap the connection so that when it is closed,
+		// we can decrement the usage pool counter
+		if specificLn, ok := ln.(net.PacketConn); ok {
+			ln = deletePacketConn{specificLn, lnKey}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if !fd {
 			// if new listener is a unix socket, make sure we can reuse it later
 			// (we do our own "unlink on close" -- not required, but more tidy)
-	one := int32(1)
 			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixListener); ok {
 				unix.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
+				one := int32(1)
 				ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, &one}
 				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixListener)
 			}
-
-	// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener in listen_unix.go, so...
-	if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
-		ln = &unixConn{unix, address, lnKey, &one}
-		unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
 		}
-
 		// lightly wrap the listener so that when it is closed,
 		// we can decrement the usage pool counter
-	switch specificLn := ln.(type) {
+		if specificLn, ok := ln.(net.Listener); ok {
-	case net.Listener:
+			ln = deleteListener{specificLn, lnKey}
-		return deleteListener{specificLn, lnKey}, err
+		}
-	case net.PacketConn:
-		return deletePacketConn{specificLn, lnKey}, err
 	}
 
 	// other types, I guess we just return them directly
@@ -170,12 +222,18 @@ type unixListener struct {
 func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
 	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uln.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
+		file, err := uln.File()
+		var name string
+		if err == nil {
+			name = file.Name()
+		}
 		defer func() {
-			addr := uln.Addr().String()
 			unixSocketsMu.Lock()
 			delete(unixSockets, uln.mapKey)
 			unixSocketsMu.Unlock()
-			_ = syscall.Unlink(addr)
+			if err == nil {
+				_ = syscall.Unlink(name)
+			}
 		}()
 	}
 	return uln.UnixListener.Close()
@@ -183,7 +241,6 @@ func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
 
 type unixConn struct {
 	*net.UnixConn
-	filename string
 	mapKey string
 	count  *int32 // accessed atomically
 }
@@ -191,11 +248,18 @@ type unixConn struct {
 func (uc *unixConn) Close() error {
 	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uc.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
+		file, err := uc.File()
+		var name string
+		if err == nil {
+			name = file.Name()
+		}
 		defer func() {
 			unixSocketsMu.Lock()
 			delete(unixSockets, uc.mapKey)
 			unixSocketsMu.Unlock()
-			_ = syscall.Unlink(uc.filename)
+			if err == nil {
+				_ = syscall.Unlink(name)
+			}
 		}()
 	}
 	return uc.UnixConn.Close()
@@ -211,6 +275,12 @@ var unixSockets = make(map[string]interface {
 	File() (*os.File, error)
 })
 
+// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
+var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}
+
+// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
+var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex
+
 // deleteListener is a type that simply deletes itself
 // from the listenerPool when it closes. It is used
 // solely for the purpose of reference counting (i.e.

listeners.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlog"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 
@@ -57,11 +58,9 @@ type NetworkAddress struct {
 	EndPort   uint
 }
 
-// ListenAll calls Listen() for all addresses represented by this struct, i.e. all ports in the range.
+// ListenAll calls Listen for all addresses represented by this struct, i.e. all ports in the range.
 // (If the address doesn't use ports or has 1 port only, then only 1 listener will be created.)
 // It returns an error if any listener failed to bind, and closes any listeners opened up to that point.
-//
-// TODO: Experimental API: subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig) ([]any, error) {
 	var listeners []any
 	var err error
@@ -107,7 +106,8 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig)
 // portOffset to the start port. (For network types that do not use ports, the
 // portOffset is ignored.)
 //
-// The provided ListenConfig is used to create the listener. Its Control function,
+// First Listen checks if a plugin can provide a listener from this address. Otherwise,
+// the provided ListenConfig is used to create the listener. Its Control function,
 // if set, may be wrapped by an internally-used Control function. The provided
 // context may be used to cancel long operations early. The context is not used
 // to close the listener after it has been created.
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig)
 // Unix sockets will be unlinked before being created, to ensure we can bind to
 // it even if the previous program using it exited uncleanly; it will also be
 // unlinked upon a graceful exit (or when a new config does not use that socket).
-//
+// Listen synchronizes binds to unix domain sockets to avoid race conditions
-// TODO: Experimental API: subject to change or removal.
+// while an existing socket is unlinked.
 func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
 		unixSocketsMu.Lock()
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net
 	}
 
 	// check to see if plugin provides listener
-	if ln, err := getListenerFromPlugin(ctx, na.Network, na.JoinHostPort(portOffset), config); ln != nil || err != nil {
+	if ln, err := getListenerFromPlugin(ctx, na.Network, na.Host, na.port(), portOffset, config); ln != nil || err != nil {
 		return ln, err
 	}
 
@@ -153,50 +153,49 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net
 		err          error
 		address      string
 		unixFileMode fs.FileMode
-		isAbstractUnixSocket bool
 	)
 
 	// split unix socket addr early so lnKey
 	// is independent of permissions bits
 	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
-		var err error
 		address, unixFileMode, err = internal.SplitUnixSocketPermissionsBits(na.Host)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		isAbstractUnixSocket = strings.HasPrefix(address, "@")
+	} else if na.IsFdNetwork() {
+		address = na.Host
 	} else {
 		address = na.JoinHostPort(portOffset)
 	}
 
-	// if this is a unix socket, see if we already have it open,
-	// force socket permissions on it and return early
-	if socket, err := reuseUnixSocket(na.Network, address); socket != nil || err != nil {
-		if !isAbstractUnixSocket {
-			if err := os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode); err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set permissions (%s) on %s: %v", unixFileMode, address, err)
-			}
-		}
-		return socket, err
-	}
-
-	lnKey := listenerKey(na.Network, address)
-
 	if strings.HasPrefix(na.Network, "ip") {
 		ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, na.Network, address)
 	} else {
+		if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+			// if this is a unix socket, see if we already have it open
+			ln, err = reuseUnixSocket(na.Network, address)
+		}
+
+		if ln == nil && err == nil {
+			// otherwise, create a new listener
+			lnKey := listenerKey(na.Network, address)
 			ln, err = listenReusable(ctx, lnKey, na.Network, address, config)
 		}
+	}
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	if ln == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported network type: %s", na.Network)
 	}
 
 	if IsUnixNetwork(na.Network) {
+		isAbstractUnixSocket := strings.HasPrefix(address, "@")
 		if !isAbstractUnixSocket {
-			if err := os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode); err != nil {
+			err = os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode)
+			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set permissions (%s) on %s: %v", unixFileMode, address, err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -211,18 +210,22 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) IsUnixNetwork() bool {
 	return IsUnixNetwork(na.Network)
 }
 
+// IsFdNetwork returns true if na.Network is
+// fd or fdgram.
+func (na NetworkAddress) IsFdNetwork() bool {
+	return IsFdNetwork(na.Network)
+}
+
 // JoinHostPort is like net.JoinHostPort, but where the port
 // is StartPort + offset.
 func (na NetworkAddress) JoinHostPort(offset uint) string {
-	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if na.IsUnixNetwork() || na.IsFdNetwork() {
 		return na.Host
 	}
-	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(na.StartPort+offset)))
+	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(na.StartPort+offset), 10))
 }
 
 // Expand returns one NetworkAddress for each port in the port range.
-//
-// This is EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) Expand() []NetworkAddress {
 	size := na.PortRangeSize()
 	addrs := make([]NetworkAddress, size)
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) PortRangeSize() uint {
 }
 
 func (na NetworkAddress) isLoopback() bool {
-	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if na.IsUnixNetwork() || na.IsFdNetwork() {
 		return true
 	}
 	if na.Host == "localhost" {
@@ -297,6 +300,11 @@ func IsUnixNetwork(netw string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "unix")
 }
 
+// IsFdNetwork returns true if the netw is a fd network.
+func IsFdNetwork(netw string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "fd")
+}
+
 // ParseNetworkAddress parses addr into its individual
 // components. The input string is expected to be of
 // the form "network/host:port-range" where any part is
@@ -327,6 +335,12 @@ func ParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(addr, defaultNetwork string, defaultPort ui
 			Host:    host,
 		}, err
 	}
+	if IsFdNetwork(network) {
+		return NetworkAddress{
+			Network: network,
+			Host:    host,
+		}, nil
+	}
 	var start, end uint64
 	if port == "" {
 		start = uint64(defaultPort)
@@ -366,25 +380,28 @@ func SplitNetworkAddress(a string) (network, host, port string, err error) {
 	if slashFound {
 		network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(beforeSlash))
 		a = afterSlash
-	}
+		if IsUnixNetwork(network) || IsFdNetwork(network) {
-	if IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 			host = a
 			return
 		}
-	host, port, err = net.SplitHostPort(a)
-	if err == nil || a == "" {
-		return
 	}
+
+	host, port, err = net.SplitHostPort(a)
+	firstErr := err
+
+	if err != nil {
 		// in general, if there was an error, it was likely "missing port",
-	// so try adding a bogus port to take advantage of standard library's
+		// so try removing square brackets around an IPv6 host, adding a bogus
-	// robust parser, then strip the artificial port before returning
+		// port to take advantage of standard library's robust parser, then
-	// (don't overwrite original error though; might still be relevant)
+		// strip the artificial port.
-	var err2 error
+		host, _, err = net.SplitHostPort(net.JoinHostPort(strings.Trim(a, "[]"), "0"))
-	host, port, err2 = net.SplitHostPort(a + ":0")
-	if err2 == nil {
-		err = nil
 		port = ""
 	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		err = errors.Join(firstErr, err)
+	}
+
 	return
 }
 
@@ -398,7 +415,7 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	if network != "" {
 		a = network + "/"
 	}
-	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) || IsFdNetwork(network) {
 		a += host
 	} else if port != "" {
 		a += net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
@@ -406,9 +423,11 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	return a
 }
 
-// ListenQUIC returns a quic.EarlyListener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
+// ListenQUIC returns a http3.QUICEarlyListener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
-// The network will be transformed into a QUIC-compatible type (if unix, then
+//
-// unixgram will be used; otherwise, udp will be used).
+// The network will be transformed into a QUIC-compatible type if the same address can be used with
+// different networks. Currently this just means that for tcp, udp will be used with the same
+// address instead.
 //
 // NOTE: This API is EXPERIMENTAL and may be changed or removed.
 func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig, tlsConf *tls.Config) (http3.QUICEarlyListener, error) {
@@ -443,7 +462,13 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config
 			Conn:                h3ln,
 			VerifySourceAddress: func(addr net.Addr) bool { return !limiter.Allow() },
 		}
-		earlyLn, err := tr.ListenEarly(http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(quicTlsConfig), &quic.Config{Allow0RTT: true})
+		earlyLn, err := tr.ListenEarly(
+			http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(quicTlsConfig),
+			&quic.Config{
+				Allow0RTT: true,
+				Tracer:    qlog.DefaultConnectionTracer,
+			},
+		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -616,7 +641,8 @@ func RegisterNetwork(network string, getListener ListenerFunc) {
 	if network == "tcp" || network == "tcp4" || network == "tcp6" ||
 		network == "udp" || network == "udp4" || network == "udp6" ||
 		network == "unix" || network == "unixpacket" || network == "unixgram" ||
-		strings.HasPrefix("ip:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip4:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip6:", network) {
+		strings.HasPrefix(network, "ip:") || strings.HasPrefix(network, "ip4:") || strings.HasPrefix(network, "ip6:") ||
+		network == "fd" || network == "fdgram" {
 		panic("network type " + network + " is reserved")
 	}
 
@@ -632,11 +658,11 @@ var unixSocketsMu sync.Mutex
 // getListenerFromPlugin returns a listener on the given network and address
 // if a plugin has registered the network name. It may return (nil, nil) if
 // no plugin can provide a listener.
-func getListenerFromPlugin(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
+func getListenerFromPlugin(ctx context.Context, network, host, port string, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	// get listener from plugin if network type is registered
 	if getListener, ok := networkTypes[network]; ok {
 		Log().Debug("getting listener from plugin", zap.String("network", network))
-		return getListener(ctx, network, addr, config)
+		return getListener(ctx, network, host, port, portOffset, config)
 	}
 
 	return nil, nil
@@ -650,7 +676,7 @@ func listenerKey(network, addr string) string {
 // The listeners must be capable of overlapping: with Caddy, new configs are loaded
 // before old ones are unloaded, so listeners may overlap briefly if the configs
 // both need the same listener. EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change.
-type ListenerFunc func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, cfg net.ListenConfig) (any, error)
+type ListenerFunc func(ctx context.Context, network, host, portRange string, portOffset uint, cfg net.ListenConfig) (any, error)
 
 var networkTypes = map[string]ListenerFunc{}
 

listeners_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestSplitNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			input:     "",
-			expectErr: true,
+			expectHost: "",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "foo",
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestSplitNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			input:     "::",
-			expectErr: true,
+			expectHost: "::",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "[::]",
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func TestSplitNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			input:         "udp/",
 			expectNetwork: "udp",
-			expectErr:     true,
+			expectHost:    "",
 		},
 		{
 			input:         "unix//foo/bar",
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ func TestParseNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			input:     "",
-			expectErr: true,
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:          ":",
@@ -311,7 +312,8 @@ func TestParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			input:     "",
-			expectErr: true,
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			input:          ":",