caddyhttp: Normalize hosts in provision

2026-05-26 00:32:31 -04:00 · 2026-02-18 09:03:49 -07:00
165 changed files with 1472 additions and 11214 deletions
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 # Security Policy

-The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all relevant and practically-exploitable vulnerabilities.
+The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all practically-exploitable vulnerabilities.


 ## Supported Versions

-| Version     | Supported |
-| ----------- | ----------|
-| 2.latest    | ✔️        |
-| < 2.latest | :x:       |
+| Version  | Supported |
+| -------- | ----------|
+| 2.latest | ✔️        |
+| 1.x      | :x:       |
+| < 1.x    | :x:       |


 ## Acceptable Scope
@@ -25,10 +26,6 @@ Client-side exploits are out of scope. In other words, it is not a bug in Caddy

 Security bugs in code dependencies (including Go's standard library) are out of scope. Instead, if a dependency has patched a relevant security bug, please feel free to open a public issue or pull request to update that dependency in our code.

-Many reports are not security bugs and can be addressed by updating the documentation.
-
-We accept security reports and patches, but do not assign CVEs, for code that has not been released with a non-prerelease tag.
-

 ## Reporting a Vulnerability

@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ We get a lot of difficult reports that turn out to be invalid. Clear, obvious re

 First please ensure your report falls within the accepted scope of security bugs (above).

-:warning: **YOU MUST DISCLOSE WHETHER YOU USED LLMs ("AI") IN ANY WAY.** Whether you are using AI for discovery, as part of writing the report or its replies, and/or testing or validating proofs and changes, we require you to mention the extent of it. **FAILURE TO INCLUDE A DISCLOSURE EVEN IF YOU DO NOT USE AI MAY LEAD TO IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL OF YOUR REPORT AND POTENTIAL BLOCKLISTING.** We will not waste our time chatting with bots. But if you're a human, pull up a chair and we'll drink some chocolate milk.
+**YOU MUST DISCLOSE THE USE OF LLMs ("AI") INVOLVED IN ANY WAY.** Whether you are using AI for discovery, as part of writing the report or its replies, and/or testing or validating proofs and changes, we require you to mention the extent of it. **FAILURE TO INCLUDE A DISCLOSURE MAY LEAD TO IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL OF YOUR REPORT AND POTENTIAL BLOCKLISTING.**

 We'll need enough information to verify the bug and make a patch. To speed things up, please include:

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ jobs:
      models: read
      contents: read
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
-      - uses: github/ai-moderator@81159c370785e295c97461ade67d7c33576e9319
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8
+      - uses: github/ai-moderator@6bcdb2a79c2e564db8d76d7d4439d91a044c4eb6
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          spam-label: 'spam'
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ jobs:
      actions: write # to allow uploading artifacts and cache
    steps:
    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-      uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
      with:
        egress-policy: audit

    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0

    - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+      uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
      with:
        go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        check-latest: true
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ jobs:
        ./caddy stop

    - name: Publish Build Artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
      with:
        name: caddy_${{ runner.os }}_go${{ matrix.go }}_${{ steps.vars.outputs.short_sha }}
        path: ${{ matrix.CADDY_BIN_PATH }}
@@ -162,13 +162,13 @@ jobs:
    continue-on-error: true  # August 2020: s390x VM is down due to weather and power issues
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
          allowed-endpoints: ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:22

      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
      - name: Run Tests
        run: |
          set +e
@@ -221,19 +221,19 @@ jobs:
    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit

      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
      
-      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6.4.0
        with:
          version: latest
          args: check
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
        with:
          go-version: "~1.26"
          check-latest: true
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
          xcaddy version
-      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6.4.0
        with:
          version: latest
          args: build --single-target --snapshot
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ jobs:
    continue-on-error: true
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit

      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0

      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
          check-latest: true
@@ -45,18 +45,18 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit

-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
        with:
          go-version: '~1.26'
          check-latest: true

      - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@1e7e51e771db61008b38414a730f564565cf7c20 # v9.2.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
        with:
          version: latest

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit

@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ jobs:
      pull-requests: write
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit

      - name: 'Checkout Repository'
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
      - name: 'Dependency Review'
-        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@05fe4576374b728f0c523d6a13d64c25081e0803 # v4.8.3
+        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@56339e523c0409420f6c2c9a2f4292bbb3c07dd3 # v4.8.0
        with:
          comment-summary-in-pr: on-failure
          # https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action/issues/430#issuecomment-1468975566
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ jobs:
    
    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
    
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
@@ -355,23 +355,23 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-      uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
      with:
        egress-policy: audit

    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0

    - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+      uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
      with:
        go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
        check-latest: true

    # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
-    # tl;dr: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v4.2.2 runs this line:
+    # tl;dr: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v4.2.2 runs this line:
    #   git -c protocol.version=2 fetch --no-tags --prune --progress --no-recurse-submodules --depth=1 origin +ebc278ec98bb24f2852b61fde2a9bf2e3d83818b:refs/tags/
    # which makes its own local lightweight tag, losing all the annotations in the process. Our earlier script ran:
    #   git fetch --prune --unshallow
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Cosign version
      run: cosign version
    - name: Install Syft
-      uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@17ae1740179002c89186b61233e0f892c3118b11 # main
+      uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@f8bdd1d8ac5e901a77a92f111440fdb1b593736b # main
    - name: Syft version
      run: syft version
    - name: Install xcaddy
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ jobs:
        xcaddy version
    # GoReleaser will take care of publishing those artifacts into the release
    - name: Run GoReleaser
-      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7.0.0
+      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6.4.0
      with:
        version: latest
        args: release --clean --timeout 60m
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ jobs:

    # See https://github.com/peter-evans/repository-dispatch
    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-      uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
      with:
        egress-policy: audit

    - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/dist
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@28959ce8df70de7be546dd1250a005dd32156697 # v4.0.1
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@5fc4efd1a4797ddb68ffd0714a238564e4cc0e6f # v4.0.0
      with:
        token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
        repository: caddyserver/dist
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
        client-payload: '{"tag": "${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"}'

    - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/caddy-docker
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@28959ce8df70de7be546dd1250a005dd32156697 # v4.0.1
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@5fc4efd1a4797ddb68ffd0714a238564e4cc0e6f # v4.0.0
      with:
        token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
        repository: caddyserver/caddy-docker
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@a90bcbc6539c36a85cdfeb73f7e2f433735f215b # v2.15.0
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
        with:
          egress-policy: audit

      - name: "Checkout code"
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: false

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
      # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
      # format to the repository Actions tab.
      - name: "Upload artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
        with:
          name: SARIF file
          path: results.sarif
@@ -81,6 +81,6 @@ jobs:
      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard (optional).
      # Commenting out will disable upload of results to your repo's Code Scanning dashboard
      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@89a39a4e59826350b863aa6b6252a07ad50cf83e # v3.29.5
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@3599b3baa15b485a2e49ef411a7a4bb2452e7f93 # v3.29.5
        with:
          sarif_file: results.sarif
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ linters:
    - importas
    - ineffassign
    - misspell
-    - modernize
    - prealloc
    - promlinter
    - sloglint
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ before:
    - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
    - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
    # prepare syso files for windows embedding
-    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
+    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
    - /bin/sh -c 'mv /tmp/buildenv_*/*.syso caddy-build'
    # GoReleaser doesn't seem to offer {{.Tag}} at this stage, so we have to embed it into the env
    # so we run: TAG=$(git describe --abbrev=0) goreleaser release --rm-dist --skip-publish --skip-validate
@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@ builds:
      goarch: s390x
    - goos: windows
      goarch: riscv64
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: arm
    - goos: freebsd
      goarch: ppc64le
    - goos: freebsd
@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-# Caddy Project Guidelines
-
-## Mission
-
-**Every site on HTTPS.** Caddy is a security-first, modular, extensible server platform.
-
-## Code Style
-
-### Go Idioms
-
-Follow [Go Code Review Comments](https://go.dev/wiki/CodeReviewComments):
-
- **Error flow**: Early return, indent error handling—not else blocks
-  ```go
-  if err != nil {
-      return err
-  }
-  // normal code
-  ```
- **Naming**: initialisms (`URL`, `HTTP`, `ID`—not `Url`, `Http`, `Id`)
- **Receiver names**: 1–2 letters reflecting type (`c` for `Client`, `h` for `Handler`)
- **Error strings**: Lowercase, no trailing punctuation (`"something failed"` not `"Something failed."`)
- **Doc comments**: Full sentences starting with the name being documented
-  ```go
-  // Handler serves HTTP requests for the file server.
-  type Handler struct { ... }
-  ```
- **Empty slices**: `var t []string` (nil slice), not `t := []string{}` (non-nil zero-length)
- **Don't panic**: Use error returns for normal error handling
-
-### Caddy Patterns
-
-**Module registration**:
-```go
-func init() {
-    caddy.RegisterModule(MyModule{})
-}
-
-func (MyModule) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
-    return caddy.ModuleInfo{
-        ID:  "namespace.category.name",
-        New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MyModule) },
-    }
-}
-```
-
-**Module lifecycle**: `New()` → JSON unmarshal → `Provision()` → `Validate()` → use → `Cleanup()`
-
-**Interface guards** — compile-time verification that modules implement required interfaces:
-```go
-var (
-    _ caddy.Provisioner     = (*MyModule)(nil)
-    _ caddy.Validator       = (*MyModule)(nil)
-    _ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MyModule)(nil)
-)
-```
-
-**Structured logging** — use the module-scoped logger from context:
-```go
-func (m *MyModule) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
-    m.logger = ctx.Logger()
-    m.logger.Debug("provisioning", zap.String("field", m.Field))
-    return nil
-}
-```
-
-**Caddyfile support** — implement `UnmarshalCaddyfile(*caddyfile.Dispenser)` using the `Dispenser` API:
-```go
-// UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the module from Caddyfile tokens. Syntax:
-//
-//     directive [arg1] [arg2] {
-//         subdir value
-//     }
-func (m *MyModule) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
-    d.Next() // consume directive name
-    for d.NextArg() {
-        // handle inline arguments
-    }
-    for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-        switch d.Val() {
-        case "subdir":
-            if !d.NextArg() {
-                return d.ArgErr()
-            }
-            m.Field = d.Val()
-        default:
-            return d.Errf("unrecognized subdirective: %s", d.Val())
-        }
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-```
-
-**Admin API**: Implement `caddy.AdminRouter` for custom endpoints.
-
-**Context**: Use `caddy.Context` for accessing other apps/modules and logging—don't store contexts in structs.
-
-## Architecture
-
-Caddy is built around a **module system** where everything is a module registered via `caddy.RegisterModule()`:
-
- **Apps** (`caddy.App`): Top-level modules like `http`, `tls`, `pki` that Caddy loads and runs
- **Modules** (`caddy.Module`): Extensible components with namespaced IDs (e.g., `http.handlers.file_server`)
- **Configuration**: Native JSON with adapters (Caddyfile → JSON via `caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile`)
-
-| Directory | Purpose |
-|-----------|---------|
-| `modules/` | All standard modules (HTTP, TLS, PKI, etc.) |
-| `modules/standard/imports.go` | Standard module registry |
-| `caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/` | Caddyfile → JSON adapter for HTTP |
-| `caddytest/` | Test utilities and integration tests |
-| `cmd/caddy/` | CLI entry point with module imports |
-
-### Critical Packages
-
-`caddyhttp` and `caddytls` require **extra scrutiny** in code review—these are security-critical.
-
-## Quality Gates
-
-
-**All required before PR is merge-ready:**
-
-| Gate | Command | Notes |
-|------|---------|-------|
-| Tests pass | `go test -race -short ./...` | Race detection enabled |
-| Lint clean | `golangci-lint run --timeout 10m` | No warnings in changed files |
-| Builds | `go build ./...` | Must compile |
-| Benchmarks | `go test -bench=. -benchmem` | Required for optimizations |
-
-CI runs tests on **Linux, macOS, and Windows**—ensure cross-platform compatibility.
-
-### Build & Test
-
-```bash
-# Build
-cd cmd/caddy && go build
-
-# Tests with race detection (matches CI)
-go test -race -short ./...
-
-# Integration tests
-go test ./caddytest/integration/...
-
-# Lint (matches CI)
-golangci-lint run --timeout 10m
-```
-
-## Testing Conventions
-
-**Table-driven tests** (preferred pattern):
-```go
-func TestFeature(t *testing.T) {
-    for i, tc := range []struct {
-        input    string
-        expected string
-        wantErr  bool
-    }{
-        {input: "valid", expected: "result", wantErr: false},
-        {input: "invalid", expected: "", wantErr: true},
-    } {
-        actual, err := Function(tc.input)
-        if tc.wantErr && err == nil {
-            t.Errorf("Test %d: expected error but got none", i)
-        }
-        if !tc.wantErr && err != nil {
-            t.Errorf("Test %d: unexpected error: %v", i, err)
-        }
-        if actual != tc.expected {
-            t.Errorf("Test %d: expected %q, got %q", i, tc.expected, actual)
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-**Integration tests** use `caddytest.Tester`:
-```go
-func TestHTTPFeature(t *testing.T) {
-    tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-    tester.InitServer(`
-    {
-        admin localhost:2999
-        http_port 9080
-    }
-    localhost:9080 {
-        respond "hello"
-    }`, "caddyfile")
-    
-    tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "hello")
-}
-```
-
-Use non-standard ports (9080, 9443, 2999) to avoid conflicts with running servers.
-
-## AI Contribution Policy
-
-Per [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md), AI-assisted code **MUST** be:
-
-1. **Disclosed** — Tell reviewers when code was AI-generated or AI-assisted, mentioning which agent/model is used
-2. **Fully comprehended** — You must be able to explain every line
-3. **Tested** — Automated tests when feasible, thorough manual tests otherwise
-4. **Licensed** — Verify AI output doesn't include plagiarized or incompatibly-licensed code
-5. **Contributor License Agreement (CLA)** — The CLA must be signed by the human user
-
-**Do NOT submit code you cannot fully explain.** Contributors are responsible for their submissions.
-
-## Dependencies
-
- **Avoid new dependencies** — Justify any additions; tiny deps can be inlined
- **No exported dependency types** — Caddy must not export types defined by external packages
- Use Go modules; check with `go mod tidy`
-
-## Further Reading
-
- [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) — Full PR process and expectations
- [Extending Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/docs/extending-caddy) — Module development guide
- [JSON Config](https://caddyserver.com/docs/json/) — Native configuration reference
- [Caddyfile](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/concepts) — Caddyfile syntax guide
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal"
 )

 // testCertMagicStorageOverride is a package-level test hook. Tests may set
@@ -120,6 +118,10 @@ type AdminConfig struct {
 	//
 	// EXPERIMENTAL: This feature is subject to change.
 	Remote *RemoteAdmin `json:"remote,omitempty"`
+
+	// Holds onto the routers so that we can later provision them
+	// if they require provisioning.
+	routers []AdminRouter
 }

 // ConfigSettings configures the management of configuration.
@@ -208,8 +210,8 @@ type AdminAccess struct {
 // AdminPermissions specifies what kinds of requests are allowed
 // to be made to the admin endpoint.
 type AdminPermissions struct {
-	// The API paths allowed. A request path must either equal an
-	// allowed path or be a subpath with a path-segment boundary.
+	// The API paths allowed. Paths are simple prefix matches.
+	// Any subpath of the specified paths will be allowed.
 	Paths []string `json:"paths,omitempty"`

 	// The HTTP methods allowed for the given paths.
@@ -218,7 +220,7 @@ type AdminPermissions struct {

 // newAdminHandler reads admin's config and returns an http.Handler suitable
 // for use in an admin endpoint server, which will be listening on listenAddr.
-func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, ctx Context) (adminHandler, error) {
+func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Context) adminHandler {
 	muxWrap := adminHandler{mux: http.NewServeMux()}

 	// secure the local or remote endpoint respectively
@@ -275,21 +277,34 @@ func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, ctx
 	// register third-party module endpoints
 	for _, m := range GetModules("admin.api") {
 		router := m.New().(AdminRouter)
-
-		// provision the router before registering its routes, so
-		// handlers have access to all provisioned state
-		if provisioner, ok := router.(Provisioner); ok {
-			if err := provisioner.Provision(ctx); err != nil {
-				return adminHandler{}, fmt.Errorf("provisioning admin router module %s: %v", m.ID, err)
-			}
-		}
-
 		for _, route := range router.Routes() {
 			addRoute(route.Pattern, handlerLabel, route.Handler)
 		}
+		admin.routers = append(admin.routers, router)
 	}

-	return muxWrap, nil
+	return muxWrap
+}
+
+// provisionAdminRouters provisions all the router modules
+// in the admin.api namespace that need provisioning.
+func (admin *AdminConfig) provisionAdminRouters(ctx Context) error {
+	for _, router := range admin.routers {
+		provisioner, ok := router.(Provisioner)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := provisioner.Provision(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We no longer need the routers once provisioned, allow for GC
+	admin.routers = nil
+
+	return nil
 }

 // allowedOrigins returns a list of origins that are allowed.
@@ -413,7 +428,11 @@ func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	handler, err := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, ctx)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, ctx)
+
+	// run the provisioners for loaded modules to make sure local
+	// state is properly re-initialized in the new admin server
+	err = cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -537,7 +556,11 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {

 	// make the HTTP handler but disable Host/Origin enforcement
 	// because we are using TLS authentication instead
-	handler, err := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true, ctx)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true, ctx)
+
+	// run the provisioners for loaded modules to make sure local
+	// state is properly re-initialized in the new admin server
+	err = cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -693,7 +716,7 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 						// verify path
 						pathFound := accessPerm.Paths == nil
 						for _, allowedPath := range accessPerm.Paths {
-							if adminPathAllowed(r.URL.Path, allowedPath) {
+							if strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, allowedPath) {
 								pathFound = true
 								break
 							}
@@ -722,31 +745,14 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 	}
 }

-func adminPathAllowed(reqPath, allowedPath string) bool {
-	if allowedPath == "" || allowedPath == "/" {
-		return strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, allowedPath)
-	}
-	if reqPath == allowedPath {
-		return true
-	}
-	if strings.HasSuffix(allowedPath, "/") {
-		return strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, allowedPath)
-	}
-	return strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, allowedPath+"/")
-}
-
 func stopAdminServer(srv *http.Server) error {
 	if srv == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no admin server")
 	}
-	timeout := 10 * time.Second
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeoutCause(context.Background(), timeout, fmt.Errorf("stopping admin server: %ds timeout", int(timeout.Seconds())))
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 	err := srv.Shutdown(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		if cause := context.Cause(ctx); cause != nil && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-			err = cause
-		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("shutting down admin server: %v", err)
 	}
 	Log().Named("admin").Info("stopped previous server", zap.String("address", srv.Addr))
@@ -790,7 +796,7 @@ func (h adminHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		zap.String("uri", r.RequestURI),
 		zap.String("remote_ip", ip),
 		zap.String("remote_port", port),
-		zap.Object("headers", internal.LoggableHTTPHeader{Header: r.Header}),
+		zap.Reflect("headers", r.Header),
 	)
 	if r.TLS != nil {
 		log = log.With(
@@ -849,7 +855,6 @@ func (h adminHandler) serveHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			Err:        errors.New("invalid origin 'null'"),
 			Message:    "Buggy browser is sending null Origin header.",
 		})
-		return
 	}

 	if h.enforceHost {
@@ -1051,9 +1056,6 @@ func handleConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 			buf.Reset()
 			defer bufPool.Put(buf)

-			const maxConfigSize = 100 * 1024 * 1024 // 100 MB
-			r.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, maxConfigSize)
-
 			_, err := io.Copy(buf, r.Body)
 			if err != nil {
 				return APIError{
@@ -1136,20 +1138,6 @@ func handleStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func parseCanonicalArrayIndex(idx string) (int, error) {
-	if idx == "" {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("empty index")
-	}
-	i, err := strconv.Atoi(idx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	if strconv.Itoa(i) != idx {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("non-canonical array index")
-	}
-	return i, nil
-}
-
 // unsyncedConfigAccess traverses into the current config and performs
 // the operation at path according to method, using body and out as
 // needed. This is a low-level, unsynchronized function; most callers
@@ -1211,12 +1199,11 @@ traverseLoop:
 				var idx int
 				if method != http.MethodPost {
 					idxStr := parts[len(parts)-1]
-					idx, err = parseCanonicalArrayIndex(idxStr)
+					idx, err = strconv.Atoi(idxStr)
 					if err != nil {
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
 							path, idxStr, err)
 					}
-
 					if idx < 0 || (method != http.MethodPut && idx >= len(arr)) || idx > len(arr) {
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] array index out of bounds: %s", path, idxStr)
 					}
@@ -1316,7 +1303,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 			}

 		case []any:
-			partInt, err := parseCanonicalArrayIndex(part)
+			partInt, err := strconv.Atoi(part)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("[/%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
 					strings.Join(parts[:i+1], "/"), part, err)
@@ -15,13 +15,9 @@
 package caddy

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"crypto"
-	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
 	"net/http"
@@ -35,8 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"go.uber.org/zap/zaptest/observer"
 )

 var testCfg = []byte(`{
@@ -57,13 +51,6 @@ var testCfg = []byte(`{
 		}
 		`)

-type testAdminPublicKey string
-
-func (k testAdminPublicKey) Equal(x crypto.PublicKey) bool {
-	other, ok := x.(testAdminPublicKey)
-	return ok && k == other
-}
-
 func TestUnsyncedConfigAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	// each test is performed in sequence, so
 	// each change builds on the previous ones;
@@ -255,51 +242,6 @@ func TestAdminHandlerErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestAdminHandlerServeHTTPRedactsSensitiveHeadersInLogs(t *testing.T) {
-	core, logs := observer.New(zap.InfoLevel)
-
-	defaultLoggerMu.Lock()
-	origLogger := defaultLogger.logger
-	defaultLogger.logger = zap.New(core)
-	defaultLoggerMu.Unlock()
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		defaultLoggerMu.Lock()
-		defaultLogger.logger = origLogger
-		defaultLoggerMu.Unlock()
-	})
-
-	handler := adminHandler{
-		mux: http.NewServeMux(),
-	}
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer secret")
-	req.Header.Set("Cookie", "session=secret")
-	req.Header.Set("X-Test", "ok")
-	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-	if logs.Len() == 0 {
-		t.Fatal("expected request log entry")
-	}
-
-	ctx := logs.All()[0].ContextMap()
-	headers, ok := ctx["headers"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected headers field in log context, got %T", ctx["headers"])
-	}
-
-	if got := headers["Authorization"]; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []any{"REDACTED"}) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected redacted Authorization header, got %#v", got)
-	}
-	if got := headers["Cookie"]; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []any{"REDACTED"}) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected redacted Cookie header, got %#v", got)
-	}
-	if got := headers["X-Test"]; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []any{"ok"}) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected X-Test header to remain visible, got %#v", got)
-	}
-}
-
 func initAdminMetrics() {
 	if adminMetrics.requestErrors != nil {
 		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
@@ -340,10 +282,7 @@ func TestAdminHandlerBuiltinRouteErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
 	}
-	handler, err := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create admin handler: %v", err)
-	}
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})

 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -464,10 +403,7 @@ func TestNewAdminHandlerRouterRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	admin := &AdminConfig{
 		EnforceOrigin: false,
 	}
-	handler, err := admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create admin handler: %v", err)
-	}
+	handler := admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})

 	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/mock", nil)
 	req.Host = "localhost:2019"
@@ -479,6 +415,10 @@ func TestNewAdminHandlerRouterRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected status code %d but got %d", http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
 		t.Logf("Response body: %s", rr.Body.String())
 	}
+
+	if len(admin.routers) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 router to be stored, got %d", len(admin.routers))
+	}
 }

 type mockProvisionableRouter struct {
@@ -516,16 +456,19 @@ func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
 		name         string
 		provisionErr error
 		wantErr      bool
+		routersAfter int // expected number of routers after provisioning
 	}{
 		{
 			name:         "successful provisioning",
 			provisionErr: nil,
 			wantErr:      false,
+			routersAfter: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name:         "provisioning error",
 			provisionErr: fmt.Errorf("provision failed"),
 			wantErr:      true,
+			routersAfter: 1,
 		},
 	}

@@ -561,7 +504,8 @@ func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
 			}

-			_, err = admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
+			_ = admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
+			err = admin.provisionAdminRouters(Context{})

 			if test.wantErr {
 				if err == nil {
@@ -572,6 +516,10 @@ func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
 				}
 			}
+
+			if len(admin.routers) != test.routersAfter {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d routers after provisioning, got %d", test.routersAfter, len(admin.routers))
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -656,99 +604,6 @@ func TestAllowedOriginsUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestRemoteAdminAccessControlPathSegmentMatching(t *testing.T) {
-	const authorizedKey testAdminPublicKey = "authorized"
-	peerCert := &x509.Certificate{PublicKey: authorizedKey}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		allowedPath string
-		requestPath string
-		wantErr     bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "exact path",
-			allowedPath: "/pki/ca/prod",
-			requestPath: "/pki/ca/prod",
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "subpath",
-			allowedPath: "/pki/ca/prod",
-			requestPath: "/pki/ca/prod/certificates",
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "trailing slash subpath",
-			allowedPath: "/pki/ca/prod/",
-			requestPath: "/pki/ca/prod/certificates",
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "sibling with shared prefix",
-			allowedPath: "/pki/ca/prod",
-			requestPath: "/pki/ca/prod-backup",
-			wantErr:     true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "same segment plus digit",
-			allowedPath: "/pki/ca/prod",
-			requestPath: "/pki/ca/prod1",
-			wantErr:     true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "root path",
-			allowedPath: "/",
-			requestPath: "/pki/ca/prod",
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for i, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			remote := RemoteAdmin{
-				AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
-					{
-						Permissions: []AdminPermissions{
-							{
-								Methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
-								Paths:   []string{test.allowedPath},
-							},
-						},
-						publicKeys: []crypto.PublicKey{authorizedKey},
-					},
-				},
-			}
-
-			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://localhost:2021"+test.requestPath, nil)
-			req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{
-				VerifiedChains: [][]*x509.Certificate{{peerCert}},
-			}
-
-			err := remote.enforceAccessControls(req)
-			if test.wantErr {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Errorf("test %d (%s): allowed path %q, request path %q: expected forbidden error, got nil", i, test.name, test.allowedPath, test.requestPath)
-					return
-				}
-				var apiErr APIError
-				if !errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
-					t.Errorf("test %d (%s): allowed path %q, request path %q: expected APIError with HTTP status %d, got %T: %v", i, test.name, test.allowedPath, test.requestPath, http.StatusForbidden, err, err)
-					return
-				}
-				if apiErr.HTTPStatus != http.StatusForbidden {
-					t.Errorf("test %d (%s): allowed path %q, request path %q: expected HTTP status %d, got %d", i, test.name, test.allowedPath, test.requestPath, http.StatusForbidden, apiErr.HTTPStatus)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("test %d (%s): allowed path %q, request path %q: expected no error, got %v", i, test.name, test.allowedPath, test.requestPath, err)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestReplaceRemoteAdminServer(t *testing.T) {
 	const testCert = `MIIDCTCCAfGgAwIBAgIUXsqJ1mY8pKlHQtI3HJ23x2eZPqwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
 BQAwFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MB4XDTIzMDEwMTAwMDAwMFoXDTI0MDEw
@@ -1101,47 +956,3 @@ MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDRS0LmTwUT0iwP
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestUnsyncedConfigAccessCanonicalArrayIndices(t *testing.T) {
-	rawCfg = map[string]any{
-		rawConfigKey: map[string]any{
-			"list": []any{"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name       string
-		path       string
-		wantOutput string
-		wantErr    bool
-	}{
-		{name: "allow zero", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/0", wantOutput: "\"zero\"\n"},
-		{name: "allow one", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/1", wantOutput: "\"one\"\n"},
-		{name: "allow ten", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/10", wantOutput: "\"ten\"\n"},
-		{name: "reject leading zero", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/01", wantErr: true},
-		{name: "reject multiple leading zeros", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/002", wantErr: true},
-		{name: "reject plus sign", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/+1", wantErr: true},
-		{name: "reject negative zero", path: "/" + rawConfigKey + "/list/-0", wantErr: true},
-	}
-
-	for i, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var gotOutput bytes.Buffer
-			err := unsyncedConfigAccess(http.MethodGet, tc.path, nil, &gotOutput)
-
-			if tc.wantErr {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Errorf("test %d (%s): input path %q: expected error, got nil with output %q", i, tc.name, tc.path, gotOutput.String())
-				}
-				return
-			}
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("test %d (%s): input path %q: expected no error with output %q, got error %v with output %q", i, tc.name, tc.path, tc.wantOutput, err, gotOutput.String())
-			}
-			if gotOutput.String() != tc.wantOutput {
-				t.Errorf("test %d (%s): input path %q: expected output %q, got %q", i, tc.name, tc.path, tc.wantOutput, gotOutput.String())
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	storage      certmagic.Storage
 	eventEmitter eventEmitter

-	cancelFunc context.CancelCauseFunc
+	cancelFunc context.CancelFunc

 	// fileSystems is a dict of fileSystems that will later be loaded from and added to.
 	fileSystems FileSystems
@@ -127,9 +127,10 @@ func Load(cfgJSON []byte, forceReload bool) error {
 					zap.Error(notifyErr),
 					zap.String("reload_err", err.Error()))
 			}
+			return
 		}
-		if notifyErr := notify.Ready(); notifyErr != nil {
-			Log().Error("unable to notify to service manager of ready state", zap.Error(notifyErr))
+		if err := notify.Ready(); err != nil {
+			Log().Error("unable to notify to service manager of ready state", zap.Error(err))
 		}
 	}()

@@ -226,18 +227,8 @@ func changeConfig(method, path string, input []byte, ifMatchHeader string, force
 	idx := make(map[string]string)
 	err = indexConfigObjects(rawCfg[rawConfigKey], "/"+rawConfigKey, idx)
 	if err != nil {
-		if len(rawCfgJSON) > 0 {
-			var oldCfg any
-			err2 := json.Unmarshal(rawCfgJSON, &oldCfg)
-			if err2 != nil {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("%v; additionally, restoring old config: %v", err, err2)
-			}
-			rawCfg[rawConfigKey] = oldCfg
-		} else {
-			rawCfg[rawConfigKey] = nil
-		}
 		return APIError{
-			HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			HTTPStatus: http.StatusInternalServerError,
 			Err:        fmt.Errorf("indexing config: %v", err),
 		}
 	}
@@ -257,8 +248,6 @@ func changeConfig(method, path string, input []byte, ifMatchHeader string, force
 				err = fmt.Errorf("%v; additionally, restoring old config: %v", err, err2)
 			}
 			rawCfg[rawConfigKey] = oldCfg
-		} else {
-			rawCfg[rawConfigKey] = nil
 		}

 		return fmt.Errorf("loading new config: %v", err)
@@ -292,19 +281,14 @@ func indexConfigObjects(ptr any, configPath string, index map[string]string) err
 	case map[string]any:
 		for k, v := range val {
 			if k == idKey {
-				var idStr string
 				switch idVal := v.(type) {
 				case string:
-					idStr = idVal
+					index[idVal] = configPath
 				case float64: // all JSON numbers decode as float64
-					idStr = fmt.Sprintf("%v", idVal)
+					index[fmt.Sprintf("%v", idVal)] = configPath
 				default:
 					return fmt.Errorf("%s: %s field must be a string or number", configPath, idKey)
 				}
-				if existingPath, ok := index[idStr]; ok {
-					return fmt.Errorf("duplicate ID '%s' found at %s and %s", idStr, existingPath, configPath)
-				}
-				index[idStr] = configPath
 				continue
 			}
 			// traverse this object property recursively
@@ -432,7 +416,7 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		// partially copied from provisionContext
 		if err != nil {
 			globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
-			ctx.cfg.cancelFunc(fmt.Errorf("configuration start error: %w", err))
+			ctx.cfg.cancelFunc()

 			if currentCtx.cfg != nil {
 				certmagic.Default.Storage = currentCtx.cfg.storage
@@ -440,6 +424,13 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		}
 	}()

+	// Provision any admin routers which may need to access
+	// some of the other apps at runtime
+	err = ctx.cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ctx, err
+	}
+
 	// Start
 	err = func() error {
 		started := make([]string, 0, len(ctx.cfg.apps))
@@ -501,7 +492,7 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)
 	// cleanup occurs when we return if there
 	// was an error; if no error, it will get
 	// cleaned up on next config cycle
-	ctx, cancelCause := NewContextWithCause(Context{Context: context.Background(), cfg: newCfg})
+	ctx, cancel := NewContext(Context{Context: context.Background(), cfg: newCfg})
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
 			globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
@@ -510,7 +501,7 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)
 			// since the associated config won't be used;
 			// this will cause all modules that were newly
 			// provisioned to clean themselves up
-			cancelCause(fmt.Errorf("configuration error: %w", err))
+			cancel()

 			// also undo any other state changes we made
 			if currentCtx.cfg != nil {
@@ -518,7 +509,7 @@ func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error)
 			}
 		}
 	}()
-	newCfg.cancelFunc = cancelCause // clean up later
+	newCfg.cancelFunc = cancel // clean up later

 	// set up logging before anything bad happens
 	if newCfg.Logging == nil {
@@ -738,7 +729,7 @@ func unsyncedStop(ctx Context) {
 	}

 	// clean up all modules
-	ctx.cfg.cancelFunc(fmt.Errorf("stopping apps"))
+	ctx.cfg.cancelFunc()
 }

 // Validate loads, provisions, and validates
@@ -746,7 +737,7 @@ func unsyncedStop(ctx Context) {
 func Validate(cfg *Config) error {
 	_, err := run(cfg, false)
 	if err == nil {
-		cfg.cancelFunc(fmt.Errorf("validation complete")) // call Cleanup on all modules
+		cfg.cancelFunc() // call Cleanup on all modules
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -759,7 +750,7 @@ func Validate(cfg *Config) error {
 // code is emitted.
 func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
 	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting; only do it once
-	if !exiting.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(exiting, 0, 1) {
 		return
 	}

@@ -838,11 +829,11 @@ func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
 	}()
 }

-var exiting atomic.Bool
+var exiting = new(int32) // accessed atomically

 // Exiting returns true if the process is exiting.
 // EXPERIMENTAL API: subject to change or removal.
-func Exiting() bool { return exiting.Load() }
+func Exiting() bool { return atomic.LoadInt32(exiting) == 1 }

 // OnExit registers a callback to invoke during process exit.
 // This registration is PROCESS-GLOBAL, meaning that each
@@ -954,34 +945,6 @@ func InstanceID() (uuid.UUID, error) {
 // for example.
 var CustomVersion string

-// CustomBinaryName is an optional string that overrides the root
-// command name from the default of "caddy". This is useful for
-// downstream projects that embed Caddy but use a different binary
-// name. Shell completions and help text will use this name instead
-// of "caddy".
-//
-// Set this variable during `go build` with `-ldflags`:
-//
-//	-ldflags '-X github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2.CustomBinaryName=my_custom_caddy'
-//
-// for example.
-var CustomBinaryName string
-
-// CustomLongDescription is an optional string that overrides the
-// long description of the root Cobra command. This is useful for
-// downstream projects that embed Caddy but want different help
-// output.
-//
-// Set this variable in an init() function of a package that is
-// imported by your main:
-//
-//	func init() {
-//	    caddy.CustomLongDescription = "My custom server based on Caddy..."
-//	}
-//
-// for example.
-var CustomLongDescription string
-
 // Version returns the Caddy version in a simple/short form, and
 // a full version string. The short form will not have spaces and
 // is intended for User-Agent strings and similar, but may be
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) File() string {
 // targets are left unchanged. If all the targets are filled,
 // then true is returned.
 func (d *Dispenser) Args(targets ...*string) bool {
-	for i := range targets {
+	for i := 0; i < len(targets); i++ {
 		if !d.NextArg() {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -63,33 +63,8 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		heredocClosingMarker []rune

 		nesting int // indentation level
-
-		currentToken                  strings.Builder
-		currentLineFirstToken         string
-		previousLineWasTopLevelImport bool
-		openBraceOwnLine              bool
 	)

-	finishToken := func() {
-		if currentToken.Len() == 0 {
-			return
-		}
-		if currentLineFirstToken == "" {
-			currentLineFirstToken = currentToken.String()
-		}
-		currentToken.Reset()
-	}
-
-	finishLine := func() {
-		finishToken()
-		if currentLineFirstToken != "" {
-			previousLineWasTopLevelImport = nesting == 0 && currentLineFirstToken == "import"
-		} else if !openBrace || !openBraceOwnLine || openBraceWritten {
-			previousLineWasTopLevelImport = false
-		}
-		currentLineFirstToken = ""
-	}
-
 	write := func(ch rune) {
 		out.WriteRune(ch)
 		last = ch
@@ -245,11 +220,9 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		}

 		if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
-			finishToken()
 			space = true
 			heredocEscaped = false
 			if ch == '\n' {
-				finishLine()
 				newLines++
 			}
 			continue
@@ -276,19 +249,13 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			}

 			openBrace = false
-			if openBraceOwnLine && previousLineWasTopLevelImport {
-				if last != '\n' {
-					nextLine()
-				}
-				indent()
-			} else if beginningOfLine {
+			if beginningOfLine {
 				indent()
 			} else if !openBraceSpace || !unicode.IsSpace(last) {
 				write(' ')
 			}
 			write('{')
 			openBraceWritten = true
-			openBraceOwnLine = false
 			nextLine()
 			newLines = 0
 			// prevent infinite nesting from ridiculous inputs (issue #4169)
@@ -299,10 +266,8 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {

 		switch {
 		case ch == '{':
-			finishToken()
 			openBrace = true
 			openBraceSpace = spacePrior && !beginningOfLine
-			openBraceOwnLine = newLines > 0
 			if openBraceSpace && newLines == 0 {
 				write(' ')
 			}
@@ -310,13 +275,11 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			if quotes == "`" {
 				write('{')
 				openBraceWritten = true
-				openBraceOwnLine = false
 				continue
 			}
 			continue

 		case ch == '}' && (spacePrior || !openBrace):
-			finishToken()
 			if quotes == "`" {
 				write('}')
 				continue
@@ -361,7 +324,6 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			space = true
 		}

-		currentToken.WriteRune(ch)
 		write(ch)

 		beginningOfLine = false
@@ -475,21 +475,6 @@ Hope this helps.` + "`" + `
 }`,
 			expect: "https://localhost:8953 {\n\trespond `Here are some random numbers:\n\n{{randNumeric 16}}\n\nHope this helps.`\n}",
 		},
-		{
-			description: "imports before global options block keep standalone brace",
-			input: `import ./conf.d/matcher_my_subnet.caddy
-import ./conf.d/matcher_not_my_subnet.caddy
-{
-	order crowdsec first
-	order appsec after crowdsec
-}`,
-			expect: `import ./conf.d/matcher_my_subnet.caddy
-import ./conf.d/matcher_not_my_subnet.caddy
-{
-	order crowdsec first
-	order appsec after crowdsec
-}`,
-		},
 	} {
 		// the formatter should output a trailing newline,
 		// even if the tests aren't written to expect that
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 			// want to keep.
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				if len(val) == 2 {
-					return false, fmt.Errorf("missing opening heredoc marker on line #%d; must contain only alphanumeric characters, dashes and underscores; got empty string", l.line)
+					return false, fmt.Errorf("missing opening heredoc marker on line #%d; must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got empty string", l.line)
 				}

 				// check if there's too many <
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {

 				heredocMarker = string(val[2:])
 				if !heredocMarkerRegexp.Match([]byte(heredocMarker)) {
-					return false, fmt.Errorf("heredoc marker on line #%d must contain only alphanumeric characters, dashes and underscores; got '%s'", l.line, heredocMarker)
+					return false, fmt.Errorf("heredoc marker on line #%d must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got '%s'", l.line, heredocMarker)
 				}

 				inHeredoc = true
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ EOF
 		{
 			input:        []byte("not-a-heredoc <<\n"),
 			expectErr:    true,
-			errorMessage: "missing opening heredoc marker on line #1; must contain only alphanumeric characters, dashes and underscores; got empty string",
+			errorMessage: "missing opening heredoc marker on line #1; must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got empty string",
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<<EOF
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 		// format, won't check for nesting correctness or any other error, that's what parser does.
 		if !maybeSnippet && nesting == 0 {
 			// first of the line
-			if i == 0 || isNextOnNewLine(tokensCopy[len(tokensCopy)-1], token) {
+			if i == 0 || isNextOnNewLine(tokensCopy[i-1], token) {
 				index = 0
 			} else {
 				index++
@@ -550,11 +550,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 		}

 		if foundBlockDirective {
-			if maybeSnippet {
-				tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
-			} else {
-				tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, tokensToAdd...)
-			}
+			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, tokensToAdd...)
 			continue
 		}

@@ -620,7 +616,7 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}
-	for i := range importedTokens {
+	for i := 0; i < len(importedTokens); i++ {
 		importedTokens[i].File = filename
 	}

@@ -683,31 +679,14 @@ func (p *parser) directive() error {
 // openCurlyBrace expects the current token to be an
 // opening curly brace. This acts like an assertion
 // because it returns an error if the token is not
-// an opening curly brace. It does NOT advance the token.
+// a opening curly brace. It does NOT advance the token.
 func (p *parser) openCurlyBrace() error {
 	if p.Val() != "{" {
-		if p.valLooksLikeGlobalOptionsAfterImportedSnippets() {
-			return p.Err("global options block must appear before import directives; move the global options block to the top of the Caddyfile")
-		}
 		return p.SyntaxErr("{")
 	}
 	return nil
 }

-func (p *parser) valLooksLikeGlobalOptionsAfterImportedSnippets() bool {
-	if p.Val() != "import" || len(p.block.Keys) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	for _, key := range p.block.Keys {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(key.Text, "(") || !strings.HasSuffix(key.Text, ")") {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true
-}
-
 // closeCurlyBrace expects the current token to be
 // a closing curly brace. This acts like an assertion
 // because it returns an error if the token is not
@@ -930,107 +930,6 @@ func TestAcceptSiteImportWithBraces(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestGlobalOptionsAfterImportedSnippetsGivesHelpfulError(t *testing.T) {
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	importFile1 := filepath.Join(tempDir, "matcher_snippet_1.caddy")
-	importFile2 := filepath.Join(tempDir, "matcher_snippet_2.caddy")
-
-	err := os.WriteFile(importFile1, []byte(`(matcher1)`), 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("writing first import file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(importFile2, []byte(`(matcher2)`), 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("writing second import file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = Parse("Testfile", []byte(`import `+importFile1+`
-import `+importFile2+`
-{
-	debug
-}`))
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("Expected an error, but got nil")
-	}
-
-	expected := "global options block must appear before import directives; move the global options block to the top of the Caddyfile"
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), expected) {
-		t.Errorf("Expected error to start with '%s' but got '%v'", expected, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestImportedSnippetDefinitionRetainsBlockPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	importFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "snippets.caddy")
-
-	err := os.WriteFile(importFile, []byte(`
-		(site) {
-			http://{args[0]} {
-				respond "before"
-				{block}
-				respond "after"
-			}
-		}
-	`), 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("writing imported snippet file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		name               string
-		input              string
-		expectedDirectives []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "with nested block",
-			input: `
-				import ` + importFile + `
-
-				import site example.com {
-					redir https://example.net
-				}
-			`,
-			expectedDirectives: []string{"respond", "redir", "respond"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "without nested block",
-			input: `
-				import ` + importFile + `
-
-				import site example.com
-			`,
-			expectedDirectives: []string{"respond", "respond"},
-		},
-	} {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := testParser(tc.input)
-			blocks, err := p.parseAll()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("parseAll: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if len(blocks) != 1 {
-				t.Fatalf("expected exactly one server block, got %d", len(blocks))
-			}
-
-			if actual := blocks[0].GetKeysText(); len(actual) != 1 || actual[0] != "http://example.com" {
-				t.Fatalf("expected server block key http://example.com, got %v", actual)
-			}
-
-			if len(blocks[0].Segments) != len(tc.expectedDirectives) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %d segments, got %d", len(tc.expectedDirectives), len(blocks[0].Segments))
-			}
-
-			for i, directive := range tc.expectedDirectives {
-				if actual := blocks[0].Segments[i].Directive(); actual != directive {
-					t.Fatalf("segment %d: expected directive %q, got %q", i, directive, actual)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func testParser(input string) parser {
 	return parser{Dispenser: NewTestDispenser(input)}
 }
@@ -550,11 +550,26 @@ func parseTLS(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 		}

 	case acmeIssuer != nil:
-		// implicit ACME issuers (from various subdirectives) should inherit from
-		// any globally-configured ACME issuer templates, then apply the local
-		// shortcut settings as overrides.
-		defaultIssuers := implicitACMEIssuers(h, acmeIssuer)
+		// implicit ACME issuers (from various subdirectives) - use defaults; there might be more than one
+		defaultIssuers := caddytls.DefaultIssuers(acmeIssuer.Email)
+
+		// if an ACME CA endpoint was set, the user expects to use that specific one,
+		// not any others that may be defaults, so replace all defaults with that ACME CA
+		if acmeIssuer.CA != "" {
+			defaultIssuers = []certmagic.Issuer{acmeIssuer}
+		}
+
 		for _, issuer := range defaultIssuers {
+			// apply settings from the implicitly-configured ACMEIssuer to any
+			// default ACMEIssuers, but preserve each default issuer's CA endpoint,
+			// because, for example, if you configure the DNS challenge, it should
+			// apply to any of the default ACMEIssuers, but you don't want to trample
+			// out their unique CA endpoints
+			if iss, ok := issuer.(*caddytls.ACMEIssuer); ok && iss != nil {
+				acmeCopy := *acmeIssuer
+				acmeCopy.CA = iss.CA
+				issuer = &acmeCopy
+			}
 			configVals = append(configVals, ConfigValue{
 				Class: "tls.cert_issuer",
 				Value: issuer,
@@ -653,8 +668,6 @@ func parseRoot(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 		if !h.NextArg() {
 			return nil, h.ArgErr()
 		}
-		// store the unmatched root in block state so sibling directives can access it
-		h.BlockState["root"] = h.Val()
 		return h.NewRoute(nil, caddyhttp.VarsMiddleware{"root": h.Val()}), nil
 	}

@@ -669,10 +682,6 @@ func parseRoot(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	if !h.NextArg() {
 		return nil, h.ArgErr()
 	}
-	// store the unmatched root in state so sibling/child directives can access it
-	if userMatcherSet == nil {
-		h.BlockState["root"] = h.Val()
-	}
 	// make the route with the matcher
 	return h.NewRoute(userMatcherSet, caddyhttp.VarsMiddleware{"root": h.Val()}), nil
 }
@@ -1053,7 +1062,7 @@ func parseLogHelper(h Helper, globalLogNames map[string]struct{}) ([]ConfigValue
 					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
-					interval, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+					interval, err := time.ParseDuration(d.Val() + "ns")
 					if err != nil {
 						return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse interval: %v", err)
 					}
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 			input: `:8080 {
 				log {
 					sampling {
-						interval 2s
+						interval 2
 						first 3
 						thereafter 4
 					}
 				}
 			}
 			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"sampling":{"interval":2000000000,"first":3,"thereafter":4},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"sampling":{"interval":2,"first":3,"thereafter":4},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 	} {
@@ -202,10 +202,7 @@ func RegisterGlobalOption(opt string, setupFunc UnmarshalGlobalFunc) {
 type Helper struct {
 	*caddyfile.Dispenser
 	// State stores intermediate variables during caddyfile adaptation.
-	State map[string]any
-	// BlockState stores intermediate variables scoped to the current block.
-	// It propagates down, but unlike state not back up from child to parent.
-	BlockState   map[string]any
+	State        map[string]any
 	options      map[string]any
 	warnings     *[]caddyconfig.Warning
 	matcherDefs  map[string]caddy.ModuleMap
@@ -388,11 +385,6 @@ func parseSegmentAsConfig(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			}
 		}

-		// clone BlockState once for the entire block so sibling directives
-		// can share state, but changes don't leak to the parent scope
-		subBlockState := make(map[string]any, len(h.BlockState))
-		maps.Copy(subBlockState, h.BlockState)
-
 		// with matchers ready to go, evaluate each directive's segment
 		for _, seg := range segments {
 			dir := seg.Directive()
@@ -404,7 +396,6 @@ func parseSegmentAsConfig(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 			subHelper := h
 			subHelper.Dispenser = caddyfile.NewDispenser(seg)
 			subHelper.matcherDefs = matcherDefs
-			subHelper.BlockState = subBlockState

 			results, err := dirFunc(subHelper)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 				parentBlock:  sb.block,
 				groupCounter: gc,
 				State:        state,
-				BlockState:   state,
 			}

 			results, err := dirFunc(h)
@@ -505,7 +504,6 @@ func (ServerType) extractNamedRoutes(
 			parentBlock:  sb.block,
 			groupCounter: gc,
 			State:        state,
-			BlockState:   state,
 		}

 		handler, err := ParseSegmentAsSubroute(h)
@@ -824,7 +822,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				// https://caddy.community/t/making-sense-of-auto-https-and-why-disabling-it-still-serves-https-instead-of-http/9761
 				createdTLSConnPolicies, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]
 				hasTLSEnabled := (ok && len(createdTLSConnPolicies) > 0) ||
-					(addr.Host != "" && (srv.AutoHTTPS == nil || !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host)))
+					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))

 				// we'll need to remember if the address qualifies for auto-HTTPS, so we
 				// can add a TLS conn policy if necessary
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package httpcaddyfile

 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )

 func TestMatcherSyntax(t *testing.T) {
@@ -211,53 +209,3 @@ func TestGlobalOptions(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func TestDefaultSNIWithoutHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
-	caddyfileStr := `{
-		default_sni my-sni.com
-	}
-	example.com {
-	}`
-
-	adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
-		ServerType: ServerType{},
-	}
-
-	result, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(caddyfileStr), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to adapt Caddyfile: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var config struct {
-		Apps struct {
-			HTTP struct {
-				Servers map[string]*caddyhttp.Server `json:"servers"`
-			} `json:"http"`
-		} `json:"apps"`
-	}
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(result, &config); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to unmarshal JSON config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	server, ok := config.Apps.HTTP.Servers["srv0"]
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected server 'srv0' to be created")
-	}
-
-	if len(server.TLSConnPolicies) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected TLS connection policies to be generated, got none")
-	}
-
-	found := false
-	for _, policy := range server.TLSConnPolicies {
-		if policy.DefaultSNI == "my-sni.com" {
-			found = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !found {
-		t.Errorf("Expected default_sni 'my-sni.com' in TLS connection policies, but it was missing. Generated JSON: %s", string(result))
-	}
-}
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("persist_config", parseOptPersistConfig)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("dns", parseOptDNS)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("tls_resolvers", parseOptTLSResolvers)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ech", parseOptECH)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("renewal_window_ratio", parseOptRenewalWindowRatio)
 }
@@ -307,15 +306,6 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return val, nil
 }

-func parseOptTLSResolvers(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume option name
-	resolvers := d.RemainingArgs()
-	if len(resolvers) == 0 {
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	return resolvers, nil
-}
-
 func parseOptDefaultBind(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name

@@ -484,8 +474,6 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 			metrics.PerHost = true
 		case "observe_catchall_hosts":
 			metrics.ObserveCatchallHosts = true
-		case "otlp":
-			metrics.OTLP = true
 		default:
 			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 package httpcaddyfile

 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
-	"time"

-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 	_ "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/logging"
 )

@@ -66,228 +62,3 @@ func TestGlobalLogOptionSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func TestGlobalResolversOption(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name            string
-		input           string
-		expectResolvers []string
-		expectError     bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "single resolver",
-			input: `{
-				tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1
-			}
-			example.com {
-			}`,
-			expectResolvers: []string{"1.1.1.1"},
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "two resolvers",
-			input: `{
-				tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
-			}
-			example.com {
-			}`,
-			expectResolvers: []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"},
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "multiple resolvers",
-			input: `{
-				tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8 9.9.9.9
-			}
-			example.com {
-			}`,
-			expectResolvers: []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8", "9.9.9.9"},
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "no resolvers specified",
-			input: `{
-			}
-			example.com {
-			}`,
-			expectResolvers: nil,
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
-				ServerType: ServerType{},
-			}
-
-			out, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(tc.input), nil)
-
-			if (err != nil) != tc.expectError {
-				t.Errorf("error expectation failed. Expected error: %v, got: %v", tc.expectError, err)
-				return
-			}
-
-			if tc.expectError {
-				return
-			}
-
-			// Parse the output JSON to check resolvers
-			var config struct {
-				Apps struct {
-					TLS *caddytls.TLS `json:"tls"`
-				} `json:"apps"`
-			}
-
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &config); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("failed to unmarshal output: %v", err)
-				return
-			}
-
-			// Check if resolvers match expected
-			if config.Apps.TLS == nil {
-				if tc.expectResolvers != nil {
-					t.Errorf("Expected TLS config with resolvers %v, but TLS config is nil", tc.expectResolvers)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-
-			actualResolvers := config.Apps.TLS.Resolvers
-			if len(tc.expectResolvers) == 0 && len(actualResolvers) == 0 {
-				return // Both empty, ok
-			}
-			if len(actualResolvers) != len(tc.expectResolvers) {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %d resolvers, got %d. Expected: %v, got: %v", len(tc.expectResolvers), len(actualResolvers), tc.expectResolvers, actualResolvers)
-				return
-			}
-			for j, expected := range tc.expectResolvers {
-				if actualResolvers[j] != expected {
-					t.Errorf("Resolver %d mismatch. Expected: %s, got: %s", j, expected, actualResolvers[j])
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGlobalCertIssuerAppliesToImplicitACMEIssuer(t *testing.T) {
-	adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{
-		ServerType: ServerType{},
-	}
-
-	input := `{
-		cert_issuer acme {
-			disable_tlsalpn_challenge
-		}
-	}
-	report.company.intern {
-		tls {
-			ca https://deglacme01.company.intern/acme/acme/directory
-			ca_root /etc/certs/company_root2.crt
-		}
-		respond "ok"
-	}`
-
-	out, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(input), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("adapting caddyfile: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var config struct {
-		Apps struct {
-			TLS *caddytls.TLS `json:"tls"`
-		} `json:"apps"`
-	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &config); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unmarshaling adapted config: %v", err)
-	}
-	if config.Apps.TLS == nil || config.Apps.TLS.Automation == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected tls automation config")
-	}
-
-	var subjectPolicy *caddytls.AutomationPolicy
-	for _, ap := range config.Apps.TLS.Automation.Policies {
-		if len(ap.SubjectsRaw) == 1 && ap.SubjectsRaw[0] == "report.company.intern" {
-			subjectPolicy = ap
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if subjectPolicy == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected subject-specific automation policy")
-	}
-	if len(subjectPolicy.IssuersRaw) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected one issuer for subject-specific policy, got %d", len(subjectPolicy.IssuersRaw))
-	}
-
-	var issuer caddytls.ACMEIssuer
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(subjectPolicy.IssuersRaw[0], &issuer); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unmarshaling issuer: %v", err)
-	}
-	if issuer.CA != "https://deglacme01.company.intern/acme/acme/directory" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected custom ACME CA, got %q", issuer.CA)
-	}
-	if len(issuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles) != 1 || issuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles[0] != "/etc/certs/company_root2.crt" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected trusted roots to include site CA root, got %v", issuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles)
-	}
-	if issuer.Challenges == nil || issuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || !issuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.Disabled {
-		t.Fatalf("expected tls-alpn challenge to be disabled, got %#v", issuer.Challenges)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMergeACMEIssuers(t *testing.T) {
-	base := &caddytls.ACMEIssuer{
-		Email: "ops@example.com",
-		Challenges: &caddytls.ChallengesConfig{
-			HTTP: &caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig{
-				AlternatePort: 8080,
-			},
-			TLSALPN: &caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig{
-				Disabled:      true,
-				AlternatePort: 8443,
-			},
-			DNS: &caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig{
-				Resolvers:      []string{"1.1.1.1"},
-				OverrideDomain: "_acme-challenge.example.net",
-			},
-		},
-		TrustedRootsPEMFiles: []string{"global.pem"},
-	}
-	overrides := &caddytls.ACMEIssuer{
-		CA: "https://deglacme01.company.intern/acme/acme/directory",
-		Challenges: &caddytls.ChallengesConfig{
-			HTTP: &caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig{
-				Disabled: true,
-			},
-			DNS: &caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig{
-				PropagationTimeout: caddy.Duration(time.Minute),
-			},
-		},
-		TrustedRootsPEMFiles: []string{"site.pem"},
-	}
-
-	merged := mergeACMEIssuers(base, overrides)
-	if merged.CA != overrides.CA {
-		t.Fatalf("expected merged CA %q, got %q", overrides.CA, merged.CA)
-	}
-	if merged.Email != base.Email {
-		t.Fatalf("expected merged email %q, got %q", base.Email, merged.Email)
-	}
-	if len(merged.TrustedRootsPEMFiles) != 2 || merged.TrustedRootsPEMFiles[0] != "global.pem" || merged.TrustedRootsPEMFiles[1] != "site.pem" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected merged roots [global.pem site.pem], got %v", merged.TrustedRootsPEMFiles)
-	}
-	if merged.Challenges == nil || merged.Challenges.HTTP == nil || !merged.Challenges.HTTP.Disabled || merged.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort != 8080 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected merged HTTP challenge config to preserve alternate port and apply disable flag, got %#v", merged.Challenges)
-	}
-	if merged.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || !merged.Challenges.TLSALPN.Disabled || merged.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort != 8443 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected merged TLS-ALPN challenge config to preserve global settings, got %#v", merged.Challenges)
-	}
-	if merged.Challenges.DNS == nil || merged.Challenges.DNS.PropagationTimeout != caddy.Duration(time.Minute) || len(merged.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers) != 1 || merged.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers[0] != "1.1.1.1" || merged.Challenges.DNS.OverrideDomain != "_acme-challenge.example.net" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected merged DNS challenge config to preserve global values and apply overrides, got %#v", merged.Challenges)
-	}
-
-	if base.CA != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected base issuer to remain unchanged, got CA %q", base.CA)
-	}
-	if len(base.TrustedRootsPEMFiles) != 1 || base.TrustedRootsPEMFiles[0] != "global.pem" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected base roots to remain unchanged, got %v", base.TrustedRootsPEMFiles)
-	}
-}
@@ -334,11 +334,6 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.DNSRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalDNS, "name", globalDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
 	}

-	// set up "global" (to the TLS app) DNS resolvers config
-	if globalResolvers, ok := options["tls_resolvers"]; ok && globalResolvers != nil {
-		tlsApp.Resolvers = globalResolvers.([]string)
-	}
-
 	// set up ECH from Caddyfile options
 	if ech, ok := options["ech"].(*caddytls.ECH); ok {
 		tlsApp.EncryptedClientHello = ech
@@ -600,301 +595,9 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalCertLifetime != nil && acmeIssuer.CertificateLifetime == 0 {
 		acmeIssuer.CertificateLifetime = globalCertLifetime.(caddy.Duration)
 	}
-	// apply global resolvers if DNS challenge is configured and resolvers are not already set
-	globalResolvers := options["tls_resolvers"]
-	if globalResolvers != nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges != nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS != nil {
-		// Check if DNS challenge is actually configured
-		hasDNSChallenge := globalACMEDNSok || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw != nil
-		if hasDNSChallenge && len(acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers) == 0 {
-			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.Resolvers = globalResolvers.([]string)
-		}
-	}
 	return nil
 }

-// implicitACMEIssuers returns the issuers to use for ACME-related tls
-// shortcuts such as ca, ca_root, and dns. If any global cert_issuer options
-// configure ACME issuers, those become the templates for the local shortcut
-// configuration; otherwise, default ACME issuers are used.
-func implicitACMEIssuers(h Helper, acmeIssuer *caddytls.ACMEIssuer) []certmagic.Issuer {
-	globalIssuers, _ := h.Option("cert_issuer").([]certmagic.Issuer)
-
-	var implicitIssuers []certmagic.Issuer
-	for _, issuer := range globalIssuers {
-		acmeWrapper, ok := issuer.(acmeCapable)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		baseIssuer := acmeWrapper.GetACMEIssuer()
-		if baseIssuer == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		implicitIssuers = append(implicitIssuers, mergeACMEIssuers(baseIssuer, acmeIssuer))
-	}
-	if len(implicitIssuers) > 0 {
-		return implicitIssuers
-	}
-
-	// If an ACME CA endpoint was set locally, the user expects to use only that
-	// CA rather than the usual default fallback issuers.
-	defaultIssuers := caddytls.DefaultIssuers(acmeIssuer.Email)
-	if acmeIssuer.CA != "" {
-		defaultIssuers = []certmagic.Issuer{new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)}
-	}
-
-	implicitIssuers = make([]certmagic.Issuer, 0, len(defaultIssuers))
-	for _, issuer := range defaultIssuers {
-		acmeWrapper, ok := issuer.(acmeCapable)
-		if !ok {
-			implicitIssuers = append(implicitIssuers, issuer)
-			continue
-		}
-		baseIssuer := acmeWrapper.GetACMEIssuer()
-		if baseIssuer == nil {
-			implicitIssuers = append(implicitIssuers, issuer)
-			continue
-		}
-		implicitIssuers = append(implicitIssuers, mergeACMEIssuers(baseIssuer, acmeIssuer))
-	}
-	return implicitIssuers
-}
-
-func mergeACMEIssuers(base, overrides *caddytls.ACMEIssuer) *caddytls.ACMEIssuer {
-	if base == nil {
-		return cloneACMEIssuer(overrides)
-	}
-
-	merged := cloneACMEIssuer(base)
-	if overrides == nil {
-		return merged
-	}
-
-	if overrides.CA != "" {
-		merged.CA = overrides.CA
-	}
-	if overrides.TestCA != "" {
-		merged.TestCA = overrides.TestCA
-	}
-	if overrides.Email != "" {
-		merged.Email = overrides.Email
-	}
-	if overrides.Profile != "" {
-		merged.Profile = overrides.Profile
-	}
-	if overrides.AccountKey != "" {
-		merged.AccountKey = overrides.AccountKey
-	}
-	if overrides.ExternalAccount != nil {
-		merged.ExternalAccount = cloneACMEEAB(overrides.ExternalAccount)
-	}
-	if overrides.ACMETimeout != 0 {
-		merged.ACMETimeout = overrides.ACMETimeout
-	}
-	if len(overrides.TrustedRootsPEMFiles) > 0 {
-		merged.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = appendUniqueStrings(merged.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, overrides.TrustedRootsPEMFiles...)
-	}
-	if overrides.PreferredChains != nil {
-		merged.PreferredChains = cloneChainPreference(overrides.PreferredChains)
-	}
-	if overrides.CertificateLifetime != 0 {
-		merged.CertificateLifetime = overrides.CertificateLifetime
-	}
-	if len(overrides.NetworkProxyRaw) > 0 {
-		merged.NetworkProxyRaw = slices.Clone(overrides.NetworkProxyRaw)
-	}
-	merged.Challenges = mergeChallengesConfig(merged.Challenges, overrides.Challenges)
-
-	return merged
-}
-
-func mergeChallengesConfig(base, overrides *caddytls.ChallengesConfig) *caddytls.ChallengesConfig {
-	if base == nil {
-		return cloneChallengesConfig(overrides)
-	}
-	merged := cloneChallengesConfig(base)
-	if overrides == nil {
-		return merged
-	}
-
-	merged.HTTP = mergeHTTPChallengeConfig(merged.HTTP, overrides.HTTP)
-	merged.TLSALPN = mergeTLSALPNChallengeConfig(merged.TLSALPN, overrides.TLSALPN)
-	merged.DNS = mergeDNSChallengeConfig(merged.DNS, overrides.DNS)
-	if overrides.BindHost != "" {
-		merged.BindHost = overrides.BindHost
-	}
-	if overrides.Distributed != nil {
-		value := *overrides.Distributed
-		merged.Distributed = &value
-	}
-
-	return merged
-}
-
-func mergeHTTPChallengeConfig(base, overrides *caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig) *caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig {
-	if base == nil {
-		return cloneHTTPChallengeConfig(overrides)
-	}
-	merged := cloneHTTPChallengeConfig(base)
-	if overrides == nil {
-		return merged
-	}
-
-	if overrides.Disabled {
-		merged.Disabled = true
-	}
-	if overrides.AlternatePort != 0 {
-		merged.AlternatePort = overrides.AlternatePort
-	}
-
-	return merged
-}
-
-func mergeTLSALPNChallengeConfig(base, overrides *caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig) *caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig {
-	if base == nil {
-		return cloneTLSALPNChallengeConfig(overrides)
-	}
-	merged := cloneTLSALPNChallengeConfig(base)
-	if overrides == nil {
-		return merged
-	}
-
-	if overrides.Disabled {
-		merged.Disabled = true
-	}
-	if overrides.AlternatePort != 0 {
-		merged.AlternatePort = overrides.AlternatePort
-	}
-
-	return merged
-}
-
-func mergeDNSChallengeConfig(base, overrides *caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig) *caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig {
-	if base == nil {
-		return cloneDNSChallengeConfig(overrides)
-	}
-	merged := cloneDNSChallengeConfig(base)
-	if overrides == nil {
-		return merged
-	}
-
-	if len(overrides.ProviderRaw) > 0 {
-		merged.ProviderRaw = slices.Clone(overrides.ProviderRaw)
-	}
-	if overrides.PropagationDelay != 0 {
-		merged.PropagationDelay = overrides.PropagationDelay
-	}
-	if overrides.PropagationTimeout != 0 {
-		merged.PropagationTimeout = overrides.PropagationTimeout
-	}
-	if overrides.Resolvers != nil {
-		merged.Resolvers = slices.Clone(overrides.Resolvers)
-	}
-	if overrides.OverrideDomain != "" {
-		merged.OverrideDomain = overrides.OverrideDomain
-	}
-	if overrides.TTL != 0 {
-		merged.TTL = overrides.TTL
-	}
-
-	return merged
-}
-
-func cloneACMEIssuer(iss *caddytls.ACMEIssuer) *caddytls.ACMEIssuer {
-	if iss == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *iss
-	cloned.Challenges = cloneChallengesConfig(iss.Challenges)
-	cloned.ExternalAccount = cloneACMEEAB(iss.ExternalAccount)
-	cloned.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = slices.Clone(iss.TrustedRootsPEMFiles)
-	cloned.PreferredChains = cloneChainPreference(iss.PreferredChains)
-	cloned.NetworkProxyRaw = slices.Clone(iss.NetworkProxyRaw)
-
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func cloneChallengesConfig(cfg *caddytls.ChallengesConfig) *caddytls.ChallengesConfig {
-	if cfg == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *cfg
-	cloned.HTTP = cloneHTTPChallengeConfig(cfg.HTTP)
-	cloned.TLSALPN = cloneTLSALPNChallengeConfig(cfg.TLSALPN)
-	cloned.DNS = cloneDNSChallengeConfig(cfg.DNS)
-	if cfg.Distributed != nil {
-		value := *cfg.Distributed
-		cloned.Distributed = &value
-	}
-
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func cloneHTTPChallengeConfig(cfg *caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig) *caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig {
-	if cfg == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *cfg
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func cloneTLSALPNChallengeConfig(cfg *caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig) *caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig {
-	if cfg == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *cfg
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func cloneDNSChallengeConfig(cfg *caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig) *caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig {
-	if cfg == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *cfg
-	cloned.ProviderRaw = slices.Clone(cfg.ProviderRaw)
-	cloned.Resolvers = slices.Clone(cfg.Resolvers)
-
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func cloneACMEEAB(eab *acme.EAB) *acme.EAB {
-	if eab == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *eab
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func cloneChainPreference(pref *caddytls.ChainPreference) *caddytls.ChainPreference {
-	if pref == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	cloned := *pref
-	cloned.RootCommonName = slices.Clone(pref.RootCommonName)
-	cloned.AnyCommonName = slices.Clone(pref.AnyCommonName)
-	if pref.Smallest != nil {
-		value := *pref.Smallest
-		cloned.Smallest = &value
-	}
-
-	return &cloned
-}
-
-func appendUniqueStrings(existing []string, additions ...string) []string {
-	for _, value := range additions {
-		if !slices.Contains(existing, value) {
-			existing = append(existing, value)
-		}
-	}
-	return existing
-}
-
 // newBaseAutomationPolicy returns a new TLS automation policy that gets
 // its values from the global options map. It should be used as the base
 // for any other automation policies. A nil policy (and no error) will be
@@ -981,31 +684,14 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 	emptyAPCount := 0
 	origLenAPs := len(aps)
 	// compute the number of empty policies (disregarding subjects) - see #4128
-	// while we're at it,
 	emptyAP := new(caddytls.AutomationPolicy)
 	for i := 0; i < len(aps); i++ {
 		emptyAP.SubjectsRaw = aps[i].SubjectsRaw
-		emptyAP.ManagersRaw = nil
 		if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], emptyAP) {
-			// AP is empty
 			emptyAPCount++
-
-			// see if this AP shadows something later
-			shadowIdx := automationPolicyShadows(i, aps)
-			emptyAP.SubjectsRaw = nil
-			if shadowIdx >= 0 {
-				emptyAP.SubjectsRaw = aps[shadowIdx].SubjectsRaw
-				// allow the later policy, which is likely for a wildcard, to have cert
-				// managers ("get_certificate"), since wildcards now cover specific
-				// subdomains by default, when configured (see discussion in #7559)
-				emptyAP.ManagersRaw = aps[shadowIdx].ManagersRaw
-			}
-
-			// if this is the last AP, we can delete it, since auto-https should
-			// pick it up; if it shadows something later that is also empty, we
-			// can similarly delete this; but if it shadows something that is NOT
-			// empty, we must not delete it since the shadowing has a purpose
-			if i == len(aps)-1 || (shadowIdx >= 0 && reflect.DeepEqual(aps[shadowIdx], emptyAP)) {
+			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
+				// if this automation policy has internal names, we might as well remove it
+				// so auto-https can implicitly use the internal issuer
 				aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 				i--
 			}
@@ -1036,7 +722,7 @@ outer:
 			// otherwise the one without any subjects (a catch-all) would be
 			// eaten up by the one with subjects; and if both have subjects, we
 			// need to combine their lists
-			if automationPoliciesHaveSameIssuers(aps[i], aps[j]) &&
+			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i].IssuersRaw, aps[j].IssuersRaw) &&
 				reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i].ManagersRaw, aps[j].ManagersRaw) &&
 				bytes.Equal(aps[i].StorageRaw, aps[j].StorageRaw) &&
 				aps[i].MustStaple == aps[j].MustStaple &&
@@ -1128,58 +814,6 @@ func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) b
 		(strings.Count(subj, "*.") < 2 || ap.OnDemand)
 }

-func automationPoliciesHaveSameIssuers(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	if reflect.DeepEqual(a.IssuersRaw, b.IssuersRaw) {
-		return automationPoliciesHaveCompatibleImplicitIssuers(a, b)
-	}
-	return automationPolicyUsesDefaultInternalIssuer(a) && automationPolicyUsesDefaultInternalIssuer(b)
-}
-
-func automationPolicyUsesDefaultInternalIssuer(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	if len(ap.IssuersRaw) == 0 && len(ap.Issuers) == 0 {
-		return automationPolicyImplicitIssuerClass(ap) == "internal"
-	}
-	return len(ap.IssuersRaw) == 1 &&
-		len(ap.Issuers) == 0 &&
-		string(bytes.TrimSpace(ap.IssuersRaw[0])) == `{"module":"internal"}`
-}
-
-// automationPoliciesHaveCompatibleImplicitIssuers returns whether two policies
-// without explicit issuers can be consolidated without changing default issuer
-// selection for their subjects.
-func automationPoliciesHaveCompatibleImplicitIssuers(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	if len(a.IssuersRaw) > 0 || len(a.Issuers) > 0 ||
-		len(b.IssuersRaw) > 0 || len(b.Issuers) > 0 {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	aClass := automationPolicyImplicitIssuerClass(a)
-	bClass := automationPolicyImplicitIssuerClass(b)
-	return aClass == "catch-all" || bClass == "catch-all" || aClass == bClass
-}
-
-func automationPolicyImplicitIssuerClass(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) string {
-	if len(ap.SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
-		return "catch-all"
-	}
-
-	hasPublic := slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(subj string) bool {
-		return subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj)
-	})
-	hasInternal := slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(subj string) bool {
-		return !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj)
-	})
-
-	switch {
-	case hasPublic && hasInternal:
-		return "mixed"
-	case hasPublic:
-		return "public"
-	default:
-		return "internal"
-	}
-}
-
 // automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames returns true if all the names on the policy
 // do NOT qualify for public certs OR are tailscale domains.
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 )

@@ -55,20 +54,3 @@ func TestAutomationPolicyIsSubset(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func TestAutomationPoliciesAllowSameHostOnDifferentPorts(t *testing.T) {
-	input := `https://example.com:5000 localhost:5000 {
-	respond "one"
-}
-
-https://example.net localhost:8080 {
-	respond "two"
-}
-`
-
-	adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{ServerType: ServerType{}}
-	_, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(input), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("adapting Caddyfile: %v", err)
-	}
-}
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func doHttpCallWithRetries(ctx caddy.Context, client *http.Client, request *http
 	var err error
 	const maxAttempts = 10

-	for i := range maxAttempts {
+	for i := 0; i < maxAttempts; i++ {
 		resp, err = attemptHttpCall(client, request)
 		if err != nil && i < maxAttempts-1 {
 			select {
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int)
 	return resp
 }

-// AssertResponse requests a URI and asserts the status code and body.
+// AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
 func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()

@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expe

 // Verb specific test functions

-// AssertGetResponse requests a URI with GET and expects a status code and body text.
+// AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
 func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()

@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, e
 	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
 }

-// AssertDeleteResponse requests a URI with DELETE and expects a status code and body text.
+// AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
 func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()

@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int
 	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
 }

-// AssertPostResponseBody requests a URI with POST and asserts the response code and body.
+// AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()

@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []str
 	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
 }

-// AssertPutResponseBody requests a URI with PUT and asserts the response code and body.
+// AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()

@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []stri
 	return tc.AssertResponse(req, expectedStatusCode, expectedBody)
 }

-// AssertPatchResponseBody requests a URI with PATCH and asserts the response code and body.
+// AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
 	tc.t.Helper()

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package caddytest

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -127,118 +126,3 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
 }
-
-func TestCheckID(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
-		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
-		},
-		"apps": {
-			"http": {
-				"http_port": 9080,
-				"servers": {
-					"s_server": {
-						"@id": "s_server",
-						"listen": [
-							":9080"
-						],
-						"routes": [
-							{
-								"handle": [
-									{
-										"handler": "static_response",
-										"body": "Hello"
-									}
-								]
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	`, "json")
-	headers := []string{"Content-Type:application/json"}
-	sServer1 := []byte(`{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"Hello 2"}]}]}`)
-
-	// PUT to an existing ID should fail with a 409 conflict
-	tester.AssertPutResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer(sServer1),
-		409,
-		`{"error":"[/config/apps/http/servers/s_server] key already exists: s_server"}`+"\n")
-
-	// POST replaces the object fully
-	tester.AssertPostResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer(sServer1),
-		200,
-		"")
-
-	// Verify the server is running the new route
-	tester.AssertGetResponse(
-		"http://localhost:9080/",
-		200,
-		"Hello 2")
-
-	// Update the existing route to ensure IDs are handled correctly when replaced
-	tester.AssertPostResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(`{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"Hello2"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}]}`)),
-		200,
-		"")
-
-	sServer2 := []byte(`{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"Hello2"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}]}`)
-
-	// Identical patch should succeed and return 200 (config is unchanged branch)
-	tester.AssertPatchResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/s_server",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer(sServer2),
-		200,
-		"")
-
-	route2 := []byte(`{"@id":"route2","handle": [{"handler": "static_response","body": "route2"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_2/*"]}]}`)
-
-	// Put a new route2 object before the route1 object due to the path of /id/route1
-	// Being translated to: /config/apps/http/servers/s_server/routes/0
-	tester.AssertPutResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/route1",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer(route2),
-		200,
-		"")
-
-	// Verify that the whole config looks correct, now containing both route1 and route2
-	tester.AssertGetResponse(
-		"http://localhost:2999/config/",
-		200,
-		`{"admin":{"listen":"localhost:2999"},"apps":{"http":{"http_port":9080,"servers":{"s_server":{"@id":"s_server","listen":[":9080"],"routes":[{"@id":"route2","handle":[{"body":"route2","handler":"static_response"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_2/*"]}]},{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"body":"Hello2","handler":"static_response"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}]}}}}}`+"\n")
-
-	// Try to add another copy of route2 using POST to test duplicate ID handling
-	// Since the first route2 ended up at array index 0, and we are appending to the array, the index for the new element would be 2
-	tester.AssertPostResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/route2",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer(route2),
-		400,
-		`{"error":"indexing config: duplicate ID 'route2' found at /config/apps/http/servers/s_server/routes/0 and /config/apps/http/servers/s_server/routes/2"}`+"\n")
-
-	// Use PATCH to modify an existing object successfully
-	tester.AssertPatchResponseBody(
-		"http://localhost:2999/id/route1",
-		headers,
-		bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(`{"@id":"route1","handle":[{"handler":"static_response","body":"route1"}],"match":[{"path":["/route_1/*"]}]}`)),
-		200,
-		"")
-
-	// Verify the PATCH updated the server state
-	tester.AssertGetResponse(
-		"http://localhost:9080/route_1/",
-		200,
-		"route1")
-}
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 		Client: &acme.Client{
 			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core(), zapslog.WithName("acmez"))),
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 		Client: &acme.Client{
 			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
 			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
-			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core(), zapslog.WithName("acmez"))),
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		},
 		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
 			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
@@ -55,28 +55,6 @@ func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsExplicitPortDifferentFromHTTPSPort(t *testing.T
 	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost:1234/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 }

-func TestAutoHTTPtoHTTPSRedirectsPreferHTTPSPortOverAlternatePort(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
-		local_certs
-	}
-	localhost {
-		respond "Canonical"
-	}
-
-	localhost:10443 {
-		respond "Alternate"
-	}
-  `, "caddyfile")
-
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://localhost:9080/", "https://localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-}
-
 func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsWithHTTPListenerFirstInAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
 	tester.InitServer(`
@@ -165,26 +143,3 @@ func TestAutoHTTPRedirectsInsertedBeforeUserDefinedCatchAllWithNoExplicitHTTPSit
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://foo.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://baz.localhost:9080/", 200, "Foo")
 }
-
-func TestAutoHTTPSRedirectSortingExactMatchOverWildcard(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
-    {
-        skip_install_trust
-        admin localhost:2999
-        http_port     9080
-        https_port    9443
-        local_certs
-    }
-    *.localhost:10443 {
-        respond "Wildcard"
-    }
-    dev.localhost {
-        respond "Exact"
-    }
-  `, "caddyfile")
-
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://dev.localhost:9080/", "https://dev.localhost/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-
-	tester.AssertRedirect("http://foo.localhost:9080/", "https://foo.localhost:10443/", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
-}
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ encode gzip zstd {

 # Long way with a block for each encoding
 encode {
-	zstd {
-		disable_checksum
-	}
+	zstd
 	gzip 5
 }

@@ -73,9 +71,7 @@ encode
 										"gzip": {
 											"level": 5
 										},
-										"zstd": {
-											"checksum": false
-										}
+										"zstd": {}
 									},
 									"handler": "encode",
 									"prefer": [
@@ -46,18 +46,6 @@ app.example.com {
 																		}
 																	]
 																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"delete": [
-																					"Remote-Email"
-																				]
-																			}
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
 																{
 																	"handle": [
 																		{
@@ -85,18 +73,6 @@ app.example.com {
 																		}
 																	]
 																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"delete": [
-																					"Remote-Groups"
-																				]
-																			}
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
 																{
 																	"handle": [
 																		{
@@ -124,18 +100,6 @@ app.example.com {
 																		}
 																	]
 																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"delete": [
-																					"Remote-Name"
-																				]
-																			}
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
 																{
 																	"handle": [
 																		{
@@ -163,18 +127,6 @@ app.example.com {
 																		}
 																	]
 																},
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"delete": [
-																					"Remote-User"
-																				]
-																			}
-																		}
-																	]
-																},
 																{
 																	"handle": [
 																		{
@@ -248,4 +200,4 @@ app.example.com {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
+}
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-:8080
-
-forward_auth 127.0.0.1:9091 {
-	uri /
-	copy_headers X-User-Id X-User-Role
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8080"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handle_response": [
-										{
-											"match": {
-												"status_code": [
-													2
-												]
-											},
-											"routes": [
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "vars"
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"X-User-Id"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
-																	"X-User-Id": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.X-User-Id}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.X-User-Id}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"X-User-Role"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
-																	"X-User-Role": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.X-User-Role}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													],
-													"match": [
-														{
-															"not": [
-																{
-																	"vars": {
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.X-User-Role}": [
-																			""
-																		]
-																	}
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									],
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"headers": {
-										"request": {
-											"set": {
-												"X-Forwarded-Method": [
-													"{http.request.method}"
-												],
-												"X-Forwarded-Uri": [
-													"{http.request.uri}"
-												]
-											}
-										}
-									},
-									"rewrite": {
-										"method": "GET",
-										"uri": "/"
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "127.0.0.1:9091"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -35,18 +35,6 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 														}
 													]
 												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"1"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -74,18 +62,6 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 														}
 													]
 												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"B"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -113,18 +89,6 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 														}
 													]
 												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"3"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -152,18 +116,6 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 														}
 													]
 												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"D"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -191,18 +143,6 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 														}
 													]
 												},
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"delete": [
-																	"5"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												},
 												{
 													"handle": [
 														{
@@ -263,4 +203,4 @@ forward_auth localhost:9000 {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
 	log {
 		sampling {
-			interval 5m
+			interval 300
 			first 50
 			thereafter 40
 		}
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 		"logs": {
 			"default": {
 				"sampling": {
-					"interval": 300000000000,
+					"interval": 300,
 					"first": 50,
 					"thereafter": 40
 				}
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-{
-	email test@example.com
-	dns mock
-	tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
-	acme_dns
-}
-
-example.com {
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							},
-							{
-								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			},
-			"dns": {
-				"name": "mock"
-			},
-			"resolvers": [
-				"1.1.1.1",
-				"8.8.8.8"
-			]
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-{
-	tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
-}
-
-example.com {
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"resolvers": [
-				"1.1.1.1",
-				"8.8.8.8"
-			]
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-{
-	email test@example.com
-	dns mock
-	tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
-}
-
-example.com {
-	tls {
-		dns mock
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"provider": {
-											"name": "mock"
-										},
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			},
-			"dns": {
-				"name": "mock"
-			},
-			"resolvers": [
-				"1.1.1.1",
-				"8.8.8.8"
-			]
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-{
-	email test@example.com
-	dns mock
-	tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
-	acme_dns
-}
-
-example.com {
-	tls {
-		resolvers 9.9.9.9
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"9.9.9.9"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					},
-					{
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							},
-							{
-								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			},
-			"dns": {
-				"name": "mock"
-			},
-			"resolvers": [
-				"1.1.1.1",
-				"8.8.8.8"
-			]
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-{
-	email test@example.com
-	dns mock
-	tls_resolvers 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
-	acme_dns
-}
-
-site1.example.com {
-}
-
-site2.example.com {
-	tls {
-		resolvers 9.9.9.9 8.8.4.4
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"site1.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"site2.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"site2.example.com"
-						],
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"9.9.9.9",
-											"8.8.4.4"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					},
-					{
-						"issuers": [
-							{
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							},
-							{
-								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
-								"challenges": {
-									"dns": {
-										"resolvers": [
-											"1.1.1.1",
-											"8.8.8.8"
-										]
-									}
-								},
-								"email": "test@example.com",
-								"module": "acme"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			},
-			"dns": {
-				"name": "mock"
-			},
-			"resolvers": [
-				"1.1.1.1",
-				"8.8.8.8"
-			]
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ handle {
    END!
 }
 ----------
-heredoc marker on line #4 must contain only alphanumeric characters, dashes and underscores; got 'END!'
+heredoc marker on line #4 must contain only alpha-numeric characters, dashes and underscores; got 'END!'
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-  admin off
-  auto_https off
-}
-
-import testdata/issue_7557_invalid_subdirective_snippet.conf
-
-:8080 {
-  import test {
-  	this_is_nonsense
-  }
-}
-
----------
-parsing caddyfile tokens for 'reverse_proxy': unrecognized subdirective this_is_nonsense
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-import testdata/issue_7518_unused_block_panic_snippets.conf
-
-example.com {
-	import snippet
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handler": "headers",
-													"response": {
-														"set": {
-															"Reverse_proxy": [
-																"localhost:3000"
-															]
-														}
-													}
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-{
-	log {
-		format journald {
-			wrap console
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-:80 {
-	respond "Hello, World!"
-}
----------
-{
-	"logging": {
-		"logs": {
-			"default": {
-				"encoder": {
-					"format": "journald",
-					"wrap": {
-						"format": "console"
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	},
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"body": "Hello, World!",
-									"handler": "static_response"
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,47 +1,27 @@
 :80

-log one {
+log {
 	output file /var/log/access.log {
-		mode 0644
-		dir_mode 0755
 		roll_size 1gb
 		roll_uncompressed
-		roll_compression none
 		roll_local_time
 		roll_keep 5
 		roll_keep_for 90d
 	}
 }
-log two {
-	output file /var/log/access-2.log {
-		mode 0777
-		dir_mode from_file
-		roll_size 1gib
-		roll_compression zstd
-		roll_interval 12h
-		roll_at 00:00 06:00 12:00,18:00
-		roll_minutes 10 40 45,46
-		roll_keep 10
-		roll_keep_for 90d
-	}
-}
 ----------
 {
 	"logging": {
 		"logs": {
 			"default": {
 				"exclude": [
-					"http.log.access.one",
-					"http.log.access.two"
+					"http.log.access.log0"
 				]
 			},
-			"one": {
+			"log0": {
 				"writer": {
-					"dir_mode": "0755",
 					"filename": "/var/log/access.log",
-					"mode": "0644",
 					"output": "file",
-					"roll_compression": "none",
 					"roll_gzip": false,
 					"roll_keep": 5,
 					"roll_keep_days": 90,
@@ -49,35 +29,7 @@ log two {
 					"roll_size_mb": 954
 				},
 				"include": [
-					"http.log.access.one"
-				]
-			},
-			"two": {
-				"writer": {
-					"dir_mode": "from_file",
-					"filename": "/var/log/access-2.log",
-					"mode": "0777",
-					"output": "file",
-					"roll_at": [
-						"00:00",
-						"06:00",
-						"12:00",
-						"18:00"
-					],
-					"roll_compression": "zstd",
-					"roll_interval": 43200000000000,
-					"roll_keep": 10,
-					"roll_keep_days": 90,
-					"roll_minutes": [
-						10,
-						40,
-						45,
-						46
-					],
-					"roll_size_mb": 1024
-				},
-				"include": [
-					"http.log.access.two"
+					"http.log.access.log0"
 				]
 			}
 		}
@@ -90,7 +42,7 @@ log two {
 						":80"
 					],
 					"logs": {
-						"default_logger_name": "two"
+						"default_logger_name": "log0"
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 :80 {
 	log {
 		sampling {
-			interval 5m
+			interval 300
 			first 50
 			thereafter 40
 		}
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 			},
 			"log0": {
 				"sampling": {
-					"interval": 300000000000,
+					"interval": 300,
 					"first": 50,
 					"thereafter": 40
 				},
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-{
-	metrics {
-		otlp
-	}
-}
-:80 {
-	respond "Hello"
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":80"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"body": "Hello",
-									"handler": "static_response"
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			},
-			"metrics": {
-				"otlp": true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-:8884
-
-reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
-	lb_retries 3
-	lb_retry_match expression `{rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`
-	lb_retry_match expression `{rp.is_transport_error} || {rp.status_code} == 502`
-	lb_retry_match expression `method('POST') && {rp.status_code} == 503`
-	lb_retry_match `{rp.status_code} == 504`
-	lb_retry_match `{rp.is_transport_error} && method('PUT')`
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8884"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"load_balancing": {
-										"retries": 3,
-										"retry_match": [
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.status_code} in [502, 503]"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.is_transport_error} || {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} == 502"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "method('POST') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} == 503"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.status_code} == 504"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.is_transport_error} \u0026\u0026 method('PUT')"
-											}
-										]
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-:8884
-
-reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
-	lb_retries 5
-
-	# request matchers (backward-compatible, non-expression)
-	lb_retry_match {
-		method POST PUT
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		path /foo*
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		header X-Idempotency-Key *
-	}
-
-	# response status code via expression
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `{rp.status_code} in [502, 503, 504]`
-	}
-
-	# response header via expression
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `{rp.header.X-Retry} == "true"`
-	}
-
-	# CEL request functions combined with response placeholders
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `method('POST') && {rp.status_code} >= 500`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `path('/api*') && {rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `host('example.com') && {rp.status_code} == 503`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `query({'retry': 'true'}) && {rp.status_code} >= 500`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `header({'X-Idempotency-Key': '*'}) && {rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `protocol('https') && {rp.status_code} == 502`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `path_regexp('^/api/v[0-9]+/') && {rp.status_code} >= 500`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `header_regexp('Content-Type', '^application/json') && {rp.status_code} == 502`
-	}
-
-	# transport error handling via placeholder
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `{rp.is_transport_error} || {rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`
-	}
-	lb_retry_match {
-		expression `{rp.is_transport_error} && method('POST')`
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8884"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"load_balancing": {
-										"retries": 5,
-										"retry_match": [
-											{
-												"method": [
-													"POST",
-													"PUT"
-												]
-											},
-											{
-												"path": [
-													"/foo*"
-												]
-											},
-											{
-												"header": {
-													"X-Idempotency-Key": [
-														"*"
-													]
-												}
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.status_code} in [502, 503, 504]"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.header.X-Retry} == \"true\""
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "method('POST') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} \u003e= 500"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "path('/api*') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} in [502, 503]"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "host('example.com') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} == 503"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "query({'retry': 'true'}) \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} \u003e= 500"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "header({'X-Idempotency-Key': '*'}) \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} in [502, 503]"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "protocol('https') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} == 502"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "path_regexp('^/api/v[0-9]+/') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} \u003e= 500"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "header_regexp('Content-Type', '^application/json') \u0026\u0026 {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} == 502"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.is_transport_error} || {http.reverse_proxy.status_code} in [502, 503]"
-											},
-											{
-												"expression": "{http.reverse_proxy.is_transport_error} \u0026\u0026 method('POST')"
-											}
-										]
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-https://example.com {
-	reverse_proxy https://localhost:54321 {
-		stream_buffer_size 8KB
-	}
-}
-
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-													"stream_buffer_size": 8000,
-													"transport": {
-														"protocol": "http",
-														"tls": {}
-													},
-													"upstreams": [
-														{
-															"dial": "localhost:54321"
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ b.com {
 								"via": "http"
 							}
 						]
+					},
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"b.com"
+						]
 					}
 				]
 			}
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# example from https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7559
-*.test.local {
-	tls {
-		get_certificate http http://cert-server:9000/certs
-	}
-	respond "wildcard"
-}
-
-# certificate for this subdomain is covered by wildcard above
-subdomain.test.local {
-	respond "subdomain"
-}
-
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"subdomain.test.local"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "subdomain",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						},
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"*.test.local"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "wildcard",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		"tls": {
-			"automation": {
-				"policies": [
-					{
-						"subjects": [
-							"*.test.local"
-						],
-						"get_certificate": [
-							{
-								"url": "http://cert-server:9000/certs",
-								"via": "http"
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-localhost
-
-respond "hello from localhost"
-tls {
-	client_auth {
-		mode request
-		trust_pool combined {
-			source inline {
-				trust_der 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
-			}
-			source file {
-				pem_file ../caddy.ca.cer
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"localhost"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "hello from localhost",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"tls_connection_policies": [
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"localhost"
-								]
-							},
-							"client_authentication": {
-								"ca": {
-									"provider": "combined",
-									"sources": [
-										{
-											"provider": "inline",
-											"trusted_ca_certs": [
-												"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"
-											]
-										},
-										{
-											"pem_files": [
-												"../caddy.ca.cer"
-											],
-											"provider": "file"
-										}
-									]
-								},
-								"mode": "request"
-							}
-						},
-						{}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-localhost
-
-respond "hello from localhost"
-tls {
-	client_auth {
-		mode require_and_verify
-		trust_pool combined {
-			source inline {
-				trust_der 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
-			}
-			source pki_root {
-				authority local
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"localhost"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "hello from localhost",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"tls_connection_policies": [
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"localhost"
-								]
-							},
-							"client_authentication": {
-								"ca": {
-									"provider": "combined",
-									"sources": [
-										{
-											"provider": "inline",
-											"trusted_ca_certs": [
-												"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"
-											]
-										},
-										{
-											"authority": [
-												"local"
-											],
-											"provider": "pki_root"
-										}
-									]
-								},
-								"mode": "require_and_verify"
-							}
-						},
-						{}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-localhost
-
-respond "hello from localhost"
-tls {
-	client_auth {
-		mode request
-		trust_pool system
-	}
-}
----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"localhost"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"body": "hello from localhost",
-													"handler": "static_response"
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					],
-					"tls_connection_policies": [
-						{
-							"match": {
-								"sni": [
-									"localhost"
-								]
-							},
-							"client_authentication": {
-								"ca": {
-									"provider": "system"
-								},
-								"mode": "request"
-							}
-						},
-						{}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
-)
-
-// TestForwardAuthCopyHeadersStripsClientHeaders is a regression test for the
-// header injection vulnerability in forward_auth copy_headers.
-//
-// When the auth service returns 200 OK without one of the copy_headers headers,
-// the MatchNot guard skips the Set operation. Before this fix, the original
-// client-supplied header survived unchanged into the backend request, allowing
-// privilege escalation with only a valid (non-privileged) bearer token. After
-// the fix, an unconditional delete route runs first, so the backend always
-// sees an absent header rather than the attacker-supplied value.
-func TestForwardAuthCopyHeadersStripsClientHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	// Mock auth service: accepts any Bearer token, returns 200 OK with NO
-	// identity headers. This is the stateless JWT validator pattern that
-	// triggers the vulnerability.
-	authSrv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer ") {
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			return
-		}
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-	}))
-	defer authSrv.Close()
-
-	// Mock backend: records the identity headers it receives. A real application
-	// would use X-User-Id / X-User-Role to make authorization decisions.
-	type received struct{ userID, userRole string }
-	var (
-		mu   sync.Mutex
-		last received
-	)
-	backendSrv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		mu.Lock()
-		last = received{
-			userID:   r.Header.Get("X-User-Id"),
-			userRole: r.Header.Get("X-User-Role"),
-		}
-		mu.Unlock()
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		fmt.Fprint(w, "ok")
-	}))
-	defer backendSrv.Close()
-
-	authAddr := strings.TrimPrefix(authSrv.URL, "http://")
-	backendAddr := strings.TrimPrefix(backendSrv.URL, "http://")
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		forward_auth %s {
-			uri /
-			copy_headers X-User-Id X-User-Role
-		}
-		reverse_proxy %s
-	}
-	`, authAddr, backendAddr), "caddyfile")
-
-	// Case 1: no token. Auth must still reject the request even when the client
-	// includes identity headers. This confirms the auth check is not bypassed.
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("X-User-Id", "injected")
-	req.Header.Set("X-User-Role", "injected")
-	resp := tester.AssertResponseCode(req, http.StatusUnauthorized)
-	resp.Body.Close()
-
-	// Case 2: valid token, no injected headers. The backend should see absent
-	// identity headers (the auth service never returns them).
-	req, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer token123")
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, http.StatusOK, "ok")
-	mu.Lock()
-	gotID, gotRole := last.userID, last.userRole
-	mu.Unlock()
-	if gotID != "" {
-		t.Errorf("baseline: X-User-Id should be absent, got %q", gotID)
-	}
-	if gotRole != "" {
-		t.Errorf("baseline: X-User-Role should be absent, got %q", gotRole)
-	}
-
-	// Case 3 (the security regression): valid token plus forged identity headers.
-	// The fix must strip those values so the backend never sees them.
-	req, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer token123")
-	req.Header.Set("X-User-Id", "admin")        // forged
-	req.Header.Set("X-User-Role", "superadmin") // forged
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, http.StatusOK, "ok")
-	mu.Lock()
-	gotID, gotRole = last.userID, last.userRole
-	mu.Unlock()
-	if gotID != "" {
-		t.Errorf("injection: X-User-Id must be stripped, got %q", gotID)
-	}
-	if gotRole != "" {
-		t.Errorf("injection: X-User-Role must be stripped, got %q", gotRole)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestForwardAuthCopyHeadersAuthResponseWins verifies that when the auth
-// service does include a copy_headers header in its response, that value
-// is forwarded to the backend and takes precedence over any client-supplied
-// value for the same header.
-func TestForwardAuthCopyHeadersAuthResponseWins(t *testing.T) {
-	const wantUserID = "service-user-42"
-	const wantUserRole = "editor"
-
-	// Auth service: accepts bearer token and sets identity headers.
-	authSrv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer ") {
-			w.Header().Set("X-User-Id", wantUserID)
-			w.Header().Set("X-User-Role", wantUserRole)
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			return
-		}
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-	}))
-	defer authSrv.Close()
-
-	type received struct{ userID, userRole string }
-	var (
-		mu   sync.Mutex
-		last received
-	)
-	backendSrv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		mu.Lock()
-		last = received{
-			userID:   r.Header.Get("X-User-Id"),
-			userRole: r.Header.Get("X-User-Role"),
-		}
-		mu.Unlock()
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		fmt.Fprint(w, "ok")
-	}))
-	defer backendSrv.Close()
-
-	authAddr := strings.TrimPrefix(authSrv.URL, "http://")
-	backendAddr := strings.TrimPrefix(backendSrv.URL, "http://")
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		forward_auth %s {
-			uri /
-			copy_headers X-User-Id X-User-Role
-		}
-		reverse_proxy %s
-	}
-	`, authAddr, backendAddr), "caddyfile")
-
-	// The client sends forged headers; the auth service overrides them with
-	// its own values. The backend must receive the auth service values.
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer token123")
-	req.Header.Set("X-User-Id", "forged-id")     // must be overwritten
-	req.Header.Set("X-User-Role", "forged-role") // must be overwritten
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, http.StatusOK, "ok")
-
-	mu.Lock()
-	gotID, gotRole := last.userID, last.userRole
-	mu.Unlock()
-	if gotID != wantUserID {
-		t.Errorf("X-User-Id: want %q, got %q", wantUserID, gotID)
-	}
-	if gotRole != wantUserRole {
-		t.Errorf("X-User-Role: want %q, got %q", wantUserRole, gotRole)
-	}
-}
@@ -1,595 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-// Integration tests for Caddy's PROXY protocol support, covering two distinct
-// roles that Caddy can play:
-//
-//  1. As a PROXY protocol *sender* (reverse proxy outbound transport):
-//     Caddy receives an inbound request from a test client and the
-//     reverse_proxy handler forwards it to an upstream with a PROXY protocol
-//     header (v1 or v2) prepended to the connection.  A lightweight backend
-//     built with go-proxyproto validates that the header was received and
-//     carries the correct client address.
-//
-//     Transport versions tested:
-//   - "1.1"  -> plain HTTP/1.1 to the upstream
-//   - "h2c"  -> HTTP/2 cleartext (h2c) to the upstream (regression for #7529)
-//   - "2"    -> HTTP/2 over TLS (h2) to the upstream
-//
-//     For each transport version both PROXY protocol v1 and v2 are exercised.
-//
-//     HTTP/3 (h3) is not included because it uses QUIC/UDP and therefore
-//     bypasses the TCP-level dialContext that injects PROXY protocol headers;
-//     there is no meaningful h3 + proxy protocol sender combination to test.
-//
-//  2. As a PROXY protocol *receiver* (server-side listener wrapper):
-//     A raw TCP client dials Caddy directly, injects a PROXY v2 header
-//     spoofing a source address, and sends a normal HTTP/1.1 request.  The
-//     Caddy server is configured with the proxy_protocol listener wrapper and
-//     is expected to surface the spoofed address via the
-//     {http.request.remote.host} placeholder.
-
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	goproxy "github.com/pires/go-proxyproto"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
-)
-
-// proxyProtoBackend is a minimal HTTP server that sits behind a
-// go-proxyproto listener and records the source address that was
-// delivered in the PROXY header for each request.
-type proxyProtoBackend struct {
-	mu          sync.Mutex
-	headerAddrs []string // host:port strings extracted from each PROXY header
-
-	ln  net.Listener
-	srv *http.Server
-}
-
-// newProxyProtoBackend starts a TCP listener wrapped with go-proxyproto on a
-// random local port and serves requests with a simple "OK" body.  The PROXY
-// header source addresses are accumulated in headerAddrs so tests can
-// inspect them.
-func newProxyProtoBackend(t *testing.T) *proxyProtoBackend {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	b := &proxyProtoBackend{}
-
-	rawLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("backend: listen: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Wrap with go-proxyproto so the PROXY header is stripped and parsed
-	// before the HTTP server sees the connection.  We use REQUIRE so that a
-	// missing header returns an error instead of silently passing through.
-	pLn := &goproxy.Listener{
-		Listener: rawLn,
-		Policy: func(_ net.Addr) (goproxy.Policy, error) {
-			return goproxy.REQUIRE, nil
-		},
-	}
-	b.ln = pLn
-
-	// Wrap the handler with h2c support so the backend can speak HTTP/2
-	// cleartext (h2c) as well as plain HTTP/1.1.  Without this, Caddy's
-	// reverse proxy would receive a 'frame too large' error when the
-	// upstream transport is configured to use h2c.
-	h2Server := &http2.Server{}
-	handlerFn := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		// go-proxyproto has already updated the net.Conn's remote
-		// address to the value from the PROXY header; the HTTP server
-		// surfaces it in r.RemoteAddr.
-		b.mu.Lock()
-		b.headerAddrs = append(b.headerAddrs, r.RemoteAddr)
-		b.mu.Unlock()
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(w, "OK")
-	})
-
-	b.srv = &http.Server{
-		Handler: h2c.NewHandler(handlerFn, h2Server),
-	}
-
-	go b.srv.Serve(pLn) //nolint:errcheck
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = b.srv.Close()
-		_ = rawLn.Close()
-	})
-
-	return b
-}
-
-// addr returns the listening address (host:port) of the backend.
-func (b *proxyProtoBackend) addr() string {
-	return b.ln.Addr().String()
-}
-
-// recordedAddrs returns a snapshot of all PROXY-header source addresses seen
-// so far.
-func (b *proxyProtoBackend) recordedAddrs() []string {
-	b.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.mu.Unlock()
-	cp := make([]string, len(b.headerAddrs))
-	copy(cp, b.headerAddrs)
-	return cp
-}
-
-// tlsProxyProtoBackend is a TLS-enabled backend that sits behind a
-// go-proxyproto listener.  The PROXY header is stripped before the TLS
-// handshake so the layer order on a connection is:
-//
-//	raw TCP → go-proxyproto (strips PROXY header) → TLS handshake → HTTP/2
-type tlsProxyProtoBackend struct {
-	mu          sync.Mutex
-	headerAddrs []string
-
-	srv *httptest.Server
-}
-
-// newTLSProxyProtoBackend starts a TLS listener that first reads and strips
-// PROXY protocol headers (go-proxyproto, REQUIRE policy) and then performs a
-// TLS handshake.  The backend speaks HTTP/2 over TLS (h2).
-//
-// The certificate is the standard self-signed certificate generated by
-// httptest.Server; the Caddy transport must be configured with
-// insecure_skip_verify: true to trust it.
-func newTLSProxyProtoBackend(t *testing.T) *tlsProxyProtoBackend {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	b := &tlsProxyProtoBackend{}
-
-	handlerFn := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		b.mu.Lock()
-		b.headerAddrs = append(b.headerAddrs, r.RemoteAddr)
-		b.mu.Unlock()
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(w, "OK")
-	})
-
-	rawLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("tlsBackend: listen: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Wrap with go-proxyproto so the PROXY header is consumed before TLS.
-	pLn := &goproxy.Listener{
-		Listener: rawLn,
-		Policy: func(_ net.Addr) (goproxy.Policy, error) {
-			return goproxy.REQUIRE, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	// httptest.NewUnstartedServer lets us replace the listener before
-	// calling StartTLS(), which wraps our proxyproto listener with
-	// tls.NewListener.  This gives us the right layer order.
-	b.srv = httptest.NewUnstartedServer(handlerFn)
-	b.srv.Listener = pLn
-
-	// StartTLS enables HTTP/2 on the server automatically.
-	b.srv.StartTLS()
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		b.srv.Close()
-	})
-
-	return b
-}
-
-// addr returns the listening address (host:port) of the TLS backend.
-func (b *tlsProxyProtoBackend) addr() string {
-	return b.srv.Listener.Addr().String()
-}
-
-// tlsConfig returns the *tls.Config used by the backend server.
-// Tests can use it to verify cert details if needed.
-func (b *tlsProxyProtoBackend) tlsConfig() *tls.Config {
-	return b.srv.TLS
-}
-
-// recordedAddrs returns a snapshot of all PROXY-header source addresses.
-func (b *tlsProxyProtoBackend) recordedAddrs() []string {
-	b.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.mu.Unlock()
-	cp := make([]string, len(b.headerAddrs))
-	copy(cp, b.headerAddrs)
-	return cp
-}
-
-// proxyProtoTLSConfig builds a Caddy JSON configuration that proxies to a TLS
-// upstream with PROXY protocol.  The transport uses insecure_skip_verify so
-// the self-signed certificate generated by httptest.Server is accepted.
-func proxyProtoTLSConfig(listenPort int, backendAddr, ppVersion string, transportVersions []string) string {
-	versionsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(transportVersions)
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`{
-		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
-		},
-		"apps": {
-			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities": {
-					"local": {
-						"install_trust": false
-					}
-				}
-			},
-			"http": {
-				"grace_period": 1,
-				"servers": {
-					"proxy": {
-						"listen": [":%d"],
-						"automatic_https": {
-							"disable": true
-						},
-						"routes": [
-							{
-								"handle": [
-									{
-										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-										"upstreams": [{"dial": "%s"}],
-										"transport": {
-											"protocol": "http",
-											"proxy_protocol": "%s",
-											"versions": %s,
-											"tls": {
-												"insecure_skip_verify": true
-											}
-										}
-									}
-								]
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}`, listenPort, backendAddr, ppVersion, string(versionsJSON))
-}
-
-// testTLSProxyProtocolMatrix is the shared implementation for TLS-based proxy
-// protocol tests.  It mirrors testProxyProtocolMatrix but uses a TLS backend.
-func testTLSProxyProtocolMatrix(t *testing.T, ppVersion string, transportVersions []string, numRequests int) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	backend := newTLSProxyProtoBackend(t)
-	listenPort := freePort(t)
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.WithDefaultOverrides(caddytest.Config{
-		AdminPort: 2999,
-	})
-	cfg := proxyProtoTLSConfig(listenPort, backend.addr(), ppVersion, transportVersions)
-	tester.InitServer(cfg, "json")
-
-	proxyURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/", listenPort)
-
-	for i := 0; i < numRequests; i++ {
-		resp, err := tester.Client.Get(proxyURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("request %d/%d: GET %s: %v", i+1, numRequests, proxyURL, err)
-		}
-		resp.Body.Close()
-		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("request %d/%d: expected status 200, got %d", i+1, numRequests, resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-	}
-
-	addrs := backend.recordedAddrs()
-	if len(addrs) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("backend recorded no PROXY protocol addresses (expected at least 1)")
-	}
-
-	for i, addr := range addrs {
-		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("addr[%d] %q: SplitHostPort: %v", i, addr, err)
-			continue
-		}
-		if host != "127.0.0.1" {
-			t.Errorf("addr[%d]: expected source 127.0.0.1, got %q", i, host)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// proxyProtoConfig builds a Caddy JSON configuration that:
-//   - listens on listenPort for inbound HTTP requests
-//   - proxies them to backendAddr with PROXY protocol ppVersion ("v1"/"v2")
-//   - uses the given transport versions (e.g. ["1.1"] or ["h2c"])
-func proxyProtoConfig(listenPort int, backendAddr, ppVersion string, transportVersions []string) string {
-	versionsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(transportVersions)
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`{
-		"admin": {
-			"listen": "localhost:2999"
-		},
-		"apps": {
-			"pki": {
-				"certificate_authorities": {
-					"local": {
-						"install_trust": false
-					}
-				}
-			},
-			"http": {
-				"grace_period": 1,
-				"servers": {
-					"proxy": {
-						"listen": [":%d"],
-						"automatic_https": {
-							"disable": true
-						},
-						"routes": [
-							{
-								"handle": [
-									{
-										"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-										"upstreams": [{"dial": "%s"}],
-										"transport": {
-											"protocol": "http",
-											"proxy_protocol": "%s",
-											"versions": %s
-										}
-									}
-								]
-							}
-						]
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}`, listenPort, backendAddr, ppVersion, string(versionsJSON))
-}
-
-// freePort returns a free local TCP port by binding briefly and releasing it.
-func freePort(t *testing.T) int {
-	t.Helper()
-	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("freePort: %v", err)
-	}
-	port := ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
-	_ = ln.Close()
-	return port
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV1WithH1 verifies that PROXY protocol v1 headers are sent
-// correctly when the transport uses HTTP/1.1 to the upstream.
-func TestProxyProtocolV1WithH1(t *testing.T) {
-	testProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v1", []string{"1.1"}, 1)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV2WithH1 verifies that PROXY protocol v2 headers are sent
-// correctly when the transport uses HTTP/1.1 to the upstream.
-func TestProxyProtocolV2WithH1(t *testing.T) {
-	testProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v2", []string{"1.1"}, 1)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV1WithH2C verifies that PROXY protocol v1 headers are sent
-// correctly when the transport uses h2c (HTTP/2 cleartext) to the upstream.
-func TestProxyProtocolV1WithH2C(t *testing.T) {
-	testProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v1", []string{"h2c"}, 1)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV2WithH2C verifies that PROXY protocol v2 headers are sent
-// correctly when the transport uses h2c (HTTP/2 cleartext) to the upstream.
-// This is the primary regression test for github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7529:
-// before the fix, the h2 transport opened a new TCP connection per request
-// (because req.URL.Host was mangled differently for each request due to the
-// varying client port), which caused file-descriptor exhaustion under load.
-func TestProxyProtocolV2WithH2C(t *testing.T) {
-	testProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v2", []string{"h2c"}, 1)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV2WithH2CMultipleRequests sends several sequential requests
-// through the h2c + PROXY-protocol path and confirms that:
-//  1. Every request receives a 200 response (no connection exhaustion).
-//  2. The backend received at least one PROXY header (connection was reused).
-//
-// This is the core regression guard for issue #7529: without the fix, a new
-// TCP connection was opened per request, quickly exhausting file descriptors.
-func TestProxyProtocolV2WithH2CMultipleRequests(t *testing.T) {
-	testProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v2", []string{"h2c"}, 5)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV1WithH2 verifies that PROXY protocol v1 headers are sent
-// correctly when the transport uses HTTP/2 over TLS (h2) to the upstream.
-func TestProxyProtocolV1WithH2(t *testing.T) {
-	testTLSProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v1", []string{"2"}, 1)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolV2WithH2 verifies that PROXY protocol v2 headers are sent
-// correctly when the transport uses HTTP/2 over TLS (h2) to the upstream.
-func TestProxyProtocolV2WithH2(t *testing.T) {
-	testTLSProxyProtocolMatrix(t, "v2", []string{"2"}, 1)
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolServerAndProxy is an end-to-end matrix test that exercises
-// all combinations of PROXY protocol version x transport version.
-func TestProxyProtocolServerAndProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	plainTests := []struct {
-		name              string
-		ppVersion         string
-		transportVersions []string
-		numRequests       int
-	}{
-		{"h1-v1", "v1", []string{"1.1"}, 3},
-		{"h1-v2", "v2", []string{"1.1"}, 3},
-		{"h2c-v1", "v1", []string{"h2c"}, 3},
-		{"h2c-v2", "v2", []string{"h2c"}, 3},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range plainTests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			testProxyProtocolMatrix(t, tc.ppVersion, tc.transportVersions, tc.numRequests)
-		})
-	}
-
-	tlsTests := []struct {
-		name              string
-		ppVersion         string
-		transportVersions []string
-		numRequests       int
-	}{
-		{"h2-v1", "v1", []string{"2"}, 3},
-		{"h2-v2", "v2", []string{"2"}, 3},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range tlsTests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			testTLSProxyProtocolMatrix(t, tc.ppVersion, tc.transportVersions, tc.numRequests)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// testProxyProtocolMatrix is the shared implementation for the proxy protocol
-// tests.  It:
-//  1. Starts a go-proxyproto-wrapped backend.
-//  2. Configures Caddy as a reverse proxy with the given PROXY protocol
-//     version and transport versions.
-//  3. Sends numRequests GET requests through Caddy and asserts 200 OK each time.
-//  4. Asserts the backend recorded at least one PROXY header whose source host
-//     is 127.0.0.1 (the loopback address used by the test client).
-func testProxyProtocolMatrix(t *testing.T, ppVersion string, transportVersions []string, numRequests int) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	backend := newProxyProtoBackend(t)
-	listenPort := freePort(t)
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.WithDefaultOverrides(caddytest.Config{
-		AdminPort: 2999,
-	})
-	cfg := proxyProtoConfig(listenPort, backend.addr(), ppVersion, transportVersions)
-	tester.InitServer(cfg, "json")
-
-	// If the test is h2c-only (no "1.1" in versions), reconfigure the test
-	// client transport to use unencrypted HTTP/2 so we actually exercise the
-	// h2c code path through Caddy.
-	if slices.Contains(transportVersions, "h2c") && !slices.Contains(transportVersions, "1.1") {
-		tr, ok := tester.Client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
-		if ok {
-			tr.Protocols = new(http.Protocols)
-			tr.Protocols.SetHTTP1(false)
-			tr.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
-		}
-	}
-
-	proxyURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/", listenPort)
-
-	for i := 0; i < numRequests; i++ {
-		resp, err := tester.Client.Get(proxyURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("request %d/%d: GET %s: %v", i+1, numRequests, proxyURL, err)
-		}
-		resp.Body.Close()
-		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("request %d/%d: expected status 200, got %d", i+1, numRequests, resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// The backend must have seen at least one PROXY header.  For h1, there is
-	// one per request; for h2c, requests share the same connection so only one
-	// header is written at connection establishment.
-	addrs := backend.recordedAddrs()
-	if len(addrs) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("backend recorded no PROXY protocol addresses (expected at least 1)")
-	}
-
-	// Every PROXY-decoded source address must be the loopback address since
-	// the test client always connects from 127.0.0.1.
-	for i, addr := range addrs {
-		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("addr[%d] %q: SplitHostPort: %v", i, addr, err)
-			continue
-		}
-		if host != "127.0.0.1" {
-			t.Errorf("addr[%d]: expected source 127.0.0.1, got %q", i, host)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestProxyProtocolListenerWrapper verifies that Caddy's
-// caddy.listeners.proxy_protocol listener wrapper can successfully parse
-// incoming PROXY protocol headers.
-//
-// The test dials Caddy's listening port directly, injects a raw PROXY v2
-// header spoofing source address 10.0.0.1:1234, then sends a normal
-// HTTP/1.1 GET request.  The Caddy server is configured to echo back the
-// remote address ({http.request.remote.host}).  The test asserts that the
-// echoed address is the spoofed 10.0.0.1.
-func TestProxyProtocolListenerWrapper(t *testing.T) {
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-		servers :9080 {
-			listener_wrappers {
-				proxy_protocol {
-					timeout 5s
-					allow 127.0.0.0/8
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		respond "{http.request.remote.host}"
-	}`, "caddyfile")
-
-	// Dial the Caddy listener directly and inject a PROXY v2 header that
-	// claims the connection originates from 10.0.0.1:1234.
-	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:9080")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-
-	spoofedSrc := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.1"), Port: 1234}
-	spoofedDst := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), Port: 9080}
-	hdr := goproxy.HeaderProxyFromAddrs(2, spoofedSrc, spoofedDst)
-	if _, err := hdr.WriteTo(conn); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("write proxy header: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Write a minimal HTTP/1.1 GET request.
-	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(conn,
-		"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("write HTTP request: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Read the raw response and look for the spoofed address in the body.
-	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
-	n, _ := conn.Read(buf)
-	raw := string(buf[:n])
-
-	if !strings.Contains(raw, "10.0.0.1") {
-		t.Errorf("expected spoofed address 10.0.0.1 in response body; full response:\n%s", raw)
-	}
-}
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
@@ -387,68 +386,6 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
 }

-// TestReverseProxyHealthCheckPortUsed verifies that health_port is actually
-// used for active health checks and not the upstream's main port. This is a
-// regression test for https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7524.
-func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckPortUsed(t *testing.T) {
-	// upstream server: serves proxied requests normally, but returns 503 for
-	// /health so that if health checks mistakenly hit this port the upstream
-	// gets marked unhealthy and the proxy returns 503.
-	upstreamSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			if req.URL.Path == "/health" {
-				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
-				return
-			}
-			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("Hello, World!"))
-		}),
-	}
-	ln0, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:2022")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen on 127.0.0.1:2022: %v", err)
-	}
-	go upstreamSrv.Serve(ln0)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { upstreamSrv.Close(); ln0.Close() })
-
-	// separate health check server on the configured health_port: returns 200
-	// so the upstream is marked healthy only if health checks go to this port.
-	healthSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-		}),
-	}
-	ln1, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:2023")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen on 127.0.0.1:2023: %v", err)
-	}
-	go healthSrv.Serve(ln1)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { healthSrv.Close(); ln1.Close() })
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port     9080
-		https_port    9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		reverse_proxy {
-			to localhost:2022
-
-			health_uri /health
-			health_port 2023
-			health_interval 10ms
-			health_timeout 100ms
-			health_passes 1
-			health_fails 1
-		}
-	}
-	`, "caddyfile")
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
-}
-
 func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.SkipNow()
@@ -563,233 +500,3 @@ func TestReverseProxyHealthCheckUnixSocketWithoutPort(t *testing.T) {

 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "Hello, World!")
 }
-
-// TestReverseProxyRetryMatchStatusCode verifies that lb_retry_match with a
-// CEL expression matching on {rp.status_code} causes the request to be
-// retried on the next upstream when the first upstream returns a matching
-// status code
-func TestReverseProxyRetryMatchStatusCode(t *testing.T) {
-	// Bad upstream: returns 502
-	badSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
-		}),
-	}
-	badLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go badSrv.Serve(badLn)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { badSrv.Close(); badLn.Close() })
-
-	// Good upstream: returns 200
-	goodSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-		}),
-	}
-	goodLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go goodSrv.Serve(goodLn)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { goodSrv.Close(); goodLn.Close() })
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		reverse_proxy %s %s {
-			lb_policy round_robin
-			lb_retries 1
-			lb_retry_match {
-				expression `+"`{rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`"+`
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	`, goodLn.Addr().String(), badLn.Addr().String()), "caddyfile")
-
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "ok")
-}
-
-// TestReverseProxyRetryMatchHeader verifies that lb_retry_match with a CEL
-// expression matching on {rp.header.*} causes the request to be retried when
-// the upstream sets a matching response header
-func TestReverseProxyRetryMatchHeader(t *testing.T) {
-	var badHits atomic.Int32
-
-	// Bad upstream: returns 200 but signals retry via header
-	badSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			badHits.Add(1)
-			w.Header().Set("X-Upstream-Retry", "true")
-			w.Write([]byte("bad"))
-		}),
-	}
-	badLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go badSrv.Serve(badLn)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { badSrv.Close(); badLn.Close() })
-
-	// Good upstream: returns 200 without retry header
-	goodSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			w.Write([]byte("good"))
-		}),
-	}
-	goodLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go goodSrv.Serve(goodLn)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { goodSrv.Close(); goodLn.Close() })
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		reverse_proxy %s %s {
-			lb_policy round_robin
-			lb_retries 1
-			lb_retry_match {
-				expression `+"`{rp.header.X-Upstream-Retry} == \"true\"`"+`
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	`, goodLn.Addr().String(), badLn.Addr().String()), "caddyfile")
-
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "good")
-
-	if badHits.Load() != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("bad upstream hits: got %d, want 1", badHits.Load())
-	}
-}
-
-// TestReverseProxyRetryMatchCombined verifies that a CEL expression combining
-// request path matching with response status code matching works correctly -
-// only retrying when both conditions are met
-func TestReverseProxyRetryMatchCombined(t *testing.T) {
-	// Upstream: returns 502 for all requests
-	srv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
-		}),
-	}
-	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go srv.Serve(ln)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { srv.Close(); ln.Close() })
-
-	// Good upstream
-	goodSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-		}),
-	}
-	goodLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go goodSrv.Serve(goodLn)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { goodSrv.Close(); goodLn.Close() })
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		reverse_proxy %s %s {
-			lb_policy round_robin
-			lb_retries 1
-			lb_retry_match {
-				expression `+"`path('/retry*') && {rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`"+`
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	`, goodLn.Addr().String(), ln.Addr().String()), "caddyfile")
-
-	// /retry path matches the expression - should retry to good upstream
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/retry", 200, "ok")
-
-	// /other path does NOT match - should return the 502
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/other", nil)
-	tester.AssertResponse(req, 502, "")
-}
-
-// TestReverseProxyRetryMatchIsTransportError verifies that the
-// {rp.is_transport_error} == true CEL function correctly identifies transport errors
-// and allows retrying them alongside response-based matching
-func TestReverseProxyRetryMatchIsTransportError(t *testing.T) {
-	// Good upstream: returns 200
-	goodSrv := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-		}),
-	}
-	goodLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	go goodSrv.Serve(goodLn)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { goodSrv.Close(); goodLn.Close() })
-
-	// Broken upstream: accepts connections but closes immediately
-	brokenLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { brokenLn.Close() })
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			conn, err := brokenLn.Accept()
-			if err != nil {
-				return
-			}
-			conn.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
-	tester.InitServer(fmt.Sprintf(`
-	{
-		skip_install_trust
-		admin localhost:2999
-		http_port 9080
-		https_port 9443
-		grace_period 1ns
-	}
-	http://localhost:9080 {
-		reverse_proxy %s %s {
-			lb_policy round_robin
-			lb_retries 1
-			lb_retry_match {
-				expression `+"`{rp.is_transport_error} || {rp.status_code} in [502, 503]`"+`
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	`, goodLn.Addr().String(), brokenLn.Addr().String()), "caddyfile")
-
-	// Transport error on broken upstream should be retried to good upstream
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/", 200, "ok")
-}
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func testH2ToH2CStreamServeH2C(t *testing.T) *http.Server {
 		}
 		// We only accept HTTP/2!
 		if r.ProtoMajor != 2 {
-			t.Error("Not an HTTP/2 request, rejected!")
+			t.Error("Not a HTTP/2 request, rejected!")
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			return
 		}
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# Used by import_block_snippet_non_replaced_block_from_separate_file.caddyfiletest
-
-(snippet) {
-	header {
-		reverse_proxy localhost:3000
-		{block}
-	}
-}
-
-# This snippet being unused by the test Caddyfile is intentional.
-# This is to test that a panic runtime error triggered by an out-of-range slice index access
-# will not happen again, please see issue #7518 and pull request #7543 for more information
-(unused_snippet) {
-    header SomeHeader SomeValue
-}
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# Used by import_block_snippet_invalid_subdirective.caddyfiletest
-
-(test) {
-  reverse_proxy {
-    {block}
-  }
-}
@@ -9,14 +9,9 @@ import (
 )

 var defaultFactory = newRootCommandFactory(func() *cobra.Command {
-	bin := caddy.CustomBinaryName
-	if bin == "" {
-		bin = "caddy"
-	}
-
-	long := caddy.CustomLongDescription
-	if long == "" {
-		long = `Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "caddy",
+		Long: `Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.

 At its core, Caddy merely manages configuration. Modules are plugged
 in statically at compile-time to provide useful functionality. Caddy's
@@ -96,12 +91,7 @@ package installers: https://caddyserver.com/docs/install

 Instructions for running Caddy in production are also available:
 https://caddyserver.com/docs/running
-`
-	}
-
-	return &cobra.Command{
-		Use:  bin,
-		Long: long,
+`,
 		Example: `  $ caddy run
  $ caddy run --config caddy.json
  $ caddy reload --config caddy.json
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func cmdStart(fl Flags) (int, error) {

 	// open a listener to which the child process will connect when
 	// it is ready to confirm that it has successfully started
-	ln, err := listenTCPForPingback(net.Listen)
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
 	if err != nil {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup,
 			fmt.Errorf("opening listener for success confirmation: %v", err)
@@ -169,22 +169,6 @@ func cmdStart(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
 }

-type tcpListenFunc func(network, address string) (net.Listener, error)
-
-func listenTCPForPingback(listen tcpListenFunc) (net.Listener, error) {
-	ln, ipv4Err := listen("tcp4", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if ipv4Err == nil {
-		return ln, nil
-	}
-
-	ln, ipv6Err := listen("tcp6", "[::1]:0")
-	if ipv6Err == nil {
-		return ln, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen on 127.0.0.1:0: %v; listen on [::1]:0: %v", ipv4Err, ipv6Err)
-}
-
 func cmdRun(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	caddy.TrapSignals()

@@ -388,7 +372,7 @@ func cmdReload(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("no config file to load")
 	}

-	adminAddr, err := DetermineAdminAPIAddress(addressFlag, config, configFile, configAdapterFlag)
+	adminAddr, err := DetermineAdminAPIAddress(addressFlag, config, configFlag, configAdapterFlag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("couldn't determine admin API address: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -713,7 +697,7 @@ func cmdFmt(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	output := caddyfile.Format(input)

 	if fl.Bool("overwrite") {
-		if err := os.WriteFile(configFile, output, 0o600); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // path traversal is not really a thing here, this is either "Caddyfile" or admin-controlled
+		if err := os.WriteFile(configFile, output, 0o600); err != nil {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("overwriting formatted file: %v", err)
 		}
 		return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 // following format:
 //
 //   - lowercase
-//   - ASCII lowercase letters, digits and hyphens only
+//   - alphanumeric and hyphen characters only
 //   - cannot start or end with a hyphen
 //   - hyphen cannot be adjacent to another hyphen
 //
@@ -484,13 +484,7 @@ func setResourceLimits(logger *zap.Logger) func() {
 	// See https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/debug#SetMemoryLimit
 	_, _ = memlimit.SetGoMemLimitWithOpts(
 		memlimit.WithLogger(
-			slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(
-				logger.Core(),
-				zapslog.WithName("memlimit"),
-				// the default enables traces at ERROR level, this disables
-				// them by setting it to a level higher than any other level
-				zapslog.AddStacktraceAt(slog.Level(127)),
-			)),
+			slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
 		),
 		memlimit.WithProvider(
 			memlimit.ApplyFallback(
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package caddycmd

 import (
-	"errors"
-	"net"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -171,80 +169,6 @@ here"
 	}
 }

-func TestListenTCPForPingbackUsesIPv4Loopback(t *testing.T) {
-	var calls []string
-	expected := &stubListener{addr: &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), Port: 1234}}
-
-	actual, err := listenTCPForPingback(func(network, address string) (net.Listener, error) {
-		calls = append(calls, network+" "+address)
-		return expected, nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("listenTCPForPingback returned error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if actual != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("expected listener %p, got %p", expected, actual)
-	}
-
-	expectCalls := []string{"tcp4 127.0.0.1:0"}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, expectCalls) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected calls %v, got %v", expectCalls, calls)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestListenTCPForPingbackFallsBackToIPv6Loopback(t *testing.T) {
-	var calls []string
-	expected := &stubListener{addr: &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("::1"), Port: 1234}}
-
-	actual, err := listenTCPForPingback(func(network, address string) (net.Listener, error) {
-		calls = append(calls, network+" "+address)
-		if len(calls) == 1 {
-			return nil, errors.New("ipv4 unavailable")
-		}
-		return expected, nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("listenTCPForPingback returned error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if actual != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("expected listener %p, got %p", expected, actual)
-	}
-
-	expectCalls := []string{"tcp4 127.0.0.1:0", "tcp6 [::1]:0"}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, expectCalls) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected calls %v, got %v", expectCalls, calls)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestListenTCPForPingbackReportsBothFailures(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := listenTCPForPingback(func(network, address string) (net.Listener, error) {
-		return nil, errors.New(network + " failed")
-	})
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "tcp4 failed") ||
-		!strings.Contains(err.Error(), "tcp6 failed") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected both listener errors, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-type stubListener struct {
-	addr net.Addr
-}
-
-func (sl *stubListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
-	return nil, net.ErrClosed
-}
-
-func (sl *stubListener) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sl *stubListener) Addr() net.Addr {
-	return sl.addr
-}
-
 func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 	type args struct {
 		configFile  string
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func getModules() (standard, nonstandard, unknown []moduleInfo, err error) {
 		// not sure why), and since New() should return a pointer
 		// value, we need to dereference it first
 		iface := any(modInfo.New())
-		if rv := reflect.ValueOf(iface); rv.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		if rv := reflect.ValueOf(iface); rv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 			iface = reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(iface).Elem()).Elem().Interface()
 		}
 		modPkgPath := reflect.TypeOf(iface).PkgPath()
@@ -63,17 +63,10 @@ type Context struct {
 // modules which are loaded will be properly unloaded.
 // See standard library context package's documentation.
 func NewContext(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelFunc) {
-	newCtx, cancelCause := NewContextWithCause(ctx)
-	return newCtx, func() { cancelCause(nil) }
-}
-
-// NewContextWithCause is like NewContext but returns a context.CancelCauseFunc.
-// EXPERIMENTAL: This API is subject to change.
-func NewContextWithCause(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelCauseFunc) {
 	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module), cfg: ctx.cfg, metricsRegistry: prometheus.NewPedanticRegistry()}
-	c, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx.Context)
-	wrappedCancel := func(cause error) {
-		cancel(cause)
+	c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx.Context)
+	wrappedCancel := func() {
+		cancel()

 		for _, f := range ctx.cleanupFuncs {
 			f()
@@ -378,7 +371,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (any, error
 	// value must be a pointer for unmarshaling into concrete type, even if
 	// the module's concrete type is a slice or map; New() *should* return
 	// a pointer, otherwise unmarshaling errors or panics will occur
-	if rv := reflect.ValueOf(val); rv.Kind() != reflect.Pointer {
+	if rv := reflect.ValueOf(val); rv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
 		log.Printf("[WARNING] ModuleInfo.New() for module '%s' did not return a pointer,"+
 			" so we are using reflection to make a pointer instead; please fix this by"+
 			" using new(Type) or &Type notation in your module's New() function.", id)
@@ -615,11 +608,6 @@ func (ctx Context) Slogger() *slog.Logger {
 		core     zapcore.Core
 		moduleID string
 	)
-
-	// the default enables traces at ERROR level, this disables
-	// them by setting it to a level higher than any other level
-	tracesOpt := zapslog.AddStacktraceAt(slog.Level(127))
-
 	if ctx.cfg == nil {
 		// often the case in tests; just use a dev logger
 		l, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
@@ -628,16 +616,16 @@ func (ctx Context) Slogger() *slog.Logger {
 		}

 		core = l.Core()
-		handler = zapslog.NewHandler(core, tracesOpt)
+		handler = zapslog.NewHandler(core)
 	} else {
 		mod := ctx.Module()
 		if mod == nil {
 			core = Log().Core()
-			handler = zapslog.NewHandler(core, tracesOpt)
+			handler = zapslog.NewHandler(core)
 		} else {
 			moduleID = string(mod.CaddyModule().ID)
 			core = ctx.cfg.Logging.Logger(mod).Core()
-			handler = zapslog.NewHandler(core, zapslog.WithName(moduleID), tracesOpt)
+			handler = zapslog.NewHandler(core, zapslog.WithName(moduleID))
 		}
 	}

@@ -1,58 +1,56 @@
 module github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2

-go 1.25.1
+go 1.25

 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0
-	github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.4.2
+	github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.3.9
 	github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.5
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0
-	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.24.1
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.23.1
 	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b
-	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.25.3
+	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.25.1
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.5
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.5
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.28.1
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.27.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.6
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.4
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0
-	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.6
+	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.4
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.1
-	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.30.2
-	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.8.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.0
+	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.30.0-rc2.0.20260211214201-20608299c29c
+	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.7.0
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20251216020129-aea342f6d747
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.8.2
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.16
 	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting/v2 v2.0.0-20230729083705-37449abec8cc
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.68.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.68.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.68.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.68.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.43.0
-	go.step.sm/crypto v0.81.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.65.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.65.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/autoprop v0.65.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.40.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.40.0
+	go.step.sm/crypto v0.76.0
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260213171211-a408498e5541
-	golang.org/x/net v0.55.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.48.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20250927194341-2beaa59a3c99
+	golang.org/x/net v0.50.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.40.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )

 require (
 	cel.dev/expr v0.25.1 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.18.1 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -63,17 +61,17 @@ require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tspi v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.15 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.9.2 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.11 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.7 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58 // indirect
@@ -89,37 +87,39 @@ require (
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/aws v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.65.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.65.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/aws v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/ot v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.62.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/api v0.277.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260427160629-7cedc36a6bc4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/api v0.265.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1 // indirect
 )

 require (
-	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
@@ -129,31 +129,31 @@ require (
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20221227161230-091c0ba34f0a // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v1.1.1
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.72 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.70 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.12.0
+	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.11.0
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
@@ -162,17 +162,17 @@ require (
 	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.10.3 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.17 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.10 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.40.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.40.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.37.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.44.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
 )
@@ -2,40 +2,38 @@ cel.dev/expr v0.25.1 h1:1KrZg61W6TWSxuNZ37Xy49ps13NUovb66QLprthtwi4=
 cel.dev/expr v0.25.1/go.mod h1:hrXvqGP6G6gyx8UAHSHJ5RGk//1Oj5nXQ2NI02Nrsg4=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 h1:2NAUJwPR47q+E35uaJeYoNhuNEM9kM8SjgRgdeOJUSE=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0/go.mod h1:xBoMV08QcqUGuPW65Qfm1o9Y4zKZBpGS+7bImXLTAZU=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 h1:kXTssoVb4azsVDoUiF8KvxAqrsQcQtB53DcSgta74CA=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0/go.mod h1:942/yi/itH1SsmpyrbnTMDgGfdy2BUqIKyd0cyYLc5Q=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.18.1 h1:IwTEx92GFUo2pJ6Qea0EU3zYvKnTAeRCODxfA/G5UWs=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.18.1/go.mod h1:GfTYoS9G3CWpRA3Va9doKN9mjPGRS+v41jmZAhBzbrA=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 h1:keo8NaayQZ6wimpNSmW5OPc283g65QNIiLpZnkHRbnc=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8/go.mod h1:XQ9y31RkqZCcwJWNSx2Xvric3RrU88hAYYbjDWYDL+c=
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@@ -133,8 +131,8 @@ github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 h1:fAjc9m62+UWV/WA
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@@ -149,17 +147,17 @@ github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 h1:NpKPmjDBgUfBms6tr6JZkTHtfFGcMKsw3eGcmD/sa
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@@ -168,8 +166,8 @@ github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 h1:yAGX7huGHXlcLOEtBnF4w7FQwA26wojNCwOYAEhLjQM=
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@@ -179,20 +177,20 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
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@@ -203,16 +201,16 @@ github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2
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@@ -240,10 +234,10 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWE
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@@ -259,8 +253,8 @@ github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58/go.mod h1:DXv8WO4yhM
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@@ -276,12 +270,12 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 h1:pIgK94WWlQt1WLwAC5j2ynLaBRDiinoAb86HZHTU
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@@ -301,16 +295,16 @@ github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.10.3 h1:EstYj8ODEcv6T0R9X5BVq1zgWZnyU5gtPzk99QF1PMU
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@@ -359,8 +353,8 @@ github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcY
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@@ -369,70 +363,70 @@ github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 h1:KYQPkhpRtcqh0ssGYcKLG1JYvddkEA8QwCM/yBqhaZI=
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+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0 h1:l706jCMITVouPOqEnii2fIAuO3IVGBRPV5ICjceRb/A=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0/go.mod h1:xE+Cx5E/eEHw+ISFkwPLwCZefwVjY+pqKg1qcK03+/4=
+go.step.sm/crypto v0.76.0 h1:K23BSaeoiY7Y5dvvijTeYC9EduDBetNwQYMBwMhi1aA=
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 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
@@ -441,12 +435,12 @@ go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 h1:hyF9dfmbgIX5EfOdasqLsWD6xqpNZlXblLB/Dbnwv3Y=
 go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0/go.mod h1:KiVJ4BqZJaMj4svdfmHM0AUx4NJYO8ZNpPnZn1Z+BBU=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
-go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0 h1:IZzaP1Fv73/T/pBMLk4VutPl36uNC+OSUh3JLG3FIjo=
-go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0/go.mod h1:rDLpOi171uODNm/mxFcuYWxDsqWSAVkFdX4XojSKg/Q=
+go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1 h1:08RqriUEv8+ArZRYSTXy1LeBScaMpVSTBhCeaZYfMYc=
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 go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0 h1:6JYzdifzYkGmTdRR59oYH+Ng7k49H9qVpWwNSsGJj3U=
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-go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 h1:tuyd0P+2Ont/d6e2rl3be67goVK4R6deVxCUX5vyPaQ=
-go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4/go.mod h1:gMZqIpDtDqOfM0uNfy0SkpRhvUryYH0Z6wdMYcacYXQ=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 h1:6gvOSjQoTB3vt1l+CU+tSyi/HOjfOjRLJ4YwYZGwRO0=
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@@ -456,10 +450,10 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliY
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-golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0 h1:RMs7fP2rXdep0CftQlK8Uf+kibLm7qkCcradZWYz988=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0/go.mod h1:1QgfPxDqh0T2M/elOJtp9RvuR95kVjir0e6/BvEmGbc=
-golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260213171211-a408498e5541 h1:FmKxj9ocLKn45jiR2jQMwCVhDvaK7fKQFzfuT9GvyK8=
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 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546 h1:mgKeJMpvi0yx/sU5GsxQ7p6s2wtOnGAHZWCHUM4KGzY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546/go.mod h1:j/pmGrbnkbPtQfxEe5D0VQhZC6qKbfKifgD0oM7sR70=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
@@ -467,8 +461,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
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-golang.org/x/mod v0.35.0 h1:Ww1D637e6Pg+Zb2KrWfHQUnH2dQRLBQyAtpr/haaJeM=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.35.0/go.mod h1:+GwiRhIInF8wPm+4AoT6L0FA1QWAad3OMdTRx4tFYlU=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 h1:tHFzIWbBifEmbwtGz65eaWyGiGZatSrT9prnU8DbVL8=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0/go.mod h1:swjeQEj+6r7fODbD2cqrnje9PnziFuw4bmLbBZFrQ5w=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
@@ -477,10 +471,10 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
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 golang.org/x/net v0.25.0/go.mod h1:JkAGAh7GEvH74S6FOH42FLoXpXbE/aqXSrIQjXgsiwM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.55.0 h1:bcvxaJn3e1U6InsFWt1JUq1aSjnRxLzT2rtD2KfkDF8=
-golang.org/x/net v0.55.0/go.mod h1:L5U2KuzuOe1lY7Z+aWVIKK6qEeJXnXV9yzGA+WCHJww=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
+golang.org/x/net v0.50.0 h1:ucWh9eiCGyDR3vtzso0WMQinm2Dnt8cFMuQa9K33J60=
+golang.org/x/net v0.50.0/go.mod h1:UgoSli3F/pBgdJBHCTc+tp3gmrU4XswgGRgtnwWTfyM=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0 h1:hqK/t4AKgbqWkdkcAeI8XLmbK+4m4G5YeQRrmiotGlw=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -488,8 +482,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181122145206-62eef0e2fa9b/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181205085412-a5c9d58dba9a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -506,8 +500,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0 h1:dO4czNzziLiiXplLQgBCEpCvXQ3dnkn0SdaZSYdQ+FY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0 h1:Ivj+2Cp/ylzLiEU89QhWblYnOE9zerudt9Ftecq2C6k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -517,8 +511,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.12.0/go.mod h1:owVbMEjm3cBLCHdkQu9b1opXd4ETQWc3BhuQGKgXgvU=
 golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
 golang.org/x/term v0.20.0/go.mod h1:8UkIAJTvZgivsXaD6/pH6U9ecQzZ45awqEOzuCvwpFY=
 golang.org/x/term v0.29.0/go.mod h1:6bl4lRlvVuDgSf3179VpIxBF0o10JUpXWOnI7nErv7s=
-golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 h1:S4RLU2sB31O/NCl+zFN9Aru9A/Cq2aqKpTZJ6B+DwT4=
-golang.org/x/term v0.43.0/go.mod h1:lrhlHNdQJHO+1qVYiHfFKVuVioJIheAc3fBSMFYEIsk=
+golang.org/x/term v0.40.0 h1:36e4zGLqU4yhjlmxEaagx2KuYbJq3EwY8K943ZsHcvg=
+golang.org/x/term v0.40.0/go.mod h1:w2P8uVp06p2iyKKuvXIm7N/y0UCRt3UfJTfZ7oOpglM=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
@@ -528,31 +522,31 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
-golang.org/x/text v0.37.0 h1:Cqjiwd9eSg8e0QAkyCaQTNHFIIzWtidPahFWR83rTrc=
-golang.org/x/text v0.37.0/go.mod h1:a5sjxXGs9hsn/AJVwuElvCAo9v8QYLzvavO5z2PiM38=
-golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 h1:bbrp8t3bGUeFOx08pvsMYRTCVSMk89u4tKbNOZbp88U=
-golang.org/x/time v0.15.0/go.mod h1:Y4YMaQmXwGQZoFaVFk4YpCt4FLQMYKZe9oeV/f4MSno=
+golang.org/x/text v0.34.0 h1:oL/Qq0Kdaqxa1KbNeMKwQq0reLCCaFtqu2eNuSeNHbk=
+golang.org/x/text v0.34.0/go.mod h1:homfLqTYRFyVYemLBFl5GgL/DWEiH5wcsQ5gSh1yziA=
+golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 h1:MRx4UaLrDotUKUdCIqzPC48t1Y9hANFKIRpNx+Te8PI=
+golang.org/x/time v0.14.0/go.mod h1:eL/Oa2bBBK0TkX57Fyni+NgnyQQN4LitPmob2Hjnqw4=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.44.0 h1:UP4ajHPIcuMjT1GqzDWRlalUEoY+uzoZKnhOjbIPD2c=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.44.0/go.mod h1:KA0AfVErSdxRZIsOVipbv3rQhVXTnlU6UhKxHd1seDI=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 h1:uNgphsn75Tdz5Ji2q36v/nsFSfR/9BRFvqhGBaJGd5k=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Ma6lCIwGZvHK6XtgbswSoWroEkhugApmsXyrUmBhfr0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 h1:VbpOemQlsSMrYmn7T2OUvQ4dqxQXU+ouZFQsZOx50z4=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0/go.mod h1:El3tOrEuMpv2UdMrbNlKEh9vd86bmQ6vqIcDwxEOc1E=
-google.golang.org/api v0.277.0 h1:HJfyJUiNeBBUMai7ez8u14wkp/gH/I4wpGbbO9o+cSk=
-google.golang.org/api v0.277.0/go.mod h1:B9TqLBwJqVjp1mtt7WeoQwWRwvu/400y5lETOql+giQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7 h1:XzmzkmB14QhVhgnawEVsOn6OFsnpyxNPRY9QV01dNB0=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7/go.mod h1:L43LFes82YgSonw6iTXTxXUX1OlULt4AQtkik4ULL/I=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d h1:/aDRtSZJjyLQzm75d+a1wOJaqyKBMvIAfeQmoa3ORiI=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d/go.mod h1:etfGUgejTiadZAUaEP14NP97xi1RGeawqkjDARA/UOs=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260427160629-7cedc36a6bc4 h1:tEkOQcXgF6dH1G+MVKZrfpYvozGrzb91k6ha7jireSM=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260427160629-7cedc36a6bc4/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0 h1:W3G9N3KQf3BU+YuCtGKJk0CmxQNbAISICD/9AORxLIw=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0/go.mod h1:xGH9GfzOyMTGIOXBJmXt+BX/V0kcdQbdcuwQ/zNw42I=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
+google.golang.org/api v0.265.0 h1:FZvfUdI8nfmuNrE34aOWFPmLC+qRBEiNm3JdivTvAAU=
+google.golang.org/api v0.265.0/go.mod h1:uAvfEl3SLUj/7n6k+lJutcswVojHPp2Sp08jWCu8hLY=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409 h1:VQZ/yAbAtjkHgH80teYd2em3xtIkkHd7ZhqfH2N9CsM=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409/go.mod h1:rxKD3IEILWEu3P44seeNOAwZN4SaoKaQ/2eTg4mM6EM=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409 h1:merA0rdPeUV3YIIfHHcH4qBkiQAc1nfCKSI7lB4cV2M=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409/go.mod h1:fl8J1IvUjCilwZzQowmw2b7HQB2eAuYBabMXzWurF+I=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409 h1:H86B94AW+VfJWDqFeEbBPhEtHzJwJfTbgE2lZa54ZAQ=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260128011058-8636f8732409/go.mod h1:j9x/tPzZkyxcgEFkiKEEGxfvyumM01BEtsW8xzOahRQ=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0 h1:K1XZG/yGDJnzMdd/uZHAkVqJE+xIDOcmdSFZkBUicNc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0/go.mod h1:I47qjTo4OKbMkjA/aOOwxDIiPSBofUtQUI5EfpWvW7U=
 google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1 h1:F29+wU6Ee6qgu9TddPgooOdaqsxTMunOoj8KA5yuS5A=
 google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5KF+wpkbTSbGcR9zteSqZV6fqFOWBl4Yde8En8MryZA=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-
-	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
-)
-
-// LoggableHTTPHeader makes an HTTP header loggable with zap.Object().
-// Headers with potentially sensitive information (Cookie, Set-Cookie,
-// Authorization, and Proxy-Authorization) are logged with empty values.
-type LoggableHTTPHeader struct {
-	http.Header
-
-	ShouldLogCredentials bool
-}
-
-// MarshalLogObject satisfies the zapcore.ObjectMarshaler interface.
-func (h LoggableHTTPHeader) MarshalLogObject(enc zapcore.ObjectEncoder) error {
-	if h.Header == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for key, val := range h.Header {
-		if !h.ShouldLogCredentials {
-			switch strings.ToLower(key) {
-			case "cookie", "set-cookie", "authorization", "proxy-authorization":
-				val = []string{"REDACTED"} // see #5669. I still think ▒▒▒▒ would be cool.
-			}
-		}
-		enc.AddArray(key, LoggableStringArray(val))
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// LoggableStringArray makes a slice of strings marshalable for logging.
-type LoggableStringArray []string
-
-// MarshalLogArray satisfies the zapcore.ArrayMarshaler interface.
-func (sa LoggableStringArray) MarshalLogArray(enc zapcore.ArrayEncoder) error {
-	if sa == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for _, s := range sa {
-		enc.AppendString(s)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Interface guards
-var (
-	_ zapcore.ObjectMarshaler = (*LoggableHTTPHeader)(nil)
-	_ zapcore.ArrayMarshaler  = (*LoggableStringArray)(nil)
-)
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )

+func reuseUnixSocket(_, _ string) (any, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	var socketFile *os.File

@@ -116,8 +120,8 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 // re-wrapped in a new fakeCloseListener each time the listener
 // is reused. This type is atomic and values must not be copied.
 type fakeCloseListener struct {
-	closed          atomic.Bool
-	*sharedListener // embedded, so we also become a net.Listener
+	closed          int32 // accessed atomically; belongs to this struct only
+	*sharedListener       // embedded, so we also become a net.Listener
 	keepAliveConfig net.KeepAliveConfig
 }

@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@ type canSetKeepAliveConfig interface {

 func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
 	// if the listener is already "closed", return error
-	if fcl.closed.Load() {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcl.closed) == 1 {
 		return nil, fakeClosedErr(fcl)
 	}

@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
 	// that we set when Close() was called, and return a non-temporary and
 	// non-timeout error value to the caller, masking the "true" error, so
 	// that server loops / goroutines won't retry, linger, and leak
-	if fcl.closed.Load() {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcl.closed) == 1 {
 		// we dereference the sharedListener explicitly even though it's embedded
 		// so that it's clear in the code that side-effects are shared with other
 		// users of this listener, not just our own reference to it; we also don't
@@ -171,7 +175,7 @@ func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
 // underlying listener. The underlying listener is only closed
 // if the caller is the last known user of the socket.
 func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Close() error {
-	if fcl.closed.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcl.closed, 0, 1) {
 		// There are two ways I know of to get an Accept()
 		// function to return to the server loop that called
 		// it: close the listener, or set a deadline in the
@@ -234,13 +238,13 @@ func (sl *sharedListener) Destruct() error {
 // fakeClosePacketConn is like fakeCloseListener, but for PacketConns,
 // or more specifically, *net.UDPConn
 type fakeClosePacketConn struct {
-	closed            atomic.Bool
-	*sharedPacketConn // embedded, so we also become a net.PacketConn; its key is used in Close
+	closed            int32 // accessed atomically; belongs to this struct only
+	*sharedPacketConn       // embedded, so we also become a net.PacketConn; its key is used in Close
 }

 func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) ReadFrom(p []byte) (n int, addr net.Addr, err error) {
 	// if the listener is already "closed", return error
-	if fcpc.closed.Load() {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcpc.closed) == 1 {
 		return 0, nil, &net.OpError{
 			Op:   "readfrom",
 			Net:  fcpc.LocalAddr().Network(),
@@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) ReadFrom(p []byte) (n int, addr net.Addr, err e
 	if err != nil {
 		// this server was stopped, so clear the deadline and let
 		// any new server continue reading; but we will exit
-		if fcpc.closed.Load() {
+		if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcpc.closed) == 1 {
 			if netErr, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && netErr.Timeout() {
 				if err = fcpc.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
 					return n, addr, err
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) ReadFrom(p []byte) (n int, addr net.Addr, err e

 // Close won't close the underlying socket unless there is no more reference, then listenerPool will close it.
 func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) Close() error {
-	if fcpc.closed.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcpc.closed, 0, 1) {
 		_ = fcpc.SetReadDeadline(time.Now()) // unblock ReadFrom() calls to kick old servers out of their loops
 		_, _ = listenerPool.Delete(fcpc.sharedPacketConn.key)
 	}
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//go:build (!unix || solaris) && !windows
-
-package caddy
-
-func reuseUnixSocket(_, _ string) (any, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//go:build windows
-
-package caddy
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-)
-
-var errUnixSocketAlreadyInUse = errors.New("unix socket is already in use by another process")
-
-func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
-	if !IsUnixNetwork(network) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	// Note: This is here mainly for proper compatibility, because Unix sockets with abstract names are in an interesting limbo state on Windows:
-	// Go already translates `@` characters to `\0` for Windows: https://github.com/golang/go/blob/65d5c5f6dd8aa7b221cff6ec3f5101ea2e5f3efa/src/syscall/syscall_windows.go#L910
-	// ...but there still is an open issue about the fact that this is not properly supported: https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4240#issuecomment-620805115
-	// The main issue is that the original announcement proclaimed support for this feature, but it was (apparently) never implemented: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/af_unix-comes-to-windows/
-	isAbstractUnixSocket := strings.HasPrefix(addr, "@")
-
-	if isAbstractUnixSocket {
-		// Abstract Unix sockets do not require us to remove stale socket files.
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	// On Windows, we're using the `fakeCloseListener` wrappers around a single, ever-living listener.
-	// So, if there's an active listener entry in the pool, we're the current owner of the Unix socket file.
-	_, socketBelongsToCurrentProcess := listenerPool.References(listenerKey(network, addr))
-
-	if socketBelongsToCurrentProcess {
-		// Reuse/cleanup is entirely handled by the refcounting mechanism in `listenerPool`.
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	// If the socket file does not exist or has no backing server process, this will fail instantly.
-	connection, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", addr, 10*time.Millisecond)
-
-	if err == nil {
-		connection.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot reuse socket %v: %w", addr, errUnixSocketAlreadyInUse)
-	}
-
-	// Windows returns this error code both if the socket file does not exist and if it isn't backed by a server process anymore.
-	// See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/windows-sockets-error-codes-2#wsaeconnrefused
-	const WSAECONNREFUSED syscall.Errno = 10061
-
-	var errno syscall.Errno
-	hasNoListeningServerProcess := errors.As(err, &errno) && errno == WSAECONNREFUSED
-
-	if !hasNoListeningServerProcess {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot reuse socket %v: %w", addr, errUnixSocketAlreadyInUse)
-	}
-
-	// If the socket file exists, it hasn't been created by our process, and it seemingly
-	// isn't backed by a server process anymore. Try to delete it so we can bind to it later.
-	err = os.Remove(addr)
-
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	} else if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-		// Either the file didn't exist in the first place, or it was deleted before we were able to.
-		return nil, nil
-	} else {
-		// We failed to delete the file. Likely, it belongs to another (active) process.
-		return nil, err
-	}
-}
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			unixSocket.count.Add(1)
+			atomic.AddInt32(unixSocket.count, 1)
 			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixListener{ln.(*net.UnixListener), socketKey, unixSocket.count}

 		case *unixConn:
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			unixSocket.count.Add(1)
+			atomic.AddInt32(unixSocket.count, 1)
 			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), socketKey, unixSocket.count}
 		}

@@ -165,9 +165,8 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 		if !fd {
 			// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener, so...
 			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
-				cnt := new(atomic.Int32)
-				cnt.Store(1)
-				ln = &unixConn{unix, lnKey, cnt}
+				one := int32(1)
+				ln = &unixConn{unix, lnKey, &one}
 				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
 			}
 		}
@@ -182,9 +181,8 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 			// (we do our own "unlink on close" -- not required, but more tidy)
 			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixListener); ok {
 				unix.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
-				cnt := new(atomic.Int32)
-				cnt.Store(1)
-				ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, cnt}
+				one := int32(1)
+				ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, &one}
 				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixListener)
 			}
 		}
@@ -218,11 +216,11 @@ func reusePort(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
 type unixListener struct {
 	*net.UnixListener
 	mapKey string
-	count  *atomic.Int32
+	count  *int32 // accessed atomically
 }

 func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
-	newCount := uln.count.Add(-1)
+	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uln.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
 		file, err := uln.File()
 		var name string
@@ -244,11 +242,11 @@ func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
 type unixConn struct {
 	*net.UnixConn
 	mapKey string
-	count  *atomic.Int32
+	count  *int32 // accessed atomically
 }

 func (uc *unixConn) Close() error {
-	newCount := uc.count.Add(-1)
+	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uc.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
 		file, err := uc.File()
 		var name string
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal"
 )

+// listenFdsStart is the first file descriptor number for systemd socket activation.
+// File descriptors 0, 1, 2 are reserved for stdin, stdout, stderr.
+const listenFdsStart = 3
+
 // NetworkAddress represents one or more network addresses.
 // It contains the individual components for a parsed network
 // address of the form accepted by ParseNetworkAddress().
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) JoinHostPort(offset uint) string {
 func (na NetworkAddress) Expand() []NetworkAddress {
 	size := na.PortRangeSize()
 	addrs := make([]NetworkAddress, size)
-	for portOffset := range size {
+	for portOffset := uint(0); portOffset < size; portOffset++ {
 		addrs[portOffset] = na.At(portOffset)
 	}
 	return addrs
@@ -305,6 +309,64 @@ func IsFdNetwork(netw string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "fd")
 }

+// getFdByName returns the file descriptor number for the given
+// socket name from systemd's LISTEN_FDNAMES environment variable.
+// Socket names are provided by systemd via socket activation.
+//
+// The name can optionally include an index to handle multiple sockets
+// with the same name: "web:0" for first, "web:1" for second, etc.
+// If no index is specified, defaults to index 0 (first occurrence).
+func getFdByName(nameWithIndex string) (int, error) {
+	if nameWithIndex == "" {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("socket name cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	fdNamesStr := os.Getenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES")
+	if fdNamesStr == "" {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("LISTEN_FDNAMES environment variable not set")
+	}
+
+	// Parse name and optional index
+	parts := strings.Split(nameWithIndex, ":")
+	if len(parts) > 2 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket name format '%s': too many colons", nameWithIndex)
+	}
+
+	name := parts[0]
+	targetIndex := 0
+
+	if len(parts) > 1 {
+		var err error
+		targetIndex, err = strconv.Atoi(parts[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket index '%s': %v", parts[1], err)
+		}
+		if targetIndex < 0 {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("socket index cannot be negative: %d", targetIndex)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Parse the socket names
+	names := strings.Split(fdNamesStr, ":")
+
+	// Find the Nth occurrence of the requested name
+	matchCount := 0
+	for i, fdName := range names {
+		if fdName == name {
+			if matchCount == targetIndex {
+				return listenFdsStart + i, nil
+			}
+			matchCount++
+		}
+	}
+
+	if matchCount == 0 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("socket name '%s' not found in LISTEN_FDNAMES", name)
+	}
+
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("socket name '%s' found %d times, but index %d requested", name, matchCount, targetIndex)
+}
+
 // ParseNetworkAddress parses addr into its individual
 // components. The input string is expected to be of
 // the form "network/host:port-range" where any part is
@@ -336,9 +398,27 @@ func ParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(addr, defaultNetwork string, defaultPort ui
 		}, err
 	}
 	if IsFdNetwork(network) {
+		fdAddr := host
+
+		// Handle named socket activation (fdname/name, fdgramname/name)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(network, "fdname") || strings.HasPrefix(network, "fdgramname") {
+			fdNum, err := getFdByName(host)
+			if err != nil {
+				return NetworkAddress{}, fmt.Errorf("named socket activation: %v", err)
+			}
+			fdAddr = strconv.Itoa(fdNum)
+
+			// Normalize network to standard fd/fdgram
+			if strings.HasPrefix(network, "fdname") {
+				network = "fd"
+			} else {
+				network = "fdgram"
+			}
+		}
+
 		return NetworkAddress{
 			Network: network,
-			Host:    host,
+			Host:    fdAddr,
 		}, nil
 	}
 	var start, end uint64
@@ -462,10 +542,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config
 		sqs := newSharedQUICState(tlsConf)
 		// http3.ConfigureTLSConfig only uses this field and tls App sets this field as well
 		//nolint:gosec
-		quicTlsConfig := &tls.Config{
-			GetConfigForClient:          sqs.getConfigForClient,
-			GetEncryptedClientHelloKeys: sqs.getEncryptedClientHelloKeys,
-		}
+		quicTlsConfig := &tls.Config{GetConfigForClient: sqs.getConfigForClient}
 		// Require clients to verify their source address when we're handling more than 1000 handshakes per second.
 		// TODO: make tunable?
 		limiter := rate.NewLimiter(1000, 1000)
@@ -515,7 +592,7 @@ func ListenerUsage(network, addr string) int {
 // contextAndCancelFunc groups context and its cancelFunc
 type contextAndCancelFunc struct {
 	context.Context
-	context.CancelCauseFunc
+	context.CancelFunc
 }

 // sharedQUICState manages GetConfigForClient
@@ -543,29 +620,19 @@ func (sqs *sharedQUICState) getConfigForClient(ch *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Co
 	return sqs.activeTlsConf.GetConfigForClient(ch)
 }

-// getEncryptedClientHelloKeys is used as tls.Config's GetEncryptedClientHelloKeys field.
-func (sqs *sharedQUICState) getEncryptedClientHelloKeys(ch *tls.ClientHelloInfo) ([]tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey, error) {
-	sqs.rmu.RLock()
-	defer sqs.rmu.RUnlock()
-	if sqs.activeTlsConf.GetEncryptedClientHelloKeys == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	return sqs.activeTlsConf.GetEncryptedClientHelloKeys(ch)
-}
-
 // addState adds tls.Config and activeRequests to the map if not present and returns the corresponding context and its cancelFunc
 // so that when cancelled, the active tls.Config will change
-func (sqs *sharedQUICState) addState(tlsConfig *tls.Config) (context.Context, context.CancelCauseFunc) {
+func (sqs *sharedQUICState) addState(tlsConfig *tls.Config) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
 	sqs.rmu.Lock()
 	defer sqs.rmu.Unlock()

 	if cacc, ok := sqs.tlsConfs[tlsConfig]; ok {
-		return cacc.Context, cacc.CancelCauseFunc
+		return cacc.Context, cacc.CancelFunc
 	}

-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.Background())
-	wrappedCancel := func(cause error) {
-		cancel(cause)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	wrappedCancel := func() {
+		cancel()

 		sqs.rmu.Lock()
 		defer sqs.rmu.Unlock()
@@ -621,13 +688,13 @@ func fakeClosedErr(l interface{ Addr() net.Addr }) error {
 // indicating that it is pretending to be closed so that the
 // server using it can terminate, while the underlying
 // socket is actually left open.
-var errFakeClosed = fmt.Errorf("QUIC listener 'closed' 😉")
+var errFakeClosed = fmt.Errorf("listener 'closed' 😉")

 type fakeCloseQuicListener struct {
-	closed              atomic.Int32
-	*sharedQuicListener // embedded, so we also become a quic.EarlyListener
+	closed              int32 // accessed atomically; belongs to this struct only
+	*sharedQuicListener       // embedded, so we also become a quic.EarlyListener
 	context             context.Context
-	contextCancel       context.CancelCauseFunc
+	contextCancel       context.CancelFunc
 }

 // Currently Accept ignores the passed context, however a situation where
@@ -642,16 +709,16 @@ func (fcql *fakeCloseQuicListener) Accept(_ context.Context) (*quic.Conn, error)
 	}

 	// if the listener is "closed", return a fake closed error instead
-	if fcql.closed.Load() == 1 && errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcql.closed) == 1 && errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 		return nil, fakeClosedErr(fcql)
 	}
 	return nil, err
 }

 func (fcql *fakeCloseQuicListener) Close() error {
-	if fcql.closed.CompareAndSwap(0, 1) {
-		fcql.contextCancel(errFakeClosed)
-	} else if fcql.closed.CompareAndSwap(1, 2) {
+	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcql.closed, 0, 1) {
+		fcql.contextCancel()
+	} else if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcql.closed, 1, 2) {
 		_, _ = listenerPool.Delete(fcql.sharedQuicListener.key)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 package caddy

 import (
-	"crypto/tls"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"

@@ -176,63 +176,6 @@ func TestJoinNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestSharedQUICStateGetEncryptedClientHelloKeys(t *testing.T) {
-	hello := &tls.ClientHelloInfo{ServerName: "example.com"}
-	initialKeys := []tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey{{Config: []byte("initial"), PrivateKey: []byte("initial-key")}}
-	updatedKeys := []tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey{{Config: []byte("updated"), PrivateKey: []byte("updated-key")}}
-
-	initialConfig := &tls.Config{
-		GetConfigForClient: func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
-			return nil, nil
-		},
-		GetEncryptedClientHelloKeys: func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) ([]tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey, error) {
-			return initialKeys, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	sqs := newSharedQUICState(initialConfig)
-
-	keys, err := sqs.getEncryptedClientHelloKeys(hello)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("getting initial ECH keys: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(keys, initialKeys) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected initial ECH keys: got %#v, want %#v", keys, initialKeys)
-	}
-
-	updatedConfig := &tls.Config{
-		GetConfigForClient: func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
-			return nil, nil
-		},
-		GetEncryptedClientHelloKeys: func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) ([]tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey, error) {
-			return updatedKeys, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	_, cancel := sqs.addState(updatedConfig)
-	sqs.rmu.Lock()
-	sqs.activeTlsConf = updatedConfig
-	sqs.rmu.Unlock()
-
-	keys, err = sqs.getEncryptedClientHelloKeys(hello)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("getting updated ECH keys: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(keys, updatedKeys) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected updated ECH keys: got %#v, want %#v", keys, updatedKeys)
-	}
-
-	cancel(nil)
-
-	keys, err = sqs.getEncryptedClientHelloKeys(hello)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("getting restored ECH keys: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(keys, initialKeys) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected restored ECH keys: got %#v, want %#v", keys, initialKeys)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestParseNetworkAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		input          string
@@ -710,3 +653,286 @@ func TestSplitUnixSocketPermissionsBits(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestGetFdByName tests the getFdByName function for systemd socket activation.
+func TestGetFdByName(t *testing.T) {
+	// Save original environment
+	originalFdNames := os.Getenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES")
+
+	// Restore environment after test
+	defer func() {
+		if originalFdNames != "" {
+			os.Setenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES", originalFdNames)
+		} else {
+			os.Unsetenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		fdNames     string
+		socketName  string
+		expectedFd  int
+		expectError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "simple http socket",
+			fdNames:    "http",
+			socketName: "http",
+			expectedFd: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "multiple different sockets - first",
+			fdNames:    "http:https:dns",
+			socketName: "http",
+			expectedFd: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "multiple different sockets - second",
+			fdNames:    "http:https:dns",
+			socketName: "https",
+			expectedFd: 4,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "multiple different sockets - third",
+			fdNames:    "http:https:dns",
+			socketName: "dns",
+			expectedFd: 5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "duplicate names - first occurrence (no index)",
+			fdNames:    "web:web:api",
+			socketName: "web",
+			expectedFd: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "duplicate names - first occurrence (explicit index 0)",
+			fdNames:    "web:web:api",
+			socketName: "web:0",
+			expectedFd: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "duplicate names - second occurrence (index 1)",
+			fdNames:    "web:web:api",
+			socketName: "web:1",
+			expectedFd: 4,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "complex duplicates - first api",
+			fdNames:    "web:api:web:api:dns",
+			socketName: "api:0",
+			expectedFd: 4,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "complex duplicates - second api",
+			fdNames:    "web:api:web:api:dns",
+			socketName: "api:1",
+			expectedFd: 6,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "complex duplicates - first web",
+			fdNames:    "web:api:web:api:dns",
+			socketName: "web:0",
+			expectedFd: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "complex duplicates - second web",
+			fdNames:    "web:api:web:api:dns",
+			socketName: "web:1",
+			expectedFd: 5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "socket not found",
+			fdNames:     "http:https",
+			socketName:  "missing",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "empty socket name",
+			fdNames:     "http",
+			socketName:  "",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing LISTEN_FDNAMES",
+			fdNames:     "",
+			socketName:  "http",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "index out of range",
+			fdNames:     "web:web",
+			socketName:  "web:2",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "negative index",
+			fdNames:     "web",
+			socketName:  "web:-1",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid index format",
+			fdNames:     "web",
+			socketName:  "web:abc",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "too many colons",
+			fdNames:     "web",
+			socketName:  "web:0:extra",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Set up environment
+			if tc.fdNames != "" {
+				os.Setenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES", tc.fdNames)
+			} else {
+				os.Unsetenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES")
+			}
+
+			// Test the function
+			fd, err := getFdByName(tc.socketName)
+
+			if tc.expectError {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected error but got none")
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+				}
+				if fd != tc.expectedFd {
+					t.Errorf("Expected FD %d but got %d", tc.expectedFd, fd)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseNetworkAddressFdName tests parsing of fdname and fdgramname addresses.
+func TestParseNetworkAddressFdName(t *testing.T) {
+	// Save and restore environment
+	originalFdNames := os.Getenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES")
+	defer func() {
+		if originalFdNames != "" {
+			os.Setenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES", originalFdNames)
+		} else {
+			os.Unsetenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Set up test environment
+	os.Setenv("LISTEN_FDNAMES", "http:https:dns")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		input      string
+		expectAddr NetworkAddress
+		expectErr  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			input: "fdname/http",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fd",
+				Host:    "3",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdname/https",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fd",
+				Host:    "4",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdname/dns",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fd",
+				Host:    "5",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdname/http:0",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fd",
+				Host:    "3",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdname/https:0",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fd",
+				Host:    "4",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdgramname/http",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fdgram",
+				Host:    "3",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdgramname/https",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fdgram",
+				Host:    "4",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdgramname/http:0",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fdgram",
+				Host:    "3",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "fdname/nonexistent",
+			expectErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "fdgramname/nonexistent",
+			expectErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "fdname/http:99",
+			expectErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "fdname/invalid:abc",
+			expectErr: true,
+		},
+		// Test that old fd/N syntax still works
+		{
+			input: "fd/7",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fd",
+				Host:    "7",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "fdgram/8",
+			expectAddr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "fdgram",
+				Host:    "8",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, tc := range tests {
+		actualAddr, err := ParseNetworkAddress(tc.input)
+
+		if tc.expectErr && err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d (%s): Expected error but got none", i, tc.input)
+		}
+		if !tc.expectErr && err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d (%s): Expected no error but got: %v", i, tc.input, err)
+		}
+		if !tc.expectErr && !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.expectAddr, actualAddr) {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d (%s): Expected %+v but got %+v", i, tc.input, tc.expectAddr, actualAddr)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ func init() {
 // `{http.request.orig_uri.path.dir}` | The request's original directory
 // `{http.request.orig_uri.path.file}` | The request's original filename
 // `{http.request.orig_uri.query}` | The request's original query string (without `?`)
-// `{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}` | The request's original query string with a `?` prefix, if non-empty
 // `{http.request.port}` | The port part of the request's Host header
 // `{http.request.proto}` | The protocol of the request
 // `{http.request.local.host}` | The host (IP) part of the local address the connection arrived on
@@ -98,15 +97,11 @@ func init() {
 // `{http.request.tls.client.san.ips.*}` | SAN IP addresses (index optional)
 // `{http.request.tls.client.san.uris.*}` | SAN URIs (index optional)
 // `{http.request.uri}` | The full request URI
-// `{http.request.uri_escaped}` | The full request URI with query-style URL encoding applied (using url.QueryEscape)
 // `{http.request.uri.path}` | The path component of the request URI
-// `{http.request.uri.path_escaped}` | The path component of the request URI with query-style URL encoding applied (using url.QueryEscape)
 // `{http.request.uri.path.*}` | Parts of the path, split by `/` (0-based from left)
 // `{http.request.uri.path.dir}` | The directory, excluding leaf filename
 // `{http.request.uri.path.file}` | The filename of the path, excluding directory
 // `{http.request.uri.query}` | The query string (without `?`)
-// `{http.request.uri.query_escaped}` | The query string with query-style URL encoding applied (using url.QueryEscape)
-// `{http.request.uri.prefixed_query}` | The query string with a `?` prefix, if non-empty
 // `{http.request.uri.query.*}` | Individual query string value
 // `{http.response.header.*}` | Specific response header field
 // `{http.vars.*}` | Custom variables in the HTTP handler chain
@@ -207,9 +202,6 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		app.Metrics.httpMetrics = &httpMetrics{}
 		// Scan config for allowed hosts to prevent cardinality explosion
 		app.Metrics.scanConfigForHosts(app)
-		if err := app.Metrics.provisionOTLP(ctx); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
 	}
 	// prepare each server
 	oldContext := ctx.Context
@@ -221,6 +213,8 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		srv.ctx = ctx
 		srv.logger = app.logger.Named("log")
 		srv.errorLogger = app.logger.Named("log.error")
+		srv.shutdownAtMu = new(sync.RWMutex)
+
 		if srv.Metrics != nil {
 			srv.logger.Warn("per-server 'metrics' is deprecated; use 'metrics' in the root 'http' app instead")
 			app.Metrics = cmp.Or(app.Metrics, &Metrics{
@@ -240,7 +234,12 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {

 		// if no protocols configured explicitly, enable all except h2c
 		if len(srv.Protocols) == 0 {
-			srv.Protocols = srv.protocolsWithDefaults()
+			srv.Protocols = []string{"h1", "h2", "h3"}
+		}
+
+		srvProtocolsUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
+		for _, srvProtocol := range srv.Protocols {
+			srvProtocolsUnique[srvProtocol] = struct{}{}
 		}

 		if srv.ListenProtocols != nil {
@@ -251,7 +250,31 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {

 			for i, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
 				if lnProtocols != nil {
-					srv.ListenProtocols[i] = srv.listenerProtocolsWithDefaults(lnProtocols)
+					// populate empty listen protocols with server protocols
+					lnProtocolsDefault := false
+					var lnProtocolsInclude []string
+					srvProtocolsInclude := maps.Clone(srvProtocolsUnique)
+
+					// keep existing listener protocols unless they are empty
+					for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
+						if lnProtocol == "" {
+							lnProtocolsDefault = true
+						} else {
+							lnProtocolsInclude = append(lnProtocolsInclude, lnProtocol)
+							delete(srvProtocolsInclude, lnProtocol)
+						}
+					}
+
+					// append server protocols to listener protocols if any listener protocols were empty
+					if lnProtocolsDefault {
+						for _, srvProtocol := range srv.Protocols {
+							if _, ok := srvProtocolsInclude[srvProtocol]; ok {
+								lnProtocolsInclude = append(lnProtocolsInclude, srvProtocol)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					srv.ListenProtocols[i] = lnProtocolsInclude
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -665,7 +688,9 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 				for _, addr := range na.Expand() {
 					if caddy.ListenerUsage(addr.Network, addr.JoinHostPort(0)) < 2 {
 						app.logger.Debug("listener closing and shutdown delay is configured", zap.String("address", addr.String()))
-						server.shutdownAt.Store(&scheduledTime)
+						server.shutdownAtMu.Lock()
+						server.shutdownAt = scheduledTime
+						server.shutdownAtMu.Unlock()
 						delay = true
 					} else {
 						app.logger.Debug("shutdown delay configured but listener will remain open", zap.String("address", addr.String()))
@@ -686,10 +711,9 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 	// enforce grace period if configured
 	if app.GracePeriod > 0 {
 		var cancel context.CancelFunc
-		timeout := time.Duration(app.GracePeriod)
-		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeoutCause(ctx, timeout, fmt.Errorf("server graceful shutdown %ds timeout", int(timeout.Seconds())))
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(app.GracePeriod))
 		defer cancel()
-		app.logger.Info("servers shutting down; grace period initiated", zap.Duration("duration", timeout))
+		app.logger.Info("servers shutting down; grace period initiated", zap.Duration("duration", time.Duration(app.GracePeriod)))
 	} else {
 		app.logger.Info("servers shutting down with eternal grace period")
 	}
@@ -715,9 +739,6 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 		}

 		if err := server.server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-			if cause := context.Cause(ctx); cause != nil && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				err = cause
-			}
 			app.logger.Error("server shutdown",
 				zap.Error(err),
 				zap.Strings("addresses", server.Listen))
@@ -741,9 +762,6 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 		}

 		if err := server.h3server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-			if cause := context.Cause(ctx); cause != nil && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				err = cause
-			}
 			app.logger.Error("HTTP/3 server shutdown",
 				zap.Error(err),
 				zap.Strings("addresses", server.Listen))
@@ -790,12 +808,6 @@ func (app *App) Stop() error {
 		}
 	}

-	// flush and shut down the OTLP metrics exporter (if configured) so any
-	// last data point reaches the collector before the process exits
-	if err := app.Metrics.shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-		app.logger.Error("shutting down OTLP metrics", zap.Error(err))
-	}
-
 	app.stopped = true
 	return nil
 }
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPSPhase1(ctx caddy.Context, repl *caddy.Replacer) er
 		for d := range serverDomainSet {
 			echDomains = append(echDomains, d)
 		}
-		app.tlsApp.RegisterServerNames(echDomains, httpsRRALPNs(srv))
+		app.tlsApp.RegisterServerNames(echDomains)

 		// nothing more to do here if there are no domains that qualify for
 		// automatic HTTPS and there are no explicit TLS connection policies:
@@ -258,13 +258,18 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPSPhase1(ctx caddy.Context, repl *caddy.Replacer) er
 			// an empty string to indicate a catch-all, which we have to
 			// treat special later
 			if len(serverDomainSet) == 0 {
-				app.recordAutoHTTPSRedirectAddress(redirDomains, "", addr)
+				redirDomains[""] = append(redirDomains[""], addr)
 				continue
 			}

 			// ...and associate it with each domain in this server
 			for d := range serverDomainSet {
-				app.recordAutoHTTPSRedirectAddress(redirDomains, d, addr)
+				// if this domain is used on more than one HTTPS-enabled
+				// port, we'll have to choose one, so prefer the HTTPS port
+				if _, ok := redirDomains[d]; !ok ||
+					addr.StartPort == uint(app.httpsPort()) {
+					redirDomains[d] = append(redirDomains[d], addr)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -419,40 +424,6 @@ redirServersLoop:
 		// we'll create a new server for all the listener addresses
 		// that are unused and serve the remaining redirects from it

-		// Sort redirect routes by host specificity to ensure exact matches
-		// take precedence over wildcards, preventing ambiguous routing.
-		slices.SortFunc(routes, func(a, b Route) int {
-			hostA := getFirstHostFromRoute(a)
-			hostB := getFirstHostFromRoute(b)
-
-			// Catch-all routes (empty host) have the lowest priority
-			if hostA == "" && hostB != "" {
-				return 1
-			}
-			if hostB == "" && hostA != "" {
-				return -1
-			}
-
-			hasWildcardA := strings.Contains(hostA, "*")
-			hasWildcardB := strings.Contains(hostB, "*")
-
-			// Exact domains take precedence over wildcards
-			if !hasWildcardA && hasWildcardB {
-				return -1
-			}
-			if hasWildcardA && !hasWildcardB {
-				return 1
-			}
-
-			// If both are exact or both are wildcards, the longer one is more specific
-			if len(hostA) != len(hostB) {
-				return len(hostB) - len(hostA)
-			}
-
-			// Tie-breaker: alphabetical order to ensure determinism
-			return strings.Compare(hostA, hostB)
-		})
-
 		// Use the sorted srvNames to consistently find the target server
 		for _, srvName := range srvNames {
 			srv := app.Servers[srvName]
@@ -512,35 +483,6 @@ redirServersLoop:
 	return nil
 }

-// recordAutoHTTPSRedirectAddress stores redirect destinations for one domain
-// using a single winning port while keeping all bind addresses on that port.
-//
-// This is needed to avoid two opposite regressions in auto-HTTPS redirects:
-// preserve all listener addresses when a site binds multiple addresses on the
-// same HTTPS port, but do not mix in alternate HTTPS ports when the canonical
-// app HTTPS port is also available.
-func (app *App) recordAutoHTTPSRedirectAddress(redirDomains map[string][]caddy.NetworkAddress, domain string, addr caddy.NetworkAddress) {
-	existing := redirDomains[domain]
-	if len(existing) == 0 {
-		redirDomains[domain] = []caddy.NetworkAddress{addr}
-		return
-	}
-
-	existingPort := existing[0].StartPort
-	if addr.StartPort != existingPort {
-		if addr.StartPort == uint(app.httpsPort()) && existingPort != uint(app.httpsPort()) {
-			redirDomains[domain] = []caddy.NetworkAddress{addr}
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	if slices.Contains(existing, addr) {
-		return
-	}
-
-	redirDomains[domain] = append(existing, addr)
-}
-
 func (app *App) makeRedirRoute(redirToPort uint, matcherSet MatcherSet) Route {
 	redirTo := "https://{http.request.host}"

@@ -574,20 +516,6 @@ func (app *App) makeRedirRoute(redirToPort uint, matcherSet MatcherSet) Route {
 	}
 }

-func httpsRRALPNs(srv *Server) []string {
-	alpn := make(map[string]struct{}, 3)
-	if srv.protocol("h3") {
-		alpn["h3"] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	if srv.protocol("h2") {
-		alpn["h2"] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	if srv.protocol("h1") {
-		alpn["http/1.1"] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return caddytls.OrderedHTTPSRRALPN(alpn)
-}
-
 // createAutomationPolicies ensures that automated certificates for this
 // app are managed properly. This adds up to two automation policies:
 // one for the public names, and one for the internal names. If a catch-all
@@ -652,27 +580,6 @@ func (app *App) createAutomationPolicies(ctx caddy.Context, internalNames, tails
 		}
 	}

-	// Ensure automation policies' CertMagic configs are rebuilt when
-	// ACME issuer templates may have been modified above (for example,
-	// alternate ports filled in by the HTTP app). If a policy is already
-	// provisioned, perform a lightweight rebuild of the CertMagic config
-	// so issuers receive SetConfig with the updated templates; otherwise
-	// run a normal Provision to initialize the policy.
-	for i, ap := range app.tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
-		// If the policy is already provisioned, rebuild only the CertMagic
-		// config so issuers get SetConfig with updated templates. Otherwise
-		// provision the policy normally (which may load modules).
-		if ap.IsProvisioned() {
-			if err := ap.RebuildCertMagic(app.tlsApp); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("rebuilding certmagic config for automation policy %d: %v", i, err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			if err := ap.Provision(app.tlsApp); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("provisioning automation policy %d after auto-HTTPS defaults: %v", i, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	if basePolicy == nil {
 		// no base policy found; we will make one
 		basePolicy = new(caddytls.AutomationPolicy)
@@ -886,26 +793,3 @@ func isTailscaleDomain(name string) bool {
 }

 type acmeCapable interface{ GetACMEIssuer() *caddytls.ACMEIssuer }
-
-// getFirstHostFromRoute traverses a route's matchers to find the Host rule.
-// Since we are dealing with internally generated redirect routes, the host
-// is typically the first string within the MatchHost.
-func getFirstHostFromRoute(r Route) string {
-	for _, matcherSet := range r.MatcherSets {
-		for _, m := range matcherSet {
-			// Check if the matcher is of type MatchHost (value or pointer)
-			switch hm := m.(type) {
-			case MatchHost:
-				if len(hm) > 0 {
-					return hm[0]
-				}
-			case *MatchHost:
-				if len(*hm) > 0 {
-					return (*hm)[0]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	// Return an empty string if it's a catch-all route (no specific host)
-	return ""
-}
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package caddyhttp
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestHTTPSRRALPNsDefaultProtocols(t *testing.T) {
-	srv := &Server{}
-
-	got := httpsRRALPNs(srv)
-	want := []string{"h3", "h2", "http/1.1"}
-
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected ALPN values: got %v want %v", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHTTPSRRALPNsListenProtocolOverrides(t *testing.T) {
-	srv := &Server{
-		Protocols: []string{"h1", "h2"},
-		ListenProtocols: [][]string{
-			{"h1"},
-			nil,
-			{},
-			{"h3", ""},
-		},
-	}
-
-	got := httpsRRALPNs(srv)
-	want := []string{"h3", "h2", "http/1.1"}
-
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected ALPN values: got %v want %v", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHTTPSRRALPNsIgnoresH2COnly(t *testing.T) {
-	srv := &Server{
-		Protocols: []string{"h2c"},
-	}
-
-	got := httpsRRALPNs(srv)
-	if len(got) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected ALPN values: got %v want none", got)
-	}
-}
@@ -37,12 +37,6 @@ func init() {
 // `{http.auth.user.*}` placeholders may be set for any authentication
 // modules that provide user metadata.
 //
-// If authentication is rejected but a provider returns user information,
-// the placeholder `{http.auth.candidate.id}` will be set to the candidate
-// username, and also `{http.auth.candidate.*}` placeholders may be set
-// for candidate user metadata. Candidate placeholders do not represent a
-// successfully authenticated principal.
-//
 // In case of an error, the placeholder `{http.auth.<provider>.error}`
 // will be set to the error message returned by the authentication
 // provider.
@@ -84,8 +78,6 @@ func (a *Authentication) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 func (a Authentication) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhttp.Handler) error {
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 	var user User
-	var candidate User
-	var hasCandidate bool
 	var authed bool
 	var err error
 	for provName, prov := range a.Providers {
@@ -102,34 +94,19 @@ func (a Authentication) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 		if authed {
 			break
 		}
-		if userHasInfo(user) {
-			candidate = user
-			hasCandidate = true
-		}
 	}
 	if !authed {
-		if hasCandidate {
-			setAuthUserPlaceholders(repl, "http.auth.candidate", candidate)
-		}
 		return caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusUnauthorized, fmt.Errorf("not authenticated"))
 	}

-	setAuthUserPlaceholders(repl, "http.auth.user", user)
+	repl.Set("http.auth.user.id", user.ID)
+	for k, v := range user.Metadata {
+		repl.Set("http.auth.user."+k, v)
+	}

 	return next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 }

-func userHasInfo(user User) bool {
-	return user.ID != "" || len(user.Metadata) > 0
-}
-
-func setAuthUserPlaceholders(repl *caddy.Replacer, namespace string, user User) {
-	repl.Set(namespace+".id", user.ID)
-	for k, v := range user.Metadata {
-		repl.Set(namespace+"."+k, v)
-	}
-}
-
 // Authenticator is a type which can authenticate a request.
 // If a request was not authenticated, it returns false. An
 // error is only returned if authenticating the request fails
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package caddyauth
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
-)
-
-func TestAuthenticationRejectedUserSetsCandidatePlaceholders(t *testing.T) {
-	auth := Authentication{
-		Providers: map[string]Authenticator{
-			"test": staticAuthenticator{
-				user: User{
-					ID: "alice",
-					Metadata: map[string]string{
-						"role": "admin",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		logger: zap.NewNop(),
-	}
-	req, repl := newRequestWithReplacer()
-	nextCalled := false
-
-	err := auth.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), req, caddyhttp.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error {
-		nextCalled = true
-		return nil
-	}))
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected authentication error")
-	}
-	var handlerErr caddyhttp.HandlerError
-	if !errors.As(err, &handlerErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected HandlerError, got %T", err)
-	}
-	if handlerErr.StatusCode != http.StatusUnauthorized {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status %d, got %d", http.StatusUnauthorized, handlerErr.StatusCode)
-	}
-	if nextCalled {
-		t.Fatal("next handler was called for rejected authentication")
-	}
-
-	assertPlaceholder(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.id", "alice")
-	assertPlaceholder(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.role", "admin")
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.user.id")
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.user.role")
-}
-
-func TestAuthenticationSuccessfulUserSetsUserPlaceholdersOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	auth := Authentication{
-		Providers: map[string]Authenticator{
-			"test": staticAuthenticator{
-				user: User{
-					ID: "alice",
-					Metadata: map[string]string{
-						"role": "admin",
-					},
-				},
-				authed: true,
-			},
-		},
-		logger: zap.NewNop(),
-	}
-	req, repl := newRequestWithReplacer()
-	nextCalled := false
-
-	err := auth.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), req, caddyhttp.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error {
-		nextCalled = true
-		return nil
-	}))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected no authentication error, got %v", err)
-	}
-	if !nextCalled {
-		t.Fatal("next handler was not called for successful authentication")
-	}
-
-	assertPlaceholder(t, repl, "http.auth.user.id", "alice")
-	assertPlaceholder(t, repl, "http.auth.user.role", "admin")
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.id")
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.role")
-}
-
-func TestAuthenticationSuccessfulProviderDoesNotExposeEarlierCandidate(t *testing.T) {
-	auth := Authentication{
-		Providers: map[string]Authenticator{
-			"first": staticAuthenticator{
-				user: User{
-					ID: "rejected",
-					Metadata: map[string]string{
-						"role": "guest",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			"second": staticAuthenticator{
-				user: User{
-					ID: "accepted",
-					Metadata: map[string]string{
-						"role": "admin",
-					},
-				},
-				authed: true,
-			},
-		},
-		logger: zap.NewNop(),
-	}
-	req, repl := newRequestWithReplacer()
-
-	err := auth.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), req, caddyhttp.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error {
-		return nil
-	}))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected no authentication error, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	assertPlaceholder(t, repl, "http.auth.user.id", "accepted")
-	assertPlaceholder(t, repl, "http.auth.user.role", "admin")
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.id")
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.role")
-}
-
-func TestAuthenticationRejectedEmptyUserDoesNotSetCandidatePlaceholders(t *testing.T) {
-	auth := Authentication{
-		Providers: map[string]Authenticator{
-			"test": staticAuthenticator{},
-		},
-		logger: zap.NewNop(),
-	}
-	req, repl := newRequestWithReplacer()
-
-	err := auth.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), req, caddyhttp.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error {
-		t.Fatal("next handler was called for rejected authentication")
-		return nil
-	}))
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected authentication error")
-	}
-
-	assertPlaceholderAbsent(t, repl, "http.auth.candidate.id")
-}
-
-func newRequestWithReplacer() (*http.Request, *caddy.Replacer) {
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-	repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
-	ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, repl)
-	return req.WithContext(ctx), repl
-}
-
-func assertPlaceholder(t *testing.T, repl *caddy.Replacer, key, expected string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	actual, ok := repl.GetString(key)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected placeholder %q to be set", key)
-	}
-	if actual != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("expected placeholder %q to be %q, got %q", key, expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertPlaceholderAbsent(t *testing.T, repl *caddy.Replacer, key string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	if actual, ok := repl.GetString(key); ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected placeholder %q to be absent, got %q", key, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-type staticAuthenticator struct {
-	user   User
-	authed bool
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (a staticAuthenticator) Authenticate(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) (User, bool, error) {
-	return a.user, a.authed, a.err
-}
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func (m *MatchExpression) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		return json.Unmarshal(data, &m.Expr)
 	}
 	// otherwise, it's a full object, so unmarshal it,
-	// using a temp map to avoid infinite recursion
+	// using an temp map to avoid infinite recursion
 	var tmpJson map[string]any
 	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmpJson)
 	*m = MatchExpression{
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func (m *MatchExpression) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	return err
 }

-// Provision sets up m.
+// Provision sets ups m.
 func (m *MatchExpression) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	m.log = ctx.Logger()

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func (cr celHTTPRequest) Value() any  { return cr }

 var pkixNameCELType = cel.ObjectType("pkix.Name", traits.ReceiverType)

-// celPkixName wraps a pkix.Name with
+// celPkixName wraps an pkix.Name with
 // methods to satisfy the ref.Val interface.
 type celPkixName struct{ *pkix.Name }

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			wantResult: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "header matches a placeholder replaced during the header matcher (MatchHeader)",
+			name: "header matches an placeholder replaced during the header matcher (MatchHeader)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `header({'Field': '\{http.request.uri.path}'})`,
 			},
@@ -41,10 +41,7 @@ func parseCaddyfile(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error)
 //
 //	encode [<matcher>] <formats...> {
 //	    gzip           [<level>]
-//	    zstd           [<level>] {
-//	        level           <level>
-//	        disable_checksum
-//	    }
+//	    zstd
 //	    minimum_length <length>
 //	    # response matcher block
 //	    match {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ func (enc *Encode) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyh

 			// to comply with RFC 9110 section 8.8.3(.3), we modify the Etag when encoding
 			// by appending a hyphen and the encoder name; the problem is, the client will
-			// send back that Etag in an If-None-Match header, but upstream handlers that set
+			// send back that Etag in a If-None-Match header, but upstream handlers that set
 			// the Etag in the first place don't know that we appended to their Etag! so here
 			// we have to strip our addition so the upstream handlers can still honor client
 			// caches without knowing about our changes...
@@ -307,6 +307,14 @@ func (rw *responseWriter) FlushError() error {
 	return http.NewResponseController(rw.ResponseWriter).Flush()
 }

+// Flush calls FlushError() and simply discards any error. It is only implemented for backwards
+// compatibility with legacy code that does not use FlushError; we know at least one sponsor
+// needs this. It should not be relied upon as a stable part of the exported API, as it may be
+// removed in the future.
+func (rw *responseWriter) Flush() {
+	_ = rw.FlushError()
+}
+
 // Write writes to the response. If the response qualifies,
 // it is encoded using the encoder, which is initialized
 // if not done so already.
@@ -369,7 +377,7 @@ const sniffLen = 512

 // ReadFrom will try to use sendfile to copy from the reader to the response writer.
 // It's only used if the response writer implements io.ReaderFrom and the data can't be compressed.
-// It's based on the standard library HTTP/1.1 response writer implementation.
+// It's based on stdlin http1.1 response writer implementation.
 // https://github.com/golang/go/blob/f4e3ec3dbe3b8e04a058d266adf8e048bab563f2/src/net/http/server.go#L586
 func (rw *responseWriter) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	rf, ok := rw.ResponseWriter.(io.ReaderFrom)
@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ type Zstd struct {
 	// The compression level. Accepted values: fastest, better, best, default.
 	Level string `json:"level,omitempty"`

-	// Whether to include the optional 4-byte zstd frame checksum trailer.
-	// If unset, the upstream zstd library default is preserved.
-	Checksum *bool `json:"checksum,omitempty"`
-
 	// Compression level refer to type constants value from zstd.SpeedFastest to zstd.SpeedBestCompression
 	level zstd.EncoderLevel
 }
@@ -52,48 +48,19 @@ func (Zstd) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
 // UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the handler from Caddyfile tokens.
 func (z *Zstd) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-	args := d.RemainingArgs()
-	switch len(args) {
-	case 0:
-	case 1:
-		if _, err := parseEncoderLevel(args[0]); err != nil {
-			return d.Err(err.Error())
-		}
-		z.Level = args[0]
-	default:
-		return d.ArgErr()
+	if !d.NextArg() {
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-		switch d.Val() {
-		case "level":
-			args := d.RemainingArgs()
-			if len(args) != 1 {
-				return d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			if z.Level != "" {
-				return d.Err("compression level already specified")
-			}
-			if _, err := parseEncoderLevel(args[0]); err != nil {
-				return d.Err(err.Error())
-			}
-			z.Level = args[0]
-
-		case "disable_checksum":
-			if d.NextArg() {
-				return d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			if z.Checksum != nil {
-				return d.Err("checksum already specified")
-			}
-			disabled := false
-			z.Checksum = &disabled
-
-		default:
-			return d.Errf("unknown subdirective '%s'", d.Val())
-		}
+	levelStr := d.Val()
+	if ok, _ := zstd.EncoderLevelFromString(levelStr); !ok {
+		return d.Errf("unexpected compression level, use one of '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'",
+			zstd.SpeedFastest,
+			zstd.SpeedBetterCompression,
+			zstd.SpeedBestCompression,
+			zstd.SpeedDefault,
+		)
 	}
-
+	z.Level = levelStr
 	return nil
 }

@@ -102,11 +69,15 @@ func (z *Zstd) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if z.Level == "" {
 		z.Level = zstd.SpeedDefault.String()
 	}
-	level, err := parseEncoderLevel(z.Level)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	var ok bool
+	if ok, z.level = zstd.EncoderLevelFromString(z.Level); !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected compression level, use one of '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'",
+			zstd.SpeedFastest,
+			zstd.SpeedDefault,
+			zstd.SpeedBetterCompression,
+			zstd.SpeedBestCompression,
+		)
 	}
-	z.level = level
 	return nil
 }

@@ -119,45 +90,14 @@ func (z Zstd) NewEncoder() encode.Encoder {
 	// The default of 8MB for the window is
 	// too large for many clients, so we limit
 	// it to 128K to lighten their load.
-	writer, _ := zstd.NewWriter(nil, z.writerOptions(128<<10)...)
-	return writer
-}
-
-func (z Zstd) writerOptions(windowSize int) []zstd.EOption {
-	opts := []zstd.EOption{
-		zstd.WithWindowSize(windowSize),
+	writer, _ := zstd.NewWriter(
+		nil,
+		zstd.WithWindowSize(128<<10),
 		zstd.WithEncoderConcurrency(1),
 		zstd.WithZeroFrames(true),
-		zstd.WithEncoderLevel(z.encoderLevel()),
-	}
-	if z.Checksum != nil {
-		opts = append(opts, zstd.WithEncoderCRC(*z.Checksum))
-	}
-	return opts
-}
-
-func (z Zstd) encoderLevel() zstd.EncoderLevel {
-	if z.level != 0 {
-		return z.level
-	}
-	if z.Level != "" {
-		if level, err := parseEncoderLevel(z.Level); err == nil {
-			return level
-		}
-	}
-	return zstd.SpeedDefault
-}
-
-func parseEncoderLevel(level string) (zstd.EncoderLevel, error) {
-	if ok, encLevel := zstd.EncoderLevelFromString(level); ok {
-		return encLevel, nil
-	}
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected compression level, use one of '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'",
-		zstd.SpeedFastest,
-		zstd.SpeedBetterCompression,
-		zstd.SpeedBestCompression,
-		zstd.SpeedDefault,
+		zstd.WithEncoderLevel(z.level),
 	)
+	return writer
 }

 // Interface guards
@@ -281,13 +281,7 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) browseApplyQueryParams(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 			sortParam = sortCookie.Value
 		}
 	case sortByName, sortByNameDirFirst, sortBySize, sortByTime:
-		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{ //nolint:gosec // Secure depends on whether the request itself used TLS
-			Name:     "sort",
-			Value:    sortParam,
-			Secure:   r.TLS != nil,
-			HttpOnly: true,
-			SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
-		})
+		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{Name: "sort", Value: sortParam, Secure: r.TLS != nil})
 	}

 	// then figure out the order
@@ -298,13 +292,7 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) browseApplyQueryParams(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 			orderParam = orderCookie.Value
 		}
 	case sortOrderAsc, sortOrderDesc:
-		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{ //nolint:gosec // Secure depends on whether the request itself used TLS
-			Name:     "order",
-			Value:    orderParam,
-			Secure:   r.TLS != nil,
-			HttpOnly: true,
-			SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
-		})
+		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{Name: "order", Value: orderParam, Secure: r.TLS != nil})
 	}

 	// finally, apply the sorting and limiting
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) directoryListing(ctx context.Context, fileSystem fs.FS,
 			}

 			if fsrv.Browse.RevealSymlinks {
-				symLinkTarget, err := os.Readlink(path)
+				symLinkTarget, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(path)
 				if err == nil {
 					symlinkPath = symLinkTarget
 				}
@@ -720,7 +720,6 @@ var globSafeRepl = strings.NewReplacer(
 	"*", "\\*",
 	"[", "\\[",
 	"?", "\\?",
-	"\\", "\\\\",
 )

 const (
@@ -20,24 +20,14 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal/filesystems"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp/rewrite"
 )

-type testCase struct {
-	path         string
-	expectedPath string
-	expectedType string
-	matched      bool
-}
-
 func TestFileMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 	// Windows doesn't like colons in files names
 	isWindows := runtime.GOOS == "windows"
@@ -55,7 +45,12 @@ func TestFileMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 		f.Close()
 	}

-	for i, tc := range []testCase{
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		path         string
+		expectedPath string
+		expectedType string
+		matched      bool
+	}{
 		{
 			path:         "/foo.txt",
 			expectedPath: "/foo.txt",
@@ -121,170 +116,44 @@ func TestFileMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 			matched:      !isWindows,
 		},
 	} {
-		fileMatcherTest(t, i, tc)
-	}
-}
+		m := &MatchFile{
+			fsmap:    &filesystems.FileSystemMap{},
+			Root:     "./testdata",
+			TryFiles: []string{"{http.request.uri.path}", "{http.request.uri.path}/"},
+		}

-func TestFileMatcherNonWindows(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		return
-	}
+		u, err := url.Parse(tc.path)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: parsing path: %v", i, err)
+		}

-	// this is impossible to test on Windows, but tests a security patch for other platforms
-	tc := testCase{
-		path:         "/foodir/secr%5Cet.txt",
-		expectedPath: "/foodir/secr\\et.txt",
-		expectedType: "file",
-		matched:      true,
-	}
+		req := &http.Request{URL: u}
+		repl := caddyhttp.NewTestReplacer(req)

-	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join("testdata", strings.TrimPrefix(tc.expectedPath, "/")))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("could not create test file: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
+		result, err := m.MatchWithError(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: unexpected error: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if result != tc.matched {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: expected match=%t, got %t", i, tc.matched, result)
+		}

-	fileMatcherTest(t, 0, tc)
-}
+		rel, ok := repl.Get("http.matchers.file.relative")
+		if !ok && result {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: expected replacer value", i)
+		}
+		if !result {
+			continue
+		}

-func fileMatcherTest(t *testing.T, i int, tc testCase) {
-	m := &MatchFile{
-		fsmap:    &filesystems.FileSystemMap{},
-		Root:     "./testdata",
-		TryFiles: []string{"{http.request.uri.path}", "{http.request.uri.path}/"},
-	}
+		if rel != tc.expectedPath {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: actual path: %v, expected: %v", i, rel, tc.expectedPath)
+		}

-	u, err := url.Parse(tc.path)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Test %d: parsing path: %v", i, err)
-	}
-
-	req := &http.Request{URL: u}
-	repl := caddyhttp.NewTestReplacer(req)
-
-	result, err := m.MatchWithError(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Test %d: unexpected error: %v", i, err)
-	}
-	if result != tc.matched {
-		t.Errorf("Test %d: expected match=%t, got %t", i, tc.matched, result)
-	}
-
-	rel, ok := repl.Get("http.matchers.file.relative")
-	if !ok && result {
-		t.Errorf("Test %d: expected replacer value", i)
-	}
-	if !result {
-		return
-	}
-
-	if rel != tc.expectedPath {
-		t.Errorf("Test %d: actual path: %v, expected: %v", i, rel, tc.expectedPath)
-	}
-
-	fileType, _ := repl.Get("http.matchers.file.type")
-	if fileType != tc.expectedType {
-		t.Errorf("Test %d: actual file type: %v, expected: %v", i, fileType, tc.expectedType)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTryFilesRewriteEscapesMatchedPath(t *testing.T) {
-	root := t.TempDir()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		requestTarget  string
-		filename       string
-		extraFiles     []string
-		wantPath       string
-		wantRequestURI string
-		skipWindows    bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:           "question mark in path",
-			requestTarget:  "/%3F.html",
-			filename:       "?.html",
-			wantPath:       "/?.html",
-			wantRequestURI: "/%3F.html",
-			skipWindows:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "percent in path",
-			requestTarget:  "/%25.html",
-			filename:       "%.html",
-			wantPath:       "/%.html",
-			wantRequestURI: "/%25.html",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "encoded question mark remains percent-encoded",
-			requestTarget:  "/%253F.html",
-			filename:       "%3F.html",
-			wantPath:       "/%3F.html",
-			wantRequestURI: "/%253F.html",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "question mark in nested path",
-			requestTarget:  "/nested/%3F.html",
-			filename:       filepath.Join("nested", "?.html"),
-			wantPath:       "/nested/?.html",
-			wantRequestURI: "/nested/%3F.html",
-			skipWindows:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "encoded slash in filename does not conflict with nesting",
-			requestTarget:  "/nested%252Ffile.html",
-			filename:       "nested%2Ffile.html",
-			extraFiles:     []string{filepath.Join("nested", "file.html")},
-			wantPath:       "/nested%2Ffile.html",
-			wantRequestURI: "/nested%252Ffile.html",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if tc.skipWindows && runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-				t.Skip("Windows file names cannot contain question marks")
-			}
-
-			for _, name := range append([]string{tc.filename}, tc.extraFiles...) {
-				filename := filepath.Join(root, name)
-				if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(filename), 0o700); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("creating test file parent directory: %v", err)
-				}
-				if err := os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(name), 0o600); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("writing test file: %v", err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			m := &MatchFile{
-				fsmap:    &filesystems.FileSystemMap{},
-				Root:     root,
-				TryFiles: []string{"{http.request.uri.path}"},
-			}
-			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com"+tc.requestTarget, nil)
-			repl := caddyhttp.NewTestReplacer(req)
-
-			matched, err := m.MatchWithError(req)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("matching file: %v", err)
-			}
-			if !matched {
-				t.Fatalf("expected request %s to match %s", tc.requestTarget, tc.filename)
-			}
-
-			rewrite.Rewrite{URI: "{http.matchers.file.relative}"}.Rewrite(req, repl)
-
-			if req.URL.Path != tc.wantPath {
-				t.Errorf("rewritten path = %q, want %q", req.URL.Path, tc.wantPath)
-			}
-			if req.RequestURI != tc.wantRequestURI {
-				t.Errorf("rewritten request URI = %q, want %q", req.RequestURI, tc.wantRequestURI)
-			}
-			if req.URL.RawQuery != "" {
-				t.Errorf("rewritten raw query = %q, want empty", req.URL.RawQuery)
-			}
-		})
+		fileType, _ := repl.Get("http.matchers.file.type")
+		if fileType != tc.expectedType {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d: actual file type: %v, expected: %v", i, fileType, tc.expectedType)
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"time"

 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
@@ -124,13 +123,8 @@ type FileServer struct {
 	// put "hidden" in the list. To hide only ./hidden, put "./hidden" in the list.
 	//
 	// When possible, all paths are resolved to their absolute form before
-	// comparisons are made. For maximum clarity and explicitness, use complete,
+	// comparisons are made. For maximum clarity and explictness, use complete,
 	// absolute paths; or, for greater portability, use relative paths instead.
-	//
-	// Note that hide comparisons are case-sensitive. On case-insensitive
-	// filesystems, requests with different path casing may still resolve to the
-	// same file or directory on disk, so hide should not be treated as a
-	// security boundary for sensitive paths.
 	Hide []string `json:"hide,omitempty"`

 	// The names of files to try as index files if a folder is requested.
@@ -580,17 +574,7 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 	// that errors generated by ServeContent are written immediately
 	// to the response, so we cannot handle them (but errors there
 	// are rare)
-	//
-	// There are a few file modification times that aren't useful
-	// to send in Last-Modified headers, but the golang http library only
-	// omits Last-Modified headers for the Unix epoch time. So, force
-	// the modification time to the epoch time if it's not useful.
-	zeroTime := time.Time{}
-	modTime := info.ModTime()
-	if !usefulModTime(modTime) {
-		modTime = zeroTime
-	}
-	http.ServeContent(w, r, info.Name(), modTime, file.(io.ReadSeeker))
+	http.ServeContent(w, r, info.Name(), info.ModTime(), file.(io.ReadSeeker))

 	return nil
 }
@@ -737,14 +721,6 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) notFound(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next ca
 	return caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusNotFound, nil)
 }

-// Indicates whether a file's modification time is useful for validator
-// generation purposes (i.e. inclusion in ETag and Last-Modified headers).
-// See issues #5548 and #7730.
-func usefulModTime(modTime time.Time) bool {
-	mtimeunix := modTime.Unix()
-	return mtimeunix != 0 && mtimeunix != 1
-}
-
 // calculateEtag computes an entity tag using a strong validator
 // without consuming the contents of the file. It requires the
 // file info contain the correct size and modification time.
@@ -762,8 +738,8 @@ func usefulModTime(modTime time.Time) bool {
 // which we consider precise enough to qualify as a strong validator.
 func calculateEtag(d os.FileInfo) string {
 	mtime := d.ModTime()
-	if !usefulModTime(mtime) {
-		return ""
+	if mtimeUnix := mtime.Unix(); mtimeUnix == 0 || mtimeUnix == 1 {
+		return "" // not useful anyway; see issue #5548
 	}
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	sb.WriteRune('"')
@@ -804,7 +780,7 @@ func redirect(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, toPath string) error {
 	if r.URL.RawQuery != "" {
 		toPath += "?" + r.URL.RawQuery
 	}
-	http.Redirect(w, r, toPath, http.StatusPermanentRedirect) //nolint:gosec // toPath is a same-origin path and leading // is stripped above
+	http.Redirect(w, r, toPath, http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 	return nil
 }

@@ -15,17 +15,10 @@
 package fileserver

 import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )

 func TestFileHidden(t *testing.T) {
@@ -135,52 +128,3 @@ func TestFileHidden(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-// Check to make sure that we don't serve ETag and Last-Modified headers
-// for files with invalid modification times
-func TestModTimeHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	check_validator_headers(time.Now(), true, t)
-	check_validator_headers(time.Unix(0, 0), false, t)
-	check_validator_headers(time.Unix(1, 0), false, t)
-	check_validator_headers(time.Unix(2, 0), true, t)
-}
-
-func check_validator_headers(modTime time.Time, expect_headers bool, t *testing.T) {
-	f := false
-	fsrv := FileServer{
-		Root:          "./testdata",
-		CanonicalURIs: &f,
-	}
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/modtime.txt", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
-	ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, repl)
-	r = r.WithContext(ctx)
-
-	ctx2, _ := caddy.NewContext(caddy.Context{Context: context.Background()}) // module will be nil by default
-	fsrv.Provision(ctx2)
-
-	path := "testdata/modtime.txt"
-	os.Chtimes(path, modTime, modTime)
-
-	fsrv.ServeHTTP(w, r, nil)
-
-	if expect_headers {
-		if w.Header().Get("ETag") == "" {
-			t.Errorf("Didn't get ETag header for file with valid mod time %s", modTime)
-		}
-		if w.Header().Get("Last-Modified") == "" {
-			t.Errorf("Didn't get Last-Modified header for file with valid mod time %s", modTime)
-		}
-	} else {
-		if w.Header().Get("ETag") != "" {
-			t.Errorf("Got ETag header for file with invalid mod time %s", modTime)
-		}
-		if w.Header().Get("Last-Modified") != "" {
-			t.Errorf("Got Last-Modified header for file with invalid mod time %s", modTime)
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More