noot

Merge branch 'caddytest-2' of github.com:elee1766/caddy into caddytest-2
noot
2026-05-26 08:42:31 -04:00 · 2024-06-18 23:48:21 -05:00 · 2024-06-18 23:45:57 -05:00 · 2024-06-18 23:45:54 -05:00 · 2024-06-18 22:48:21 -05:00 · 2024-06-18 22:36:02 -05:00
191 changed files with 3223 additions and 10760 deletions
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all practicall

 ## Supported Versions

-| Version  | Supported |
-| -------- | ----------|
-| 2.latest | ✔️        |
-| 1.x      | :x:       |
-| < 1.x    | :x:       |
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 2.x     | ✔️ |
+| 1.x     | :x:                |
+| < 1.x   | :x:                |


 ## Acceptable Scope
@@ -18,18 +18,22 @@ jobs:
      # Default is true, cancels jobs for other platforms in the matrix if one fails
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        os:
+        os: 
          - linux
          - mac
          - windows
-        go:
-          - '1.24'
+        go: 
+          - '1.21'
+          - '1.22'

        include:
        # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
        # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.24'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.24.1'
+        - go: '1.21'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.21.0'
+
+        - go: '1.22'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'

        # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
        # OS_LABEL: the VM label from GitHub Actions (see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners#standard-github-hosted-runners-for-public-repositories)
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
      env:
        CGO_ENABLED: 0
      run: |
-        go build -tags nobadger -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
+        go build -tags nobdger -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v

    - name: Smoke test Caddy
      working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
@@ -139,48 +143,25 @@ jobs:
  s390x-test:
    name: test (s390x on IBM Z)
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
    continue-on-error: true  # August 2020: s390x VM is down due to weather and power issues
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Run Tests
        run: |
-          set +e
          mkdir -p ~/.ssh && echo -e "${SSH_KEY//_/\\n}" > ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa && chmod og-rwx ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa

          # short sha is enough?
          short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)

-          # To shorten the following lines
-          ssh_opts="-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
-          ssh_host="$CI_USER@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com"
-
          # The environment is fresh, so there's no point in keeping accepting and adding the key.
-          rsync -arz -e "ssh $ssh_opts" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$ssh_host":/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
-          ssh $ssh_opts -t "$ssh_host" bash <<EOF
-          cd /var/tmp/$short_sha
-          go version
-          go env
-          printf "\n\n"
-          retries=3
-          exit_code=0
-          while ((retries > 0)); do
-            CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -p 1 -tags nobadger -v ./...
-            exit_code=$?
-            if ((exit_code == 0)); then
-              break
-            fi
-            echo "\n\nTest failed: \$exit_code, retrying..."
-            ((retries--))
-          done
-          echo "Remote exit code: \$exit_code"
-          exit \$exit_code
-          EOF
+          rsync -arz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
+          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -t "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "cd /var/tmp/$short_sha; go version; go env; printf "\n\n";CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -tags nobadger -v ./..."
          test_result=$?

          # There's no need leaving the files around
-          ssh $ssh_opts "$ssh_host" "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
+          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"

          echo "Test exit code: $test_result"
          exit $test_result
@@ -190,7 +171,6 @@ jobs:

  goreleaser-check:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -199,18 +179,3 @@ jobs:
        with:
          version: latest
          args: check
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: "~1.24"
-          check-latest: true
-      - name: Install xcaddy
-        run: |
-          go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
-          xcaddy version
-      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
-        with:
-          version: latest
-          args: build --single-target --snapshot
-        env:
-          TAG: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        goos:
+        goos: 
          - 'aix'
          - 'linux'
          - 'solaris'
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ jobs:
          - 'windows'
          - 'darwin'
          - 'netbsd'
-        go:
-          - '1.24'
+        go: 
+          - '1.22'

        include:
        # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
        # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.24'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.24.1'
+        - go: '1.22'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    continue-on-error: true
@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ jobs:
        continue-on-error: true
        working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
        run: |
-          GOOS=$GOOS GOARCH=$GOARCH go build -tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-$GOARCH 2> /dev/null
+          GOOS=$GOOS GOARCH=$GOARCH go build -tags nobadger -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-$GOARCH 2> /dev/null
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: '~1.24'
+          go-version: '~1.22.3'
          check-latest: true

      - name: golangci-lint
        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
        with:
-          version: latest
+          version: v1.55

          # Windows times out frequently after about 5m50s if we don't set a longer timeout.
          args: --timeout 10m
@@ -63,5 +63,5 @@ jobs:
      - name: govulncheck
        uses: golang/govulncheck-action@v1
        with:
-          go-version-input: '~1.24.1'
+          go-version-input: '~1.22.3'
          check-latest: true
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ jobs:
        os: 
          - ubuntu-latest
        go: 
-          - '1.24'
+          - '1.22'

        include:
        # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
        # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.24'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.24.1'
+        - go: '1.22'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'

    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    # https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/1258#issuecomment-1002251233
@@ -104,10 +104,6 @@ jobs:
      uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@main
    - name: Syft version
      run: syft version
-    - name: Install xcaddy
-      run: |
-        go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
-        xcaddy version
    # GoReleaser will take care of publishing those artifacts into the release
    - name: Run GoReleaser
      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 linters-settings:
  errcheck:
-    exclude-functions:
-      - fmt.*
-      - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddObject
-      - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddArray
+    ignore: fmt:.*,go.uber.org/zap/zapcore:^Add.*
+    ignoretests: true
  gci:
    sections:
      - standard # Standard section: captures all standard packages.
@@ -35,6 +33,7 @@ linters:
    - errcheck
    - errname
    - exhaustive
+    - exportloopref
    - gci
    - gofmt
    - goimports
@@ -131,22 +130,18 @@ linters:
 run:
  # default concurrency is a available CPU number.
  # concurrency: 4 # explicitly omit this value to fully utilize available resources.
-  timeout: 5m
+  deadline: 5m
  issues-exit-code: 1
  tests: false

 # output configuration options
 output:
-  formats:
-    - format: 'colored-line-number'
+  format: 'colored-line-number'
  print-issued-lines: true
  print-linter-name: true

 issues:
  exclude-rules:
-    - text: 'G115' # TODO: Either we should fix the issues or nuke the linter if it's bad
-      linters:
-        - gosec
    # we aren't calling unknown URL
    - text: 'G107' # G107: Url provided to HTTP request as taint input
      linters:
@@ -171,12 +166,3 @@ issues:
    - path: modules/logging/filters.go
      linters:
        - dupl
-    - path: modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go
-      linters:
-        - dupl
-    - path: modules/caddyhttp/vars.go
-      linters:
-        - dupl
-    - path: _test\.go
-      linters:
-        - errcheck
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ before:
    - mkdir -p caddy-build
    - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
    - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
-    # prepare syso files for windows embedding
-    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
-    - /bin/sh -c 'mv /tmp/buildenv_*/*.syso caddy-build'
    # GoReleaser doesn't seem to offer {{.Tag}} at this stage, so we have to embed it into the env
    # so we run: TAG=$(git describe --abbrev=0) goreleaser release --rm-dist --skip-publish --skip-validate
    - go mod edit -require=github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@{{.Env.TAG}} ./caddy-build/go.mod
@@ -34,6 +31,7 @@ builds:
 - env:
  - CGO_ENABLED=0
  - GO111MODULE=on
+  main: main.go
  dir: ./caddy-build
  binary: caddy
  goos:
@@ -83,8 +81,6 @@ builds:
  - -s -w
  tags:
  - nobadger
-  - nomysql
-  - nopgx

 signs:
  - cmd: cosign
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ archives:
  - id: default
    format_overrides:
      - goos: windows
-        formats: zip
+        format: zip
    name_template: >-
      {{ .ProjectName }}_
      {{- .Version }}_
@@ -192,9 +188,6 @@ nfpms:
      preremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/preremove.sh
      postremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/postremove.sh

-    provides:
-      - httpd
-
 release:
  github:
    owner: caddyserver
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg"></a>
 	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
 	<br>
-	<a href="https://x.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/caddyserver" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
+	<a href="https://twitter.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@caddyserver-55acee.svg" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
 	<a href="https://caddy.community" title="Caddy Forum"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community-forum-ff69b4.svg" alt="Caddy Forum"></a>
 	<br>
 	<a href="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy?badge" title="Caddy on Sourcegraph"><img src="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/-/badge.svg" alt="Caddy on Sourcegraph"></a>
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 	- Fully-managed local CA for internal names & IPs
 	- Can coordinate with other Caddy instances in a cluster
 	- Multi-issuer fallback
-	- Encrypted ClientHello (ECH) support
 - **Stays up when other servers go down** due to TLS/OCSP/certificate-related issues
 - **Production-ready** after serving trillions of requests and managing millions of TLS certificates
 - **Scales to hundreds of thousands of sites** as proven in production
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ See [our online documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install) for other i

 Requirements:

- [Go 1.24.0 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.21 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)

 ### For development

@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ $ xcaddy build
 4. Initialize a Go module: `go mod init caddy`
 5. (Optional) Pin Caddy version: `go get github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@version` replacing `version` with a git tag, commit, or branch name.
 6. (Optional) Add plugins by adding their import: `_ "import/path/here"`
-7. Compile: `go build -tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx`
+7. Compile: `go build`



@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ The docs are also open source. You can contribute to them here: https://github.c

 ## Getting help

- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com) before help is needed.
+- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com/my/contact-us?dd=caddy) before help is needed.

 - A [sponsorship](https://github.com/sponsors/mholt) goes a long way! We can offer private help to sponsors. If Caddy is benefitting your company, please consider a sponsorship. This not only helps fund full-time work to ensure the longevity of the project, it provides your company the resources, support, and discounts you need; along with being a great look for your company to your customers and potential customers!

@@ -193,8 +192,8 @@ Matthew Holt began developing Caddy in 2014 while studying computer science at B

 **The name "Caddy" is trademarked.** The name of the software is "Caddy", not "Caddy Server" or "CaddyServer". Please call it "Caddy" or, if you wish to clarify, "the Caddy web server". Caddy is a registered trademark of Stack Holdings GmbH.

- _Project on X: [@caddyserver](https://x.com/caddyserver)_
- _Author on X: [@mholt6](https://x.com/mholt6)_
+- _Project on Twitter: [@caddyserver](https://twitter.com/caddyserver)_
+- _Author on Twitter: [@mholt6](https://twitter.com/mholt6)_

 Caddy is a project of [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com), a Stack Holdings company.

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ type AdminPermissions struct {

 // newAdminHandler reads admin's config and returns an http.Handler suitable
 // for use in an admin endpoint server, which will be listening on listenAddr.
-func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Context) adminHandler {
+func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool) adminHandler {
 	muxWrap := adminHandler{mux: http.NewServeMux()}

 	// secure the local or remote endpoint respectively
@@ -270,6 +269,7 @@ func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Co
 	// register third-party module endpoints
 	for _, m := range GetModules("admin.api") {
 		router := m.New().(AdminRouter)
+		handlerLabel := m.ID.Name()
 		for _, route := range router.Routes() {
 			addRoute(route.Pattern, handlerLabel, route.Handler)
 		}
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 	}
 	if admin.Origins == nil {
 		if addr.isLoopback() {
-			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() || addr.IsFdNetwork() {
+			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 				// RFC 2616, Section 14.26:
 				// "A client MUST include a Host header field in all HTTP/1.1 request
 				// messages. If the requested URI does not include an Internet host
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
 			}
 		}
-		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork() {
+		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 			uniqueOrigins[addr.JoinHostPort(0)] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
@@ -381,9 +381,7 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 // for the admin endpoint exists in cfg, a default one is used, so
 // that there is always an admin server (unless it is explicitly
 // configured to be disabled).
-// Critically note that some elements and functionality of the context
-// may not be ready, e.g. storage. Tread carefully.
-func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
+func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config) error {
 	// always* be sure to close down the old admin endpoint
 	// as gracefully as possible, even if the new one is
 	// disabled -- careful to use reference to the current
@@ -425,7 +423,7 @@ func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, ctx)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false)

 	ln, err := addr.Listen(context.TODO(), 0, net.ListenConfig{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -546,7 +544,7 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {

 	// make the HTTP handler but disable Host/Origin enforcement
 	// because we are using TLS authentication instead
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true, ctx)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true)

 	// create client certificate pool for TLS mutual auth, and extract public keys
 	// so that we can enforce access controls at the application layer
@@ -677,7 +675,13 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 					// key recognized; make sure its HTTP request is permitted
 					for _, accessPerm := range adminAccess.Permissions {
 						// verify method
-						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil || slices.Contains(accessPerm.Methods, r.Method)
+						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil
+						for _, method := range accessPerm.Methods {
+							if method == r.Method {
+								methodFound = true
+								break
+							}
+						}
 						if !methodFound {
 							return APIError{
 								HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -873,9 +877,13 @@ func (h adminHandler) handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err er
 // a trustworthy/expected value. This helps to mitigate DNS
 // rebinding attacks.
 func (h adminHandler) checkHost(r *http.Request) error {
-	allowed := slices.ContainsFunc(h.allowedOrigins, func(u *url.URL) bool {
-		return r.Host == u.Host
-	})
+	var allowed bool
+	for _, allowedOrigin := range h.allowedOrigins {
+		if r.Host == allowedOrigin.Host {
+			allowed = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
 	if !allowed {
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -1139,7 +1147,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
 							path, idxStr, err)
 					}
-					if idx < 0 || (method != http.MethodPut && idx >= len(arr)) || idx > len(arr) {
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(arr) {
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] array index out of bounds: %s", path, idxStr)
 					}
 				}
@@ -15,19 +15,12 @@
 package caddy

 import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
 )

 var testCfg = []byte(`{
@@ -210,730 +203,3 @@ func BenchmarkLoad(b *testing.B) {
 		Load(testCfg, true)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestAdminHandlerErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
-	initAdminMetrics()
-
-	handler := adminHandler{
-		mux: http.NewServeMux(),
-	}
-
-	handler.mux.Handle("/error", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("test error")
-		handler.handleError(w, r, err)
-	}))
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/error", nil)
-	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-	if rr.Code == http.StatusOK {
-		t.Error("expected error response, got success")
-	}
-
-	var apiErr APIError
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&apiErr); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("decoding response: %v", err)
-	}
-	if apiErr.Message != "test error" {
-		t.Errorf("expected error message 'test error', got '%s'", apiErr.Message)
-	}
-}
-
-func initAdminMetrics() {
-	if adminMetrics.requestErrors != nil {
-		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
-	}
-	if adminMetrics.requestCount != nil {
-		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
-	}
-
-	adminMetrics.requestErrors = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
-		Namespace: "caddy",
-		Subsystem: "admin_http",
-		Name:      "request_errors_total",
-		Help:      "Number of errors that occurred handling admin endpoint requests",
-	}, []string{"handler", "path", "method"})
-
-	adminMetrics.requestCount = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
-		Namespace: "caddy",
-		Subsystem: "admin_http",
-		Name:      "requests_total",
-		Help:      "Count of requests to the admin endpoint",
-	}, []string{"handler", "path", "code", "method"}) // Added code and method labels
-
-	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
-	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
-}
-
-func TestAdminHandlerBuiltinRouteErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	initAdminMetrics()
-
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Admin: &AdminConfig{
-			Listen: "localhost:2019",
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg, Context{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("setting up admin server: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		stopAdminServer(localAdminServer)
-	}()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		path           string
-		method         string
-		expectedStatus int
-	}{
-		{
-			name:           "stop endpoint wrong method",
-			path:           "/stop",
-			method:         http.MethodGet,
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "config endpoint wrong content-type",
-			path:           "/config/",
-			method:         http.MethodPost,
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "config ID missing ID",
-			path:           "/id/",
-			method:         http.MethodGet,
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			req := httptest.NewRequest(test.method, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:2019%s", test.path), nil)
-			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-			localAdminServer.Handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-			if rr.Code != test.expectedStatus {
-				t.Errorf("expected status %d but got %d", test.expectedStatus, rr.Code)
-			}
-
-			metricValue := testGetMetricValue(map[string]string{
-				"path":    test.path,
-				"handler": "admin",
-				"method":  test.method,
-			})
-			if metricValue != 1 {
-				t.Errorf("expected error metric to be incremented once, got %v", metricValue)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func testGetMetricValue(labels map[string]string) float64 {
-	promLabels := prometheus.Labels{}
-	for k, v := range labels {
-		promLabels[k] = v
-	}
-
-	metric, err := adminMetrics.requestErrors.GetMetricWith(promLabels)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	pb := &dto.Metric{}
-	metric.Write(pb)
-	return pb.GetCounter().GetValue()
-}
-
-type mockRouter struct {
-	routes []AdminRoute
-}
-
-func (m mockRouter) Routes() []AdminRoute {
-	return m.routes
-}
-
-type mockModule struct {
-	mockRouter
-}
-
-func (m *mockModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
-	return ModuleInfo{
-		ID: "admin.api.mock",
-		New: func() Module {
-			mm := &mockModule{
-				mockRouter: mockRouter{
-					routes: m.routes,
-				},
-			}
-			return mm
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNewAdminHandlerRouterRegistration(t *testing.T) {
-	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
-	for k, v := range modules {
-		originalModules[k] = v
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		modules = originalModules
-	}()
-
-	mockRoute := AdminRoute{
-		Pattern: "/mock",
-		Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			return nil
-		}),
-	}
-
-	mock := &mockModule{
-		mockRouter: mockRouter{
-			routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
-		},
-	}
-	RegisterModule(mock)
-
-	addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	admin := &AdminConfig{
-		EnforceOrigin: false,
-	}
-	handler := admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/mock", nil)
-	req.Host = "localhost:2019"
-	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Errorf("Expected status code %d but got %d", http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
-		t.Logf("Response body: %s", rr.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if len(admin.routers) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected 1 router to be stored, got %d", len(admin.routers))
-	}
-}
-
-type mockProvisionableRouter struct {
-	mockRouter
-	provisionErr error
-	provisioned  bool
-}
-
-func (m *mockProvisionableRouter) Provision(Context) error {
-	m.provisioned = true
-	return m.provisionErr
-}
-
-type mockProvisionableModule struct {
-	*mockProvisionableRouter
-}
-
-func (m *mockProvisionableModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
-	return ModuleInfo{
-		ID: "admin.api.mock_provision",
-		New: func() Module {
-			mm := &mockProvisionableModule{
-				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
-					mockRouter:   m.mockRouter,
-					provisionErr: m.provisionErr,
-				},
-			}
-			return mm
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		provisionErr error
-		wantErr      bool
-		routersAfter int // expected number of routers after provisioning
-	}{
-		{
-			name:         "successful provisioning",
-			provisionErr: nil,
-			wantErr:      false,
-			routersAfter: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name:         "provisioning error",
-			provisionErr: fmt.Errorf("provision failed"),
-			wantErr:      true,
-			routersAfter: 1,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
-			for k, v := range modules {
-				originalModules[k] = v
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				modules = originalModules
-			}()
-
-			mockRoute := AdminRoute{
-				Pattern: "/mock",
-				Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
-					return nil
-				}),
-			}
-
-			// Create provisionable module
-			mock := &mockProvisionableModule{
-				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
-					mockRouter: mockRouter{
-						routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
-					},
-					provisionErr: test.provisionErr,
-				},
-			}
-			RegisterModule(mock)
-
-			admin := &AdminConfig{}
-			addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			_ = admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
-			err = admin.provisionAdminRouters(Context{})
-
-			if test.wantErr {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
-				}
-			} else {
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if len(admin.routers) != test.routersAfter {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %d routers after provisioning, got %d", test.routersAfter, len(admin.routers))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAllowedOriginsUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		addr          NetworkAddress
-		origins       []string
-		expectOrigins []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "unix socket with default origins",
-			addr: NetworkAddress{
-				Network: "unix",
-				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
-			},
-			origins: nil, // default origins
-			expectOrigins: []string{
-				"", // empty host as per RFC 2616
-				"127.0.0.1",
-				"::1",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "unix socket with custom origins",
-			addr: NetworkAddress{
-				Network: "unix",
-				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
-			},
-			origins: []string{"example.com"},
-			expectOrigins: []string{
-				"example.com",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "tcp socket on localhost gets all loopback addresses",
-			addr: NetworkAddress{
-				Network:   "tcp",
-				Host:      "localhost",
-				StartPort: 2019,
-				EndPort:   2019,
-			},
-			origins: nil,
-			expectOrigins: []string{
-				"localhost:2019",
-				"[::1]:2019",
-				"127.0.0.1:2019",
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			admin := AdminConfig{
-				Origins: test.origins,
-			}
-
-			got := admin.allowedOrigins(test.addr)
-
-			var gotOrigins []string
-			for _, u := range got {
-				gotOrigins = append(gotOrigins, u.Host)
-			}
-
-			if len(gotOrigins) != len(test.expectOrigins) {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %d origins but got %d", len(test.expectOrigins), len(gotOrigins))
-				return
-			}
-
-			expectMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-			for _, origin := range test.expectOrigins {
-				expectMap[origin] = struct{}{}
-			}
-
-			gotMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-			for _, origin := range gotOrigins {
-				gotMap[origin] = struct{}{}
-			}
-
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(expectMap, gotMap) {
-				t.Errorf("Origins mismatch.\nExpected: %v\nGot: %v", test.expectOrigins, gotOrigins)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestReplaceRemoteAdminServer(t *testing.T) {
-	const testCert = `MIIDCTCCAfGgAwIBAgIUXsqJ1mY8pKlHQtI3HJ23x2eZPqwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
-BQAwFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MB4XDTIzMDEwMTAwMDAwMFoXDTI0MDEw
-MTAwMDAwMFowFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEF
-AAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA4O4S6BSoYcoxvRqI+h7yPOjF6KjntjzVVm9M+uHK4lzX
-F1L3pSxJ2nDD4wZEV3FJ5yFOHVFqkG2vXG3BIczOlYG7UeNmKbQnKc5kZj3HGUrS
-VGEktA4OJbeZhhWP15gcXN5eDM2eH3g9BFXVX6AURxLiUXzhNBUEZuj/OEyH9yEF
-/qPCE+EjzVvWxvBXwgz/io4r4yok/Vq/bxJ6FlV6R7DX5oJSXyO0VEHZPi9DIyNU
-kK3F/r4U1sWiJGWOs8i3YQWZ2ejh1C0aLFZpPcCGGgMNpoF31gyYP6ZuPDUyCXsE
-g36UUw1JHNtIXYcLhnXuqj4A8TybTDpgXLqvwA9DBQIDAQABo1MwUTAdBgNVHQ4E
-FgQUc13z30pFC63rr/HGKOE7E82vjXwwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUc13z30pFC63rr/HG
-KOE7E82vjXwwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAHO3j
-oeiUXXJ7xD4P8Wj5t9d+E8lE1Xv1Dk3Z+EdG5+dan+RcToE42JJp9zB7FIh5Qz8g
-W77LAjqh5oyqz3A2VJcyVgfE3uJP1R1mJM7JfGHf84QH4TZF2Q1RZY4SZs0VQ6+q
-5wSlIZ4NXDy4Q4XkIJBGS61wT8IzYFXYBpx4PCP1Qj0PIE4sevEGwjsBIgxK307o
-BxF8AWe6N6e4YZmQLGjQ+SeH0iwZb6vpkHyAY8Kj2hvK+cq2P7vU3VGi0t3r1F8L
-IvrXHCvO2BMNJ/1UK1M4YNX8LYJqQhg9hEsIROe1OE/m3VhxIYMJI+qZXk9yHfgJ
-vq+SH04xKhtFudVBAQ==`
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		cfg     *Config
-		wantErr bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:    "nil config",
-			cfg:     nil,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nil admin config",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: nil,
-			},
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nil remote config",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
-			},
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "invalid listen address",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{
-					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
-						Listen: "invalid:address",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "valid config",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{
-					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
-					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
-						Listen: "localhost:2021",
-						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
-							{
-								PublicKeys:  []string{testCert},
-								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "invalid certificate",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{
-					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
-					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
-						Listen: "localhost:2021",
-						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
-							{
-								PublicKeys:  []string{"invalid-cert-data"},
-								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ctx := Context{
-				Context: context.Background(),
-				cfg:     test.cfg,
-			}
-
-			if test.cfg != nil {
-				test.cfg.storage = &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
-			}
-
-			if test.cfg != nil && test.cfg.Admin != nil && test.cfg.Admin.Identity != nil {
-				identityCertCache = certmagic.NewCache(certmagic.CacheOptions{
-					GetConfigForCert: func(certmagic.Certificate) (*certmagic.Config, error) {
-						return &certmagic.Config{}, nil
-					},
-				})
-			}
-
-			err := replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx, test.cfg)
-
-			if test.wantErr {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
-				}
-			} else {
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Clean up
-			if remoteAdminServer != nil {
-				_ = stopAdminServer(remoteAdminServer)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-type mockIssuer struct {
-	configSet *certmagic.Config
-}
-
-func (m *mockIssuer) Issue(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*certmagic.IssuedCertificate, error) {
-	return &certmagic.IssuedCertificate{
-		Certificate: []byte(csr.Raw),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *mockIssuer) SetConfig(cfg *certmagic.Config) {
-	m.configSet = cfg
-}
-
-func (m *mockIssuer) IssuerKey() string {
-	return "mock"
-}
-
-type mockIssuerModule struct {
-	*mockIssuer
-}
-
-func (m *mockIssuerModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
-	return ModuleInfo{
-		ID: "tls.issuance.acme",
-		New: func() Module {
-			return &mockIssuerModule{mockIssuer: new(mockIssuer)}
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func TestManageIdentity(t *testing.T) {
-	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
-	for k, v := range modules {
-		originalModules[k] = v
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		modules = originalModules
-	}()
-
-	RegisterModule(&mockIssuerModule{})
-
-	certPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDujCCAqKgAwIBAgIIE31FZVaPXTUwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwSTELMAkGA1UE
-BhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdvb2dsZSBJbmMxJTAjBgNVBAMTHEdvb2dsZSBJbnRl
-cm5ldCBBdXRob3JpdHkgRzIwHhcNMTQwMTI5MTMyNzQzWhcNMTQwNTI5MDAwMDAw
-WjBpMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECAwKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBwwN
-TW91bnRhaW4gVmlldzETMBEGA1UECgwKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPbWFp
-bC5nb29nbGUuY29tMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE3lcub2pUwkjC
-5GJQA2ZZfJJi6d1QHhEmkX9VxKYGp6gagZuRqJWy9TXP6++1ZzQQxqZLD0TkuxZ9
-8i9Nz00000CCBjCCAQQwHQYDVR0lBBYwFAYIKwYBBQUHAwEGCCsGAQUFBwMCMGgG
-CCsGAQUFBwEBBFwwWjArBggrBgEFBQcwAoYfaHR0cDovL3BraS5nb29nbGUuY29t
-L0dJQUcyLmNydDArBggrBgEFBQcwAYYfaHR0cDovL2NsaWVudHMxLmdvb2dsZS5j
-b20vb2NzcDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUiJxtimAuTfwb+aUtBn5UYKreKvMwDAYDVR0TAQH/
-BAIwADAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBRK3QYWG7z2aLV29YG2u2IaulqBLzAXBgNVHREEEDAO
-ggxtYWlsLmdvb2dsZTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAMP6IWgNGZE8wP9TjFjSZ
-3mmW3A1eIr0CuPwNZ2LJ5ZD1i70ojzcj4I9IdP5yPg9CAEV4hNASbM1LzfC7GmJE
-tPzW5tRmpKVWZGRgTgZI8Hp/xZXMwLh9ZmXV4kESFAGj5G5FNvJyUV7R5Eh+7OZX
-7G4jJ4ZGJh+5jzN9HdJJHQHGYNIYOzC7+HH9UMwCjX9vhQ4RjwFZJThS2Yb+y7pb
-9yxTJZoXC6J0H5JpnZb7kZEJ+Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-----END CERTIFICATE-----`)
-
-	keyPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDRS0LmTwUT0iwP
-...
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----`)
-
-	testStorage := certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
-	err := testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.crt", certPEM)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	err = testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.key", keyPEM)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name       string
-		cfg        *Config
-		wantErr    bool
-		checkState func(*testing.T, *Config)
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "nil config",
-			cfg:  nil,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nil admin config",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: nil,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nil identity config",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "default issuer when none specified",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{
-					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
-						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
-					},
-				},
-				storage: &testStorage,
-			},
-			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
-				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) == 0 {
-					t.Error("Expected at least 1 issuer to be configured")
-					return
-				}
-				if _, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule); !ok {
-					t.Error("Expected mock issuer to be configured")
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "custom issuer",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{
-					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
-						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
-						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
-							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "acme"}`),
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				storage: &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: "testdata"},
-			},
-			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
-				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) != 1 {
-					t.Fatalf("Expected 1 issuer, got %d", len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers))
-				}
-				mockIss, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule)
-				if !ok {
-					t.Fatal("Expected mock issuer")
-				}
-				if mockIss.configSet == nil {
-					t.Error("Issuer config was not set")
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "invalid issuer module",
-			cfg: &Config{
-				Admin: &AdminConfig{
-					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
-						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
-						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
-							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "doesnt_exist"}`),
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if identityCertCache != nil {
-				// Reset the cert cache before each test
-				identityCertCache.Stop()
-				identityCertCache = nil
-			}
-
-			ctx := Context{
-				Context:         context.Background(),
-				cfg:             test.cfg,
-				moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module),
-			}
-
-			err := manageIdentity(ctx, test.cfg)
-
-			if test.wantErr {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if test.checkState != nil {
-				test.checkState(t, test.cfg)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
@@ -399,7 +400,6 @@ func unsyncedDecodeAndRun(cfgJSON []byte, allowPersist bool) error {
 func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 	ctx, err := provisionContext(newCfg, start)
 	if err != nil {
-		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 		return ctx, err
 	}

@@ -411,7 +411,6 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 	// some of the other apps at runtime
 	err = ctx.cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 		return ctx, err
 	}

@@ -437,11 +436,9 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		return nil
 	}()
 	if err != nil {
-		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 		return ctx, err
 	}
-	globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(1)
-	globalMetrics.configSuccessTime.SetToCurrentTime()
+
 	// now that the user's config is running, finish setting up anything else,
 	// such as remote admin endpoint, config loader, etc.
 	return ctx, finishSettingUp(ctx, ctx.cfg)
@@ -475,7 +472,6 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)
 	ctx, cancel := NewContext(Context{Context: context.Background(), cfg: newCfg})
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
-			globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 			// if there were any errors during startup,
 			// we should cancel the new context we created
 			// since the associated config won't be used;
@@ -502,7 +498,7 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)

 	// start the admin endpoint (and stop any prior one)
 	if replaceAdminServer {
-		err = replaceLocalAdminServer(newCfg, ctx)
+		err = replaceLocalAdminServer(newCfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ctx, fmt.Errorf("starting caddy administration endpoint: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -725,10 +721,8 @@ func Validate(cfg *Config) error {
 // Errors are logged along the way, and an appropriate exit
 // code is emitted.
 func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
-	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting; only do it once
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(exiting, 0, 1) {
-		return
-	}
+	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting
+	atomic.StoreInt32(exiting, 1)

 	// give the OS or service/process manager our 2 weeks' notice: we quit
 	if err := notify.Stopping(); err != nil {
@@ -785,7 +779,10 @@ func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
 			} else {
 				logger.Error("unclean shutdown")
 			}
-			os.Exit(exitCode)
+			// check if we are in test environment, and dont call exit if we are
+			if flag.Lookup("test.v") == nil && !strings.Contains(os.Args[0], ".test") {
+				os.Exit(exitCode)
+			}
 		}()

 		if remoteAdminServer != nil {
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) EOFErr() error {

 // Err generates a custom parse-time error with a message of msg.
 func (d *Dispenser) Err(msg string) error {
-	return d.WrapErr(errors.New(msg))
+	return d.Errf(msg)
 }

 // Errf is like Err, but for formatted error messages
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package caddyfile

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"slices"
 )

 type adjacency map[string][]string
@@ -92,7 +91,12 @@ func (i *importGraph) areConnected(from, to string) bool {
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
-	return slices.Contains(al, to)
+	for _, v := range al {
+		if v == to {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }

 func (i *importGraph) willCycle(from, to string) bool {
@@ -264,13 +264,8 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 				return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot contain a comma ',': '%s' - put a space after the comma to separate site addresses", value)
 			}

-			// After the above, a comma surrounded by spaces would result
-			// in an empty token which we should ignore
-			if value != "" {
-				// Add the token as a site address
-				token.Text = value
-				p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, token)
-			}
+			token.Text = value
+			p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, token)
 		}

 		// Advance token and possibly break out of loop or return error
@@ -423,7 +418,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 		// make path relative to the file of the _token_ being processed rather
 		// than current working directory (issue #867) and then use glob to get
 		// list of matching filenames
-		absFile, err := caddy.FastAbs(p.Dispenser.File())
+		absFile, err := filepath.Abs(p.Dispenser.File())
 		if err != nil {
 			return p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", p.Dispenser.File(), err)
 		}
@@ -622,7 +617,7 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {

 	// Tack the file path onto these tokens so errors show the imported file's name
 	// (we use full, absolute path to avoid bugs: issue #1892)
-	filename, err := caddy.FastAbs(importFile)
+	filename, err := filepath.Abs(importFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}
@@ -555,10 +555,6 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 			{"localhost:1234", "http://host2"},
 		}},

-		{`foo.example.com   ,   example.com`, false, [][]string{
-			{"foo.example.com", "example.com"},
-		}},
-
 		{`localhost:1234, http://host2,`, true, [][]string{}},

 		{`http://host1.com, http://host2.com {
@@ -618,8 +614,8 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		for j, block := range blocks {
 			if len(block.Keys) != len(test.keys[j]) {
-				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d: %v",
-					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys), block.Keys)
+				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d",
+					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys))
 				continue
 			}
 			for k, addr := range block.GetKeysText() {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )

-// mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
+// mapAddressToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
 // blocks that will be served on that address. To do this, each server block is
 // expanded so that each one is considered individually, although keys of a
 // server block that share the same address stay grouped together so the config
@@ -77,15 +77,10 @@ import (
 // repetition may be undesirable, so call consolidateAddrMappings() to map
 // multiple addresses to the same lists of server blocks (a many:many mapping).
 // (Doing this is essentially a map-reduce technique.)
-func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
+func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
 	options map[string]any,
-) (map[string]map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
-	addrToProtocolToServerBlocks := map[string]map[string][]serverBlock{}
-
-	type keyWithParsedKey struct {
-		key       caddyfile.Token
-		parsedKey Address
-	}
+) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
+	sbmap := make(map[string][]serverBlock)

 	for i, sblock := range originalServerBlocks {
 		// within a server block, we need to map all the listener addresses
@@ -93,48 +88,27 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []
 		// will be served by them; this has the effect of treating each
 		// key of a server block as its own, but without having to repeat its
 		// contents in cases where multiple keys really can be served together
-		addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := map[string]map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
+		addrToKeys := make(map[string][]caddyfile.Token)
 		for j, key := range sblock.block.Keys {
-			parsedKey, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
-			}
-			parsedKey = parsedKey.Normalize()
-
 			// a key can have multiple listener addresses if there are multiple
 			// arguments to the 'bind' directive (although they will all have
 			// the same port, since the port is defined by the key or is implicit
 			// through automatic HTTPS)
-			listeners, err := st.listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock, parsedKey, options)
+			addrs, err := st.listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock, key.Text, options)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key.Text, err)
 			}

-			// associate this key with its protocols and each listener address served with them
-			kwpk := keyWithParsedKey{key, parsedKey}
-			for addr, protocols := range listeners {
-				protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys, ok := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
-				if !ok {
-					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys = map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
-					addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr] = protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys
-				}
-
-				// an empty protocol indicates the default, a nil or empty value in the ListenProtocols array
-				if len(protocols) == 0 {
-					protocols[""] = struct{}{}
-				}
-				for prot := range protocols {
-					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot] = append(
-						protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot],
-						kwpk)
-				}
+			// associate this key with each listener address it is served on
+			for _, addr := range addrs {
+				addrToKeys[addr] = append(addrToKeys[addr], key)
 			}
 		}

 		// make a slice of the map keys so we can iterate in sorted order
-		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
-		for addr := range addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
-			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
+		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToKeys))
+		for k := range addrToKeys {
+			addrs = append(addrs, k)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(addrs)

@@ -144,132 +118,85 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []
 		// server block are only the ones which use the address; but
 		// the contents (tokens) are of course the same
 		for _, addr := range addrs {
-			protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
-
-			prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
-			for prot := range protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
-				prots = append(prots, prot)
-			}
-			sort.Strings(prots)
-
-			protocolToServerBlocks, ok := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
-			if !ok {
-				protocolToServerBlocks = map[string][]serverBlock{}
-				addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr] = protocolToServerBlocks
-			}
-
-			for _, prot := range prots {
-				keyWithParsedKeys := protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot]
-
-				keys := make([]caddyfile.Token, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
-				parsedKeys := make([]Address, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
-
-				for k, keyWithParsedKey := range keyWithParsedKeys {
-					keys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.key
-					parsedKeys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.parsedKey
+			keys := addrToKeys[addr]
+			// parse keys so that we only have to do it once
+			parsedKeys := make([]Address, 0, len(keys))
+			for _, key := range keys {
+				addr, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key '%s': %v", key.Text, err)
 				}
-
-				protocolToServerBlocks[prot] = append(protocolToServerBlocks[prot], serverBlock{
-					block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
-						Keys:     keys,
-						Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
-					},
-					pile:       sblock.pile,
-					parsedKeys: parsedKeys,
-				})
+				parsedKeys = append(parsedKeys, addr.Normalize())
 			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return addrToProtocolToServerBlocks, nil
-}
-
-// consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
-// single listener addresses to protocols to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses
-// may serve multiple protocols to identical sites (server block contents), this function turns
-// a 1:many mapping into a many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be
-// exactly identical so that reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined.
-// Identical entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
-// association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
-// the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
-func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks map[string]map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
-	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
-
-	addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
-	for addr := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
-		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(addrs)
-
-	for _, addr := range addrs {
-		protocolToServerBlocks := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
-
-		prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToServerBlocks))
-		for prot := range protocolToServerBlocks {
-			prots = append(prots, prot)
-		}
-		sort.Strings(prots)
-
-		for _, prot := range prots {
-			serverBlocks := protocolToServerBlocks[prot]
-
-			// now find other addresses that map to identical
-			// server blocks and add them to our map of listener
-			// addresses and protocols, while removing them from
-			// the original map
-			listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
-
-			for otherAddr, otherProtocolToServerBlocks := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
-				for otherProt, otherServerBlocks := range otherProtocolToServerBlocks {
-					if addr == otherAddr && prot == otherProt || reflect.DeepEqual(serverBlocks, otherServerBlocks) {
-						listener, ok := listeners[otherAddr]
-						if !ok {
-							listener = map[string]struct{}{}
-							listeners[otherAddr] = listener
-						}
-						listener[otherProt] = struct{}{}
-						delete(otherProtocolToServerBlocks, otherProt)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			addresses := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
-			for lnAddr := range listeners {
-				addresses = append(addresses, lnAddr)
-			}
-			sort.Strings(addresses)
-
-			addressesWithProtocols := make([]addressWithProtocols, 0, len(listeners))
-
-			for _, lnAddr := range addresses {
-				lnProts := listeners[lnAddr]
-				prots := make([]string, 0, len(lnProts))
-				for prot := range lnProts {
-					prots = append(prots, prot)
-				}
-				sort.Strings(prots)
-
-				addressesWithProtocols = append(addressesWithProtocols, addressWithProtocols{
-					address:   lnAddr,
-					protocols: prots,
-				})
-			}
-
-			sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, sbAddrAssociation{
-				addressesWithProtocols: addressesWithProtocols,
-				serverBlocks:           serverBlocks,
+			sbmap[addr] = append(sbmap[addr], serverBlock{
+				block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
+					Keys:     keys,
+					Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
+				},
+				pile: sblock.pile,
+				keys: parsedKeys,
 			})
 		}
 	}

+	return sbmap, nil
+}
+
+// consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
+// single listener addresses to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses may serve
+// identical sites (server block contents), this function turns a 1:many mapping into a
+// many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be exactly identical so that
+// reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined. Identical
+// entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
+// association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
+// the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
+func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToServerBlocks map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
+	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToServerBlocks))
+	for addr, sblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
+		// we start with knowing that at least this address
+		// maps to these server blocks
+		a := sbAddrAssociation{
+			addresses:    []string{addr},
+			serverBlocks: sblocks,
+		}
+
+		// now find other addresses that map to identical
+		// server blocks and add them to our list of
+		// addresses, while removing them from the map
+		for otherAddr, otherSblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
+			if addr == otherAddr {
+				continue
+			}
+			if reflect.DeepEqual(sblocks, otherSblocks) {
+				a.addresses = append(a.addresses, otherAddr)
+				delete(addrToServerBlocks, otherAddr)
+			}
+		}
+		sort.Strings(a.addresses)
+
+		sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, a)
+	}
+
+	// sort them by their first address (we know there will always be at least one)
+	// to avoid problems with non-deterministic ordering (makes tests flaky)
+	sort.Slice(sbaddrs, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return sbaddrs[i].addresses[0] < sbaddrs[j].addresses[0]
+	})
+
 	return sbaddrs
 }

-// listenersForServerBlockAddress essentially converts the Caddyfile site addresses to a map from
-// Caddy listener addresses and the protocols to serve them with to the parsed address for each server block.
-func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Address,
+// listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey essentially converts the Caddyfile
+// site addresses to Caddy listener addresses for each server block.
+func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key string,
 	options map[string]any,
-) (map[string]map[string]struct{}, error) {
+) ([]string, error) {
+	addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
+	}
+	addr = addr.Normalize()
+
 	switch addr.Scheme {
 	case "wss":
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the scheme wss:// is only supported in browsers; use https:// instead")
@@ -303,58 +230,55 @@ func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Ad

 	// error if scheme and port combination violate convention
 	if (addr.Scheme == "http" && lnPort == httpsPort) || (addr.Scheme == "https" && lnPort == httpPort) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", addr.String())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", key)
 	}

-	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), and the protocols to serve them with, but is optional
-	lnCfgVals := make([]addressesWithProtocols, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
+	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), but is optional
+	lnHosts := make([]string, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
 	for _, cfgVal := range sblock.pile["bind"] {
-		if val, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok {
-			lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, val)
-		}
+		lnHosts = append(lnHosts, cfgVal.Value.([]string)...)
 	}
-	if len(lnCfgVals) == 0 {
-		if defaultBindValues, ok := options["default_bind"].([]ConfigValue); ok {
-			for _, defaultBindValue := range defaultBindValues {
-				lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, defaultBindValue.Value.(addressesWithProtocols))
-			}
+	if len(lnHosts) == 0 {
+		if defaultBind, ok := options["default_bind"].([]string); ok {
+			lnHosts = defaultBind
 		} else {
-			lnCfgVals = []addressesWithProtocols{{
-				addresses: []string{""},
-				protocols: nil,
-			}}
+			lnHosts = []string{""}
 		}
 	}

 	// use a map to prevent duplication
-	listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
-	for _, lnCfgVal := range lnCfgVals {
-		for _, lnAddr := range lnCfgVal.addresses {
-			lnNetw, lnHost, _, err := caddy.SplitNetworkAddress(lnAddr)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("splitting listener address: %v", err)
-			}
-			networkAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(lnNetw, lnHost, lnPort))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
-			}
-			if _, ok := listeners[addr.String()]; !ok {
-				listeners[networkAddr.String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
-			}
-			for _, protocol := range lnCfgVal.protocols {
-				listeners[networkAddr.String()][protocol] = struct{}{}
-			}
+	listeners := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, lnHost := range lnHosts {
+		// normally we would simply append the port,
+		// but if lnHost is IPv6, we need to ensure it
+		// is enclosed in [ ]; net.JoinHostPort does
+		// this for us, but lnHost might also have a
+		// network type in front (e.g. "tcp/") leading
+		// to "[tcp/::1]" which causes parsing failures
+		// later; what we need is "tcp/[::1]", so we have
+		// to split the network and host, then re-combine
+		network, host, ok := strings.Cut(lnHost, "/")
+		if !ok {
+			host = network
+			network = ""
 		}
+		host = strings.Trim(host, "[]") // IPv6
+		networkAddr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, lnPort)
+		addr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(networkAddr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
+		}
+		listeners[addr.String()] = struct{}{}
 	}

-	return listeners, nil
-}
+	// now turn map into list
+	listenersList := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
+	for lnStr := range listeners {
+		listenersList = append(listenersList, lnStr)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(listenersList)

-// addressesWithProtocols associates a list of listen addresses
-// with a list of protocols to serve them with
-type addressesWithProtocols struct {
-	addresses []string
-	protocols []string
+	return listenersList, nil
 }

 // Address represents a site address. It contains
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -56,35 +56,15 @@ func init() {

 // parseBind parses the bind directive. Syntax:
 //
-//		bind <addresses...> [{
-//	   protocols [h1|h2|h2c|h3] [...]
-//	 }]
+//	bind <addresses...>
 func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	h.Next() // consume directive name
-	var addresses, protocols []string
-	addresses = h.RemainingArgs()
-
-	for h.NextBlock(0) {
-		switch h.Val() {
-		case "protocols":
-			protocols = h.RemainingArgs()
-			if len(protocols) == 0 {
-				return nil, h.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
-			}
-		default:
-			return nil, h.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", h.Val())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
-		addresses: addresses,
-		protocols: protocols,
-	}}}, nil
+	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: h.RemainingArgs()}}, nil
 }

 // parseTLS parses the tls directive. Syntax:
 //
-//	tls [<email>|internal|force_automate]|[<cert_file> <key_file>] {
+//	tls [<email>|internal]|[<cert_file> <key_file>] {
 //	    protocols <min> [<max>]
 //	    ciphers   <cipher_suites...>
 //	    curves    <curves...>
@@ -99,7 +79,7 @@ func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 //	    ca                            <acme_ca_endpoint>
 //	    ca_root                       <pem_file>
 //	    key_type                      [ed25519|p256|p384|rsa2048|rsa4096]
-//	    dns                           [<provider_name> [...]]    (required, though, if DNS is not configured as global option)
+//	    dns                           <provider_name> [...]
 //	    propagation_delay             <duration>
 //	    propagation_timeout           <duration>
 //	    resolvers                     <dns_servers...>
@@ -107,7 +87,6 @@ func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 //	    dns_challenge_override_domain <domain>
 //	    on_demand
 //	    reuse_private_keys
-//	    force_automate
 //	    eab                           <key_id> <mac_key>
 //	    issuer                        <module_name> [...]
 //	    get_certificate               <module_name> [...]
@@ -127,7 +106,6 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	var certManagers []certmagic.Manager
 	var onDemand bool
 	var reusePrivateKeys bool
-	var forceAutomate bool

 	firstLine := h.RemainingArgs()
 	switch len(firstLine) {
@@ -135,10 +113,8 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	case 1:
 		if firstLine[0] == "internal" {
 			internalIssuer = new(caddytls.InternalIssuer)
-		} else if firstLine[0] == "force_automate" {
-			forceAutomate = true
 		} else if !strings.Contains(firstLine[0], "@") {
-			return nil, h.Err("single argument must either be 'internal', 'force_automate', or an email address")
+			return nil, h.Err("single argument must either be 'internal' or an email address")
 		} else {
 			acmeIssuer = &caddytls.ACMEIssuer{
 				Email: firstLine[0],
@@ -312,6 +288,10 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			certManagers = append(certManagers, certManager)

 		case "dns":
+			if !h.NextArg() {
+				return nil, h.ArgErr()
+			}
+			provName := h.Val()
 			if acmeIssuer == nil {
 				acmeIssuer = new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)
 			}
@@ -321,19 +301,12 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
 				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
 			}
-			// DNS provider configuration optional, since it may be configured globally via the TLS app with global options
-			if h.NextArg() {
-				provName := h.Val()
-				modID := "dns.providers." + provName
-				unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(h.Dispenser, modID)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", provName, h.warnings)
-			} else if h.Option("dns") == nil {
-				// if DNS is omitted locally, it needs to be configured globally
-				return nil, h.ArgErr()
+			modID := "dns.providers." + provName
+			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(h.Dispenser, modID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
 			}
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", provName, h.warnings)

 		case "resolvers":
 			args := h.RemainingArgs()
@@ -576,15 +549,6 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 		})
 	}

-	// if enabled, the names in the site addresses will be
-	// added to the automation policies
-	if forceAutomate {
-		configVals = append(configVals, ConfigValue{
-			Class: "tls.force_automate",
-			Value: true,
-		})
-	}
-
 	// custom certificate selection
 	if len(certSelector.AnyTag) > 0 {
 		cp.CertSelection = &certSelector
@@ -997,50 +961,6 @@ func parseLogHelper(h Helper, globalLogNames map[string]struct{}) ([]ConfigValue
 			}
 			cl.WriterRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(wo, "output", moduleName, h.warnings)

-		case "sampling":
-			d := h.Dispenser.NewFromNextSegment()
-			for d.NextArg() {
-				// consume any tokens on the same line, if any.
-			}
-
-			sampling := &caddy.LogSampling{}
-			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-				subdir := d.Val()
-				switch subdir {
-				case "interval":
-					if !d.NextArg() {
-						return nil, d.ArgErr()
-					}
-					interval, err := time.ParseDuration(d.Val() + "ns")
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse interval: %v", err)
-					}
-					sampling.Interval = interval
-				case "first":
-					if !d.NextArg() {
-						return nil, d.ArgErr()
-					}
-					first, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse first: %v", err)
-					}
-					sampling.First = first
-				case "thereafter":
-					if !d.NextArg() {
-						return nil, d.ArgErr()
-					}
-					thereafter, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse thereafter: %v", err)
-					}
-					sampling.Thereafter = thereafter
-				default:
-					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized subdirective: %s", subdir)
-				}
-			}
-
-			cl.Sampling = sampling
-
 		case "core":
 			if !h.NextArg() {
 				return nil, h.ArgErr()
@@ -62,20 +62,6 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.name-override"]},"name-override":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"core":{"module":"mock"},"include":["http.log.access.name-override"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"name-override"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
-		{
-			input: `:8080 {
-				log {
-					sampling {
-						interval 2
-						first 3
-						thereafter 4
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"sampling":{"interval":2,"first":3,"thereafter":4},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
-			expectError: false,
-		},
 	} {

 		adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
-	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -101,6 +100,17 @@ var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 // plugins or by the user via the "order" global option.
 var directiveOrder = defaultDirectiveOrder

+// directiveIsOrdered returns true if dir is
+// a known, ordered (sorted) directive.
+func directiveIsOrdered(dir string) bool {
+	for _, d := range directiveOrder {
+		if d == dir {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // RegisterDirective registers a unique directive dir with an
 // associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When directive dir
 // is encountered in a Caddyfile, setupFunc will be called to
@@ -151,7 +161,7 @@ func RegisterHandlerDirective(dir string, setupFunc UnmarshalHandlerFunc) {
 // EXPERIMENTAL: This API may change or be removed.
 func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string) {
 	// check if directive was already ordered
-	if slices.Contains(directiveOrder, dir) {
+	if directiveIsOrdered(dir) {
 		panic("directive '" + dir + "' already ordered")
 	}

@@ -162,7 +172,12 @@ func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string)
 	// check if directive exists in standard distribution, since
 	// we can't allow plugins to depend on one another; we can't
 	// guarantee the order that plugins are loaded in.
-	foundStandardDir := slices.Contains(defaultDirectiveOrder, standardDir)
+	foundStandardDir := false
+	for _, d := range defaultDirectiveOrder {
+		if d == standardDir {
+			foundStandardDir = true
+		}
+	}
 	if !foundStandardDir {
 		panic("the 3rd argument '" + standardDir + "' must be a directive that exists in the standard distribution of Caddy")
 	}
@@ -516,9 +531,9 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 // a "pile" of config values, keyed by class name,
 // as well as its parsed keys for convenience.
 type serverBlock struct {
-	block      caddyfile.ServerBlock
-	pile       map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
-	parsedKeys []Address
+	block caddyfile.ServerBlock
+	pile  map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
+	keys  []Address
 }

 // hostsFromKeys returns a list of all the non-empty hostnames found in
@@ -535,7 +550,7 @@ type serverBlock struct {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			if !loggerMode {
 				// server block contains a key like ":443", i.e. the host portion
@@ -567,7 +582,7 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -588,17 +603,23 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 // hasHostCatchAllKey returns true if sb has a key that
 // omits a host portion, i.e. it "catches all" hosts.
 func (sb serverBlock) hasHostCatchAllKey() bool {
-	return slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
-		return addr.Host == ""
-	})
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+		if addr.Host == "" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }

 // isAllHTTP returns true if all sb keys explicitly specify
 // the http:// scheme
 func (sb serverBlock) isAllHTTP() bool {
-	return !slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
-		return addr.Scheme != "http"
-	})
+	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+		if addr.Scheme != "http" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
 }

 // Positional are the supported modes for ordering directives.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]string{"example.com:2015"},
 		},
 	} {
-		sb := serverBlock{parsedKeys: tc.keys}
+		sb := serverBlock{keys: tc.keys}

 		// test in normal mode
 		actual := sb.hostsFromKeys(false)
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 package httpcaddyfile

 import (
-	"cmp"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	}

 	// map
-	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
+	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
@@ -187,25 +186,12 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}

-	// hoist the metrics config from per-server to global
-	metrics, _ := options["metrics"].(*caddyhttp.Metrics)
-	for _, s := range servers {
-		if s.Metrics != nil {
-			metrics = cmp.Or[*caddyhttp.Metrics](metrics, &caddyhttp.Metrics{})
-			metrics = &caddyhttp.Metrics{
-				PerHost: metrics.PerHost || s.Metrics.PerHost,
-			}
-			s.Metrics = nil // we don't need it anymore
-		}
-	}
-
 	// now that each server is configured, make the HTTP app
 	httpApp := caddyhttp.App{
 		HTTPPort:      tryInt(options["http_port"], &warnings),
 		HTTPSPort:     tryInt(options["https_port"], &warnings),
 		GracePeriod:   tryDuration(options["grace_period"], &warnings),
 		ShutdownDelay: tryDuration(options["shutdown_delay"], &warnings),
-		Metrics:       metrics,
 		Servers:       servers,
 	}

@@ -416,20 +402,6 @@ func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options
 			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, logOpts...)
 			continue
 		}
-		// Also fold multiple "default_bind" options together into an
-		// array so that server blocks can have multiple binds by default.
-		if opt == "default_bind" {
-			existingOpts, ok := options[opt].([]ConfigValue)
-			if !ok {
-				existingOpts = []ConfigValue{}
-			}
-			defaultBindOpts, ok := val.([]ConfigValue)
-			if !ok {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type from 'default_bind' global options: %T", val)
-			}
-			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, defaultBindOpts...)
-			continue
-		}

 		options[opt] = val
 	}
@@ -548,8 +520,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 	if hsp, ok := options["https_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpsPort = strconv.Itoa(hsp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := []string{}
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
+	autoHTTPS := "on"
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}

@@ -564,81 +536,29 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					if k == j {
 						continue
 					}
-					if slices.Contains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
+					if sliceContains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("ambiguous site definition: %s", key)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}

-		var (
-			addresses []string
-			protocols [][]string
-		)
-
-		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
-			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
-			protocols = append(protocols, addressWithProtocols.protocols)
-		}
-
 		srv := &caddyhttp.Server{
-			Listen:          addresses,
-			ListenProtocols: protocols,
-		}
-
-		// remove srv.ListenProtocols[j] if it only contains the default protocols
-		for j, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
-			srv.ListenProtocols[j] = nil
-			for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
-				if lnProtocol != "" {
-					srv.ListenProtocols[j] = lnProtocols
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// remove srv.ListenProtocols if it only contains the default protocols for all listen addresses
-		listenProtocols := srv.ListenProtocols
-		srv.ListenProtocols = nil
-		for _, lnProtocols := range listenProtocols {
-			if lnProtocols != nil {
-				srv.ListenProtocols = listenProtocols
-				break
-			}
+			Listen: p.addresses,
 		}

 		// handle the auto_https global option
-		for _, val := range autoHTTPS {
-			switch val {
+		if autoHTTPS != "on" {
+			srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+			switch autoHTTPS {
 			case "off":
-				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
-					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled = true
-
 			case "disable_redirects":
-				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
-					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableRedir = true
-
 			case "disable_certs":
-				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
-					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableCerts = true
-
 			case "ignore_loaded_certs":
-				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
-					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.IgnoreLoadedCerts = true
-
-			case "prefer_wildcard":
-				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
-					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-				}
-				srv.AutoHTTPS.PreferWildcard = true
 			}
 		}

@@ -646,7 +566,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		// See ParseAddress() where parsing should later reject paths
 		// See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/4728 for a full explanation
 		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
 				if addr.Path != "" {
 					caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("Using a path in a site address is deprecated; please use the 'handle' directive instead", zap.String("address", addr.String()))
 				}
@@ -664,7 +584,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			var iLongestPath, jLongestPath string
 			var iLongestHost, jLongestHost string
 			var iWildcardHost, jWildcardHost bool
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].parsedKeys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].keys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					iWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -675,7 +595,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					iLongestPath = addr.Path
 				}
 			}
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].parsedKeys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].keys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					jWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -706,18 +626,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			return specificity(iLongestHost) > specificity(jLongestHost)
 		})

-		// collect all hosts that have a wildcard in them
-		wildcardHosts := []string{}
-		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
-				if strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") {
-					wildcardHosts = append(wildcardHosts, addr.Host[2:])
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
 		var hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy, addressQualifiesForTLS bool
-		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := srv.AutoHTTPS == nil || !srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled
+		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := autoHTTPS != "off"

 		// if needed, the ServerLogConfig is initialized beforehand so
 		// that all server blocks can populate it with data, even when not
@@ -763,14 +673,6 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				}
 			}

-			// collect hosts that are forced to be automated
-			forceAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{})
-			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
-				for _, host := range hosts {
-					forceAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-
 			// tls: connection policies
 			if cpVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]; ok {
 				// tls connection policies
@@ -802,14 +704,14 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					}

 					// only append this policy if it actually changes something
-					if !cp.SettingsEmpty() || mapContains(forceAutomatedNames, hosts) {
+					if !cp.SettingsEmpty() {
 						srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, cp)
 						hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy = len(hosts) == 0
 					}
 				}
 			}

-			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
 				// if server only uses HTTP port, auto-HTTPS will not apply
 				if listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(srv.Listen, httpPort) {
 					// exclude any hosts that were defined explicitly with "http://"
@@ -818,7 +720,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 						if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
 						}
-						if !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
+						if !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip = append(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host)
 						}
 					}
@@ -832,7 +734,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				// https://caddy.community/t/making-sense-of-auto-https-and-why-disabling-it-still-serves-https-instead-of-http/9761
 				createdTLSConnPolicies, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]
 				hasTLSEnabled := (ok && len(createdTLSConnPolicies) > 0) ||
-					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
+					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))

 				// we'll need to remember if the address qualifies for auto-HTTPS, so we
 				// can add a TLS conn policy if necessary
@@ -840,19 +742,6 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					(addr.Scheme != "http" && addr.Port != httpPort && hasTLSEnabled) {
 					addressQualifiesForTLS = true
 				}
-
-				// If prefer wildcard is enabled, then we add hosts that are
-				// already covered by the wildcard to the skip list
-				if addressQualifiesForTLS && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && srv.AutoHTTPS.PreferWildcard {
-					baseDomain := addr.Host
-					if idx := strings.Index(baseDomain, "."); idx != -1 {
-						baseDomain = baseDomain[idx+1:]
-					}
-					if !strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") && slices.Contains(wildcardHosts, baseDomain) {
-						srv.AutoHTTPS.SkipCerts = append(srv.AutoHTTPS.SkipCerts, addr.Host)
-					}
-				}
-
 				// predict whether auto-HTTPS will add the conn policy for us; if so, we
 				// may not need to add one for this server
 				autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy = autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy &&
@@ -984,10 +873,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		if addressQualifiesForTLS &&
 			!hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy &&
 			(len(srv.TLSConnPolicies) > 0 || !autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy || defaultSNI != "" || fallbackSNI != "") {
-			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{
-				DefaultSNI:  defaultSNI,
-				FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI,
-			})
+			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{DefaultSNI: defaultSNI, FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI})
 		}

 		// tidy things up a bit
@@ -1000,7 +886,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		servers[fmt.Sprintf("srv%d", i)] = srv
 	}

-	if err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings); err != nil {
+	err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("applying global server options: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -1045,7 +932,7 @@ func detectConflictingSchemes(srv *caddyhttp.Server, serverBlocks []serverBlock,
 	}

 	for _, sblock := range serverBlocks {
-		for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+		for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
 			if addr.Scheme == "http" || addr.Port == httpPort {
 				if err := checkAndSetHTTP(addr); err != nil {
 					return err
@@ -1121,12 +1008,6 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("two policies with same match criteria have conflicting default SNI: %s vs. %s",
 						cps[i].DefaultSNI, cps[j].DefaultSNI)
 				}
-				if cps[i].FallbackSNI != "" &&
-					cps[j].FallbackSNI != "" &&
-					cps[i].FallbackSNI != cps[j].FallbackSNI {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("two policies with same match criteria have conflicting fallback SNI: %s vs. %s",
-						cps[i].FallbackSNI, cps[j].FallbackSNI)
-				}
 				if cps[i].ProtocolMin != "" &&
 					cps[j].ProtocolMin != "" &&
 					cps[i].ProtocolMin != cps[j].ProtocolMin {
@@ -1167,9 +1048,6 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				if cps[i].DefaultSNI == "" && cps[j].DefaultSNI != "" {
 					cps[i].DefaultSNI = cps[j].DefaultSNI
 				}
-				if cps[i].FallbackSNI == "" && cps[j].FallbackSNI != "" {
-					cps[i].FallbackSNI = cps[j].FallbackSNI
-				}
 				if cps[i].ProtocolMin == "" && cps[j].ProtocolMin != "" {
 					cps[i].ProtocolMin = cps[j].ProtocolMin
 				}
@@ -1183,7 +1061,7 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				} else if cps[i].CertSelection != nil && cps[j].CertSelection != nil {
 					// if both have one, then combine AnyTag
 					for _, tag := range cps[j].CertSelection.AnyTag {
-						if !slices.Contains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
+						if !sliceContains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
 							cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag = append(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag)
 						}
 					}
@@ -1266,7 +1144,7 @@ func appendSubrouteToRouteList(routeList caddyhttp.RouteList,
 func buildSubroute(routes []ConfigValue, groupCounter counter, needsSorting bool) (*caddyhttp.Subroute, error) {
 	if needsSorting {
 		for _, val := range routes {
-			if !slices.Contains(directiveOrder, val.directive) {
+			if !directiveIsOrdered(val.directive) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("directive '%s' is not an ordered HTTP handler, so it cannot be used here - try placing within a route block or using the order global option", val.directive)
 			}
 		}
@@ -1444,7 +1322,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 	var matcherPairs []*hostPathPair

 	var catchAllHosts bool
-	for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+	for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
 		// choose a matcher pair that should be shared by this
 		// server block; if none exists yet, create one
 		var chosenMatcherPair *hostPathPair
@@ -1476,16 +1354,25 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod

 		// add this server block's keys to the matcher
 		// pair if it doesn't already exist
-		if addr.Host != "" && !slices.Contains(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host) {
-			chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
+		if addr.Host != "" {
+			var found bool
+			for _, h := range chosenMatcherPair.hostm {
+				if h == addr.Host {
+					found = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !found {
+				chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
+			}
 		}
 	}

 	// iterate each pairing of host and path matchers and
 	// put them into a map for JSON encoding
-	var matcherSets []map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError
+	var matcherSets []map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher
 	for _, mp := range matcherPairs {
-		matcherSet := make(map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError)
+		matcherSet := make(map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher)
 		if len(mp.hostm) > 0 {
 			matcherSet["host"] = mp.hostm
 		}
@@ -1544,17 +1431,12 @@ func parseMatcherDefinitions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, matchers map[string]caddy.M
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-
-		if rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError); ok {
-			matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
-			return nil
+		rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcher)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a request matcher", matcherName)
 		}
-		// nolint:staticcheck
-		if rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcher); ok {
-			matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
-			return nil
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a request matcher", matcherName)
+		matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
+		return nil
 	}

 	// if the next token is quoted, we can assume it's not a matcher name
@@ -1598,7 +1480,7 @@ func parseMatcherDefinitions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, matchers map[string]caddy.M
 	return nil
 }

-func encodeMatcherSet(matchers map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
+func encodeMatcherSet(matchers map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
 	msEncoded := make(caddy.ModuleMap)
 	for matcherName, val := range matchers {
 		jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(val)
@@ -1658,6 +1540,16 @@ func tryDuration(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddy.Duration {
 	return durationVal
 }

+// sliceContains returns true if needle is in haystack.
+func sliceContains(haystack []string, needle string) bool {
+	for _, s := range haystack {
+		if s == needle {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan returns true if there are any
 // listeners in addresses that use a port which is not otherPort.
 // Mostly borrowed from unexported method in caddyhttp package.
@@ -1678,18 +1570,6 @@ func listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses []string, otherPort string) bool {
 	return false
 }

-func mapContains[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V, keys []K) bool {
-	if len(m) == 0 || len(keys) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, key := range keys {
-		if _, ok := m[key]; ok {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // specificity returns len(s) minus any wildcards (*) and
 // placeholders ({...}). Basically, it's a length count
 // that penalizes the use of wildcards and placeholders.
@@ -1733,19 +1613,12 @@ type namedCustomLog struct {
 	noHostname bool
 }

-// addressWithProtocols associates a listen address with
-// the protocols to serve it with
-type addressWithProtocols struct {
-	address   string
-	protocols []string
-}
-
 // sbAddrAssociation is a mapping from a list of
-// addresses with protocols, and a list of server
-// blocks that are served on those addresses.
+// addresses to a list of server blocks that are
+// served on those addresses.
 type sbAddrAssociation struct {
-	addressesWithProtocols []addressWithProtocols
-	serverBlocks           []serverBlock
+	addresses    []string
+	serverBlocks []serverBlock
 }

 const (
@@ -15,17 +15,14 @@
 package httpcaddyfile

 import (
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 )

@@ -33,20 +30,19 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("debug", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("http_port", parseOptHTTPPort)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("https_port", parseOptHTTPSPort)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptDefaultBind)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptStringList)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("grace_period", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("shutdown_delay", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("default_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("fallback_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("order", parseOptOrder)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("storage", parseOptStorage)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_check", parseStorageCheck)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseStorageCleanInterval)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("renew_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca_root", parseOptSingleString)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptDNS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptACMEDNS)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_eab", parseOptACMEEAB)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_issuer", parseOptCertIssuer)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("skip_install_trust", parseOptTrue)
@@ -56,15 +52,12 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("local_certs", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("key_type", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("auto_https", parseOptAutoHTTPS)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("metrics", parseMetricsOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("servers", parseServerOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_stapling", parseOCSPStaplingOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_lifetime", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("log", parseLogOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("persist_config", parseOptPersistConfig)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("dns", parseOptDNS)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("ech", parseOptECH)
 }

 func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) { return true, nil }
@@ -117,12 +110,17 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	}
 	pos := Positional(d.Val())

-	// if directive already had an order, drop it
-	newOrder := slices.DeleteFunc(directiveOrder, func(d string) bool {
-		return d == dirName
-	})
+	newOrder := directiveOrder

-	// act on the positional; if it's First or Last, we're done right away
+	// if directive exists, first remove it
+	for i, d := range newOrder {
+		if d == dirName {
+			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], newOrder[i+1:]...)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// act on the positional
 	switch pos {
 	case First:
 		newOrder = append([]string{dirName}, newOrder...)
@@ -131,7 +129,6 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		}
 		directiveOrder = newOrder
 		return newOrder, nil
-
 	case Last:
 		newOrder = append(newOrder, dirName)
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -139,11 +136,8 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		}
 		directiveOrder = newOrder
 		return newOrder, nil
-
-	// if it's Before or After, continue
 	case Before:
 	case After:
-
 	default:
 		return nil, d.Errf("unknown positional '%s'", pos)
 	}
@@ -157,17 +151,17 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}

-	// get the position of the target directive
-	targetIndex := slices.Index(newOrder, otherDir)
-	if targetIndex == -1 {
-		return nil, d.Errf("directive '%s' not found", otherDir)
+	// insert directive into proper position
+	for i, d := range newOrder {
+		if d == otherDir {
+			if pos == Before {
+				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
+			} else if pos == After {
+				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
+			}
+			break
+		}
 	}
-	// if we're inserting after, we need to increment the index to go after
-	if pos == After {
-		targetIndex++
-	}
-	// insert the directive into the new order
-	newOrder = slices.Insert(newOrder, targetIndex, dirName)

 	directiveOrder = newOrder

@@ -193,40 +187,6 @@ func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return storage, nil
 }

-func parseStorageCheck(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
-	if !d.Next() {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	val := d.Val()
-	if d.Next() {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	if val != "off" {
-		return "", d.Errf("storage_check must be 'off'")
-	}
-	return val, nil
-}
-
-func parseStorageCleanInterval(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
-	if !d.Next() {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	val := d.Val()
-	if d.Next() {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	if val == "off" {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-	dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse storage_clean_interval, must be a duration or 'off' %w", err)
-	}
-	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
-}
-
 func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
@@ -241,6 +201,25 @@ func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
 }

+func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if !d.Next() { // get DNS module name
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
+	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	prov, ok := unm.(certmagic.DNSProvider)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.DNSProvider", modID, unm)
+	}
+	return prov, nil
+}
+
 func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	eab := new(acme.EAB)
 	d.Next() // consume option name
@@ -305,32 +284,13 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return val, nil
 }

-func parseOptDefaultBind(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-
-	var addresses, protocols []string
-	addresses = d.RemainingArgs()
-
-	if len(addresses) == 0 {
-		addresses = append(addresses, "")
+	val := d.RemainingArgs()
+	if len(val) == 0 {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
-
-	for d.NextBlock(0) {
-		switch d.Val() {
-		case "protocols":
-			protocols = d.RemainingArgs()
-			if len(protocols) == 0 {
-				return nil, d.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
-			}
-		default:
-			return nil, d.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", d.Val())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
-		addresses: addresses,
-		protocols: protocols,
-	}}}, nil
+	return val, nil
 }

 func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
@@ -415,10 +375,36 @@ func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 			ond.PermissionRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(perm, "module", modName, nil)

 		case "interval":
-			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'interval' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if ond == nil {
+				ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
+			}
+			if ond.RateLimit == nil {
+				ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
+			}
+			ond.RateLimit.Interval = caddy.Duration(dur)

 		case "burst":
-			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'burst' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			burst, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if ond == nil {
+				ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
+			}
+			if ond.RateLimit == nil {
+				ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
+			}
+			ond.RateLimit.Burst = burst

 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
@@ -447,44 +433,19 @@ func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {

 func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-	val := d.RemainingArgs()
-	if len(val) == 0 {
+	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
-	for _, v := range val {
-		switch v {
-		case "off":
-		case "disable_redirects":
-		case "disable_certs":
-		case "ignore_loaded_certs":
-		case "prefer_wildcard":
-			break
-
-		default:
-			return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', 'ignore_loaded_certs', or 'prefer_wildcard'")
-		}
+	val := d.Val()
+	if d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if val != "off" && val != "disable_redirects" && val != "disable_certs" && val != "ignore_loaded_certs" {
+		return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', or 'ignore_loaded_certs'")
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }

-func unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
-	metrics := new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
-	for d.NextBlock(0) {
-		switch d.Val() {
-		case "per_host":
-			metrics.PerHost = true
-		default:
-			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
-		}
-	}
-	return metrics, nil
-}
-
-func parseMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	return unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d)
-}
-
 func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d)
 }
@@ -554,68 +515,3 @@ func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next()
 	return caddytls.ParseCaddyfilePreferredChainsOptions(d)
 }
-
-func parseOptDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
-
-	if !d.Next() { // get DNS module name
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
-	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	switch unm.(type) {
-	case libdns.RecordGetter,
-		libdns.RecordSetter,
-		libdns.RecordAppender,
-		libdns.RecordDeleter:
-	default:
-		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a libdns provider", modID, unm)
-	}
-	return unm, nil
-}
-
-func parseOptECH(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
-
-	ech := new(caddytls.ECH)
-
-	publicNames := d.RemainingArgs()
-	for _, publicName := range publicNames {
-		ech.Configs = append(ech.Configs, caddytls.ECHConfiguration{
-			PublicName: publicName,
-		})
-	}
-	if len(ech.Configs) == 0 {
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-
-	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-		switch d.Val() {
-		case "dns":
-			if !d.Next() {
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			providerName := d.Val()
-			modID := "dns.providers." + providerName
-			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			ech.Publication = append(ech.Publication, &caddytls.ECHPublication{
-				Configs: publicNames,
-				PublishersRaw: caddy.ModuleMap{
-					"dns": caddyconfig.JSON(caddytls.ECHDNSPublisher{
-						ProviderRaw: caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", providerName, nil),
-					}, nil),
-				},
-			})
-		default:
-			return nil, d.Errf("ech: unrecognized subdirective '%s'", d.Val())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ech, nil
-}
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"slices"

 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"

@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 				if proto != "h1" && proto != "h2" && proto != "h2c" && proto != "h3" {
 					return nil, d.Errf("unknown protocol '%s': expected h1, h2, h2c, or h3", proto)
 				}
-				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
+				if sliceContains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("protocol %s specified more than once", proto)
 				}
 				serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, proto)
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 		case "client_ip_headers":
 			headers := d.RemainingArgs()
 			for _, header := range headers {
-				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
+				if sliceContains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
 				}
 				serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
@@ -240,14 +239,13 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 			}

 		case "metrics":
-			caddy.Log().Warn("The nested 'metrics' option inside `servers` is deprecated and will be removed in the next major version. Use the global 'metrics' option instead.")
-			serverOpts.Metrics = new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
-			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-				switch d.Val() {
-				case "per_host":
-					serverOpts.Metrics.PerHost = true
-				}
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
+			if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			serverOpts.Metrics = new(caddyhttp.Metrics)

 		case "trace":
 			if d.NextArg() {
@@ -290,15 +288,24 @@ func applyServerOptions(

 	for key, server := range servers {
 		// find the options that apply to this server
-		optsIndex := slices.IndexFunc(serverOpts, func(s serverOptions) bool {
-			return s.ListenerAddress == "" || slices.Contains(server.Listen, s.ListenerAddress)
-		})
+		opts := func() *serverOptions {
+			for _, entry := range serverOpts {
+				if entry.ListenerAddress == "" {
+					return &entry
+				}
+				for _, listener := range server.Listen {
+					if entry.ListenerAddress == listener {
+						return &entry
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		}()

 		// if none apply, then move to the next server
-		if optsIndex == -1 {
+		if opts == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		opts := serverOpts[optsIndex]

 		// set all the options
 		server.ListenerWrappersRaw = opts.ListenerWrappersRaw
@@ -52,27 +52,19 @@ func NewShorthandReplacer() ShorthandReplacer {
 // be used in the Caddyfile, and the right is the replacement.
 func placeholderShorthands() []string {
 	return []string{
+		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
+		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{host}", "{http.request.host}",
 		"{hostport}", "{http.request.hostport}",
 		"{port}", "{http.request.port}",
-		"{orig_method}", "{http.request.orig_method}",
-		"{orig_uri}", "{http.request.orig_uri}",
-		"{orig_path}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path}",
-		"{orig_dir}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.dir}",
-		"{orig_file}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.file}",
-		"{orig_query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.query}",
-		"{orig_?query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{method}", "{http.request.method}",
-		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
 		"{path}", "{http.request.uri.path}",
-		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
-		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{query}", "{http.request.uri.query}",
-		"{?query}", "{http.request.uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{remote}", "{http.request.remote}",
 		"{remote_host}", "{http.request.remote.host}",
 		"{remote_port}", "{http.request.remote.port}",
 		"{scheme}", "{http.request.scheme}",
+		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
 		"{uuid}", "{http.request.uuid}",
 		"{tls_cipher}", "{http.request.tls.cipher_suite}",
 		"{tls_version}", "{http.request.tls.version}",
@@ -19,13 +19,12 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
-	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -45,8 +44,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	if hp, ok := options["http_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpPort = strconv.Itoa(hp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := []string{}
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
+	autoHTTPS := "on"
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}

@@ -54,25 +53,23 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	// key, so that they don't get forgotten/omitted by auto-HTTPS
 	// (since they won't appear in route matchers)
 	httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey := make(map[string]struct{})
-	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") {
+	if autoHTTPS != "off" {
 		for _, pair := range pairings {
 			for _, sb := range pair.serverBlocks {
-				for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
-					if addr.Host != "" {
-						continue
-					}
-
-					// this server block has a hostless key, now
-					// go through and add all the hosts to the set
-					for _, otherAddr := range sb.parsedKeys {
-						if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
-							continue
-						}
-						if otherAddr.Host != "" && otherAddr.Scheme != "http" && otherAddr.Port != httpPort {
-							httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey[otherAddr.Host] = struct{}{}
+				for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+					if addr.Host == "" {
+						// this server block has a hostless key, now
+						// go through and add all the hosts to the set
+						for _, otherAddr := range sb.keys {
+							if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
+								continue
+							}
+							if otherAddr.Host != "" && otherAddr.Scheme != "http" && otherAddr.Port != httpPort {
+								httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey[otherAddr.Host] = struct{}{}
+							}
 						}
+						break
 					}
-					break
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -92,35 +89,9 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, catchAllAP)
 	}

-	// collect all hosts that have a wildcard in them, and arent HTTP
-	wildcardHosts := []string{}
-	// hosts that have been explicitly marked to be automated,
-	// even if covered by another wildcard
-	forcedAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, p := range pairings {
-		var addresses []string
-		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
-			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
-		}
-		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
-				if strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") {
-					wildcardHosts = append(wildcardHosts, addr.Host[2:])
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	for _, p := range pairings {
 		// avoid setting up TLS automation policies for a server that is HTTP-only
-		var addresses []string
-		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
-			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
-		}
-		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(p.addresses, httpPort) {
 			continue
 		}

@@ -137,12 +108,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				return nil, warnings, err
 			}

-			// make a plain copy so we can compare whether we made any changes
-			apCopy, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, warnings, err
-			}
-
 			sblockHosts := sblock.hostsFromKeys(false)
 			if len(sblockHosts) == 0 && catchAllAP != nil {
 				ap = catchAllAP
@@ -153,13 +118,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				ap.OnDemand = true
 			}

-			// collect hosts that are forced to be automated
-			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
-				for _, host := range sblockHosts {
-					forcedAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-
 			// reuse private keys tls
 			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.reuse_private_keys"]; ok {
 				ap.ReusePrivateKeys = true
@@ -223,8 +181,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					if acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "" {
 						// only binding to one host is supported
 						var bindHost string
-						if asserted, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(asserted.addresses) > 0 {
-							bindHost = asserted.addresses[0]
+						if bindHosts, ok := cfgVal.Value.([]string); ok && len(bindHosts) > 0 {
+							bindHost = bindHosts[0]
 						}
 						acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = bindHost
 					}
@@ -252,21 +210,9 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				catchAllAP = ap
 			}

-			hostsNotHTTP := sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
-			sort.Strings(hostsNotHTTP) // solely for deterministic test results
-
-			// if the we prefer wildcards and the AP is unchanged,
-			// then we can skip this AP because it should be covered
-			// by an AP with a wildcard
-			if slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "prefer_wildcard") {
-				if hostsCoveredByWildcard(hostsNotHTTP, wildcardHosts) &&
-					reflect.DeepEqual(ap, apCopy) {
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-
 			// associate our new automation policy with this server block's hosts
-			ap.SubjectsRaw = hostsNotHTTP
+			ap.SubjectsRaw = sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
+			sort.Strings(ap.SubjectsRaw) // solely for deterministic test results

 			// if a combination of public and internal names were given
 			// for this same server block and no issuer was specified, we
@@ -305,7 +251,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					ap2.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(caddytls.InternalIssuer{}, "module", "internal", &warnings)}
 				}
 			}
-
 			if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 				tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 			}
@@ -359,40 +304,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.OnDemand = onDemand
 	}

-	// set up "global" (to the TLS app) DNS provider config
-	if globalDNS, ok := options["dns"]; ok && globalDNS != nil {
-		tlsApp.DNSRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalDNS, "name", globalDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
-	}
-
-	// set up ECH from Caddyfile options
-	if ech, ok := options["ech"].(*caddytls.ECH); ok {
-		tlsApp.EncryptedClientHello = ech
-
-		// outer server names will need certificates, so make sure they're included
-		// in an automation policy for them that applies any global options
-		ap, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, warnings, err
-		}
-		for _, cfg := range ech.Configs {
-			ap.SubjectsRaw = append(ap.SubjectsRaw, cfg.PublicName)
-		}
-		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
-			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
-		}
-		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, ap)
-	}
-
-	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
-	if sc, ok := options["storage_check"].(string); ok && sc == "off" {
-		tlsApp.DisableStorageCheck = true
-	}
-
-	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
-	if sci, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(bool); ok && !sci {
-		tlsApp.DisableStorageClean = true
-	}
-
 	// set the storage clean interval if configured
 	if storageCleanInterval, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(caddy.Duration); ok {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
@@ -433,7 +344,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	internalAP := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{
 		IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{json.RawMessage(`{"module":"internal"}`)},
 	}
-	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") && !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "disable_certs") {
+	if autoHTTPS != "off" && autoHTTPS != "disable_certs" {
 		for h := range httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey {
 			al = append(al, h)
 			if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert(h) {
@@ -441,13 +352,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	for name := range forcedAutomatedNames {
-		if slices.Contains(al, name) {
-			continue
-		}
-		al = append(al, name)
-	}
-	slices.Sort(al) // to stabilize the adapt output
 	if len(al) > 0 {
 		tlsApp.CertificatesRaw["automate"] = caddyconfig.JSON(al, &warnings)
 	}
@@ -561,7 +465,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalACMECA != nil && acmeIssuer.CA == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.CA = globalACMECA.(string)
 	}
-	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !slices.Contains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
+	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !sliceContains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
 		acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = append(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string))
 	}
 	if globalACMEDNS != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) {
@@ -577,8 +481,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalPreferredChains != nil && acmeIssuer.PreferredChains == nil {
 		acmeIssuer.PreferredChains = globalPreferredChains.(*caddytls.ChainPreference)
 	}
-	// only configure alt HTTP and TLS-ALPN ports if the DNS challenge is not enabled (wouldn't hurt, but isn't necessary since the DNS challenge is exclusive of others)
-	if globalHTTPPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort == 0) {
+	if globalHTTPPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort == 0) {
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
@@ -587,7 +490,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 		}
 		acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort = globalHTTPPort.(int)
 	}
-	if globalHTTPSPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort == 0) {
+	if globalHTTPSPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort == 0) {
 		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
 			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
 		}
@@ -677,7 +580,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
 				// if this automation policy has internal names, we might as well remove it
 				// so auto-https can implicitly use the internal issuer
-				aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
+				aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
 				i--
 			}
 		}
@@ -694,7 +597,7 @@ outer:
 		for j := i + 1; j < len(aps); j++ {
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], aps[j]) {
-				aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
+				aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
 				// must re-evaluate current i against next j; can't skip it!
 				// even if i decrements to -1, will be incremented to 0 immediately
 				i--
@@ -724,18 +627,18 @@ outer:
 					// cause example.com to be served by the less specific policy for
 					// '*.com', which might be different (yes we've seen this happen)
 					if automationPolicyShadows(i, aps) >= j {
-						aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
+						aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
 						i--
 						continue outer
 					}
 				} else {
 					// avoid repeated subjects
 					for _, subj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
-						if !slices.Contains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
+						if !sliceContains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
 							aps[i].SubjectsRaw = append(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj)
 						}
 					}
-					aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
+					aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
 					j--
 				}
 			}
@@ -755,9 +658,13 @@ func automationPolicyIsSubset(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, aSubj := range a.SubjectsRaw {
-		inSuperset := slices.ContainsFunc(b.SubjectsRaw, func(bSubj string) bool {
-			return certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj)
-		})
+		var inSuperset bool
+		for _, bSubj := range b.SubjectsRaw {
+			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj) {
+				inSuperset = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
 		if !inSuperset {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -802,28 +709,14 @@ func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) b
 // automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames returns true if all the names on the policy
 // do NOT qualify for public certs OR are tailscale domains.
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	return !slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(i string) bool {
-		return !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, i) || isTailscaleDomain(i)
-	})
+	for _, subj := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
+		if !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj) || isTailscaleDomain(subj) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
 }

 func isTailscaleDomain(name string) bool {
 	return strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(name), ".ts.net")
 }
-
-func hostsCoveredByWildcard(hosts []string, wildcards []string) bool {
-	if len(hosts) == 0 || len(wildcards) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, host := range hosts {
-		for _, wildcard := range wildcards {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(host, "*.") {
-				continue
-			}
-			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(host, "*."+wildcard) {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func init() {
 // If the response is not a JSON config, a config adapter must be specified
 // either in the loader config (`adapter`), or in the Content-Type HTTP header
 // returned in the HTTP response from the server. The Content-Type header is
-// read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. If you don't have control
+// read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. Uf you don't have control
 // over the HTTP server (but can still trust its response), you can override
 // the Content-Type header by setting the `adapter` property in this config.
 type HTTPLoader struct {
@@ -1,40 +1,29 @@
 package caddytest

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/fs"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/cookiejar"
 	"os"
-	"path"
-	"reflect"
-	"regexp"
-	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"testing"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/aryann/difflib"
-
 	caddycmd "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd"

-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	// plug in Caddy modules here
 	_ "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/standard"
 )

-// Config store any configuration required to make the tests run
-type Config struct {
-	// Port we expect caddy to listening on
-	AdminPort int
+// Defaults store any configuration required to make the tests run
+type Defaults struct {
 	// Certificates we expect to be loaded before attempting to run the tests
 	Certificates []string
 	// TestRequestTimeout is the time to wait for a http request to
@@ -44,31 +33,32 @@ type Config struct {
 }

 // Default testing values
-var Default = Config{
-	AdminPort:          2999, // different from what a real server also running on a developer's machine might be
+var Default = Defaults{
 	Certificates:       []string{"/caddy.localhost.crt", "/caddy.localhost.key"},
 	TestRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 	LoadRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 }

-var (
-	matchKey  = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.key)`)
-	matchCert = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.crt)`)
-)
-
 // Tester represents an instance of a test client.
 type Tester struct {
-	Client       *http.Client
-	configLoaded bool
-	t            testing.TB
-	config       Config
+	Client *http.Client
+
+	adminPort int
+
+	portOne int
+	portTwo int
+
+	started        atomic.Bool
+	configLoaded   bool
+	configFileName string
+	envFileName    string
 }

 // NewTester will create a new testing client with an attached cookie jar
-func NewTester(t testing.TB) *Tester {
+func NewTester() (*Tester, error) {
 	jar, err := cookiejar.New(nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to create cookiejar: %s", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cookiejar: %w", err)
 	}

 	return &Tester{
@@ -78,28 +68,7 @@ func NewTester(t testing.TB) *Tester {
 			Timeout:   Default.TestRequestTimeout,
 		},
 		configLoaded: false,
-		t:            t,
-		config:       Default,
-	}
-}
-
-// WithDefaultOverrides this will override the default test configuration with the provided values.
-func (tc *Tester) WithDefaultOverrides(overrides Config) *Tester {
-	if overrides.AdminPort != 0 {
-		tc.config.AdminPort = overrides.AdminPort
-	}
-	if len(overrides.Certificates) > 0 {
-		tc.config.Certificates = overrides.Certificates
-	}
-	if overrides.TestRequestTimeout != 0 {
-		tc.config.TestRequestTimeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
-		tc.Client.Timeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
-	}
-	if overrides.LoadRequestTimeout != 0 {
-		tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout = overrides.LoadRequestTimeout
-	}
-
-	return tc
+	}, nil
 }

 type configLoadError struct {
@@ -113,53 +82,73 @@ func timeElapsed(start time.Time, name string) {
 	log.Printf("%s took %s", name, elapsed)
 }

-// InitServer this will configure the server with a configurion of a specific
-// type. The configType must be either "json" or the adapter type.
-func (tc *Tester) InitServer(rawConfig string, configType string) {
-	if err := tc.initServer(rawConfig, configType); err != nil {
-		tc.t.Logf("failed to load config: %s", err)
-		tc.t.Fail()
+// launch caddy will start the server
+func (tc *Tester) LaunchCaddy() error {
+	if !tc.started.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("already launched caddy with this tester")
 	}
-	if err := tc.ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig, configType); err != nil {
-		tc.t.Logf("failed ensuring config is running: %s", err)
-		tc.t.Fail()
+	if err := tc.startServer(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start server: %w", err)
 	}
+	return nil
 }

-// InitServer this will configure the server with a configurion of a specific
-// type. The configType must be either "json" or the adapter type.
-func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		tc.t.SkipNow()
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err := validateTestPrerequisites(tc)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Skipf("skipping tests as failed integration prerequisites. %s", err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
-		if tc.t.Failed() && tc.configLoaded {
-			res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
-			if err != nil {
-				tc.t.Log("unable to read the current config")
-				return
-			}
-			defer res.Body.Close()
-			body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
-
-			var out bytes.Buffer
-			_ = json.Indent(&out, body, "", "  ")
-			tc.t.Logf("----------- failed with config -----------\n%s", out.String())
+func (tc *Tester) CleanupCaddy() error {
+	// now shutdown the server, since the test is done.
+	defer func() {
+		// try to remove  pthe tmp config file we created
+		if tc.configFileName != "" {
+			os.Remove(tc.configFileName)
 		}
-	})
+		if tc.envFileName != "" {
+			os.Remove(tc.envFileName)
+		}
+	}()
+	resp, err := http.Post(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/stop", tc.adminPort), "", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't stop caddytest server: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	for retries := 0; retries < 10; retries++ {
+		if tc.isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	}

-	rawConfig = prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
+	return fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for caddytest server to stop")
+}
+
+func (tc *Tester) AdminPort() int {
+	return tc.adminPort
+}
+
+func (tc *Tester) PortOne() int {
+	return tc.portOne
+}
+
+func (tc *Tester) PortTwo() int {
+	return tc.portTwo
+}
+
+func (tc *Tester) ReplaceTestingPlaceholders(x string) string {
+	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}", fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", tc.adminPort))
+	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_PORT}", fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.adminPort))
+	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}", fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.portOne))
+	x = strings.ReplaceAll(x, "{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}", fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.portTwo))
+	return x
+}
+
+// LoadConfig loads the config to the tester server and also ensures that the config was loaded
+// it should not be run
+func (tc *Tester) LoadConfig(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
+	if tc.adminPort == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load config called where startServer didnt succeed")
+	}
+	rawConfig = tc.ReplaceTestingPlaceholders(rawConfig)
+	// replace special testing placeholders so we can have our admin api be on a random port
 	// normalize JSON config
 	if configType == "json" {
-		tc.t.Logf("Before: %s", rawConfig)
 		var conf any
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(rawConfig), &conf); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -169,16 +158,14 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		rawConfig = string(c)
-		tc.t.Logf("After: %s", rawConfig)
 	}
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
 	start := time.Now()
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", tc.config.AdminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", tc.adminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
 	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request. %s", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request. %w", err)
 	}

 	if configType == "json" {
@@ -189,16 +176,14 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {

 	res, err := client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("unable to contact caddy server. %s", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to contact caddy server. %w", err)
 	}
 	timeElapsed(start, "caddytest: config load time")

 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("unable to read response. %s", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to read response. %w", err)
 	}

 	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
@@ -206,133 +191,115 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	}

 	tc.configLoaded = true
+
+	// if the config is not loaded at this point, it is a bug in caddy's config.Load
+	// the contract for config.Load states that the config must be loaded before it returns, and that it will
+	// error if the config fails to apply
 	return nil
 }

-func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
-	expectedBytes := []byte(prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig))
-	if configType != "json" {
-		adapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(configType)
-		if adapter == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("adapter of config type is missing: %s", configType)
-		}
-		expectedBytes, _, _ = adapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), nil)
+func (tc *Tester) GetCurrentConfig(receiver any) error {
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}

-	var expected any
-	err := json.Unmarshal(expectedBytes, &expected)
+	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.adminPort))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	actualBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-
-	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) any {
-		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		defer resp.Body.Close()
-		actualBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		var actual any
-		err = json.Unmarshal(actualBytes, &actual)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return actual
+	err = json.Unmarshal(actualBytes, receiver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-
-	for retries := 10; retries > 0; retries-- {
-		if reflect.DeepEqual(expected, fetchConfig(client)) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-	}
-	tc.t.Errorf("POSTed configuration isn't active")
-	return errors.New("EnsureConfigRunning: POSTed configuration isn't active")
+	return nil
 }

-const initConfig = `{
-	admin localhost:%d
-}
-`
-
-// validateTestPrerequisites ensures the certificates are available in the
-// designated path and Caddy sub-process is running.
-func validateTestPrerequisites(tc *Tester) error {
-	// check certificates are found
-	for _, certName := range tc.config.Certificates {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(getIntegrationDir() + certName); errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test certificates (%s) not found", certName)
-		}
+func getFreePort() (int, error) {
+	lr, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
 	}
+	port := strings.Split(lr.Addr().String(), ":")
+	if len(port) < 2 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("no port available")
+	}
+	i, err := strconv.Atoi(port[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	err = lr.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to close listener: %w", err)
+	}
+	return i, nil
+}

-	if isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil {
-		// setup the init config file, and set the cleanup afterwards
+// launches caddy, and then ensures the Caddy sub-process is running.
+func (tc *Tester) startServer() error {
+	if tc.isCaddyAdminRunning() == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("caddy test admin port still in use")
+	}
+	a, err := getFreePort()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a open port to listen on: %w", err)
+	}
+	tc.adminPort = a
+	tc.portOne, err = getFreePort()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a open portOne: %w", err)
+	}
+	tc.portTwo, err = getFreePort()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a open portOne: %w", err)
+	}
+	// setup the init config file, and set the cleanup afterwards
+	{
 		f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
-			os.Remove(f.Name())
-		})
-		if _, err := f.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(initConfig, tc.config.AdminPort)); err != nil {
+		tc.configFileName = f.Name()
+
+		initConfig := fmt.Sprintf(`{
+	admin localhost:%d
+}`, a)
+		if _, err := f.WriteString(initConfig); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	}

-		// start inprocess caddy server
-		os.Args = []string{"caddy", "run", "--config", f.Name(), "--adapter", "caddyfile"}
-		go func() {
-			caddycmd.Main()
-		}()
-
-		// wait for caddy to start serving the initial config
-		for retries := 10; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil; retries-- {
-			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-		}
+	// start inprocess caddy server
+	go func() {
+		_ = caddycmd.MainForTesting("run", "--config", tc.configFileName, "--adapter", "caddyfile")
+	}()
+	// wait for caddy admin api to start. it should happen quickly.
+	for retries := 10; retries > 0 && tc.isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil; retries-- {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}

 	// one more time to return the error
-	return isCaddyAdminRunning(tc)
+	return tc.isCaddyAdminRunning()
 }

-func isCaddyAdminRunning(tc *Tester) error {
+func (tc *Tester) isCaddyAdminRunning() error {
 	// assert that caddy is running
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
-	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
+	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.adminPort))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", tc.config.AdminPort)
+		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", tc.adminPort)
 	}
 	resp.Body.Close()

 	return nil
 }

-func getIntegrationDir() string {
-	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(1)
-	if !ok {
-		panic("unable to determine the current file path")
-	}
-
-	return path.Dir(filename)
-}
-
-// use the convention to replace /[certificatename].[crt|key] with the full path
-// this helps reduce the noise in test configurations and also allow this
-// to run in any path
-func prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig string) string {
-	r := matchKey.ReplaceAllString(rawConfig, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
-	r = matchCert.ReplaceAllString(r, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
-	return r
-}
-
 // CreateTestingTransport creates a testing transport that forces call dialing connections to happen locally
 func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 	dialer := net.Dialer{
@@ -359,231 +326,3 @@ func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 		TLSClientConfig:       &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}, //nolint:gosec
 	}
 }
-
-// AssertLoadError will load a config and expect an error
-func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expectedError string) {
-	tc := NewTester(t)
-
-	err := tc.initServer(rawConfig, configType)
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedError) {
-		t.Errorf("expected error \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", expectedError, err.Error())
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertRedirect makes a request and asserts the redirection happens
-func (tc *Tester) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
-	redirectPolicyFunc := func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
-		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
-	}
-
-	// using the existing client, we override the check redirect policy for this test
-	old := tc.Client.CheckRedirect
-	tc.Client.CheckRedirect = redirectPolicyFunc
-	defer func() { tc.Client.CheckRedirect = old }()
-
-	resp, err := tc.Client.Get(requestURI)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to call server %s", err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", requestURI, expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	loc, err := resp.Location()
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got error: %s", requestURI, expectedToLocation, err)
-	}
-	if loc == nil && expectedToLocation != "" {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected a Location header, but didn't get one", requestURI)
-	}
-	if loc != nil {
-		if expectedToLocation != loc.String() {
-			tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", requestURI, expectedToLocation, loc.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return resp
-}
-
-// CompareAdapt adapts a config and then compares it against an expected result
-func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
-	cfgAdapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(adapterName)
-	if cfgAdapter == nil {
-		t.Logf("unrecognized config adapter '%s'", adapterName)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	options := make(map[string]any)
-
-	result, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), options)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Logf("adapting config using %s adapter: %v", adapterName, err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// prettify results to keep tests human-manageable
-	var prettyBuf bytes.Buffer
-	err = json.Indent(&prettyBuf, result, "", "\t")
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	result = prettyBuf.Bytes()
-
-	if len(warnings) > 0 {
-		for _, w := range warnings {
-			t.Logf("warning: %s:%d: %s: %s", filename, w.Line, w.Directive, w.Message)
-		}
-	}
-
-	diff := difflib.Diff(
-		strings.Split(expectedResponse, "\n"),
-		strings.Split(string(result), "\n"))
-
-	// scan for failure
-	failed := false
-	for _, d := range diff {
-		if d.Delta != difflib.Common {
-			failed = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if failed {
-		for _, d := range diff {
-			switch d.Delta {
-			case difflib.Common:
-				fmt.Printf("  %s\n", d.Payload)
-			case difflib.LeftOnly:
-				fmt.Printf(" - %s\n", d.Payload)
-			case difflib.RightOnly:
-				fmt.Printf(" + %s\n", d.Payload)
-			}
-		}
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-// AssertAdapt adapts a config and then tests it against an expected result
-func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
-	ok := CompareAdapt(t, "Caddyfile", rawConfig, adapterName, expectedResponse)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fail()
-	}
-}
-
-// Generic request functions
-
-func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
-	requestContentType := ""
-	for _, requestHeader := range requestHeaders {
-		arr := strings.SplitAfterN(requestHeader, ":", 2)
-		k := strings.TrimRight(arr[0], ":")
-		v := strings.TrimSpace(arr[1])
-		if k == "Content-Type" {
-			requestContentType = v
-		}
-		t.Logf("Request header: %s => %s", k, v)
-		req.Header.Set(k, v)
-	}
-
-	if requestContentType == "" {
-		t.Logf("Content-Type header not provided")
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertResponseCode will execute the request and verify the status code, returns a response for additional assertions
-func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
-	resp, err := tc.Client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("failed to call server %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", req.URL.RequestURI(), expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	return resp
-}
-
-// AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
-func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	resp := tc.AssertResponseCode(req, expectedStatusCode)
-
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	bytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to read the response body %s", err)
-	}
-
-	body := string(bytes)
-
-	if body != expectedBody {
-		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected response body \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", req.RequestURI, expectedBody, body)
-	}
-
-	return resp, body
-}
-
-// Verb specific test functions
-
-// AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
-func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", requestURI, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
-func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", requestURI, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
-func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", requestURI, requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
-		return nil, ""
-	}
-
-	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
-func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", requestURI, requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
-		return nil, ""
-	}
-
-	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
-
-// AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
-func (tc *Tester) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", requestURI, requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
-		return nil, ""
-	}
-
-	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
-
-	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package caddytest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aryann/difflib"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
+)
+
+// AssertLoadError will load a config and expect an error
+func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expectedError string) {
+	tc, err := NewTester()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = tc.LaunchCaddy()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = tc.LoadConfig(rawConfig, configType)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedError) {
+		t.Errorf("expected error \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", expectedError, err.Error())
+	}
+	_ = tc.CleanupCaddy()
+}
+
+// CompareAdapt adapts a config and then compares it against an expected result
+func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
+	cfgAdapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(adapterName)
+	if cfgAdapter == nil {
+		t.Logf("unrecognized config adapter '%s'", adapterName)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	options := make(map[string]any)
+
+	result, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), options)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("adapting config using %s adapter: %v", adapterName, err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// prettify results to keep tests human-manageable
+	var prettyBuf bytes.Buffer
+	err = json.Indent(&prettyBuf, result, "", "\t")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	result = prettyBuf.Bytes()
+
+	if len(warnings) > 0 {
+		for _, w := range warnings {
+			t.Logf("warning: %s:%d: %s: %s", filename, w.Line, w.Directive, w.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	diff := difflib.Diff(
+		strings.Split(expectedResponse, "\n"),
+		strings.Split(string(result), "\n"))
+
+	// scan for failure
+	failed := false
+	for _, d := range diff {
+		if d.Delta != difflib.Common {
+			failed = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if failed {
+		for _, d := range diff {
+			switch d.Delta {
+			case difflib.Common:
+				fmt.Printf("  %s\n", d.Payload)
+			case difflib.LeftOnly:
+				fmt.Printf(" - %s\n", d.Payload)
+			case difflib.RightOnly:
+				fmt.Printf(" + %s\n", d.Payload)
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// AssertAdapt adapts a config and then tests it against an expected result
+func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
+	ok := CompareAdapt(t, "Caddyfile", rawConfig, adapterName, expectedResponse)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fail()
+	}
+}
+
+// Generic request functions
+
+func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
+	requestContentType := ""
+	for _, requestHeader := range requestHeaders {
+		arr := strings.SplitAfterN(requestHeader, ":", 2)
+		k := strings.TrimRight(arr[0], ":")
+		v := strings.TrimSpace(arr[1])
+		if k == "Content-Type" {
+			requestContentType = v
+		}
+		t.Logf("Request header: %s => %s", k, v)
+		req.Header.Set(k, v)
+	}
+
+	if requestContentType == "" {
+		t.Logf("Content-Type header not provided")
+	}
+}
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 package caddytest

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )

 func TestReplaceCertificatePaths(t *testing.T) {
-	rawConfig := `a.caddy.localhost:9443 {
+	rawConfig := `a.caddy.localhost:9443{
 		tls /caddy.localhost.crt /caddy.localhost.key {
 		}

 		redir / https://b.caddy.localhost:9443/version 301
-    
+
 		respond /version 200 {
 		  body "hello from a.caddy.localhost"
-		}	
+		}
 	  }`

 	r := prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ func TestReplaceCertificatePaths(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"logging": {
 			"logs": {
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		},
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -79,12 +80,13 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": 9443,
+				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
 				"servers": {
 					"s_server": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9080"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}",
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -119,10 +121,10 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
  `, "json")
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
-	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
+	harness.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
 }
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -14,11 +13,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
 	smallstepacme "github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
 )

 const acmeChallengePort = 9081
@@ -26,19 +24,13 @@ const acmeChallengePort = 9081
 // Test the basic functionality of Caddy's ACME server
 func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		local_certs
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
@@ -46,11 +38,12 @@ func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")

+	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmeserver")
 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			Logger:     logger,
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -99,13 +92,13 @@ func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")

-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		local_certs
 	}
 	acme.localhost {
@@ -117,9 +110,9 @@ func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {

 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			Logger:     logger,
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -5,52 +5,51 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
-	"log/slog"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
 )

 func TestACMEServerDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	acme.localhost:9443 {
+	acme.localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO} {
 		acme_server
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse(
-		"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(
+		fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
 		200,
-		`{"newNonce":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-nonce","newAccount":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-account","newOrder":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-order","revokeCert":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/revoke-cert","keyChange":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/key-change"}
-`)
+		fmt.Sprintf(`{"newNonce":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/new-nonce","newAccount":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/new-account","newOrder":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/new-order","revokeCert":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/revoke-cert","keyChange":"https://acme.localhost:%[1]d/acme/local/key-change"}
+`, harness.Tester().PortTwo()))
 }

 func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
@@ -68,17 +67,13 @@ func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
  `, "caddyfile")

 	ctx := context.Background()
-	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")

 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			Logger:     logger,
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -133,14 +128,14 @@ func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
 		local_certs
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		pki {
 			ca local {
 				name "Caddy Local Authority"
@@ -157,17 +152,13 @@ func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
  `, "caddyfile")

 	ctx := context.Background()
-	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")

 	client := acmez.Client{
 		Client: &acme.Client{
-			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
-			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+			Directory:  fmt.Sprintf("https://acme.localhost:%d/acme/local/directory", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
+			HTTPClient: harness.Client(),
+			Logger:     logger,
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -199,7 +190,7 @@ func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"deny.localhost"})
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for 'deny.localhost' domain")
-		} else if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
+		} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
 			t.Logf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package integration

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"

@@ -8,69 +9,69 @@ import (
 )

 func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsImplicitPort(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
 		skip_install_trust
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 	}
 	localhost
 	respond "Yahaha! You found me!"
  `, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }

 func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortSameAsHTTPSPort(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 	}
-	localhost:9443
+	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 	respond "Yahaha! You found me!"
  `, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }

 func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortDifferentFromHTTPSPort(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 	}
 	localhost:1234
 	respond "Yahaha! You found me!"
  `, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost:1234/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost:1234/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }

 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 {
  "admin": {
-	"listen": "localhost:2999"
+	"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
  },
  "apps": {
    "http": {
-      "http_port": 9080,
-      "https_port": 9443,
+      "http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+      "https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
      "servers": {
        "ingress_server": {
          "listen": [
-            ":9080",
-            ":9443"
+            ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}",
+            ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
          ],
          "routes": [
            {
@@ -94,52 +95,52 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
  }
 }
 `, "json")
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }

 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAll(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		local_certs
 	}
-	http://:9080 {
+	http://:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		respond "Foo"
 	}
-	http://baz.localhost:9080 {
+	http://baz.localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		respond "Baz"
 	}
 	bar.localhost {
 		respond "Bar"
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://bar.localhost:9080/", "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://foo.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://baz.localhost:9080/", 200, "Baz")
+	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://bar.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Foo")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://baz.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Baz")
 }

 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAllWithNoExplicitHTTPSite(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		local_certs
 	}
-	http://:9080 {
+	http://:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		respond "Foo"
 	}
 	bar.localhost {
 		respond "Bar"
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://bar.localhost:9080/", "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://foo.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://baz.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
+	harness.AssertRedirect(fmt.Sprintf("http://bar.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), "https://bar.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Foo")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://baz.localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Foo")
 }
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@
 			root_cn "Internal Root Cert"
 			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert"
 		}
-	}
+    }
 }
+
 acme.example.com {
 	acme_server {
 		ca internal
 		sign_with_root
 	}
 }
-
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-{
-	auto_https prefer_wildcard
-}
-
-*.example.com {
-	tls {
-		dns mock
-	}
-	respond "fallback"
-}
-
-foo.example.com {
-	respond "foo"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"foo.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "foo",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "fallback",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"automatic_https": {
-						"skip_certificates": [
-							"foo.example.com"
-						],
-						"prefer_wildcard": true
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"*.example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"provider": {
-											"name": "mock"
-										}
-									}
-								},
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,268 +0,0 @@
-{
-	auto_https prefer_wildcard
-}
-
-# Covers two domains
-*.one.example.com {
-	tls {
-		dns mock
-	}
-	respond "one fallback"
-}
-
-# Is covered, should not get its own AP
-foo.one.example.com {
-	respond "foo one"
-}
-
-# This one has its own tls config so it doesn't get covered (escape hatch)
-bar.one.example.com {
-	respond "bar one"
-	tls bar@bar.com
-}
-
-# Covers nothing but AP gets consolidated with the first
-*.two.example.com {
-	tls {
-		dns mock
-	}
-	respond "two fallback"
-}
-
-# Is HTTP so it should not cover
-http://*.three.example.com {
-	respond "three fallback"
-}
-
-# Has no wildcard coverage so it gets an AP
-foo.three.example.com {
-	respond "foo three"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"foo.three.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "foo three",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"foo.one.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "foo one",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"bar.one.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "bar one",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.one.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "one fallback",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.two.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "two fallback",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"automatic_https": {
-						"skip_certificates": [
-							"foo.one.example.com",
-							"bar.one.example.com"
-						],
-						"prefer_wildcard": true
-					}
-				},
-				"srv1": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.three.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "three fallback",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"automatic_https": {
-						"prefer_wildcard": true
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"foo.three.example.com"
-						]
-					},
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"bar.one.example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"email": "bar@bar.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							},
-							{
-								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
-								"email": "bar@bar.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					},
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"*.one.example.com",
-							"*.two.example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"provider": {
-											"name": "mock"
-										}
-									}
-								},
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-{
-	auto_https disable_redirects
-	admin off
-}
-
-http://localhost {
-	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD} {
-		protocols h1
-	}
-	log
-	respond "Hello, HTTP!"
-}
-
-https://localhost {
-	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD} {
-		protocols h1 h2
-	}
-	bind fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD} {
-		protocols h3
-	}
-	log
-	respond "Hello, HTTPS!"
-}
----------
-{
-	"admin": {
-		"disabled": true
-	},
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD}",
-						"fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD}"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"localhost"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Hello, HTTPS!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"automatic_https": {
-						"disable_redirects": true
-					},
-					"logs": {
-						"logger_names": {
-							"localhost": [
-								""
-							]
-						}
-					},
-					"listen_protocols": [
-						[
-							"h1",
-							"h2"
-						],
-						[
-							"h3"
-						]
-					]
-				},
-				"srv1": {
-					"automatic_https": {
-						"disable_redirects": true
-					}
-				},
-				"srv2": {
-					"listen": [
-						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD}"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"localhost"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Hello, HTTP!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"automatic_https": {
-						"disable_redirects": true,
-						"skip": [
-							"localhost"
-						]
-					},
-					"logs": {
-						"logger_names": {
-							"localhost": [
-								""
-							]
-						}
-					},
-					"listen_protocols": [
-						[
-							"h1"
-						]
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ encode {
 	zstd
 	gzip 5
 }
-
-encode
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -78,17 +76,6 @@ encode
 										"zstd",
 										"gzip"
 									]
-								},
-								{
-									"encodings": {
-										"gzip": {},
-										"zstd": {}
-									},
-									"handler": "encode",
-									"prefer": [
-										"zstd",
-										"gzip"
-									]
 								}
 							]
 						}
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-:80
-
-file_server {
-	browse {
-		file_limit 4000
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"browse": {
-										"file_limit": 4000
-									},
-									"handler": "file_server",
-									"hide": [
-										"./Caddyfile"
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 file_server {
 	precompressed zstd br gzip
 }
-
-file_server {
-	precompressed
-}
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -34,22 +30,6 @@ file_server {
 										"br",
 										"gzip"
 									]
-								},
-								{
-									"handler": "file_server",
-									"hide": [
-										"./Caddyfile"
-									],
-									"precompressed": {
-										"br": {},
-										"gzip": {},
-										"zstd": {}
-									},
-									"precompressed_order": [
-										"br",
-										"zstd",
-										"gzip"
-									]
 								}
 							]
 						}
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-:80
-
-file_server {
-	browse {
-		sort size desc
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"browse": {
-										"sort": [
-											"size",
-											"desc"
-										]
-									},
-									"handler": "file_server",
-									"hide": [
-										"./Caddyfile"
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 app.example.com {
 	forward_auth authelia:9091 {
-		uri /api/authz/forward-auth
+		uri /api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com
 		copy_headers Remote-User Remote-Groups Remote-Name Remote-Email
 	}

@@ -39,13 +39,6 @@ app.example.com {
 																]
 															},
 															"routes": [
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "vars"
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
 																{
 																	"handle": [
 																		{
@@ -54,104 +47,19 @@ app.example.com {
 																				"set": {
 																					"Remote-Email": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}"
-																					]
-																				}
-																			}
-																		}
-																	],
-																	"match": [
-																		{
-																			"not": [
-																				{
-																					"vars": {
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}": [
-																							""
-																						]
-																					}
-																				}
-																			]
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"set": {
+																					],
 																					"Remote-Groups": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}"
-																					]
-																				}
-																			}
-																		}
-																	],
-																	"match": [
-																		{
-																			"not": [
-																				{
-																					"vars": {
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}": [
-																							""
-																						]
-																					}
-																				}
-																			]
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"set": {
+																					],
 																					"Remote-Name": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}"
-																					]
-																				}
-																			}
-																		}
-																	],
-																	"match": [
-																		{
-																			"not": [
-																				{
-																					"vars": {
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}": [
-																							""
-																						]
-																					}
-																				}
-																			]
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"set": {
+																					],
 																					"Remote-User": [
 																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}"
 																					]
 																				}
 																			}
 																		}
-																	],
-																	"match": [
-																		{
-																			"not": [
-																				{
-																					"vars": {
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}": [
-																							""
-																						]
-																					}
-																				}
-																			]
-																		}
 																	]
 																}
 															]
@@ -172,7 +80,7 @@ app.example.com {
 													},
 													"rewrite": {
 														"method": "GET",
-														"uri": "/api/authz/forward-auth"
+														"uri": "/api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com"
 													},
 													"upstreams": [
 														{
@@ -28,13 +28,6 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 												]
 											},
 											"routes": [
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "vars"
-														}
-													]
-												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -43,131 +36,22 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 																"set": {
 																	"1": [
 																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
-																	"B": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
+																	],
 																	"3": [
 																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
+																	],
+																	"5": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}"
+																	],
+																	"B": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}"
+																	],
 																	"D": [
 																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}"
 																	]
 																}
 															}
 														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
-																	"5": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
 													]
 												}
 											]
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 	storage file_system {
 		root /data
 	}
-	storage_check off
-	storage_clean_interval off
 	acme_ca https://example.com
 	acme_ca_root /path/to/ca.crt
 	ocsp_stapling off
@@ -19,6 +17,8 @@
 	admin off
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
+		interval 30s
+		burst 20
 	}
 	local_certs
 	key_type ed25519
@@ -72,12 +72,14 @@
 					"permission": {
 						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
 						"module": "http"
+					},
+					"rate_limit": {
+						"interval": 30000000000,
+						"burst": 20
 					}
 				}
 			},
-			"disable_ocsp_stapling": true,
-			"disable_storage_check": true,
-			"disable_storage_clean": true
+			"disable_ocsp_stapling": true
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 	admin off
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
+		interval 30s
+		burst 20
 	}
 	storage_clean_interval 7d
 	renew_interval 1d
@@ -87,6 +89,10 @@
 					"permission": {
 						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
 						"module": "http"
+					},
+					"rate_limit": {
+						"interval": 30000000000,
+						"burst": 20
 					}
 				},
 				"ocsp_interval": 172800000000000,
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 	}
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
+		interval 30s
+		burst 20
 	}
 	local_certs
 	key_type ed25519
@@ -72,6 +74,10 @@
 					"permission": {
 						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
 						"module": "http"
+					},
+					"rate_limit": {
+						"interval": 30000000000,
+						"burst": 20
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-{
-	log {
-		sampling {
-			interval 300
-			first 50
-			thereafter 40
-		}
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"logging": {
-		"logs": {
-			"default": {
-				"sampling": {
-					"interval": 300,
-					"first": 50,
-					"thereafter": 40
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -12,14 +12,10 @@
 	@images path /images/*
 	header @images {
 		Cache-Control "public, max-age=3600, stale-while-revalidate=86400"
-		match {
-			status 200
-		}
 	}
 	header {
 		+Link "Foo"
 		+Link "Bar"
-		match status 200
 	}
 	header >Set Defer
 	header >Replace Deferred Replacement
@@ -46,11 +42,6 @@
 								{
 									"handler": "headers",
 									"response": {
-										"require": {
-											"status_code": [
-												200
-											]
-										},
 										"set": {
 											"Cache-Control": [
 												"public, max-age=3600, stale-while-revalidate=86400"
@@ -145,11 +136,6 @@
 												"Foo",
 												"Bar"
 											]
-										},
-										"require": {
-											"status_code": [
-												200
-											]
 										}
 									}
 								},
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 example.com {
-	respond <<EOF
+    respond <<EOF
    <html>
      <head><title>Foo</title>
      <body>Foo</body>
    </html>
    EOF 200
 }
-
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-:80 {
-	log {
-		sampling {
-			interval 300
-			first 50
-			thereafter 40
-		}
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"logging": {
-		"logs": {
-			"default": {
-				"exclude": [
-					"http.log.access.log0"
-				]
-			},
-			"log0": {
-				"sampling": {
-					"interval": 300,
-					"first": 50,
-					"thereafter": 40
-				},
-				"include": [
-					"http.log.access.log0"
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	},
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"logs": {
-						"default_logger_name": "log0"
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 example.com

-map {host} {my_placeholder} {magic_number} {
+map {host}             {my_placeholder}  {magic_number} {
 	# Should output boolean "true" and an integer
-	example.com true 3
+	example.com        true              3

 	# Should output a string and null
-	foo.example.com "string value"
+	foo.example.com    "string value"

 	# Should output two strings (quoted int)
-	(.*)\.example.com "${1} subdomain" "5"
+	(.*)\.example.com  "${1} subdomain"  "5"

 	# Should output null and a string (quoted int)
-	~.*\.net$ - `7`
+	~.*\.net$          -                 `7`

 	# Should output a float and the string "false"
-	~.*\.xyz$ 123.456 "false"
+	~.*\.xyz$          123.456           "false"

 	# Should output two strings, second being escaped quote
-	default "unknown domain" \"""
+	default            "unknown domain"  \"""
 }

 vars foo bar
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ vars {
 	ghi 2.3
 	jkl "mn op"
 }
-
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-{
-	metrics
-	servers :80 {
-		metrics {
-			per_host
-		}
-	}
-}
-:80 {
-	respond "Hello"
-}
-
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"body": "Hello",
-									"handler": "static_response"
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			},
-			"metrics": {
-				"per_host": true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-	servers :80 {
-		metrics {
-			per_host
-		}
-	}
-}
-:80 {
-	respond "Hello"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"body": "Hello",
-									"handler": "static_response"
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			},
-			"metrics": {
-				"per_host": true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ route {
 		}
 		not path */
 	}
-	redir @canonicalPath {orig_path}/{orig_?query} 308
+	redir @canonicalPath {http.request.orig_uri.path}/ 308

 	# If the requested file does not exist, try index files
 	@indexFiles {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ route {
 			split_path .php
 		}
 	}
-	rewrite @indexFiles {file_match.relative}
+	rewrite @indexFiles {http.matchers.file.relative}

 	# Proxy PHP files to the FastCGI responder
 	@phpFiles {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ route {
 													"handler": "static_response",
 													"headers": {
 														"Location": [
-															"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
+															"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
 														]
 													},
 													"status_code": 308
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 									"handler": "static_response",
 									"headers": {
 										"Location": [
-											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
+											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
 										]
 									},
 									"status_code": 308
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 											"{http.request.uri.path}/index.php",
 											"index.php"
 										],
-										"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback",
 										"split_path": [
 											".php"
 										]
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ php_fastcgi @test localhost:9000
 																	"handler": "static_response",
 																	"headers": {
 																		"Location": [
-																			"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
+																			"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
 																		]
 																	},
 																	"status_code": 308
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ php_fastcgi @test localhost:9000
 																			"{http.request.uri.path}",
 																			"{http.request.uri.path}/index.php",
 																			"index.php"
-																		],
-																		"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback"
+																		]
 																	}
 																}
 															]
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
 									"handler": "static_response",
 									"headers": {
 										"Location": [
-											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
+											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
 										]
 									},
 									"status_code": 308
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
 											"{http.request.uri.path}/index.php5",
 											"index.php5"
 										],
-										"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback",
 										"split_path": [
 											".php",
 											".php5"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
 									"handler": "static_response",
 									"headers": {
 										"Location": [
-											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}"
+											"{http.request.orig_uri.path}/"
 										]
 									},
 									"status_code": 308
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-:8884
-
-php_fastcgi localhost:9000 {
-	# some php_fastcgi-specific subdirectives
-	split .php .php5
-	env VAR1 value1
-	env VAR2 value2
-	root /var/www
-	try_files {path} index.php
-	dial_timeout 3s
-	read_timeout 10s
-	write_timeout 20s
-
-	# passed through to reverse_proxy (directive order doesn't matter!)
-	lb_policy random
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8884"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"file": {
-										"try_files": [
-											"{http.request.uri.path}",
-											"index.php"
-										],
-										"try_policy": "first_exist_fallback",
-										"split_path": [
-											".php",
-											".php5"
-										]
-									}
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "rewrite",
-									"uri": "{http.matchers.file.relative}"
-								}
-							]
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"path": [
-										"*.php",
-										"*.php5"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"load_balancing": {
-										"selection_policy": {
-											"policy": "random"
-										}
-									},
-									"transport": {
-										"dial_timeout": 3000000000,
-										"env": {
-											"VAR1": "value1",
-											"VAR2": "value2"
-										},
-										"protocol": "fastcgi",
-										"read_timeout": 10000000000,
-										"root": "/var/www",
-										"split_path": [
-											".php",
-											".php5"
-										],
-										"write_timeout": 20000000000
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "localhost:9000"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-:8884
-
-reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
-	health_uri /health
-	health_method HEAD
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8884"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-										"active": {
-											"method": "HEAD",
-											"uri": "/health"
-										}
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-:8884
-
-reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
-	health_uri /health
-	health_request_body "test body"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8884"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-										"active": {
-											"body": "test body",
-											"uri": "/health"
-										}
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-https://example.com {
-	reverse_proxy http://localhost:54321 {
-		transport http {
-			local_address 192.168.0.1
-		}
-	}
-}
-
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-													"transport": {
-														"local_address": "192.168.0.1",
-														"protocol": "http"
-													},
-													"upstreams": [
-														{
-															"dial": "localhost:54321"
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-automated1.example.com {
-	tls force_automate
-	respond "Automated!"
-}
-
-automated2.example.com {
-	tls force_automate
-	respond "Automated!"
-}
-
-shadowed.example.com {
-	respond "Shadowed!"
-}
-
-*.example.com {
-	tls cert.pem key.pem
-	respond "Wildcard!"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"automated1.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Automated!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"automated2.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Automated!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"shadowed.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Shadowed!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Wildcard!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"tls_connection_policies": [
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"automated1.example.com"
-								]
-							}
-						},
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"automated2.example.com"
-								]
-							}
-						},
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"*.example.com"
-								]
-							},
-							"certificate_selection": {
-								"any_tag": [
-									"cert0"
-								]
-							}
-						},
-						{}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"certificates": {
-				"automate": [
-					"automated1.example.com",
-					"automated2.example.com"
-				],
-				"load_files": [
-					{
-						"certificate": "cert.pem",
-						"key": "key.pem",
-						"tags": [
-							"cert0"
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-subdomain.example.com {
-	respond "Subdomain!"
-}
-
-*.example.com {
-	tls cert.pem key.pem
-	respond "Wildcard!"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"subdomain.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Subdomain!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "Wildcard!",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"tls_connection_policies": [
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"*.example.com"
-								]
-							},
-							"certificate_selection": {
-								"any_tag": [
-									"cert0"
-								]
-							}
-						},
-						{}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"certificates": {
-				"load_files": [
-					{
-						"certificate": "cert.pem",
-						"key": "key.pem",
-						"tags": [
-							"cert0"
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-*.example.com {
-	tls foo@example.com {
-		dns mock
-	}
-
-	@foo host foo.example.com
-	handle @foo {
-		respond "Foo!"
-	}
-
-	@bar host bar.example.com
-	handle @bar {
-		respond "Bar!"
-	}
-
-	# Fallback for otherwise unhandled domains
-	handle {
-		abort
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"group": "group3",
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handler": "subroute",
-													"routes": [
-														{
-															"handle": [
-																{
-																	"body": "Foo!",
-																	"handler": "static_response"
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											],
-											"match": [
-												{
-													"host": [
-														"foo.example.com"
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										},
-										{
-											"group": "group3",
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handler": "subroute",
-													"routes": [
-														{
-															"handle": [
-																{
-																	"body": "Bar!",
-																	"handler": "static_response"
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											],
-											"match": [
-												{
-													"host": [
-														"bar.example.com"
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										},
-										{
-											"group": "group3",
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handler": "subroute",
-													"routes": [
-														{
-															"handle": [
-																{
-																	"abort": true,
-																	"handler": "static_response"
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"*.example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"provider": {
-											"name": "mock"
-										}
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "foo@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							},
-							{
-								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"provider": {
-											"name": "mock"
-										}
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "foo@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package integration

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"testing"
@@ -10,62 +11,63 @@ import (

 func TestRespond(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(` 
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
  {
-    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     9080
-    https_port    9443
+    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
    grace_period  1ns
  }
-  
-  localhost:9080 {
+
+  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
    respond /version 200 {
      body "hello from localhost"
-    }	
+    }
    }
  `, "caddyfile")

 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "hello from localhost")
 }

 func TestRedirect(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
  {
-    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     9080
-    https_port    9443
+    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
    grace_period  1ns
  }
-  
-  localhost:9080 {
-    
-    redir / http://localhost:9080/hello 301
-    
+
+  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+
+    redir / http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}/hello 301
+
    respond /hello 200 {
      body "hello from localhost"
-    }	
+    }
    }
  `, "caddyfile")

+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "http://localhost:9080/hello", 301)
+	harness.AssertRedirect(target, target+"hello", 301)

 	// follow redirect
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "hello from localhost")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "hello from localhost")
 }

 func TestDuplicateHosts(t *testing.T) {
 	// act and assert
 	caddytest.AssertLoadError(t,
 		`
-    localhost:9080 {
+    localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
    }
-  
-    localhost:9080 { 
+
+    localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
    }
    `,
 		"caddyfile",
@@ -80,18 +82,18 @@ func TestReadCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.Client.Jar.SetCookies(localhost, []*http.Cookie{&cookie})
-	tester.InitServer(` 
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.Client().Jar.SetCookies(localhost, []*http.Cookie{&cookie})
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
  {
    skip_install_trust
-    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     9080
-    https_port    9443
+    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
    grace_period  1ns
  }
-  
-  localhost:9080 {
+
+  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
    templates {
      root testdata
    }
@@ -102,21 +104,22 @@ func TestReadCookie(t *testing.T) {
  `, "caddyfile")

 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/cookie.html", 200, "<h2>Cookie.ClientName caddytest</h2>")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"cookie.html", 200, "<h2>Cookie.ClientName caddytest</h2>")
 }

 func TestReplIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
  {
    skip_install_trust
-    admin localhost:2999
-    http_port     9080
-    https_port    9443
+    admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+    http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+    https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
    grace_period  1ns
  }

-  localhost:9080 {
+  localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
    templates {
      root testdata
    }
@@ -128,7 +131,8 @@ func TestReplIndex(t *testing.T) {
  `, "caddyfile")

 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "")
 }

 func TestInvalidPrefix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -481,40 +485,42 @@ func TestValidPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUriReplace(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	uri replace "\}" %7D
 	uri replace "\{" %7B
-	
+
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?test={%20content%20}", 200, "test=%7B%20content%20%7D")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?test={%20content%20}", 200, "test=%7B%20content%20%7D")
 }

 func TestUriOps(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	uri query +foo bar
 	uri query -baz
 	uri query taz test
 	uri query key=value example
 	uri query changethis>changed
-	
+
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest&changethis=val", 200, "changed=val&foo=bar0&foo=bar&key%3Dvalue=example&taz=test")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest&changethis=val", 200, "changed=val&foo=bar0&foo=bar&key%3Dvalue=example&taz=test")
 }

 // Tests the `http.request.local.port` placeholder.
@@ -523,204 +529,215 @@ func TestUriOps(t *testing.T) {
 // refer to 127.0.0.1 or ::1.
 // TODO: Test each http version separately (especially http/3)
 func TestHttpRequestLocalPortPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	respond "{http.request.local.port}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "9080")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, fmt.Sprintf("%d", harness.Tester().PortOne()))
 }

 func TestSetThenAddQueryParams(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	uri query foo bar
 	uri query +foo baz
-	
+
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint", 200, "foo=bar&foo=baz")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint", 200, "foo=bar&foo=baz")
 }

 func TestSetThenDeleteParams(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	uri query bar foo{query.foo}
 	uri query -foo
-	
+
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=foobar")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=foobar")
 }

 func TestRenameAndOtherOps(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	uri query foo>bar
 	uri query bar taz
 	uri query +bar baz
-	
+
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=taz&bar=baz")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "bar=taz&bar=baz")
 }

 func TestReplaceOps(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
-	uri query foo bar baz	
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	uri query foo bar baz
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
 }

 func TestReplaceWithReplacementPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
-	uri query foo bar {query.placeholder}	
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	uri query foo bar {query.placeholder}
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?placeholder=baz&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=baz")
-
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?placeholder=baz&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=baz")
 }

 func TestReplaceWithKeyPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
-	uri query {query.placeholder} bar baz	
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	uri query {query.placeholder} bar baz
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?placeholder=foo&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=foo")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?placeholder=foo&foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz&placeholder=foo")
 }

 func TestPartialReplacement(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
-	uri query foo ar az	
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	uri query foo ar az
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=baz")
 }

 func TestNonExistingSearch(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
-	uri query foo var baz	
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	uri query foo var baz
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=bar")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar", 200, "foo=bar")
 }

 func TestReplaceAllOps(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
-	uri query * bar baz	
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+	uri query * bar baz
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar&baz=bar", 200, "baz=baz&foo=baz")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar&baz=bar", 200, "baz=baz&foo=baz")
 }

 func TestUriOpsBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)

-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	:9080
+	:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	uri query {
 		+foo bar
 		-baz
 		taz test
-	} 
+	}
 	respond "{query}"`, "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest", 200, "foo=bar0&foo=bar&taz=test")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"endpoint?foo=bar0&baz=buz&taz=nottest", 200, "foo=bar0&foo=bar&taz=test")
 }

 func TestHandleErrorSimpleCodes(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	localhost:9080 {
+	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /hidden* "Not found" 404
-	
+
 		handle_errors 404 410 {
 			respond "404 or 410 error"
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/private", 410, "404 or 410 error")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/hidden", 404, "404 or 410 error")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"private", 410, "404 or 410 error")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"hidden", 404, "404 or 410 error")
 }

 func TestHandleErrorRange(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	localhost:9080 {
+	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /hidden* "Not found" 404
@@ -730,17 +747,18 @@ func TestHandleErrorRange(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
 }

 func TestHandleErrorSort(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	localhost:9080 {
+	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /hidden* "Not found" 404
@@ -754,17 +772,18 @@ func TestHandleErrorSort(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/internalerr", 500, "Fallback route: code outside the [400..499] range")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"internalerr", 500, "Fallback route: code outside the [400..499] range")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"hidden", 404, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
 }

 func TestHandleErrorRangeAndCodes(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
 	}
-	localhost:9080 {
+	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		root * /srv
 		error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
 		error /threehundred* "Moved Permanently" 301
@@ -778,9 +797,10 @@ func TestHandleErrorRangeAndCodes(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`, "caddyfile")
 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/internalerr", 500, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/threehundred", 301, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"internalerr", 500, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"threehundred", 301, "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"private", 410, "Error in the [400 .. 499] range")
 }

 func TestInvalidSiteAddressesAsDirectives(t *testing.T) {
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package integration

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"

@@ -9,36 +10,36 @@ import (
 )

 func TestBrowse(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		grace_period  1ns
 	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
+	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		file_server browse
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")

-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
-	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
+	harness.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
 }

 func TestRespondWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		grace_period  1ns
 	}
 	localhost {
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func TestRespondWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
  `, "caddyfile")

-	res, _ := tester.AssertPostResponseBody("https://localhost:9443/",
+	res, _ := harness.AssertPostResponseBody(fmt.Sprintf("https://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
 		nil,
 		bytes.NewBufferString(`{
 		"greeting": "Hello, world!"
@@ -1,40 +1,35 @@
 package integration

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )

 func TestIntercept(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
 			skip_install_trust
-			admin localhost:2999
-			http_port     9080
-			https_port    9443
+			admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+			http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+			https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 			grace_period  1ns
 		}
-	
-		localhost:9080 {
+
+		localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 			respond /intercept "I'm a teapot" 408
-			header /intercept To-Intercept ok
 			respond /no-intercept "I'm not a teapot"

 			intercept {
 				@teapot status 408
 				handle_response @teapot {
-					header /intercept intercepted {resp.header.To-Intercept}
 					respond /intercept "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee" 503
 				}
-			}	
+			}
 		}
 		`, "caddyfile")

-	r, _ := tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/intercept", 503, "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee")
-	if r.Header.Get("intercepted") != "ok" {
-		t.Fatalf(`header "intercepted" value is not "ok": %s`, r.Header.Get("intercepted"))
-	}
-
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/no-intercept", 200, "I'm not a teapot")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/intercept", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 503, "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/no-intercept", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "I'm not a teapot")
 }
@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ import (
 )

 func TestLeafCertLoaders(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-       			"https_port": 9443,
+				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+       			"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9443"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )

-func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddytest.Tester {
+func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddytest.TestHarness {
 	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %s", err)
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddy
 		_ = srv.Close()
 		_ = l.Close()
 	})
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(fmt.Sprintf(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		local_certs
-		servers :9443 {
+		servers :{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO} {
 			listener_wrappers {
 				http_redirect
 				tls
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func setupListenerWrapperTest(t *testing.T, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) *caddy
 		reverse_proxy %s
 	}
  `, l.Addr().String()), "caddyfile")
-	return tester
+	return harness
 }

 func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
 	body := make([]byte, uploadSize)
 	rand.New(rand.NewSource(0)).Read(body)

-	tester := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+	harness := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 		_, err := buf.ReadFrom(request.Body)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {

 		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 	})
-	resp, err := tester.Client.Post("https://localhost:9443", "application/octet-stream", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	resp, err := harness.Client().Post(fmt.Sprintf("https://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()), "application/octet-stream", bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to post: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ func TestHTTPRedirectWrapperWithLargeUpload(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestLargeHttpRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+	harness := setupListenerWrapperTest(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		t.Fatal("not supposed to handle a request")
 	})

 	// We never read the body in any way, set an extra long header instead.
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "http://localhost:9443", nil)
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()), nil)
 	req.Header.Set("Long-Header", strings.Repeat("X", 1024*1024))
-	_, err := tester.Client.Do(req)
+	_, err := harness.Client().Do(req)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("not supposed to succeed")
 	}
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package integration

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
@@ -9,16 +10,16 @@ import (

 func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		grace_period  1ns
 	}

-	localhost:9080 {
+	localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {

 		map {http.request.method} {dest-1} {dest-2} {
 			default unknown1    unknown2
@@ -28,50 +29,50 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {

 		respond /version 200 {
 			body "hello from localhost {dest-1} {dest-2}"
-		}	
+		}
 	}
 	`, "caddyfile")

 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost GET-called unknown2")
-	tester.AssertPostResponseBody("http://localhost:9080/version", []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called foobar")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "hello from localhost GET-called unknown2")
+	harness.AssertPostResponseBody(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called foobar")
 }

 func TestMapRespondWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		}
-		
-		localhost:9080 {
-	
+
+		localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
+
 			map {http.request.method} {dest-name} {
 				default unknown
 				GET     get-called
 			}
-		
+
 			respond /version 200 {
 				body "hello from localhost {dest-name}"
-			}	
+			}
 		}
 	`, "caddyfile")

 	// act and assert
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
-	tester.AssertPostResponseBody("http://localhost:9080/version", []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost unknown")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
+	harness.AssertPostResponseBody(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne()), []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost unknown")
 }

 func TestMapAsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -82,12 +83,12 @@ func TestMapAsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": 9443,
+				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9080"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ func TestMapAsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 	}`, "json")
-
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/version", 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
-	tester.AssertPostResponseBody("http://localhost:9080/version", []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/version", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "hello from localhost get-called")
+	harness.AssertPostResponseBody(target, []string{}, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}), 200, "hello from localhost post-called")
 }
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	caddy.RegisterModule(MockDNSProvider{})
-}
-
-// MockDNSProvider is a mock DNS provider, for testing config with DNS modules.
-type MockDNSProvider struct{}
-
-// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
-func (MockDNSProvider) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
-	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
-		ID:  "dns.providers.mock",
-		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MockDNSProvider) },
-	}
-}
-
-// Provision sets up the module.
-func (MockDNSProvider) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the module from Caddyfile tokens.
-func (MockDNSProvider) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AppendRecords appends DNS records to the zone.
-func (MockDNSProvider) AppendRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// DeleteRecords deletes DNS records from the zone.
-func (MockDNSProvider) DeleteRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// GetRecords gets DNS records from the zone.
-func (MockDNSProvider) GetRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// SetRecords sets DNS records in the zone.
-func (MockDNSProvider) SetRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// Interface guard
-var _ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
-var _ certmagic.DNSProvider = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
-var _ caddy.Provisioner = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
-var _ caddy.Module = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ import (
 )

 func TestSRVReverseProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ func TestDialWithPlaceholderUnix(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	runtime.Gosched() // Allow other goroutines to run

-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ func TestDialWithPlaceholderUnix(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", socketName)
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
+	harness.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

 func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 					"srv1": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9080"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 								],
 								"handle": [
 									{
-	
+
 										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
 										"upstreams": [
 											{
@@ -223,21 +223,21 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, "json")

-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080", nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", "localhost:18080")
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
+	harness.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

 func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"pki": {
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 					"srv1": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9080"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 								],
 								"handle": [
 									{
-	
+
 										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
 										"upstreams": [
 											{
@@ -317,23 +317,23 @@ func TestReverseProxyWithPlaceholderTCPDialAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, "json")

-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080", nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", harness.Tester().PortOne()), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fail()
 		return
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Caddy-Upstream-Dial", "localhost")
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
+	harness.AssertResponse(req, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		grace_period 1ns
 	}
 	http://localhost:2020 {
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	http://localhost:2021 {
 		respond "ok"
 	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
+	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		reverse_proxy {
 			to localhost:2020
-	
+
 			health_uri /health
 			health_port 2021
 			health_interval 10ms
@@ -357,14 +357,15 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	`, "caddyfile")

 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // TODO: for some reason this test seems particularly flaky, getting 503 when it should be 200, unless we wait
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.SkipNow()
 	}
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "*.sock")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create TempFile: %s", err)
@@ -395,18 +396,18 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	runtime.Gosched() // Allow other goroutines to run

-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(fmt.Sprintf(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		grace_period 1ns
 	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
+	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		reverse_proxy {
 			to unix/%s
-	
+
 			health_uri /health
 			health_port 2021
 			health_interval 2s
@@ -415,14 +416,15 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, socketName), "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target, 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.SkipNow()
 	}
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "*.sock")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create TempFile: %s", err)
@@ -453,18 +455,18 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	runtime.Gosched() // Allow other goroutines to run

-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
+	harness.LoadConfig(fmt.Sprintf(`
 	{
 		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
+		admin {$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}
+		http_port     {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE}
+		https_port    {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}
 		grace_period 1ns
 	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
+	http://localhost:{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE} {
 		reverse_proxy {
 			to unix/%s
-	
+
 			health_uri /health
 			health_interval 2s
 			health_timeout 5s
@@ -472,5 +474,5 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`, socketName), "caddyfile")

-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/", harness.Tester().PortOne()), 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package integration

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
@@ -8,20 +9,20 @@ import (

 func TestDefaultSNI(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": 9443,
+				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9443"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -102,26 +103,27 @@ func TestDefaultSNI(t *testing.T) {

 	// act and assert
 	// makes a request with no sni
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("https://127.0.0.1:9443/version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("https://127.0.0.1:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
 }

 func TestDefaultSNIWithNamedHostAndExplicitIP(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(` 
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": 9443,
+				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9443"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -206,26 +208,27 @@ func TestDefaultSNIWithNamedHostAndExplicitIP(t *testing.T) {

 	// act and assert
 	// makes a request with no sni
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("https://127.0.0.1:9443/version", 200, "hello from a")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("https://127.0.0.1:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"version", 200, "hello from a")
 }

 func TestDefaultSNIWithPortMappingOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	// arrange
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(` 
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 	{
 		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+			"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 		},
 		"apps": {
 			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-				"https_port": 9443,
+				"http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+				"https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
 				"grace_period": 1,
 				"servers": {
 					"srv0": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9443"
+							":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
 						],
 						"routes": [
 							{
@@ -282,7 +285,8 @@ func TestDefaultSNIWithPortMappingOnly(t *testing.T) {

 	// act and assert
 	// makes a request with no sni
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("https://127.0.0.1:9443/version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("https://127.0.0.1:%d/", harness.Tester().PortTwo())
+	harness.AssertGetResponse(target+"version", 200, "hello from a.caddy.localhost")
 }

 func TestHttpOnlyOnDomainWithSNI(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,21 +20,21 @@ import (

 // (see https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/3556 for use case)
 func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(` 
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
  {
 	"admin": {
-		"listen": "localhost:2999"
+		"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 	},
    "apps": {
      "http": {
-        "http_port": 9080,
-        "https_port": 9443,
-		"grace_period": 1,
+        "http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+        "https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+				"grace_period": 1,
        "servers": {
          "srv0": {
            "listen": [
-              ":9443"
+              ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
            ],
            "routes": [
              {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {

 	expectedBody := "some data to be echoed"
 	// start the server
-	server := testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t)
+	server := testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(harness, t)
 	go server.ListenAndServe()
 	defer func() {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Nanosecond)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 		Body:   io.NopCloser(r),
 		URL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "https",
-			Host:   "127.0.0.1:9443",
+			Host:   fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
 			Path:   "/tov2ray",
 		},
 		Proto:      "HTTP/2",
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 	// Disable any compression method from server.
 	req.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "identity")

-	resp := tester.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
+	resp := harness.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return
 	}
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestH2ToH2CStream(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t *testing.T) *http.Server {
+func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(harness *caddytest.TestHarness, t *testing.T) *http.Server {
 	h2s := &http2.Server{}
 	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		rstring, err := httputil.DumpRequest(r, false)
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t *testing.T) *http.Server {
 			return
 		}

-		if r.Host != "127.0.0.1:9443" {
+		if r.Host != fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()) {
 			t.Errorf("r.Host doesn't match, %v!", r.Host)
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 			return
@@ -204,28 +204,21 @@ func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t *testing.T) *http.Server {

 // (see https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/3606 for use case)
 func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(` 
+	harness := caddytest.StartHarness(t)
+	harness.LoadConfig(`
 {
 	"admin": {
-		"listen": "localhost:2999"
+		"listen": "{$TESTING_CADDY_ADMIN_BIND}"
 	},
-  "logging": {
-    "logs": {
-      "default": {
-        "level": "DEBUG"
-      }
-    }
-  },
  "apps": {
    "http": {
-      "http_port": 9080,
-      "https_port": 9443,
-	  "grace_period": 1,
+      "http_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_ONE},
+      "https_port": {$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO},
+	  	"grace_period": 1,
      "servers": {
        "srv0": {
          "listen": [
-            ":9443"
+            ":{$TESTING_CADDY_PORT_TWO}"
          ],
          "routes": [
            {
@@ -312,7 +305,7 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// start the server
-	server := testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(t)
+	server := testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(harness, t)
 	go server.ListenAndServe()
 	defer func() {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Nanosecond)
@@ -326,7 +319,7 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		Body:   io.NopCloser(r),
 		URL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "https",
-			Host:   "127.0.0.1:9443",
+			Host:   fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()),
 			Path:   "/tov2ray",
 		},
 		Proto:      "HTTP/2",
@@ -340,7 +333,7 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Fprint(w, expectedBody)
 		w.Close()
 	}()
-	resp := tester.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
+	resp := harness.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusOK)
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return
 	}
@@ -358,9 +351,9 @@ func TestH2ToH1ChunkedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(t *testing.T) *http.Server {
+func testH2ToH1ChunkedResponseServeH1(harness *caddytest.TestHarness, t *testing.T) *http.Server {
 	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.Host != "127.0.0.1:9443" {
+		if r.Host != fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", harness.Tester().PortTwo()) {
 			t.Errorf("r.Host doesn't match, %v!", r.Host)
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 			return
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-foo
-
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-foo
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package caddytest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// use the convention to replace /[certificatename].[crt|key] with the full path
+// this helps reduce the noise in test configurations and also allow this
+// to run in any path
+func prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig string) string {
+	r := matchKey.ReplaceAllString(rawConfig, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
+	r = matchCert.ReplaceAllString(r, getIntegrationDir()+"$1")
+	return r
+}
+
+func getIntegrationDir() string {
+	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(1)
+	if !ok {
+		panic("unable to determine the current file path")
+	}
+
+	return path.Dir(filename)
+}
+
+var (
+	matchKey  = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.key)`)
+	matchCert = regexp.MustCompile(`(/[\w\d\.]+\.crt)`)
+)
+
+type TestHarness struct {
+	t testing.TB
+
+	tester *Tester
+}
+
+// StartHarness creates and starts a test harness environment which spans the lifetime a single caddy instance
+// This is used for the integration tests
+func StartHarness(t *testing.T) *TestHarness {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.SkipNow()
+		return nil
+	}
+	o := &TestHarness{t: t}
+	o.init()
+	return o
+}
+
+func (tc *TestHarness) Tester() *Tester {
+	return tc.tester
+}
+
+func (tc *TestHarness) Client() *http.Client {
+	return tc.tester.Client
+}
+
+func (tc *TestHarness) LoadConfig(rawConfig, configType string) {
+	rawConfig = prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
+	err := tc.tester.LoadConfig(rawConfig, configType)
+	require.NoError(tc.t, err)
+}
+
+func (tc *TestHarness) init() {
+	// start the server
+	tester, err := NewTester()
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("Failed to create caddy tester: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	tc.tester = tester
+	err = tc.tester.LaunchCaddy()
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("Failed to launch caddy server: %s", err)
+		tc.t.FailNow()
+		return
+	}
+	// cleanup
+	tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
+		func() {
+			if tc.t.Failed() {
+				res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.tester.adminPort))
+				if err != nil {
+					tc.t.Log("unable to read the current config")
+					return
+				}
+				defer res.Body.Close()
+				body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+
+				var out bytes.Buffer
+				_ = json.Indent(&out, body, "", "  ")
+				tc.t.Logf("----------- failed with config -----------\n%s", out.String())
+			}
+		}()
+		// shutdown server after extracing the config
+		err = tc.tester.CleanupCaddy()
+		if err != nil {
+			tc.t.Errorf("failed to clean up caddy instance: %s", err)
+			tc.t.FailNow()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// AssertRedirect makes a request and asserts the redirection happens
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
+	redirectPolicyFunc := func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+	}
+
+	// using the existing client, we override the check redirect policy for this test
+	old := tc.tester.Client.CheckRedirect
+	tc.tester.Client.CheckRedirect = redirectPolicyFunc
+	defer func() { tc.tester.Client.CheckRedirect = old }()
+
+	resp, err := tc.tester.Client.Get(requestURI)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to call server %s", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", requestURI, expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	loc, err := resp.Location()
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got error: %s", requestURI, expectedToLocation, err)
+	}
+	if loc == nil && expectedToLocation != "" {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected a Location header, but didn't get one", requestURI)
+	}
+	if loc != nil {
+		if expectedToLocation != loc.String() {
+			tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected location: \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", requestURI, expectedToLocation, loc.String())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+// AssertResponseCode will execute the request and verify the status code, returns a response for additional assertions
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
+	resp, err := tc.tester.Client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("failed to call server %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if expectedStatusCode != resp.StatusCode {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected status code: %d but got %d", req.URL.RequestURI(), expectedStatusCode, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+// AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	resp := tc.AssertResponseCode(req, expectedStatusCode)
+
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	bytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to read the response body %s", err)
+	}
+
+	body := string(bytes)
+
+	if body != expectedBody {
+		tc.t.Errorf("requesting \"%s\" expected response body \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", req.RequestURI, expectedBody, body)
+	}
+
+	return resp, body
+}
+
+// Verb specific test functions
+
+// AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", requestURI, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", requestURI, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", requestURI, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+
+	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", requestURI, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+
+	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
+
+// AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
+func (tc *TestHarness) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", requestURI, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+
+	applyHeaders(tc.t, req, requestHeaders)
+
+	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
+}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )

-var defaultFactory = newRootCommandFactory(func() *cobra.Command {
+var defaultFactory = NewRootCommandFactory(func() *cobra.Command {
 	return &cobra.Command{
 		Use: "caddy",
 		Long: `Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ const fullDocsFooter = `Full documentation is available at:
 https://caddyserver.com/docs/command-line`

 func init() {
-	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-		rootCmd.SetVersionTemplate("{{.Version}}\n")
-		rootCmd.SetHelpTemplate(rootCmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+		cmd.SetVersionTemplate("{{.Version}}\n")
+		cmd.SetHelpTemplate(cmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
 	})
 }

@@ -4,22 +4,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

-type rootCommandFactory struct {
+type RootCommandFactory struct {
 	constructor func() *cobra.Command
 	options     []func(*cobra.Command)
 }

-func newRootCommandFactory(fn func() *cobra.Command) *rootCommandFactory {
-	return &rootCommandFactory{
+func NewRootCommandFactory(fn func() *cobra.Command) *RootCommandFactory {
+	return &RootCommandFactory{
 		constructor: fn,
 	}
 }

-func (f *rootCommandFactory) Use(fn func(cmd *cobra.Command)) {
+func (f *RootCommandFactory) Use(fn func(cmd *cobra.Command)) {
 	f.options = append(f.options, fn)
 }

-func (f *rootCommandFactory) Build() *cobra.Command {
+func (f *RootCommandFactory) Build() *cobra.Command {
 	o := f.constructor()
 	for _, v := range f.options {
 		v(o)
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
@@ -74,10 +75,6 @@ func cmdStart(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	// sure by giving it some random bytes and having it echo
 	// them back to us)
 	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "run", "--pingback", ln.Addr().String())
-	// we should be able to run caddy in relative paths
-	if errors.Is(cmd.Err, exec.ErrDot) {
-		cmd.Err = nil
-	}
 	if configFlag != "" {
 		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--config", configFlag)
 	}
@@ -261,6 +258,7 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {

 	// if enabled, reload config file automatically on changes
 	// (this better only be used in dev!)
+	// do not enable this during tests, it will cause leaks
 	if watchFlag {
 		go watchConfigFile(configFile, configAdapterFlag)
 	}
@@ -284,7 +282,11 @@ func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	select {}
+	if flag.Lookup("test.v") == nil || !strings.Contains(os.Args[0], ".test") {
+		select {}
+	} else {
+		return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
+	}
 }

 func cmdStop(fl Flags) (int, error) {
@@ -560,15 +562,10 @@ func cmdValidateConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {

 func cmdFmt(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	configFile := fl.Arg(0)
-	configFlag := fl.String("config")
-	if (len(fl.Args()) > 1) || (configFlag != "" && configFile != "") {
-		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("fmt does not support multiple files %s %s", configFlag, strings.Join(fl.Args(), " "))
-	}
-	if configFile == "" && configFlag == "" {
+	if configFile == "" {
 		configFile = "Caddyfile"
-	} else if configFile == "" {
-		configFile = configFlag
 	}
+
 	// as a special case, read from stdin if the file name is "-"
 	if configFile == "-" {
 		input, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
@@ -665,8 +662,6 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		parsedAddr.Host = addr
-	} else if parsedAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
-		origin = "http://127.0.0.1"
 	}

 	// form the request
@@ -674,13 +669,13 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("making request: %v", err)
 	}
-	if parsedAddr.IsUnixNetwork() || parsedAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
+	if parsedAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
 		// We used to conform to RFC 2616 Section 14.26 which requires
 		// an empty host header when there is no host, as is the case
-		// with unix sockets and socket fds. However, Go required a
-		// Host value so we used a hack of a space character as the host
-		// (it would see the Host was non-empty, then trim the space later).
-		// As of Go 1.20.6 (July 2023), this hack no longer works. See:
+		// with unix sockets. However, Go required a Host value so we
+		// used a hack of a space character as the host (it would see
+		// the Host was non-empty, then trim the space later). As of
+		// Go 1.20.6 (July 2023), this hack no longer works. See:
 		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60374
 		// See also the discussion here:
 		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61431
@@ -721,7 +716,7 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io

 	// if it didn't work, let the user know
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
-		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024*1024*2))
+		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024*10))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d: reading error message: %v", resp.StatusCode, err)
 		}
@@ -388,7 +388,6 @@ When reading from stdin, the --overwrite flag has no effect: the result
 is always printed to stdout.
 `,
 		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-			cmd.Flags().StringP("config", "c", "", "Configuration file")
 			cmd.Flags().BoolP("overwrite", "w", false, "Overwrite the input file with the results")
 			cmd.Flags().BoolP("diff", "d", false, "Print the differences between the input file and the formatted output")
 			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(cmdFmt)
@@ -410,13 +409,12 @@ latest versions. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.

 	RegisterCommand(Command{
 		Name:  "add-package",
-		Usage: "<package[@version]...>",
+		Usage: "<packages...>",
 		Short: "Adds Caddy packages (EXPERIMENTAL)",
 		Long: `
 Downloads an updated Caddy binary with the specified packages (module/plugin)
-added, with an optional version specified (e.g., "package@version"). Retains
-existing packages. Returns an error if any of the specified packages are already
-included. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
+added. Retains existing packages. Returns an error if the any of packages are
+already included. EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 `,
 		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 			cmd.Flags().BoolP("keep-backup", "k", false, "Keep the backed up binary, instead of deleting it")
@@ -440,41 +438,42 @@ EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 		},
 	})

-	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-		rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(Command{
-			Name:  "manpage",
-			Usage: "--directory <path>",
-			Short: "Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands",
-			Long: `
+	RegisterCommand(Command{
+		Name:  "manpage",
+		Usage: "--directory <path>",
+		Short: "Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands",
+		Long: `
 Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands into the designated directory
 tagged into section 8 (System Administration).

 The manual page files are generated into the directory specified by the
 argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 `,
-			CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-				cmd.Flags().StringP("directory", "o", "", "The output directory where the manpages are generated")
-				cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(func(fl Flags) (int, error) {
-					dir := strings.TrimSpace(fl.String("directory"))
-					if dir == "" {
-						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, fmt.Errorf("designated output directory and specified section are required")
-					}
-					if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
-						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
-					}
-					if err := doc.GenManTree(rootCmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
-						Title:   "Caddy",
-						Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
-					}, dir); err != nil {
-						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
-					}
-					return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
-				})
-			},
-		}))
+		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			cmd.Flags().StringP("directory", "o", "", "The output directory where the manpages are generated")
+			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(func(fl Flags) (int, error) {
+				dir := strings.TrimSpace(fl.String("directory"))
+				if dir == "" {
+					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, fmt.Errorf("designated output directory and specified section are required")
+				}
+				if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
+				}
+				ccmd := defaultFactory.Build()
+				if err := doc.GenManTree(ccmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
+					Title:   "Caddy",
+					Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
+				}, dir); err != nil {
+					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
+				}
+				return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
+			})
+		},
+	})

-		// source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/shell_completions.md
-		rootCmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
+	// source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/shell_completions.md
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(ccmd *cobra.Command) {
+		ccmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
 			Use:   "completion [bash|zsh|fish|powershell]",
 			Short: "Generate completion script",
 			Long: fmt.Sprintf(`To load completions:
@@ -515,7 +514,7 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 	  # To load completions for every new session, run:
 	  PS> %[1]s completion powershell > %[1]s.ps1
 	  # and source this file from your PowerShell profile.
-	`, rootCmd.Root().Name()),
+	`, defaultFactory.constructor().Name()),
 			DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
 			ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
 			Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
@@ -567,8 +566,8 @@ func RegisterCommand(cmd Command) {
 	if !commandNameRegex.MatchString(cmd.Name) {
 		panic("invalid command name")
 	}
-	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-		rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(ccmd *cobra.Command) {
+		ccmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
 	})
 }

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"log"
-	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -34,12 +33,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit/memlimit"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"go.uber.org/automaxprocs/maxprocs"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -69,31 +66,13 @@ func Main() {
 		os.Exit(caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup)
 	}

-	logger := caddy.Log()
-
-	// Configure the maximum number of CPUs to use to match the Linux container quota (if any)
-	// See https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#GOMAXPROCS
-	undo, err := maxprocs.Set(maxprocs.Logger(logger.Sugar().Infof))
+	undo, err := maxprocs.Set()
 	defer undo()
 	if err != nil {
 		caddy.Log().Warn("failed to set GOMAXPROCS", zap.Error(err))
 	}
-
-	// Configure the maximum memory to use to match the Linux container quota (if any) or system memory
-	// See https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/debug#SetMemoryLimit
-	_, _ = memlimit.SetGoMemLimitWithOpts(
-		memlimit.WithLogger(
-			slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
-		),
-		memlimit.WithProvider(
-			memlimit.ApplyFallback(
-				memlimit.FromCgroup,
-				memlimit.FromSystem,
-			),
-		),
-	)
-
-	if err := defaultFactory.Build().Execute(); err != nil {
+	rootCmd := defaultFactory.Build()
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		var exitError *exitError
 		if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 			os.Exit(exitError.ExitCode)
@@ -102,6 +81,18 @@ func Main() {
 	}
 }

+// MainForTesting implements the main function of the caddy command, used internally for testing
+func MainForTesting(args ...string) error {
+	// create a root command for testing which will not pollute the global namespace, and does not
+	// call os.Exit().
+	rootCmd := defaultFactory.Build()
+	rootCmd.SetArgs(args)
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // handlePingbackConn reads from conn and ensures it matches
 // the bytes in expect, or returns an error if it doesn't.
 func handlePingbackConn(conn net.Conn, expect []byte) error {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-
+			
 			name: "json is not caddyfile but not error",
 			args: args{
 				configFile:  "./Caddyfile.json",
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-
+			
 			name: "prefix of Caddyfile and ./ with any extension is Caddyfile",
 			args: args{
 				configFile:  "./Caddyfile.prd",
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-
+			
 			name: "prefix of Caddyfile without ./ with any extension is Caddyfile",
 			args: args{
 				configFile:  "Caddyfile.prd",
@@ -46,25 +46,6 @@ func cmdUpgrade(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	return upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs, fl)
 }

-func splitModule(arg string) (module, version string, err error) {
-	const versionSplit = "@"
-
-	// accommodate module paths that have @ in them, but we can only tolerate that if there's also
-	// a version, otherwise we don't know if it's a version separator or part of the file path
-	lastVersionSplit := strings.LastIndex(arg, versionSplit)
-	if lastVersionSplit < 0 {
-		module = arg
-	} else {
-		module, version = arg[:lastVersionSplit], arg[lastVersionSplit+1:]
-	}
-
-	if module == "" {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("module name is required")
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
 func cmdAddPackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	if len(fl.Args()) == 0 {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("at least one package name must be specified")
@@ -79,15 +60,10 @@ func cmdAddPackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	}

 	for _, arg := range fl.Args() {
-		module, version, err := splitModule(arg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("invalid module name: %v", err)
-		}
-		// only allow a version to be specified if it's different from the existing version
-		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[module]; ok && !(version != "" && pluginPkgs[module].Version != version) {
+		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[arg]; ok {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("package is already added")
 		}
-		pluginPkgs[module] = pluginPackage{Version: version, Path: module}
+		pluginPkgs[arg] = struct{}{}
 	}

 	return upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs, fl)
@@ -107,11 +83,7 @@ func cmdRemovePackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	}

 	for _, arg := range fl.Args() {
-		module, _, err := splitModule(arg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("invalid module name: %v", err)
-		}
-		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[module]; !ok {
+		if _, ok := pluginPkgs[arg]; !ok {
 			// package does not exist
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("package is not added")
 		}
@@ -121,7 +93,7 @@ func cmdRemovePackage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	return upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs, fl)
 }

-func upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs map[string]pluginPackage, fl Flags) (int, error) {
+func upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs map[string]struct{}, fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	l := caddy.Log()

 	thisExecPath, err := os.Executable()
@@ -148,8 +120,8 @@ func upgradeBuild(pluginPkgs map[string]pluginPackage, fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		"os":   {runtime.GOOS},
 		"arch": {runtime.GOARCH},
 	}
-	for _, pkgInfo := range pluginPkgs {
-		qs.Add("p", pkgInfo.String())
+	for pkg := range pluginPkgs {
+		qs.Add("p", pkg)
 	}

 	// initiate the build
@@ -304,14 +276,14 @@ func downloadBuild(qs url.Values) (*http.Response, error) {
 	return resp, nil
 }

-func getPluginPackages(modules []moduleInfo) (map[string]pluginPackage, error) {
-	pluginPkgs := make(map[string]pluginPackage)
+func getPluginPackages(modules []moduleInfo) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	pluginPkgs := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, mod := range modules {
 		if mod.goModule.Replace != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot auto-upgrade when Go module has been replaced: %s => %s",
 				mod.goModule.Path, mod.goModule.Replace.Path)
 		}
-		pluginPkgs[mod.goModule.Path] = pluginPackage{Version: mod.goModule.Version, Path: mod.goModule.Path}
+		pluginPkgs[mod.goModule.Path] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	return pluginPkgs, nil
 }
@@ -340,15 +312,3 @@ func writeCaddyBinary(path string, body *io.ReadCloser, fileInfo os.FileInfo) er
 }

 const downloadPath = "https://caddyserver.com/api/download"
-
-type pluginPackage struct {
-	Version string
-	Path    string
-}
-
-func (p pluginPackage) String() string {
-	if p.Version == "" {
-		return p.Path
-	}
-	return p.Path + "@" + p.Version
-}
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
@@ -191,20 +190,12 @@ func cmdExportStorage(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	for _, k := range keys {
 		info, err := stor.Stat(ctx, k)
 		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-				caddy.Log().Warn(fmt.Sprintf("key: %s removed while export is in-progress", k))
-				continue
-			}
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
 		}

 		if info.IsTerminal {
 			v, err := stor.Load(ctx, k)
 			if err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-					caddy.Log().Warn(fmt.Sprintf("key: %s removed while export is in-progress", k))
-					continue
-				}
 				return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
 			}

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"reflect"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/collectors"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"

@@ -49,7 +47,6 @@ type Context struct {
 	ancestry        []Module
 	cleanupFuncs    []func()                // invoked at every config unload
 	exitFuncs       []func(context.Context) // invoked at config unload ONLY IF the process is exiting (EXPERIMENTAL)
-	metricsRegistry *prometheus.Registry
 }

 // NewContext provides a new context derived from the given
@@ -61,7 +58,7 @@ type Context struct {
 // modules which are loaded will be properly unloaded.
 // See standard library context package's documentation.
 func NewContext(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelFunc) {
-	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module), cfg: ctx.cfg, metricsRegistry: prometheus.NewPedanticRegistry()}
+	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module), cfg: ctx.cfg}
 	c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx.Context)
 	wrappedCancel := func() {
 		cancel()
@@ -82,7 +79,6 @@ func NewContext(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelFunc) {
 		}
 	}
 	newCtx.Context = c
-	newCtx.initMetrics()
 	return newCtx, wrappedCancel
 }

@@ -101,24 +97,6 @@ func (ctx *Context) Filesystems() FileSystems {
 	return ctx.cfg.filesystems
 }

-// Returns the active metrics registry for the context
-// EXPERIMENTAL: This API is subject to change.
-func (ctx *Context) GetMetricsRegistry() *prometheus.Registry {
-	return ctx.metricsRegistry
-}
-
-func (ctx *Context) initMetrics() {
-	ctx.metricsRegistry.MustRegister(
-		collectors.NewBuildInfoCollector(),
-		collectors.NewProcessCollector(collectors.ProcessCollectorOpts{}),
-		collectors.NewGoCollector(),
-		adminMetrics.requestCount,
-		adminMetrics.requestErrors,
-		globalMetrics.configSuccess,
-		globalMetrics.configSuccessTime,
-	)
-}
-
 // OnExit executes f when the process exits gracefully.
 // The function is only executed if the process is gracefully
 // shut down while this context is active.
@@ -385,17 +363,6 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (any, error
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module value cannot be null")
 	}

-	// if this is an app module, keep a reference to it,
-	// since submodules may need to reference it during
-	// provisioning (even though the parent app module
-	// may not be fully provisioned yet; this is the case
-	// with the tls app's automation policies, which may
-	// refer to the tls app to check if a global DNS
-	// module has been configured for DNS challenges)
-	if appModule, ok := val.(App); ok {
-		ctx.cfg.apps[id] = appModule
-	}
-
 	ctx.ancestry = append(ctx.ancestry, val)

 	if prov, ok := val.(Provisioner); ok {
@@ -482,6 +449,7 @@ func (ctx Context) App(name string) (any, error) {
 	if appRaw != nil {
 		ctx.cfg.AppsRaw[name] = nil // allow GC to deallocate
 	}
+	ctx.cfg.apps[name] = modVal.(App)
 	return modVal, nil
 }

@@ -567,8 +535,12 @@ func (ctx Context) Slogger() *slog.Logger {
 	if mod == nil {
 		return slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(Log().Core(), nil))
 	}
-	return slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(ctx.cfg.Logging.Logger(mod).Core(),
-		zapslog.WithName(string(mod.CaddyModule().ID)),
+
+	return slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(
+		ctx.cfg.Logging.Logger(mod).Core(),
+		&zapslog.HandlerOptions{
+			LoggerName: string(mod.CaddyModule().ID),
+		},
 	))
 }

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//go:build !windows
-
-package caddy
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-// FastAbs is an optimized version of filepath.Abs for Unix systems,
-// since we don't expect the working directory to ever change once
-// Caddy is running. Avoid the os.Getwd() syscall overhead.
-// It's overall the same as stdlib's implementation, the difference
-// being cached working directory.
-func FastAbs(path string) (string, error) {
-	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
-		return filepath.Clean(path), nil
-	}
-	if wderr != nil {
-		return "", wderr
-	}
-	return filepath.Join(wd, path), nil
-}
-
-var wd, wderr = os.Getwd()
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package caddy
-
-import (
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-// FastAbs can't be optimized on Windows because there
-// are special file paths that require the use of syscall.FullPath
-// to handle correctly.
-// Just call stdlib's implementation which uses that function.
-func FastAbs(path string) (string, error) {
-	return filepath.Abs(path)
-}
@@ -1,17 +1,3 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
 package caddy

 import "io/fs"
@@ -1,112 +1,110 @@
 module github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2

-go 1.24
+go 1.21.0
+
+toolchain go1.22.2

 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0
-	github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.1
-	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0
-	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.15.0
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.3.2
+	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.13.0
 	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b
-	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.22.0
+	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.3
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.0
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
-	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.1
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.24.1
+	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.12
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.10
-	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.0
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7
+	github.com/mholt/acmez/v2 v2.0.1
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.50.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.44.0
 	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1
 	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.1
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20240608151842-d3f834017e53
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.8
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.1
 	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting/v2 v2.0.0-20230729083705-37449abec8cc
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.56.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.42.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.31.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.31.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.31.0
-	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.21.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.21.0
+	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20250305170421-49bf5b80c810
-	golang.org/x/net v0.37.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0
+	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.2.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595
+	golang.org/x/net v0.25.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )

 require (
-	cel.dev/expr v0.19.1 // indirect
-	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tspi v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20231212022811-ec68065c825e // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.13.2 // indirect
-	github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/go-attestation v0.4.4-0.20240109183208-413678f90935 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20231024181729-3b98ecc1ca81 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
+	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.3 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/aws v1.17.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.17.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.17.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.17.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.4.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240506185415-9bf2ced13842 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240506185236-b8a5c65736ae // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240429193739-8cf5692501f6 // indirect
 )

 require (
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
-	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/chunkreader/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgconn v1.14.3 // indirect
@@ -116,43 +114,43 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20221227161230-091c0ba34f0a // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.3 // indirect
-	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.3
+	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.63 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.1-0.20240628150027-b718e7ce4964
+	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.14 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.9 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.31.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.21.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.0.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0
 	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.20.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.67.1 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
 )
@@ -1,60 +1,43 @@
-cel.dev/expr v0.19.1 h1:NciYrtDRIR0lNCnH1LFJegdjspNx9fI59O7TWcua/W4=
-cel.dev/expr v0.19.1/go.mod h1:MrpN08Q+lEBs+bGYdLxxHkZoUSsCp0nSKTs0nTymJgw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.31.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.37.0/go.mod h1:TS1dMSSfndXH133OKGwekG838Om/cQT0BUHV3HcBgoo=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.112.1 h1:uJSeirPke5UNZHIb4SxfZklVSiWWVqW4oXlETwZziwM=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1 h1:Z7YNIhlWRtrnKlZke7z3GMqzvuYzdc2z98F9D1NV5Hg=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1/go.mod h1:QVBuVEKpCn4Zp58hzRGvL0tjRGU0YqdRTdCHM1IHnro=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.2 h1:+TTV8aXpjeChS9M+aTtN/TjdQnzJvmzKFt//oWu7HX4=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.2/go.mod h1:wcYjgpZI9+Yu7LyYBg4pqSiaRkfEK3GQcpb7C/uyF1Q=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.23.3 h1:6sVlXXBmbd7jNX0Ipq0trII3e4n1/MsADLK6a+aiVlk=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0 h1:Zr0eK8JbFv6+Wi4ilXAR8FJ3wyNdpxHKJNPos6LTZOY=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0/go.mod h1:aHnloV2TPI38yx4s9+wAZhHykWvVCfu7hQbF+9CWoiY=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.24.0 h1:phWcR2eWzRJaL/kOiJwfFsPs4BaKq1j6vnpZrc1YlVg=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 h1:Tz+eQXMEqDIKRsmY3cHTL6FVaynIjX2QxYC4trgAKZc=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
 cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.8 h1:r7umDwhj+BQyz0ScZMp4QrGXjSTI3ZINnpgU2nlB/K0=
 cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.8/go.mod h1:GvE6lyMmfxXauzNq8NbgJbeVQNspG+tcdL/W8QO1+zE=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0 h1:1yZsRPhmargZOmY+fVAh8IKiR9HzCb0U1zsxb5g2nRY=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0/go.mod h1:olQUXy2Xud+1GzYfiBO9N0RhjsJk5IJLU6n/ethLXVc=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7 h1:WLbHekDbjK1fVFD3ibpFFVoyizlLRl73I7YKuAKilhU=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7/go.mod h1:8GClkudohy1Fxm3owmBGid8W0pSgodEMwEAztp38Xng=
-dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 h1:Ra4+bf83h2ztPIQYNP99R6m+Y7KfnARDfID+a+vLl4s=
-dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1/go.mod h1:uNxQE+84aUszobStD9th8a29P2fMDhsBdgRYvZOxGmk=
-dmitri.shuralyov.com/app/changes v0.0.0-20180602232624-0a106ad413e3/go.mod h1:Yl+fi1br7+Rr3LqpNJf1/uxUdtRUV+Tnj0o93V2B9MU=
-dmitri.shuralyov.com/html/belt v0.0.0-20180602232347-f7d459c86be0/go.mod h1:JLBrvjyP0v+ecvNYvCpyZgu5/xkfAUhi6wJj28eUfSU=
-dmitri.shuralyov.com/service/change v0.0.0-20181023043359-a85b471d5412/go.mod h1:a1inKt/atXimZ4Mv927x+r7UpyzRUf4emIoiiSC2TN4=
-dmitri.shuralyov.com/state v0.0.0-20180228185332-28bcc343414c/go.mod h1:0PRwlb0D6DFvNNtx+9ybjezNCa8XF0xaYcETyp6rHWU=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
-git.apache.org/thrift.git v0.0.0-20180902110319-2566ecd5d999/go.mod h1:fPE2ZNJGynbRyZ4dJvy6G277gSllfV2HJqblrnkyeyg=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIoKjsnZuH8vjyaysT/ses3EvZeaV/1UkF2M=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.3.2 h1:o7IhLm0Msx3BaB+n3Ag7L8EVlByGnpq14C4YWiu/gL8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.3.2/go.mod h1:CxXYINrC8qIiEnFrOxCa7Jy5BFHlXnUU2pbicEuybxQ=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 h1:kuoIxZQy2WRRk1pttg9asf+WVv6tWQuBNVmK8+nqPr0=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
-github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.1 h1:QcG/0iCOLChjfUweIMC3YL5Xy9C3VBeNmCZHrZfJMBw=
-github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.1/go.mod h1:QZxpHaGOQoYvFhv/r4u3U0JTC2ZcOwbSr11UZF46UBM=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 h1:5nUrii3FMTL5diU80unEVvNevw1nH4+ZV4DSLVJLSYI=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:VPu/7SZ7ePZ3QOrcuXROw5FAcLl4a0cBrbBpGY/8hQs=
-github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 h1:B8LGeaivUe71a5qox1ICM/JLl0NqZSW5CHyL+hmvYS0=
-github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
-github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0 h1:mQh0Yrg1XPo6vjYXgtf5OtijNAKJRNcTdOOGZe3tPhs=
-github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:Zy1iXRYNqNLUolqCpL4uhk6SHUMAOSCzdgBfDb35Lz0=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0 h1:3MEsd0SM6jqZojhjLWWeBY+Kcjy9i6MQAeY7YgDP83g=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0/go.mod h1:qvl/7zhW3nngYb5+80sSMF+FG2BjYrf8m9wsX0PNOMQ=
+github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3 h1:eL2fZNezLomi0uOLqjQoN6BfsDD+fyLtgbJMAj9n6YA=
+github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3/go.mod h1:rXcFaZ2zZbLRJv/xSysmlgIM1u11eBaRMhvYXJNkGuM=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 h1:slsWYD/zyx7lCXoZVlvQrj0hPTM1HI4+v1sIda2yDvg=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0/go.mod h1:cTAf44im0RAYeL23bpB+fzCyDH2MJiz2BO69KH/soAE=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2 h1:KMrpdQIwFcEqXDklaen+P1axHaj9BSKzvpUUfnHldSE=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
-github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.11.0 h1:2Q9r3ki8+JYXvGsDyBXwH3LcJ+WK5D0gc5E8vS6K3D0=
-github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.11.0/go.mod h1:Bze95FyfUr7x34QZrjL+XP+0qgp/zg8yS+TtBj1WA3k=
+github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.6.0 h1:o3WJwILtexrEUk3cUVal3oiQY2tfgr/FHWiz/v2n4FU=
+github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.6.0/go.mod h1:Bze95FyfUr7x34QZrjL+XP+0qgp/zg8yS+TtBj1WA3k=
 github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:vf4zrexSH54oEjJ7EdB65tGNHmH3pGZmVkgTP5RHvAs=
-github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.15.0 h1:LxXTQHFoYrstG2nnV9y2X5O94sOBzf0CIUpSTbpxvMc=
-github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.15.0/go.mod h1:gUhVLrPDXPtp/f+L1jo9xepo9gL4eLwRuGAunSZMkio=
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.13.0 h1:VP72+99Fb2zEcYM0MeaWJmV+xQvz5v5cxRHd+ooU1lI=
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.13.0/go.mod h1:BUGjjsD+ndS6eX37YgTchSEG+Jg9Jv1GiZs9sqPqztk=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.0.0-20220113201626-b1b626ac65ae/go.mod h1:2kn6fqh/zIyPLmm3ugklbEi5hg5wS435eygvNfaDQL8=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0 h1:GhI2A8MACjfegCPVq9f1FLvIBS+DrQ2KQBFZP1iFzXc=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
-github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20161002113705-648efa622239/go.mod h1:2FmKhYUyUczH0OGQWaF5ceTx0UBShxjsH6f8oGKYe2c=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 h1:lxCg3LAv+EUK6t1i0y1V6/SLeUi0eKEKdhQAlS8TVTI=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0/go.mod h1:pfChB/xh/Unjila75QW7+VU4TSnWnnk9UTnmpPaOR2g=
 github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
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@@ -112,21 +93,17 @@ github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1/go.mod h1:Eh+b79XXUwfKfcPLepksvw2tcLE/Ct21YObk
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@@ -137,35 +114,27 @@ github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 h1:TRWBQg8UrlUhaFdco01nO2uXwzKS7zd+HVdw
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@@ -177,8 +146,8 @@ github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.1/go.mod h1:WYhtIu8zTZfxdn5+rREduYbwxfcBr/Vr6KE
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@@ -189,66 +158,55 @@ github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572 h1:tfuBGBXKqDEe
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 github.com/zenazn/goji v0.9.0/go.mod h1:7S9M489iMyHBNxwZnk9/EHS098H4/F6TATF2mIxtB1Q=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.9 h1:8x7aARPEXiXbHmtUwAIv7eV2fQFHrLLavdiJ3uzJXoI=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.9/go.mod h1:zaO32+Ti0PK1ivdPtgMESzuzL2VPoIG1PCQNvOdo/dE=
-go.opencensus.io v0.18.0/go.mod h1:vKdFvxhtzZ9onBp9VKHK8z/sRpBMnKAsufL7wlDrCOA=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 h1:y73uSU6J157QMP2kn2r30vwW1A2W2WFwSCGnAVxeaD0=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0/go.mod h1:vNK8G9p7aAivkbmorf4v+7Hgx+Zs0yY+0fOtgBfjQKo=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0 h1:4Pp6oUg3+e/6M4C0A/3kJ2VYa++dsWVTtGgLVj5xtHg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0/go.mod h1:Mjt1i1INqiaoZOMGR1RIUJN+i3ChKoFRqzrRQhlkbs0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.56.0 h1:UP6IpuHFkUgOQL9FFQFrZ+5LiwhhYRbi7VZSIx6Nj5s=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.56.0/go.mod h1:qxuZLtbq5QDtdeSHsS7bcf6EH6uO6jUAgk764zd3rhM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0 h1:jq9TW8u3so/bN+JPT166wjOI6/vQPF6Xe7nMNIltagk=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0/go.mod h1:p8pYQP+m5XfbZm9fxtSKAbM6oIllS7s2AfxrChvc7iw=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.42.0 h1:s2RzYOAqHVgG23q8fPWYChobUoZM6rJZ98EnylJr66w=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Mv/tWNtZn+NbALDb2XcItP0OM3lWWZjAfSroINxfW+Y=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/aws v1.17.0 h1:IX8d7l2uRw61BlmZBOTQFaK+y22j6vytMVTs9wFrO+c=
@@ -541,20 +454,20 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.17.0 h1:Zbpbmwav32Ea5jSotpmkWE
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.17.0/go.mod h1:tcTUAlmO8nuInPDSBVfG+CP6Mzjy5+gNV4mPxMbL0IA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.17.0 h1:ufo2Vsz8l76eI47jFjuVyjyB3Ae2DmfiCV/o6Vc8ii0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.17.0/go.mod h1:SbKPj5XGp8K/sGm05XblaIABgMgw2jDczP8gGeuaVLk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.31.0 h1:NsJcKPIW0D0H3NgzPDHmo0WW6SptzPdqg/L1zsIm2hY=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.31.0/go.mod h1:O0C14Yl9FgkjqcCZAsE053C13OaddMYr/hz6clDkEJE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.31.0 h1:K0XaT3DwHAcV4nKLzcQvwAgSyisUghWoY20I7huthMk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.31.0/go.mod h1:B5Ki776z/MBnVha1Nzwp5arlzBbE3+1jk+pGmaP5HME=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.31.0 h1:FFeLy03iVTXP6ffeN2iXrxfGsZGCjVx0/4KlizjyBwU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.31.0/go.mod h1:TMu73/k1CP8nBUpDLc71Wj/Kf7ZS9FK5b53VapRsP9o=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.31.0 h1:FSErL0ATQAmYHUIzSezZibnyVlft1ybhy4ozRPcF2fE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.31.0/go.mod h1:C3dEloVbLuYoX41KpmAhOqNriGbA+qqH6PQ5E5mUfnY=
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-go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
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+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 h1:CsKnnL4dUAr/0llH9FKuc698G04IrpWV0MQA/Y1YELI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0/go.mod h1:HPc3Xr/cOApsBI154IU0OI0HJexz+aw5uPdbs3UCjNU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.0.0 h1:T0TX0tmXU8a3CbNXzEKGeU5mIVOdf0oykP+u2lIVU/I=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Sy6pihPLfYHkr3NkUbEhGHFhINUSI/v80hjKIs5JXpM=
 go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 h1:55jYcsQbnArNqepZyAwcato6Zy2MoZDRkWW+jF+aPfQ=
 go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0/go.mod h1:Y/CRoWl1FVR9j+7PnAewufAwKmBOTzR6l9+7EYGAnp8=
 go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0 h1:Z0WYAaaOYrJmKP9sJkPW+6wy3pgN3Ija8ek/D4serjc=
@@ -565,12 +478,12 @@ go.uber.org/atomic v1.3.2/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.5.0/go.mod h1:sABNBOSYdrvTF6hTgEIbc7YasKWGhgEQZyfxyTvoXHQ=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.6.0/go.mod h1:sABNBOSYdrvTF6hTgEIbc7YasKWGhgEQZyfxyTvoXHQ=
-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 h1:O3y2/QNTOdbF+e/dpXNNW7Rx2hZ4sTIPyybbxyNqTUs=
-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ifeIMSnPZuznNm6jmdzmU3/bfk01Fe2fotchwEFJ8r8=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 h1:kWazyxZUrS3Gs4qUpbwo5kEIMGe/DAvi5Z4tl2NW4j8=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3/go.mod h1:eRbA25aqJrxAbsLO0xy5jVwPt7FQnRgjW+efnwa1WM0=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
-go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 h1:KAMbZvZPyBPWgD14IrIQ38QCyjwpvVVV6K/bHl1IwQU=
-go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0/go.mod h1:ge71pBPLYDk7QIi1LupWxdAykm7KIEFchiOqd6z7qMM=
+go.uber.org/mock v0.4.0 h1:VcM4ZOtdbR4f6VXfiOpwpVJDL6lCReaZ6mw31wqh7KU=
+go.uber.org/mock v0.4.0/go.mod h1:a6FSlNadKUHUa9IP5Vyt1zh4fC7uAwxMutEAscFbkZc=
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@@ -582,14 +495,10 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.10.0/go.mod h1:vwi/ZaCAaUcBkycHslxD9B2zi4UTXhF60s6SWpuDF0Q=
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-go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0 h1:6JYzdifzYkGmTdRR59oYH+Ng7k49H9qVpWwNSsGJj3U=
-go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0/go.mod h1:5I384qq7XGxYyByIhHm6jg5CHkGY0nsTfbDLgDDlgJQ=
-go4.org v0.0.0-20180809161055-417644f6feb5/go.mod h1:MkTOUMDaeVYJUOUsaDXIhWPZYa1yOyC1qaOBpL57BhE=
-golang.org/x/build v0.0.0-20190111050920-041ab4dc3f9d/go.mod h1:OWs+y06UdEOHN4y+MfF/py+xQ/tYqIWW03b70/CG9Rw=
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 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181203042331-505ab145d0a9/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190313024323-a1f597ede03a/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190411191339-88737f569e3a/go.mod h1:WFFai1msRO1wXaEeE5yQxYXgSfI8pQAWXbQop6sCtWE=
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@@ -599,67 +508,44 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201203163018-be400aefbc4c/go.mod h1:jdWPYTVW3xRLrWP
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210616213533-5ff15b29337e/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
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 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
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-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0 h1:AnAEvhDddvBdpY+uR+MyHmuZzzNqXSe/GvuDeob5L34=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Y4J0ReaxCR1IMaabaSMugxJES1EpwhBHhv2bDHklZvc=
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@@ -668,6 +554,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190813064441-fde4db37ae7a/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
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 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190513163551-3ee3066db522/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/api v0.0.0-20180910000450-7ca32eb868bf/go.mod h1:4mhQ8q/RsB7i+udVvVy5NUi08OU8ZlA0gRVgrF7VFY0=
-google.golang.org/api v0.0.0-20181030000543-1d582fd0359e/go.mod h1:4mhQ8q/RsB7i+udVvVy5NUi08OU8ZlA0gRVgrF7VFY0=
-google.golang.org/api v0.1.0/go.mod h1:UGEZY7KEX120AnNLIHFMKIo4obdJhkp2tPbaPlQx13Y=
 google.golang.org/api v0.180.0 h1:M2D87Yo0rGBPWpo1orwfCLehUUL6E7/TYe5gvMQWDh4=
 google.golang.org/api v0.180.0/go.mod h1:51AiyoEg1MJPSZ9zvklA8VnRILPXxn1iVen9v25XHAE=
-google.golang.org/appengine v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EbEs0AVv82hx2wNQdGPgUI5lhzA/G0D9YwlJXL52JkM=
-google.golang.org/appengine v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
-google.golang.org/appengine v1.3.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
-google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180831171423-11092d34479b/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20181029155118-b69ba1387ce2/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20181202183823-bd91e49a0898/go.mod h1:7Ep/1NZk928CDR8SjdVbjWNpdIf6nzjE3BTgJDr2Atg=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190306203927-b5d61aea6440/go.mod h1:VzzqZJRnGkLBvHegQrXjBqPurQTc5/KpmUdxsrq26oE=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda h1:wu/KJm9KJwpfHWhkkZGohVC6KRrc1oJNr4jwtQMOQXw=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda/go.mod h1:g2LLCvCeCSir/JJSWosk19BR4NVxGqHUC6rxIRsd7Aw=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9 h1:T6rh4haD3GVYsgEfWExoCZA2o2FmbNyKpTuAxbEFPTg=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9/go.mod h1:wp2WsuBYj6j8wUdo3ToZsdxxixbvQNAHqVJrTgi5E5M=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9 h1:QCqS/PdaHTSWGvupk2F/ehwHtGc0/GYkT+3GAcR1CCc=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241007155032-5fefd90f89a9/go.mod h1:GX3210XPVPUjJbTUbvwI8f2IpZDMZuPJWDzDuebbviI=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.14.0/go.mod h1:yo6s7OP7yaDglbqo1J04qKzAhqBH6lvTonzMVmEdcZw=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.16.0/go.mod h1:0JHn/cJsOMiMfNA9+DeHDlAU7KAAB5GDlYFpa9MZMio=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.17.0/go.mod h1:6QZJwpn2B+Zp71q/5VxRsJ6NXXVCE5NRUHRo+f3cWCs=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.67.1 h1:zWnc1Vrcno+lHZCOofnIMvycFcc0QRGIzm9dhnDX68E=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.67.1/go.mod h1:1gLDyUQU7CTLJI90u3nXZ9ekeghjeM7pTDZlqFNg2AA=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 h1:m3LfL6/Ca+fqnjnlqQXNpFPABW1UD7mjh8KO2mKFytA=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240506185236-b8a5c65736ae h1:AH34z6WAGVNkllnKs5raNq3yRq93VnjBG6rpfub/jYk=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240506185236-b8a5c65736ae/go.mod h1:FfiGhwUm6CJviekPrc0oJ+7h29e+DmWU6UtjX0ZvI7Y=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240429193739-8cf5692501f6 h1:DujSIu+2tC9Ht0aPNA7jgj23Iq8Ewi5sgkQ++wdvonE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240429193739-8cf5692501f6/go.mod h1:WtryC6hu0hhx87FDGxWCDptyssuo68sk10vYjF+T9fY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 h1:MUeiw1B2maTVZthpU5xvASfTh3LDbxHd6IJ6QQVU+xM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2/go.mod h1:WAX/8DgncnokcFUldAxq7GeB5DXHDbMF+lLvDomNkRA=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1 h1:9ddQBjfCyZPOHPUiPxpYESBLc+T8P3E+Vo4IbKZgFWg=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1/go.mod h1:c6P6GXX6sHbq/GpV6MGZEdwhWPcYBgnhAHhKbcUYpos=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -762,22 +629,16 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntN
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
 gopkg.in/inconshreveable/log15.v2 v2.0.0-20180818164646-67afb5ed74ec/go.mod h1:aPpfJ7XW+gOuirDoZ8gHhLh3kZ1B08FtV2bbmy7Jv3s=
-gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1/go.mod h1:cWUDdTG/fYaXco+Dcufb5Vnc6Gp2YChqWtbxRZE0mXw=
 gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 h1:bBRl1b0OH9s/DuPhuXpNl+VtCaJXFZ5/uEFST95x9zc=
 gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:YD8tP3GAjkrDg1eZH7EGmyESg/lsYskCTPBJVb9jqSc=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0/go.mod h1:WDnlLJ4WF5VGsH/HVa3CI79GS0ol3YnhVnKP89i0kNg=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-grpc.go4.org v0.0.0-20170609214715-11d0a25b4919/go.mod h1:77eQGdRu53HpSqPFJFmuJdjuHRquDANNeA4x7B8WQ9o=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20180728063816-88497007e858/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0 h1:7CrbWYbPPO/PyNy38b2EB/+gYbjCe2DXBxgtOOZbSQM=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
-sourcegraph.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.5.0/go.mod h1:kuch7UrkMzY0X+p9CRK03kfuPQ2zzQcaEFbx8wA8rck=
-sourcegraph.com/sqs/pbtypes v0.0.0-20180604144634-d3ebe8f20ae4/go.mod h1:ketZ/q3QxT9HOBeFhu6RdvsftgpsbFHBF5Cas6cDKZ0=
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-// PrivateRangesCIDR returns a list of private CIDR range
-// strings, which can be used as a configuration shortcut.
-func PrivateRangesCIDR() []string {
-	return []string{
-		"192.168.0.0/16",
-		"172.16.0.0/12",
-		"10.0.0.0/8",
-		"127.0.0.1/8",
-		"fd00::/8",
-		"::1",
-	}
-}
@@ -18,11 +18,7 @@ package caddy

 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"os"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -30,54 +26,15 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )

-func reuseUnixSocket(_, _ string) (any, error) {
+func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }

 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
-	var socketFile *os.File
-
-	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
-	if fd {
-		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		func() {
-			socketFilesMu.Lock()
-			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()
-
-			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
-			var ok bool
-
-			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]
-
-			if !ok {
-				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
-				if socketFile != nil {
-					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-
-		if socketFile == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
-		}
-	}
-
-	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
-	if datagram {
+	switch network {
+	case "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram":
 		sharedPc, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
-			var (
-				pc  net.PacketConn
-				err error
-			)
-			if fd {
-				pc, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
-			} else {
-				pc, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
-			}
+			pc, err := config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -87,27 +44,20 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return &fakeClosePacketConn{sharedPacketConn: sharedPc.(*sharedPacketConn)}, nil
-	}

-	sharedLn, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
-		var (
-			ln  net.Listener
-			err error
-		)
-		if fd {
-			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
-		} else {
-			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
-		}
+	default:
+		sharedLn, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
+			ln, err := config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return &sharedListener{Listener: ln, key: lnKey}, nil
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		return &sharedListener{Listener: ln, key: lnKey}, nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return &fakeCloseListener{sharedListener: sharedLn.(*sharedListener), keepAlivePeriod: config.KeepAlive}, nil
 	}
-	return &fakeCloseListener{sharedListener: sharedLn.(*sharedListener), keepAlivePeriod: config.KeepAlive}, nil
 }

 // fakeCloseListener is a private wrapper over a listener that
@@ -310,9 +260,3 @@ var (
 		Unwrap() net.PacketConn
 	}) = (*fakeClosePacketConn)(nil)
 )
-
-// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
-var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}
-
-// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
-var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex
@@ -22,14 +22,10 @@ package caddy
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"net"
 	"os"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"

@@ -38,9 +34,12 @@ import (
 )

 // reuseUnixSocket copies and reuses the unix domain socket (UDS) if we already
-// have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it.
-// No-op if not a unix network.
+// have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it. No-op if not a unix network.
 func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
+	if !IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
 	socketKey := listenerKey(network, addr)

 	socket, exists := unixSockets[socketKey]
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			atomic.AddInt32(unixSocket.count, 1)
-			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), socketKey, unixSocket.count}
+			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), addr, socketKey, unixSocket.count}
 		}

 		return unixSockets[socketKey], nil
@@ -90,107 +89,56 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }

-// listenReusable creates a new listener for the given network and address, and adds it to listenerPool.
 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
+	// wrap any Control function set by the user so we can also add our reusePort control without clobbering theirs
+	oldControl := config.Control
+	config.Control = func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+		if oldControl != nil {
+			if err := oldControl(network, address, c); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return reusePort(network, address, c)
+	}
+
 	// even though SO_REUSEPORT lets us bind the socket multiple times,
 	// we still put it in the listenerPool so we can count how many
 	// configs are using this socket; necessary to ensure we can know
 	// whether to enforce shutdown delays, for example (see #5393).
-	var (
-		ln         io.Closer
-		err        error
-		socketFile *os.File
-	)
-
-	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
-	if fd {
-		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		func() {
-			socketFilesMu.Lock()
-			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()
-
-			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
-			var ok bool
-
-			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]
-
-			if !ok {
-				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
-				if socketFile != nil {
-					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-
-		if socketFile == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
-		}
-	} else {
-		// wrap any Control function set by the user so we can also add our reusePort control without clobbering theirs
-		oldControl := config.Control
-		config.Control = func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
-			if oldControl != nil {
-				if err := oldControl(network, address, c); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			return reusePort(network, address, c)
-		}
+	var ln io.Closer
+	var err error
+	switch network {
+	case "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram":
+		ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
+	default:
+		ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
 	}
-
-	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
-	if datagram {
-		if fd {
-			ln, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
-		} else {
-			ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
-		}
-	} else {
-		if fd {
-			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
-		} else {
-			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
-		}
-	}
-
 	if err == nil {
 		listenerPool.LoadOrStore(lnKey, nil)
 	}

-	if datagram {
-		if !fd {
-			// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener, so...
-			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
-				one := int32(1)
-				ln = &unixConn{unix, lnKey, &one}
-				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
-			}
-		}
-		// lightly wrap the connection so that when it is closed,
-		// we can decrement the usage pool counter
-		if specificLn, ok := ln.(net.PacketConn); ok {
-			ln = deletePacketConn{specificLn, lnKey}
-		}
-	} else {
-		if !fd {
-			// if new listener is a unix socket, make sure we can reuse it later
-			// (we do our own "unlink on close" -- not required, but more tidy)
-			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixListener); ok {
-				unix.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
-				one := int32(1)
-				ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, &one}
-				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixListener)
-			}
-		}
-		// lightly wrap the listener so that when it is closed,
-		// we can decrement the usage pool counter
-		if specificLn, ok := ln.(net.Listener); ok {
-			ln = deleteListener{specificLn, lnKey}
-		}
+	// if new listener is a unix socket, make sure we can reuse it later
+	// (we do our own "unlink on close" -- not required, but more tidy)
+	one := int32(1)
+	if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixListener); ok {
+		unix.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
+		ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, &one}
+		unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixListener)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener in listen_unix.go, so...
+	if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+		ln = &unixConn{unix, address, lnKey, &one}
+		unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
+	}
+
+	// lightly wrap the listener so that when it is closed,
+	// we can decrement the usage pool counter
+	switch specificLn := ln.(type) {
+	case net.Listener:
+		return deleteListener{specificLn, lnKey}, err
+	case net.PacketConn:
+		return deletePacketConn{specificLn, lnKey}, err
 	}

 	// other types, I guess we just return them directly
@@ -222,18 +170,12 @@ type unixListener struct {
 func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
 	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uln.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
-		file, err := uln.File()
-		var name string
-		if err == nil {
-			name = file.Name()
-		}
 		defer func() {
+			addr := uln.Addr().String()
 			unixSocketsMu.Lock()
 			delete(unixSockets, uln.mapKey)
 			unixSocketsMu.Unlock()
-			if err == nil {
-				_ = syscall.Unlink(name)
-			}
+			_ = syscall.Unlink(addr)
 		}()
 	}
 	return uln.UnixListener.Close()
@@ -241,25 +183,19 @@ func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {

 type unixConn struct {
 	*net.UnixConn
-	mapKey string
-	count  *int32 // accessed atomically
+	filename string
+	mapKey   string
+	count    *int32 // accessed atomically
 }

 func (uc *unixConn) Close() error {
 	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uc.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
-		file, err := uc.File()
-		var name string
-		if err == nil {
-			name = file.Name()
-		}
 		defer func() {
 			unixSocketsMu.Lock()
 			delete(unixSockets, uc.mapKey)
 			unixSocketsMu.Unlock()
-			if err == nil {
-				_ = syscall.Unlink(name)
-			}
+			_ = syscall.Unlink(uc.filename)
 		}()
 	}
 	return uc.UnixConn.Close()
@@ -275,12 +211,6 @@ var unixSockets = make(map[string]interface {
 	File() (*os.File, error)
 })

-// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
-var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}
-
-// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
-var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex
-
 // deleteListener is a type that simply deletes itself
 // from the listenerPool when it closes. It is used
 // solely for the purpose of reference counting (i.e.
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
-	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlog"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"

@@ -58,9 +57,11 @@ type NetworkAddress struct {
 	EndPort   uint
 }

-// ListenAll calls Listen for all addresses represented by this struct, i.e. all ports in the range.
+// ListenAll calls Listen() for all addresses represented by this struct, i.e. all ports in the range.
 // (If the address doesn't use ports or has 1 port only, then only 1 listener will be created.)
 // It returns an error if any listener failed to bind, and closes any listeners opened up to that point.
+//
+// TODO: Experimental API: subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig) ([]any, error) {
 	var listeners []any
 	var err error
@@ -106,8 +107,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig)
 // portOffset to the start port. (For network types that do not use ports, the
 // portOffset is ignored.)
 //
-// First Listen checks if a plugin can provide a listener from this address. Otherwise,
-// the provided ListenConfig is used to create the listener. Its Control function,
+// The provided ListenConfig is used to create the listener. Its Control function,
 // if set, may be wrapped by an internally-used Control function. The provided
 // context may be used to cancel long operations early. The context is not used
 // to close the listener after it has been created.
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig)
 // Unix sockets will be unlinked before being created, to ensure we can bind to
 // it even if the previous program using it exited uncleanly; it will also be
 // unlinked upon a graceful exit (or when a new config does not use that socket).
-// Listen synchronizes binds to unix domain sockets to avoid race conditions
-// while an existing socket is unlinked.
+//
+// TODO: Experimental API: subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
 		unixSocketsMu.Lock()
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net
 	}

 	// check to see if plugin provides listener
-	if ln, err := getListenerFromPlugin(ctx, na.Network, na.Host, na.port(), portOffset, config); ln != nil || err != nil {
+	if ln, err := getListenerFromPlugin(ctx, na.Network, na.JoinHostPort(portOffset), config); ln != nil || err != nil {
 		return ln, err
 	}

@@ -149,53 +149,54 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net

 func (na NetworkAddress) listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	var (
-		ln           any
-		err          error
-		address      string
-		unixFileMode fs.FileMode
+		ln                   any
+		err                  error
+		address              string
+		unixFileMode         fs.FileMode
+		isAbstractUnixSocket bool
 	)

 	// split unix socket addr early so lnKey
 	// is independent of permissions bits
 	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+		var err error
 		address, unixFileMode, err = internal.SplitUnixSocketPermissionsBits(na.Host)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-	} else if na.IsFdNetwork() {
-		address = na.Host
+		isAbstractUnixSocket = strings.HasPrefix(address, "@")
 	} else {
 		address = na.JoinHostPort(portOffset)
 	}

+	// if this is a unix socket, see if we already have it open,
+	// force socket permissions on it and return early
+	if socket, err := reuseUnixSocket(na.Network, address); socket != nil || err != nil {
+		if !isAbstractUnixSocket {
+			if err := os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set permissions (%s) on %s: %v", unixFileMode, address, err)
+			}
+		}
+		return socket, err
+	}
+
+	lnKey := listenerKey(na.Network, address)
+
 	if strings.HasPrefix(na.Network, "ip") {
 		ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, na.Network, address)
 	} else {
-		if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
-			// if this is a unix socket, see if we already have it open
-			ln, err = reuseUnixSocket(na.Network, address)
-		}
-
-		if ln == nil && err == nil {
-			// otherwise, create a new listener
-			lnKey := listenerKey(na.Network, address)
-			ln, err = listenReusable(ctx, lnKey, na.Network, address, config)
-		}
+		ln, err = listenReusable(ctx, lnKey, na.Network, address, config)
 	}
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	if ln == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported network type: %s", na.Network)
 	}

 	if IsUnixNetwork(na.Network) {
-		isAbstractUnixSocket := strings.HasPrefix(address, "@")
 		if !isAbstractUnixSocket {
-			err = os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode)
-			if err != nil {
+			if err := os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode); err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set permissions (%s) on %s: %v", unixFileMode, address, err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -210,22 +211,18 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) IsUnixNetwork() bool {
 	return IsUnixNetwork(na.Network)
 }

-// IsUnixNetwork returns true if na.Network is
-// fd or fdgram.
-func (na NetworkAddress) IsFdNetwork() bool {
-	return IsFdNetwork(na.Network)
-}
-
 // JoinHostPort is like net.JoinHostPort, but where the port
 // is StartPort + offset.
 func (na NetworkAddress) JoinHostPort(offset uint) string {
-	if na.IsUnixNetwork() || na.IsFdNetwork() {
+	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
 		return na.Host
 	}
-	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(na.StartPort+offset), 10))
+	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(na.StartPort+offset)))
 }

 // Expand returns one NetworkAddress for each port in the port range.
+//
+// This is EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) Expand() []NetworkAddress {
 	size := na.PortRangeSize()
 	addrs := make([]NetworkAddress, size)
@@ -256,7 +253,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) PortRangeSize() uint {
 }

 func (na NetworkAddress) isLoopback() bool {
-	if na.IsUnixNetwork() || na.IsFdNetwork() {
+	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
 		return true
 	}
 	if na.Host == "localhost" {
@@ -300,11 +297,6 @@ func IsUnixNetwork(netw string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "unix")
 }

-// IsFdNetwork returns true if the netw is a fd network.
-func IsFdNetwork(netw string) bool {
-	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "fd")
-}
-
 // ParseNetworkAddress parses addr into its individual
 // components. The input string is expected to be of
 // the form "network/host:port-range" where any part is
@@ -335,12 +327,6 @@ func ParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(addr, defaultNetwork string, defaultPort ui
 			Host:    host,
 		}, err
 	}
-	if IsFdNetwork(network) {
-		return NetworkAddress{
-			Network: network,
-			Host:    host,
-		}, nil
-	}
 	var start, end uint64
 	if port == "" {
 		start = uint64(defaultPort)
@@ -380,28 +366,25 @@ func SplitNetworkAddress(a string) (network, host, port string, err error) {
 	if slashFound {
 		network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(beforeSlash))
 		a = afterSlash
-		if IsUnixNetwork(network) || IsFdNetwork(network) {
-			host = a
-			return
-		}
 	}
-
+	if IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+		host = a
+		return
+	}
 	host, port, err = net.SplitHostPort(a)
-	firstErr := err
-
-	if err != nil {
-		// in general, if there was an error, it was likely "missing port",
-		// so try removing square brackets around an IPv6 host, adding a bogus
-		// port to take advantage of standard library's robust parser, then
-		// strip the artificial port.
-		host, _, err = net.SplitHostPort(net.JoinHostPort(strings.Trim(a, "[]"), "0"))
+	if err == nil || a == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	// in general, if there was an error, it was likely "missing port",
+	// so try adding a bogus port to take advantage of standard library's
+	// robust parser, then strip the artificial port before returning
+	// (don't overwrite original error though; might still be relevant)
+	var err2 error
+	host, port, err2 = net.SplitHostPort(a + ":0")
+	if err2 == nil {
+		err = nil
 		port = ""
 	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		err = errors.Join(firstErr, err)
-	}
-
 	return
 }

@@ -415,7 +398,7 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	if network != "" {
 		a = network + "/"
 	}
-	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) || IsFdNetwork(network) {
+	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) {
 		a += host
 	} else if port != "" {
 		a += net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
@@ -423,11 +406,9 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	return a
 }

-// ListenQUIC returns a http3.QUICEarlyListener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
-//
-// The network will be transformed into a QUIC-compatible type if the same address can be used with
-// different networks. Currently this just means that for tcp, udp will be used with the same
-// address instead.
+// ListenQUIC returns a quic.EarlyListener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
+// The network will be transformed into a QUIC-compatible type (if unix, then
+// unixgram will be used; otherwise, udp will be used).
 //
 // NOTE: This API is EXPERIMENTAL and may be changed or removed.
 func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig, tlsConf *tls.Config) (http3.QUICEarlyListener, error) {
@@ -462,13 +443,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config
 			Conn:                h3ln,
 			VerifySourceAddress: func(addr net.Addr) bool { return !limiter.Allow() },
 		}
-		earlyLn, err := tr.ListenEarly(
-			http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(quicTlsConfig),
-			&quic.Config{
-				Allow0RTT: true,
-				Tracer:    qlog.DefaultConnectionTracer,
-			},
-		)
+		earlyLn, err := tr.ListenEarly(http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(quicTlsConfig), &quic.Config{Allow0RTT: true})
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -641,8 +616,7 @@ func RegisterNetwork(network string, getListener ListenerFunc) {
 	if network == "tcp" || network == "tcp4" || network == "tcp6" ||
 		network == "udp" || network == "udp4" || network == "udp6" ||
 		network == "unix" || network == "unixpacket" || network == "unixgram" ||
-		strings.HasPrefix("ip:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip4:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip6:", network) ||
-		network == "fd" || network == "fdgram" {
+		strings.HasPrefix("ip:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip4:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip6:", network) {
 		panic("network type " + network + " is reserved")
 	}

@@ -658,11 +632,11 @@ var unixSocketsMu sync.Mutex
 // getListenerFromPlugin returns a listener on the given network and address
 // if a plugin has registered the network name. It may return (nil, nil) if
 // no plugin can provide a listener.
-func getListenerFromPlugin(ctx context.Context, network, host, port string, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
+func getListenerFromPlugin(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	// get listener from plugin if network type is registered
 	if getListener, ok := networkTypes[network]; ok {
 		Log().Debug("getting listener from plugin", zap.String("network", network))
-		return getListener(ctx, network, host, port, portOffset, config)
+		return getListener(ctx, network, addr, config)
 	}

 	return nil, nil
@@ -676,7 +650,7 @@ func listenerKey(network, addr string) string {
 // The listeners must be capable of overlapping: with Caddy, new configs are loaded
 // before old ones are unloaded, so listeners may overlap briefly if the configs
 // both need the same listener. EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change.
-type ListenerFunc func(ctx context.Context, network, host, portRange string, portOffset uint, cfg net.ListenConfig) (any, error)
+type ListenerFunc func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, cfg net.ListenConfig) (any, error)

 var networkTypes = map[string]ListenerFunc{}

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestSplitNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			input:     "",
-			expectHost: "",
+			expectErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "foo",
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestSplitNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			input:     "::",
-			expectHost: "::",
+			expectErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "[::]",
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func TestSplitNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			input:         "udp/",
 			expectNetwork: "udp",
-			expectHost:    "",
+			expectErr:     true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:         "unix//foo/bar",
@@ -185,8 +185,7 @@ func TestParseNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			input:     "",
-			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
-			},
+			expectErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:          ":",
@@ -312,8 +311,7 @@ func TestParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			input:     "",
-			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
-			},
+			expectErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			input:          ":",
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package caddy

 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
@@ -699,7 +700,13 @@ type defaultCustomLog struct {
 // and enables INFO-level logs and higher.
 func newDefaultProductionLog() (*defaultCustomLog, error) {
 	cl := new(CustomLog)
-	cl.writerOpener = StderrWriter{}
+	f := flag.Lookup("test.v")
+	if (f != nil && f.Value.String() != "true") || strings.Contains(os.Args[0], ".test") {
+		cl.writerOpener = &DiscardWriter{}
+	} else {
+		cl.writerOpener = StderrWriter{}
+	}
+
 	var err error
 	cl.writer, err = cl.writerOpener.OpenWriter()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -4,33 +4,30 @@ import (
 	"net/http"

 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/collectors"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal/metrics"
 )

 // define and register the metrics used in this package.
 func init() {
+	prometheus.MustRegister(collectors.NewBuildInfoCollector())
+
 	const ns, sub = "caddy", "admin"
-	adminMetrics.requestCount = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+
+	adminMetrics.requestCount = promauto.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
 		Namespace: ns,
 		Subsystem: sub,
 		Name:      "http_requests_total",
 		Help:      "Counter of requests made to the Admin API's HTTP endpoints.",
 	}, []string{"handler", "path", "code", "method"})
-	adminMetrics.requestErrors = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+	adminMetrics.requestErrors = promauto.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
 		Namespace: ns,
 		Subsystem: sub,
 		Name:      "http_request_errors_total",
 		Help:      "Number of requests resulting in middleware errors.",
 	}, []string{"handler", "path", "method"})
-	globalMetrics.configSuccess = prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-		Name: "caddy_config_last_reload_successful",
-		Help: "Whether the last configuration reload attempt was successful.",
-	})
-	globalMetrics.configSuccessTime = prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-		Name: "caddy_config_last_reload_success_timestamp_seconds",
-		Help: "Timestamp of the last successful configuration reload.",
-	})
 }

 // adminMetrics is a collection of metrics that can be tracked for the admin API.
@@ -39,12 +36,6 @@ var adminMetrics = struct {
 	requestErrors *prometheus.CounterVec
 }{}

-// globalMetrics is a collection of metrics that can be tracked for Caddy global state
-var globalMetrics = struct {
-	configSuccess     prometheus.Gauge
-	configSuccessTime prometheus.Gauge
-}{}
-
 // Similar to promhttp.InstrumentHandlerCounter, but upper-cases method names
 // instead of lower-casing them.
 //
@@ -124,19 +124,18 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	app.subscriptions = make(map[string]map[caddy.ModuleID][]Handler)

 	for _, sub := range app.Subscriptions {
-		if sub.HandlersRaw == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		handlersIface, err := ctx.LoadModule(sub, "HandlersRaw")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("loading event subscriber modules: %v", err)
-		}
-		for _, h := range handlersIface.([]any) {
-			sub.Handlers = append(sub.Handlers, h.(Handler))
-		}
-		if len(sub.Handlers) == 0 {
-			// pointless to bind without any handlers
-			return fmt.Errorf("no handlers defined")
+		if sub.HandlersRaw != nil {
+			handlersIface, err := ctx.LoadModule(sub, "HandlersRaw")
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("loading event subscriber modules: %v", err)
+			}
+			for _, h := range handlersIface.([]any) {
+				sub.Handlers = append(sub.Handlers, h.(Handler))
+			}
+			if len(sub.Handlers) == 0 {
+				// pointless to bind without any handlers
+				return fmt.Errorf("no handlers defined")
+			}
 		}
 	}

@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ func (app *App) Emit(ctx caddy.Context, eventName string, data map[string]any) E
 		return nil, false
 	})

-	logger = logger.WithLazy(zap.Any("data", e.Data))
+	logger = logger.With(zap.Any("data", e.Data))

 	logger.Debug("event")

@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@
 package caddyhttp

 import (
-	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
-	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
@@ -143,10 +141,6 @@ type App struct {
 	// affect functionality.
 	Servers map[string]*Server `json:"servers,omitempty"`

-	// If set, metrics observations will be enabled.
-	// This setting is EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change.
-	Metrics *Metrics `json:"metrics,omitempty"`
-
 	ctx    caddy.Context
 	logger *zap.Logger
 	tlsApp *caddytls.TLS
@@ -189,10 +183,6 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	if app.Metrics != nil {
-		app.Metrics.init = sync.Once{}
-		app.Metrics.httpMetrics = &httpMetrics{}
-	}
 	// prepare each server
 	oldContext := ctx.Context
 	for srvName, srv := range app.Servers {
@@ -205,15 +195,6 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		srv.errorLogger = app.logger.Named("log.error")
 		srv.shutdownAtMu = new(sync.RWMutex)

-		if srv.Metrics != nil {
-			srv.logger.Warn("per-server 'metrics' is deprecated; use 'metrics' in the root 'http' app instead")
-			app.Metrics = cmp.Or[*Metrics](app.Metrics, &Metrics{
-				init:        sync.Once{},
-				httpMetrics: &httpMetrics{},
-			})
-			app.Metrics.PerHost = app.Metrics.PerHost || srv.Metrics.PerHost
-		}
-
 		// only enable access logs if configured
 		if srv.Logs != nil {
 			srv.accessLogger = app.logger.Named("log.access")
@@ -222,73 +203,15 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 			}
 		}

-		// if no protocols configured explicitly, enable all except h2c
-		if len(srv.Protocols) == 0 {
-			srv.Protocols = []string{"h1", "h2", "h3"}
-		}
-
-		srvProtocolsUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
-		for _, srvProtocol := range srv.Protocols {
-			srvProtocolsUnique[srvProtocol] = struct{}{}
-		}
-		_, h1ok := srvProtocolsUnique["h1"]
-		_, h2ok := srvProtocolsUnique["h2"]
-		_, h2cok := srvProtocolsUnique["h2c"]
-
 		// the Go standard library does not let us serve only HTTP/2 using
 		// http.Server; we would probably need to write our own server
-		if !h1ok && (h2ok || h2cok) {
+		if !srv.protocol("h1") && (srv.protocol("h2") || srv.protocol("h2c")) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("server %s: cannot enable HTTP/2 or H2C without enabling HTTP/1.1; add h1 to protocols or remove h2/h2c", srvName)
 		}

-		if srv.ListenProtocols != nil {
-			if len(srv.ListenProtocols) != len(srv.Listen) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("server %s: listener protocols count does not match address count: %d != %d",
-					srvName, len(srv.ListenProtocols), len(srv.Listen))
-			}
-
-			for i, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
-				if lnProtocols != nil {
-					// populate empty listen protocols with server protocols
-					lnProtocolsDefault := false
-					var lnProtocolsInclude []string
-					srvProtocolsInclude := maps.Clone(srvProtocolsUnique)
-
-					// keep existing listener protocols unless they are empty
-					for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
-						if lnProtocol == "" {
-							lnProtocolsDefault = true
-						} else {
-							lnProtocolsInclude = append(lnProtocolsInclude, lnProtocol)
-							delete(srvProtocolsInclude, lnProtocol)
-						}
-					}
-
-					// append server protocols to listener protocols if any listener protocols were empty
-					if lnProtocolsDefault {
-						for _, srvProtocol := range srv.Protocols {
-							if _, ok := srvProtocolsInclude[srvProtocol]; ok {
-								lnProtocolsInclude = append(lnProtocolsInclude, srvProtocol)
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					lnProtocolsIncludeUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
-					for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocolsInclude {
-						lnProtocolsIncludeUnique[lnProtocol] = struct{}{}
-					}
-					_, h1ok := lnProtocolsIncludeUnique["h1"]
-					_, h2ok := lnProtocolsIncludeUnique["h2"]
-					_, h2cok := lnProtocolsIncludeUnique["h2c"]
-
-					// check if any listener protocols contain h2 or h2c without h1
-					if !h1ok && (h2ok || h2cok) {
-						return fmt.Errorf("server %s, listener %d: cannot enable HTTP/2 or H2C without enabling HTTP/1.1; add h1 to protocols or remove h2/h2c", srvName, i)
-					}
-
-					srv.ListenProtocols[i] = lnProtocolsInclude
-				}
-			}
+		// if no protocols configured explicitly, enable all except h2c
+		if len(srv.Protocols) == 0 {
+			srv.Protocols = []string{"h1", "h2", "h3"}
 		}

 		// if not explicitly configured by the user, disallow TLS
@@ -360,11 +283,12 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 				srv.listenerWrappers = append([]caddy.ListenerWrapper{new(tlsPlaceholderWrapper)}, srv.listenerWrappers...)
 			}
 		}
+
 		// pre-compile the primary handler chain, and be sure to wrap it in our
 		// route handler so that important security checks are done, etc.
 		primaryRoute := emptyHandler
 		if srv.Routes != nil {
-			err := srv.Routes.ProvisionHandlers(ctx, app.Metrics)
+			err := srv.Routes.ProvisionHandlers(ctx, srv.Metrics)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("server %s: setting up route handlers: %v", srvName, err)
 			}
@@ -383,7 +307,7 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {

 		// provision the named routes (they get compiled at runtime)
 		for name, route := range srv.NamedRoutes {
-			err := route.Provision(ctx, app.Metrics)
+			err := route.Provision(ctx, srv.Metrics)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("server %s: setting up named route '%s' handlers: %v", name, srvName, err)
 			}
@@ -401,9 +325,6 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		if srv.IdleTimeout == 0 {
 			srv.IdleTimeout = defaultIdleTimeout
 		}
-		if srv.ReadHeaderTimeout == 0 {
-			srv.ReadHeaderTimeout = defaultReadHeaderTimeout // see #6663
-		}
 	}
 	ctx.Context = oldContext
 	return nil
@@ -423,7 +344,7 @@ func (app *App) Validate() error {
 			// check that every address in the port range is unique to this server;
 			// we do not use <= here because PortRangeSize() adds 1 to EndPort for us
 			for i := uint(0); i < listenAddr.PortRangeSize(); i++ {
-				addr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(listenAddr.Network, listenAddr.Host, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(listenAddr.StartPort+i), 10))
+				addr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(listenAddr.Network, listenAddr.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(listenAddr.StartPort+i)))
 				if sn, ok := lnAddrs[addr]; ok {
 					return fmt.Errorf("server %s: listener address repeated: %s (already claimed by server '%s')", srvName, addr, sn)
 				}
@@ -501,130 +422,99 @@ func (app *App) Start() error {
 			srv.server.Handler = h2c.NewHandler(srv, h2server)
 		}

-		for lnIndex, lnAddr := range srv.Listen {
+		for _, lnAddr := range srv.Listen {
 			listenAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(lnAddr)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%s: parsing listen address '%s': %v", srvName, lnAddr, err)
 			}
-
 			srv.addresses = append(srv.addresses, listenAddr)

-			protocols := srv.Protocols
-			if srv.ListenProtocols != nil && srv.ListenProtocols[lnIndex] != nil {
-				protocols = srv.ListenProtocols[lnIndex]
-			}
-
-			protocolsUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
-			for _, protocol := range protocols {
-				protocolsUnique[protocol] = struct{}{}
-			}
-			_, h1ok := protocolsUnique["h1"]
-			_, h2ok := protocolsUnique["h2"]
-			_, h2cok := protocolsUnique["h2c"]
-			_, h3ok := protocolsUnique["h3"]
-
 			for portOffset := uint(0); portOffset < listenAddr.PortRangeSize(); portOffset++ {
+				// create the listener for this socket
 				hostport := listenAddr.JoinHostPort(portOffset)
+				lnAny, err := listenAddr.Listen(app.ctx, portOffset, net.ListenConfig{KeepAlive: time.Duration(srv.KeepAliveInterval)})
+				if err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("listening on %s: %v", listenAddr.At(portOffset), err)
+				}
+				ln := lnAny.(net.Listener)
+
+				// wrap listener before TLS (up to the TLS placeholder wrapper)
+				var lnWrapperIdx int
+				for i, lnWrapper := range srv.listenerWrappers {
+					if _, ok := lnWrapper.(*tlsPlaceholderWrapper); ok {
+						lnWrapperIdx = i + 1 // mark the next wrapper's spot
+						break
+					}
+					ln = lnWrapper.WrapListener(ln)
+				}

 				// enable TLS if there is a policy and if this is not the HTTP port
 				useTLS := len(srv.TLSConnPolicies) > 0 && int(listenAddr.StartPort+portOffset) != app.httpPort()
+				if useTLS {
+					// create TLS listener - this enables and terminates TLS
+					ln = tls.NewListener(ln, tlsCfg)

-				if h1ok || h2ok && useTLS || h2cok {
-					// create the listener for this socket
-					lnAny, err := listenAddr.Listen(app.ctx, portOffset, net.ListenConfig{KeepAlive: time.Duration(srv.KeepAliveInterval)})
-					if err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("listening on %s: %v", listenAddr.At(portOffset), err)
-					}
-					ln, ok := lnAny.(net.Listener)
-					if !ok {
-						return fmt.Errorf("network '%s' cannot handle HTTP/1 or HTTP/2 connections", listenAddr.Network)
-					}
-
-					// wrap listener before TLS (up to the TLS placeholder wrapper)
-					var lnWrapperIdx int
-					for i, lnWrapper := range srv.listenerWrappers {
-						if _, ok := lnWrapper.(*tlsPlaceholderWrapper); ok {
-							lnWrapperIdx = i + 1 // mark the next wrapper's spot
-							break
+					// enable HTTP/3 if configured
+					if srv.protocol("h3") {
+						// Can't serve HTTP/3 on the same socket as HTTP/1 and 2 because it uses
+						// a different transport mechanism... which is fine, but the OS doesn't
+						// differentiate between a SOCK_STREAM file and a SOCK_DGRAM file; they
+						// are still one file on the system. So even though "unixpacket" and
+						// "unixgram" are different network types just as "tcp" and "udp" are,
+						// the OS will not let us use the same file as both STREAM and DGRAM.
+						if len(srv.Protocols) > 1 && listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+							app.logger.Warn("HTTP/3 disabled because Unix can't multiplex STREAM and DGRAM on same socket",
+								zap.String("file", hostport))
+							for i := range srv.Protocols {
+								if srv.Protocols[i] == "h3" {
+									srv.Protocols = append(srv.Protocols[:i], srv.Protocols[i+1:]...)
+									break
+								}
+							}
+						} else {
+							app.logger.Info("enabling HTTP/3 listener", zap.String("addr", hostport))
+							if err := srv.serveHTTP3(listenAddr.At(portOffset), tlsCfg); err != nil {
+								return err
+							}
 						}
-						ln = lnWrapper.WrapListener(ln)
-					}
-
-					if useTLS {
-						// create TLS listener - this enables and terminates TLS
-						ln = tls.NewListener(ln, tlsCfg)
-					}
-
-					// finish wrapping listener where we left off before TLS
-					for i := lnWrapperIdx; i < len(srv.listenerWrappers); i++ {
-						ln = srv.listenerWrappers[i].WrapListener(ln)
-					}
-
-					// handle http2 if use tls listener wrapper
-					if h2ok {
-						http2lnWrapper := &http2Listener{
-							Listener: ln,
-							server:   srv.server,
-							h2server: h2server,
-						}
-						srv.h2listeners = append(srv.h2listeners, http2lnWrapper)
-						ln = http2lnWrapper
-					}
-
-					// if binding to port 0, the OS chooses a port for us;
-					// but the user won't know the port unless we print it
-					if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() && !listenAddr.IsFdNetwork() && listenAddr.StartPort == 0 && listenAddr.EndPort == 0 {
-						app.logger.Info("port 0 listener",
-							zap.String("input_address", lnAddr),
-							zap.String("actual_address", ln.Addr().String()))
-					}
-
-					app.logger.Debug("starting server loop",
-						zap.String("address", ln.Addr().String()),
-						zap.Bool("tls", useTLS),
-						zap.Bool("http3", srv.h3server != nil))
-
-					srv.listeners = append(srv.listeners, ln)
-
-					// enable HTTP/1 if configured
-					if h1ok {
-						//nolint:errcheck
-						go srv.server.Serve(ln)
 					}
 				}

-				if h2ok && !useTLS {
-					// Can only serve h2 with TLS enabled
-					app.logger.Warn("HTTP/2 skipped because it requires TLS",
-						zap.String("network", listenAddr.Network),
-						zap.String("addr", hostport))
+				// finish wrapping listener where we left off before TLS
+				for i := lnWrapperIdx; i < len(srv.listenerWrappers); i++ {
+					ln = srv.listenerWrappers[i].WrapListener(ln)
 				}

-				if h3ok {
-					// Can't serve HTTP/3 on the same socket as HTTP/1 and 2 because it uses
-					// a different transport mechanism... which is fine, but the OS doesn't
-					// differentiate between a SOCK_STREAM file and a SOCK_DGRAM file; they
-					// are still one file on the system. So even though "unixpacket" and
-					// "unixgram" are different network types just as "tcp" and "udp" are,
-					// the OS will not let us use the same file as both STREAM and DGRAM.
-					if listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
-						app.logger.Warn("HTTP/3 disabled because Unix can't multiplex STREAM and DGRAM on same socket",
-							zap.String("file", hostport))
-						continue
+				// handle http2 if use tls listener wrapper
+				if useTLS {
+					http2lnWrapper := &http2Listener{
+						Listener: ln,
+						server:   srv.server,
+						h2server: h2server,
 					}
+					srv.h2listeners = append(srv.h2listeners, http2lnWrapper)
+					ln = http2lnWrapper
+				}

-					if useTLS {
-						// enable HTTP/3 if configured
-						app.logger.Info("enabling HTTP/3 listener", zap.String("addr", hostport))
-						if err := srv.serveHTTP3(listenAddr.At(portOffset), tlsCfg); err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-					} else {
-						// Can only serve h3 with TLS enabled
-						app.logger.Warn("HTTP/3 skipped because it requires TLS",
-							zap.String("network", listenAddr.Network),
-							zap.String("addr", hostport))
-					}
+				// if binding to port 0, the OS chooses a port for us;
+				// but the user won't know the port unless we print it
+				if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() && listenAddr.StartPort == 0 && listenAddr.EndPort == 0 {
+					app.logger.Info("port 0 listener",
+						zap.String("input_address", lnAddr),
+						zap.String("actual_address", ln.Addr().String()))
+				}
+
+				app.logger.Debug("starting server loop",
+					zap.String("address", ln.Addr().String()),
+					zap.Bool("tls", useTLS),
+					zap.Bool("http3", srv.h3server != nil))
+
+				srv.listeners = append(srv.listeners, ln)
+
+				// enable HTTP/1 if configured
+				if srv.protocol("h1") {
+					//nolint:errcheck
+					go srv.server.Serve(ln)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -717,7 +607,16 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 			return
 		}

-		if err := server.h3server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+		// First close h3server then close listeners unlike stdlib for several reasons:
+		// 1, udp has only a single socket, once closed, no more data can be read and
+		// written. In contrast, closing tcp listeners won't affect established connections.
+		// This have something to do with graceful shutdown when upstream implements it.
+		// 2, h3server will only close listeners it's registered (quic listeners). Closing
+		// listener first and these listeners maybe unregistered thus won't be closed. caddy
+		// distinguishes quic-listener and underlying datagram sockets.
+
+		// TODO: CloseGracefully, once implemented upstream (see https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go/issues/2103)
+		if err := server.h3server.Close(); err != nil {
 			app.logger.Error("HTTP/3 server shutdown",
 				zap.Error(err),
 				zap.Strings("addresses", server.Listen))
@@ -785,20 +684,11 @@ func (app *App) httpsPort() int {
 	return app.HTTPSPort
 }

-const (
-	// defaultIdleTimeout is the default HTTP server timeout
-	// for closing idle connections; useful to avoid resource
-	// exhaustion behind hungry CDNs, for example (we've had
-	// several complaints without this).
-	defaultIdleTimeout = caddy.Duration(5 * time.Minute)
-
-	// defaultReadHeaderTimeout is the default timeout for
-	// reading HTTP headers from clients. Headers are generally
-	// small, often less than 1 KB, so it shouldn't take a
-	// long time even on legitimately slow connections or
-	// busy servers to read it.
-	defaultReadHeaderTimeout = caddy.Duration(time.Minute)
-)
+// defaultIdleTimeout is the default HTTP server timeout
+// for closing idle connections; useful to avoid resource
+// exhaustion behind hungry CDNs, for example (we've had
+// several complaints without this).
+const defaultIdleTimeout = caddy.Duration(5 * time.Minute)

 // Interface guards
 var (
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
a	3f1ff118f8	noot	2024-06-18 23:48:21 -05:00
a	4d40619aa4	Merge branch 'caddytest-2' of github.com:elee1766/caddy into caddytest-2	2024-06-18 23:45:57 -05:00
a	3c591ecac9	noot	2024-06-18 23:45:54 -05:00
a	73854014d9	Merge branch 'master' into caddytest-2	2024-06-18 22:48:21 -05:00
a	c0d9a2383e	noot	2024-06-18 22:36:02 -05:00
a	7bc7e1680e	noot	2024-06-18 21:57:46 -05:00
a	edf4168c8e	noot	2024-06-18 21:18:38 -05:00
a	926fb82f6b	noot	2024-06-18 21:18:07 -05:00
a	841fe2544d	noot	2024-06-18 21:17:51 -05:00
a	b19feec6dc	noot	2024-06-18 21:01:15 -05:00
a	41a4320fd3	noot	2024-06-18 20:14:51 -05:00
a	b491fc5d6c	noot	2024-06-18 20:11:56 -05:00
a	01cb878087	noot	2024-06-18 20:08:38 -05:00
a	b98c89fbb6	noot	2024-06-18 19:46:43 -05:00
a	2619271a5c	noot	2024-06-18 19:44:05 -05:00
a	93a1853022	noot	2024-06-18 18:16:33 -05:00