caddyhttp: Don't append port 0 (fix #7450)

By request of a sponsor

.editorconfig

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [*]
 end_of_line = lf
 
-[caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/*.txt]
+[caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/*.caddyfiletest]
 indent_style = tab

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Other menu items:
 
 You can have a huge impact on the project by helping with its code. To contribute code to Caddy, first submit or comment in an issue to discuss your contribution, then open a [pull request](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pulls) (PR). If you're new to our community, that's okay: **we gladly welcome pull requests from anyone, regardless of your native language or coding experience.** You can get familiar with Caddy's code base by using [code search at Sourcegraph](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy).
 
-We hold contributions to a high standard for quality :bowtie:, so don't be surprised if we ask for revisions—even if it seems small or insignificant. Please don't take it personally. :blue_heart: If your change is on the right track, we can guide you to make it mergable.
+We hold contributions to a high standard for quality :bowtie:, so don't be surprised if we ask for revisions—even if it seems small or insignificant. Please don't take it personally. :blue_heart: If your change is on the right track, we can guide you to make it mergeable.
 
 Here are some of the expectations we have of contributors:
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/ISSUE.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Issue
+description: An actionable development item, like a bug report or feature request
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thank you for opening an issue! This is for actionable development items like bug reports and feature requests.
+        If you have a question about using Caddy, please [post on our forums](https://caddy.community) instead.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: content
+    attributes:
+      label: Issue Details
+      placeholder: Describe the issue here. Be specific by providing complete logs and minimal instructions to reproduce, or a thoughtful proposal, etc.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: assistance-disclosure
+    attributes:
+      label: Assistance Disclosure
+      description: "Our project allows assistance by AI/LLM tools as long as it is disclosed and described so we can better respond. Please certify whether you have used any such tooling related to this issue:"
+      options:
+        - 
+        - AI used
+        - AI not used
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: assistance-description
+    attributes:
+      label: If AI was used, describe the extent to which it was used.
+      description: 'Examples: "ChatGPT translated from my native language" or "Claude proposed this change/feature"'

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: Caddy forum
+    url: https://caddy.community
+    about: If you have questions (or answers!) about using Caddy, please use our forum

.github/SECURITY.md

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ The Caddy project would like to make sure that it stays on top of all practicall
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-| Version | Supported          |
-| ------- | ------------------ |
-| 2.x     | ✔️ |
-| 1.x     | :x:                |
-| < 1.x   | :x:                |
+| Version  | Supported |
+| -------- | ----------|
+| 2.latest | ✔️        |
+| 1.x      | :x:       |
+| < 1.x    | :x:       |
 
 
 ## Acceptable Scope
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ We consider publicly-registered domain names to be public information. This nece
 
 It will speed things up if you suggest a working patch, such as a code diff, and explain why and how it works. Reports that are not actionable, do not contain enough information, are too pushy/demanding, or are not able to convince us that it is a viable and practical attack on the web server itself may be deferred to a later time or possibly ignored, depending on available resources. Priority will be given to credible, responsible reports that are constructive, specific, and actionable. (We get a lot of invalid reports.) Thank you for understanding.
 
-When you are ready, please email Matt Holt (the author) directly: matt at dyanim dot com.
+When you are ready, please submit a [new private vulnerability report](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/advisories/new).
 
-Please don't encrypt the email body. It only makes the process more complicated.
+Please don't encrypt the message. It only makes the process more complicated.
 
 Please also understand that due to our nature as an open source project, we do not have a budget to award security bounties. We can only thank you.
 

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -3,5 +3,20 @@ version: 2
 updates:
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
     directory: "/"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 1
+    groups:
+      actions-deps:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"
+    
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 1
+    groups:
+      all-updates:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
     schedule:
       interval: "monthly"

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+
+
+## Assistance Disclosure
+<!--
+Thank you for contributing! Please note:
+
+The use of AI/LLM tools is allowed so long as it is disclosed, so
+that we can provide better code review and maintain project quality.
+
+If you used AI/LLM tooling in any way related to this PR, please
+let us know to what extent it was utilized.
+
+Examples:
+
+"No AI was used."
+"I wrote the code, but Claude generated the tests."
+"I consulted ChatGPT for a solution, but I authored/coded it myself."
+"Cody generated the code, and I verified it is correct."
+"Copilot provided tab completion for code and comments."
+
+We expect that you have vetted your contributions for correctness.
+Additionally, signing our CLA certifies that you have the rights to
+contribute this change.
+
+Replace the text below with your disclosure:
+-->
+
+_This PR is missing an assistance disclosure._

.github/workflows/ai.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: AI Moderator
+permissions: read-all
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created]
+  pull_request_review_comment:
+    types: [created]
+jobs:
+  spam-detection:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+      models: read
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8
+      - uses: github/ai-moderator@6bcdb2a79c2e564db8d76d7d4439d91a044c4eb6
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          spam-label: 'spam'
+          ai-label: 'ai-generated'
+          minimize-detected-comments: true
+          # Built-in prompt configuration (all enabled by default)
+          enable-spam-detection: true
+          enable-link-spam-detection: true
+          enable-ai-detection: true
+          # custom-prompt-path: '.github/prompts/my-custom.prompt.yml'  # Optional

.github/workflows/auto-release-pr.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+name: Release Proposal Approval Tracker
+
+on:
+  pull_request_review:
+    types: [submitted, dismissed]
+  pull_request:
+    types: [labeled, unlabeled, synchronize, closed]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  check-approvals:
+    name: Track Maintainer Approvals
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Only run on PRs with release-proposal label
+    if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'release-proposal') && github.event.pull_request.state == 'open'
+    
+    steps:
+      - name: Check approvals and update PR
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        env:
+          MAINTAINER_LOGINS: ${{ secrets.MAINTAINER_LOGINS }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+            
+            // Extract version from PR title (e.g., "Release Proposal: v1.2.3")
+            const versionMatch = pr.title.match(/Release Proposal:\s*(v[\d.]+(?:-[\w.]+)?)/);
+            const commitMatch = pr.body.match(/\*\*Target Commit:\*\*\s*`([a-f0-9]+)`/);
+            
+            if (!versionMatch || !commitMatch) {
+              console.log('Could not extract version from title or commit from body');
+              return;
+            }
+            
+            const version = versionMatch[1];
+            const targetCommit = commitMatch[1];
+            
+            console.log(`Version: ${version}, Target Commit: ${targetCommit}`);
+            
+            // Get all reviews
+            const reviews = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              pull_number: pr.number
+            });
+            
+            // Get list of maintainers
+            const maintainerLoginsRaw = process.env.MAINTAINER_LOGINS || '';
+            const maintainerLogins = maintainerLoginsRaw
+              .split(/[,;]/)
+              .map(login => login.trim())
+              .filter(login => login.length > 0);
+            
+            console.log(`Maintainer logins: ${maintainerLogins.join(', ')}`);
+            
+            // Get the latest review from each user
+            const latestReviewsByUser = {};
+            reviews.data.forEach(review => {
+              const username = review.user.login;
+              if (!latestReviewsByUser[username] || new Date(review.submitted_at) > new Date(latestReviewsByUser[username].submitted_at)) {
+                latestReviewsByUser[username] = review;
+              }
+            });
+            
+            // Count approvals from maintainers
+            const maintainerApprovals = Object.entries(latestReviewsByUser)
+              .filter(([username, review]) => 
+                maintainerLogins.includes(username) && 
+                review.state === 'APPROVED'
+              )
+              .map(([username, review]) => username);
+            
+            const approvalCount = maintainerApprovals.length;
+            console.log(`Found ${approvalCount} maintainer approvals from: ${maintainerApprovals.join(', ')}`);
+            
+            // Get current labels
+            const currentLabels = pr.labels.map(label => label.name);
+            const hasApprovedLabel = currentLabels.includes('approved');
+            const hasAwaitingApprovalLabel = currentLabels.includes('awaiting-approval');
+            
+            if (approvalCount >= 2 && !hasApprovedLabel) {
+              console.log('✅ Quorum reached! Updating PR...');
+              
+              // Remove awaiting-approval label if present
+              if (hasAwaitingApprovalLabel) {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  issue_number: pr.number,
+                  name: 'awaiting-approval'
+                }).catch(e => console.log('Label not found:', e.message));
+              }
+              
+              // Add approved label
+              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: pr.number,
+                labels: ['approved']
+              });
+              
+              // Add comment with tagging instructions
+              const approversList = maintainerApprovals.map(u => `@${u}`).join(', ');
+              const commentBody = [
+                '## ✅ Approval Quorum Reached',
+                '',
+                `This release proposal has been approved by ${approvalCount} maintainers: ${approversList}`,
+                '',
+                '### Tagging Instructions',
+                '',
+                'A maintainer should now create and push the signed tag:',
+                '',
+                '```bash',
+                `git checkout ${targetCommit}`,
+                `git tag -s ${version} -m "Release ${version}"`,
+                `git push origin ${version}`,
+                `git checkout -`,
+                '```',
+                '',
+                'The release workflow will automatically start when the tag is pushed.'
+              ].join('\n');
+              
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: pr.number,
+                body: commentBody
+              });
+              
+              console.log('Posted tagging instructions');
+            } else if (approvalCount < 2 && hasApprovedLabel) {
+              console.log('⚠️  Approval count dropped below quorum, removing approved label');
+              
+              // Remove approved label
+              await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: pr.number,
+                name: 'approved'
+              }).catch(e => console.log('Label not found:', e.message));
+              
+              // Add awaiting-approval label
+              if (!hasAwaitingApprovalLabel) {
+                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  issue_number: pr.number,
+                  labels: ['awaiting-approval']
+                });
+              }
+            } else {
+              console.log(`⏳ Waiting for more approvals (${approvalCount}/2 required)`);
+            }
+
+  handle-pr-closed:
+    name: Handle PR Closed Without Tag
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: |
+      contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'release-proposal') &&
+      github.event.action == 'closed' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'released')
+    
+    steps:
+      - name: Add cancelled label and comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+            
+            // Check if the release-in-progress label is present
+            const hasReleaseInProgress = pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-in-progress');
+            
+            if (hasReleaseInProgress) {
+              // PR was closed while release was in progress - this is unusual
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: pr.number,
+                body: '⚠️ **Warning:** This PR was closed while a release was in progress. This may indicate an error. Please verify the release status.'
+              });
+            } else {
+              // PR was closed before tag was created - this is normal cancellation
+              const versionMatch = pr.title.match(/Release Proposal:\s*(v[\d.]+(?:-[\w.]+)?)/);
+              const version = versionMatch ? versionMatch[1] : 'unknown';
+              
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: pr.number,
+                body: `## 🚫 Release Proposal Cancelled\n\nThis release proposal for ${version} was closed without creating the tag.\n\nIf you want to proceed with this release later, you can create a new release proposal.`
+              });
+            }
+            
+            // Add cancelled label
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: pr.number,
+              labels: ['cancelled']
+            });
+            
+            // Remove other workflow labels if present
+            const labelsToRemove = ['awaiting-approval', 'approved', 'release-in-progress'];
+            for (const label of labelsToRemove) {
+              try {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  issue_number: pr.number,
+                  name: label
+                });
+              } catch (e) {
+                console.log(`Label ${label} not found or already removed`);
+              }
+            }
+            
+            console.log('Added cancelled label and cleaned up workflow labels');
+            

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -12,52 +12,68 @@ on:
       - master
       - 2.*
 
+env:
+  GOFLAGS: '-tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx'
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   test:
     strategy:
       # Default is true, cancels jobs for other platforms in the matrix if one fails
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: 
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macos-latest
-          - windows-latest
-        go: 
-          - '1.20'
-          - '1.21'
+        os:
+          - linux
+          - mac
+          - windows
+        go:
+          - '1.25'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.20'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.20.6'
-
-        - go: '1.21'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.21.0'
+        - go: '1.25'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.25.0'
 
         # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
+        # OS_LABEL: the VM label from GitHub Actions (see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners#standard-github-hosted-runners-for-public-repositories)
         # CADDY_BIN_PATH: the path to the compiled Caddy binary, for artifact publishing
         # SUCCESS: the typical value for $? per OS (Windows/pwsh returns 'True')
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
+        - os: linux
+          OS_LABEL: ubuntu-latest
           CADDY_BIN_PATH: ./cmd/caddy/caddy
           SUCCESS: 0
 
-        - os: macos-latest
+        - os: mac
+          OS_LABEL: macos-14
           CADDY_BIN_PATH: ./cmd/caddy/caddy
           SUCCESS: 0
 
-        - os: windows-latest
+        - os: windows
+          OS_LABEL: windows-latest
           CADDY_BIN_PATH: ./cmd/caddy/caddy.exe
           SUCCESS: 'True'
 
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.OS_LABEL }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
+      actions: write # to allow uploading artifacts and cache
     steps:
+    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+      with:
+        egress-policy: audit
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
       with:
         go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
         check-latest: true
@@ -97,11 +113,18 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         go build -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
 
+    - name: Smoke test Caddy
+      working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
+      run: |
+        ./caddy start
+        ./caddy stop
+
     - name: Publish Build Artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
       with:
         name: caddy_${{ runner.os }}_go${{ matrix.go }}_${{ steps.vars.outputs.short_sha }}
         path: ${{ matrix.CADDY_BIN_PATH }}
+        compression-level: 0
 
     # Commented bits below were useful to allow the job to continue
     # even if the tests fail, so we can publish the report separately
@@ -124,33 +147,65 @@ jobs:
 
     # To return the correct result even though we set 'continue-on-error: true'
     # - name: Coerce correct build result
-    #   if: matrix.os != 'windows-latest' && steps.step_test.outputs.status != ${{ matrix.SUCCESS }}
+    #   if: matrix.os != 'windows' && steps.step_test.outputs.status != ${{ matrix.SUCCESS }}
     #   run: |
     #     echo "step_test ${{ steps.step_test.outputs.status }}\n"
     #     exit 1
 
   s390x-test:
     name: test (s390x on IBM Z)
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
     continue-on-error: true  # August 2020: s390x VM is down due to weather and power issues
     steps:
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+          allowed-endpoints: ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:22
+
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Run Tests
         run: |
+          set +e
           mkdir -p ~/.ssh && echo -e "${SSH_KEY//_/\\n}" > ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa && chmod og-rwx ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
 
           # short sha is enough?
           short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 
+          # To shorten the following lines
+          ssh_opts="-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
+          ssh_host="$CI_USER@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com"
+
           # The environment is fresh, so there's no point in keeping accepting and adding the key.
-          rsync -arz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -t "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "cd /var/tmp/$short_sha; go version; go env; printf "\n\n";CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -v ./..."
+          rsync -arz -e "ssh $ssh_opts" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$ssh_host":/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
+          ssh $ssh_opts -t "$ssh_host" bash <<EOF
+          cd /var/tmp/$short_sha
+          go version
+          go env
+          printf "\n\n"
+          retries=3
+          exit_code=0
+          while ((retries > 0)); do
+            CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -p 1 -v ./...
+            exit_code=$?
+            if ((exit_code == 0)); then
+              break
+            fi
+            echo "\n\nTest failed: \$exit_code, retrying..."
+            ((retries--))
+          done
+          echo "Remote exit code: \$exit_code"
+          exit \$exit_code
+          EOF
           test_result=$?
 
           # There's no need leaving the files around
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
+          ssh $ssh_opts "$ssh_host" "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
 
           echo "Test exit code: $test_result"
           exit $test_result
@@ -160,13 +215,35 @@ jobs:
 
   goreleaser-check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'caddyserver/caddy' && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
     steps:
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       
-      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v5
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6.4.0
         with:
           version: latest
           args: check
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          go-version: "~1.25"
+          check-latest: true
+      - name: Install xcaddy
+        run: |
+          go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
+          xcaddy version
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          version: latest
+          args: build --single-target --snapshot
         env:
-          TAG: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}

.github/workflows/cross-build.yml

@@ -10,40 +10,56 @@ on:
       - master
       - 2.*
 
+env:
+  GOFLAGS: '-tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx'
+  CGO_ENABLED: '0'
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
-  cross-build-test:
+  build:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        goos: 
-          - 'android'
+        goos:
+          - 'aix'
           - 'linux'
           - 'solaris'
           - 'illumos'
           - 'dragonfly'
           - 'freebsd'
           - 'openbsd'
-          - 'plan9'
           - 'windows'
           - 'darwin'
           - 'netbsd'
-        go: 
-          - '1.21'
+        go:
+          - '1.25'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.21'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.21.0'
+        - go: '1.25'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.25.0'
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
           check-latest: true
@@ -60,14 +76,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run Build
         env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: 0
           GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
+          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goos == 'aix' && 'ppc64' || 'amd64' }}
         shell: bash
         continue-on-error: true
         working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
-        run: |
-          GOOS=$GOOS go build -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-amd64 2> /dev/null
-          if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-            echo "::warning ::$GOOS Build Failed"
-            exit 0
-          fi
+        run: go build -trimpath -o caddy-"$GOOS"-$GOARCH 2> /dev/null

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+env:
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
 jobs:
   # From https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action
   golangci:
@@ -23,27 +27,38 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macos-latest
-          - windows-latest
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+          - linux
+          - mac
+          - windows
+
+        include:
+        - os: linux
+          OS_LABEL: ubuntu-latest
+
+        - os: mac
+          OS_LABEL: macos-14
+
+        - os: windows
+          OS_LABEL: windows-latest
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.OS_LABEL }}
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
         with:
-          go-version: '~1.21.0'
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          go-version: '~1.25'
           check-latest: true
 
-          # Workaround for https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/issues/135
-          skip-pkg-cache: true
-
       - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
         with:
-          version: v1.54
-
-          # Workaround for https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/issues/135
-          skip-pkg-cache: true
+          version: latest
 
           # Windows times out frequently after about 5m50s if we don't set a longer timeout.
           args: --timeout 10m
@@ -52,10 +67,39 @@ jobs:
           # only-new-issues: true
 
   govulncheck:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: govulncheck
-        uses: golang/govulncheck-action@v1
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
         with:
-          go-version-input: '~1.21.0'
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - name: govulncheck
+        uses: golang/govulncheck-action@b625fbe08f3bccbe446d94fbf87fcc875a4f50ee # v1.0.4
+        with:
+          go-version-input: '~1.25.0'
           check-latest: true
+  
+  dependency-review:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - name: 'Checkout Repository'
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - name: 'Dependency Review'
+        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@56339e523c0409420f6c2c9a2f4292bbb3c07dd3 # v4.8.0
+        with:
+          comment-summary-in-pr: on-failure
+          # https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action/issues/430#issuecomment-1468975566
+          base-ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || 'master' }}
+          head-ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.ref }}

.github/workflows/release-proposal.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+name: Release Proposal
+
+# This workflow creates a release proposal as a PR that requires approval from maintainers
+# Triggered manually by maintainers when ready to prepare a release
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Version to release (e.g., v2.8.0)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      commit_hash:
+        description: 'Commit hash to release from'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  create-proposal:
+    name: Create Release Proposal
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+    
+    steps:
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Trim and validate inputs
+        id: inputs
+        run: |
+          # Trim whitespace from inputs
+          VERSION=$(echo "${{ inputs.version }}" | xargs)
+          COMMIT_HASH=$(echo "${{ inputs.commit_hash }}" | xargs)
+          
+          echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "commit_hash=$COMMIT_HASH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          
+          # Validate version format
+          if [[ ! "$VERSION" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.]+)?$ ]]; then
+            echo "Error: Version must follow semver format (e.g., v2.8.0 or v2.8.0-beta.1)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          
+          # Validate commit hash format
+          if [[ ! "$COMMIT_HASH" =~ ^[a-f0-9]{7,40}$ ]]; then
+            echo "Error: Commit hash must be a valid SHA (7-40 characters)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          
+          # Check if commit exists
+          if ! git cat-file -e "$COMMIT_HASH"; then
+            echo "Error: Commit $COMMIT_HASH does not exist"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Check if tag already exists
+        run: |
+          if git rev-parse "${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "Error: Tag ${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }} already exists"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Check for existing proposal PR
+        id: check_existing
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const version = '${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}';
+            
+            // Search for existing open PRs with release-proposal label that match this version
+            const openPRs = await github.rest.pulls.list({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              state: 'open',
+              sort: 'updated',
+              direction: 'desc'
+            });
+            
+            const existingOpenPR = openPRs.data.find(pr => 
+              pr.title.includes(version) && 
+              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-proposal')
+            );
+            
+            if (existingOpenPR) {
+              const hasReleased = existingOpenPR.labels.some(label => label.name === 'released');
+              const hasReleaseInProgress = existingOpenPR.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-in-progress');
+              
+              if (hasReleased || hasReleaseInProgress) {
+                core.setFailed(`A release for ${version} is already in progress or completed: ${existingOpenPR.html_url}`);
+              } else {
+                core.setFailed(`An open release proposal already exists for ${version}: ${existingOpenPR.html_url}\n\nPlease use the existing PR or close it first.`);
+              }
+              return;
+            }
+            
+            // Check for closed PRs with this version that were cancelled
+            const closedPRs = await github.rest.pulls.list({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              state: 'closed',
+              sort: 'updated',
+              direction: 'desc'
+            });
+            
+            const cancelledPR = closedPRs.data.find(pr => 
+              pr.title.includes(version) && 
+              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-proposal') &&
+              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'cancelled')
+            );
+            
+            if (cancelledPR) {
+              console.log(`Found previously cancelled proposal for ${version}: ${cancelledPR.html_url}`);
+              console.log('Creating new proposal to replace cancelled one...');
+            } else {
+              console.log(`No existing proposal found for ${version}, proceeding...`);
+            }
+
+      - name: Generate changelog and create branch
+        id: setup
+        run: |
+          VERSION="${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}"
+          COMMIT_HASH="${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}"
+          
+          # Create a new branch for the release proposal
+          BRANCH_NAME="release_proposal-$VERSION"
+          git checkout -b "$BRANCH_NAME"
+          
+          # Calculate how many commits behind HEAD
+          COMMITS_BEHIND=$(git rev-list --count ${COMMIT_HASH}..HEAD)
+          
+          if [ "$COMMITS_BEHIND" -eq 0 ]; then
+            BEHIND_INFO="This is the latest commit (HEAD)"
+          else
+            BEHIND_INFO="This commit is **${COMMITS_BEHIND} commits behind HEAD**"
+          fi
+          
+          echo "commits_behind=$COMMITS_BEHIND" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "behind_info=$BEHIND_INFO" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          
+          # Get the last tag
+          LAST_TAG=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+          
+          if [ -z "$LAST_TAG" ]; then
+            echo "No previous tag found, generating full changelog"
+            COMMITS=$(git log --pretty=format:"- %s (%h)" --reverse "$COMMIT_HASH")
+          else
+            echo "Generating changelog since $LAST_TAG"
+            COMMITS=$(git log --pretty=format:"- %s (%h)" --reverse "${LAST_TAG}..$COMMIT_HASH")
+          fi
+          
+          # Store changelog for PR body
+          CLEANSED_COMMITS=$(echo "$COMMITS" | sed 's/`/\\`/g')
+          echo "changelog<<EOF" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "$CLEANSED_COMMITS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "EOF" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          
+          # Create empty commit for the PR
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git commit --allow-empty -m "Release proposal for $VERSION"
+          
+          # Push the branch
+          git push origin "$BRANCH_NAME"
+          
+          echo "branch_name=$BRANCH_NAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Create release proposal PR
+        id: create_pr
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const changelog = `${{ steps.setup.outputs.changelog }}`;
+            
+            const pr = await github.rest.pulls.create({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              title: `Release Proposal: ${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}`,
+              head: '${{ steps.setup.outputs.branch_name }}',
+              base: 'master',
+              body: `## Release Proposal: ${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}
+            
+            **Target Commit:** \`${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}\`
+            **Requested by:** @${{ github.actor }}
+            **Commit Status:** ${{ steps.setup.outputs.behind_info }}
+            
+            This PR proposes creating release tag \`${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}\` at commit \`${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}\`.
+            
+            ### Approval Process
+            
+            This PR requires **approval from 2+ maintainers** before the tag can be created.
+            
+            ### What happens next?
+            
+            1. Maintainers review this proposal
+            2. When 2+ maintainer approvals are received, an automated workflow will post tagging instructions
+            3. A maintainer manually creates and pushes the signed tag
+            4. The release workflow is triggered automatically by the tag push
+            5. Upon release completion, this PR is closed and the branch is deleted
+            
+            ### Changes Since Last Release
+            
+            ${changelog}
+            
+            ### Release Checklist
+            
+            - [ ] All tests pass
+            - [ ] Security review completed
+            - [ ] Documentation updated
+            - [ ] Breaking changes documented
+            
+            ---
+            
+            **Note:** Tag creation is manual and requires a signed tag from a maintainer.`,
+              draft: true
+            });
+            
+            // Add labels
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: pr.data.number,
+              labels: ['release-proposal', 'awaiting-approval']
+            });
+            
+            console.log(`Created PR: ${pr.data.html_url}`);
+            
+            return { number: pr.data.number, url: pr.data.html_url };
+          result-encoding: json
+
+      - name: Post summary
+        run: |
+          echo "## Release Proposal PR Created! 🚀" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Version: **${{ steps.inputs.outputs.version }}**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Commit: **${{ steps.inputs.outputs.commit_hash }}**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Status: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.behind_info }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "PR: ${{ fromJson(steps.create_pr.outputs.result).url }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -5,21 +5,342 @@ on:
     tags:
       - 'v*.*.*'
 
+env:
+  # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/issues/491
+  GOTOOLCHAIN: local
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
+  verify-tag:
+    name: Verify Tag Signature and Approvals
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+    
+    outputs:
+      verification_passed: ${{ steps.verify.outputs.passed }}
+      tag_version: ${{ steps.info.outputs.version }}
+      proposal_issue_number: ${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result && fromJson(steps.find_proposal.outputs.result).number || '' }}
+    
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
+      # tl;dr: actions/checkout@v3 runs this line:
+      #   git -c protocol.version=2 fetch --no-tags --prune --progress --no-recurse-submodules --depth=1 origin +ebc278ec98bb24f2852b61fde2a9bf2e3d83818b:refs/tags/
+      # which makes its own local lightweight tag, losing all the annotations in the process. Our earlier script ran:
+      #   git fetch --prune --unshallow
+      # which doesn't overwrite that tag because that would be destructive.
+      # Credit to @francislavoie for the investigation.
+      # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/290#issuecomment-680260080
+      - name: Force fetch upstream tags
+        run: git fetch --tags --force
+
+      - name: Get tag info
+        id: info
+        run: |
+          echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+       # https://github.community/t5/GitHub-Actions/How-to-get-just-the-tag-name/m-p/32167/highlight/true#M1027
+      - name: Print Go version and environment
+        id: vars
+        run: |
+          printf "Using go at: $(which go)\n"
+          printf "Go version: $(go version)\n"
+          printf "\n\nGo environment:\n\n"
+          go env
+          printf "\n\nSystem environment:\n\n"
+          env
+          echo "version_tag=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+          # Add "pip install" CLI tools to PATH
+          echo ~/.local/bin >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+          # Parse semver
+          TAG=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}
+          SEMVER_RE='[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[.]\([0-9]*\)[.]\([0-9]*\)\([0-9A-Za-z\.-]*\)'
+          TAG_MAJOR=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\1#"`
+          TAG_MINOR=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\2#"`
+          TAG_PATCH=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\3#"`
+          TAG_SPECIAL=`echo ${TAG#v} | sed -e "s#$SEMVER_RE#\4#"`
+          echo "tag_major=${TAG_MAJOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "tag_minor=${TAG_MINOR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "tag_patch=${TAG_PATCH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "tag_special=${TAG_SPECIAL}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Validate commits and tag signatures
+        id: verify
+        env:
+          signing_keys: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_KEYS }}
+        run: |
+          # Read the string into an array, splitting by IFS
+          IFS=";" read -ra keys_collection <<< "$signing_keys"
+          
+          # ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflows-and-actions/contexts#example-usage-of-the-runner-context
+          touch "${{ runner.temp }}/allowed_signers"
+
+          # Iterate and print the split elements
+          for item in "${keys_collection[@]}"; do
+          
+            # trim leading whitespaces
+            item="${item##*( )}"
+
+            # trim trailing whitespaces
+            item="${item%%*( )}"
+            
+            IFS=" " read -ra key_components <<< "$item"
+            # git wants it in format: email address, type, public key
+            # ssh has it in format: type, public key, email address
+            echo "${key_components[2]} namespaces=\"git\" ${key_components[0]} ${key_components[1]}" >> "${{ runner.temp }}/allowed_signers"
+          done
+
+          git config set --global gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile "${{ runner.temp }}/allowed_signers"
+
+          echo "Verifying the tag: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
+          
+          # Verify the tag is signed
+          if ! git verify-tag -v "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" 2>&1; then
+            echo "❌ Tag verification failed!"
+            echo "passed=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            git push --delete origin "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          # Run it again to capture the output
+          git verify-tag -v "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" 2>&1 | tee /tmp/verify-output.txt;
+
+          # SSH verification output typically includes the key fingerprint
+          # Use GNU grep with Perl regex for cleaner extraction (Linux environment)
+          KEY_SHA256=$(grep -oP "SHA256:[\"']?\K[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+(?=[\"']?)" /tmp/verify-output.txt | head -1 || echo "")
+          
+          if [ -z "$KEY_SHA256" ]; then
+            # Try alternative pattern with "key" prefix
+            KEY_SHA256=$(grep -oP "key SHA256:[\"']?\K[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+(?=[\"']?)" /tmp/verify-output.txt | head -1 || echo "")
+          fi
+          
+          if [ -z "$KEY_SHA256" ]; then
+            # Fallback: extract any base64-like string (40+ chars)
+            KEY_SHA256=$(grep -oP '[A-Za-z0-9+/]{40,}=?' /tmp/verify-output.txt | head -1 || echo "")
+          fi
+          
+          if [ -z "$KEY_SHA256" ]; then
+            echo "Somehow could not extract SSH key fingerprint from git verify-tag output"
+            echo "Cancelling flow and deleting tag"
+            echo "passed=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            git push --delete origin "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          echo "✅ Tag verification succeeded!"
+          echo "passed=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "key_id=$KEY_SHA256" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Find related release proposal
+        id: find_proposal
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const version = '${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}';
+            
+            // Search for PRs with release-proposal label that match this version
+            const prs = await github.rest.pulls.list({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              state: 'open', // Changed to 'all' to find both open and closed PRs
+              sort: 'updated',
+              direction: 'desc'
+            });
+            
+            // Find the most recent PR for this version
+            const proposal = prs.data.find(pr => 
+              pr.title.includes(version) && 
+              pr.labels.some(label => label.name === 'release-proposal')
+            );
+            
+            if (!proposal) {
+              console.log(`⚠️  No release proposal PR found for ${version}`);
+              console.log('This might be a hotfix or emergency release');
+              return { number: null, approved: true, approvals: 0, proposedCommit: null };
+            }
+            
+            console.log(`Found proposal PR #${proposal.number} for version ${version}`);
+            
+            // Extract commit hash from PR body
+            const commitMatch = proposal.body.match(/\*\*Target Commit:\*\*\s*`([a-f0-9]+)`/);
+            const proposedCommit = commitMatch ? commitMatch[1] : null;
+            
+            if (proposedCommit) {
+              console.log(`Proposal was for commit: ${proposedCommit}`);
+            } else {
+              console.log('⚠️  No target commit hash found in PR body');
+            }
+            
+            // Get PR reviews to extract approvers
+            let approvers = 'Validated by automation';
+            let approvalCount = 2; // Minimum required
+            
+            try {
+              const reviews = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                pull_number: proposal.number
+              });
+              
+              // Get latest review per user and filter for approvals
+              const latestReviewsByUser = {};
+              reviews.data.forEach(review => {
+                const username = review.user.login;
+                if (!latestReviewsByUser[username] || new Date(review.submitted_at) > new Date(latestReviewsByUser[username].submitted_at)) {
+                  latestReviewsByUser[username] = review;
+                }
+              });
+              
+              const approvalReviews = Object.values(latestReviewsByUser).filter(review => 
+                review.state === 'APPROVED'
+              );
+              
+              if (approvalReviews.length > 0) {
+                approvers = approvalReviews.map(r => '@' + r.user.login).join(', ');
+                approvalCount = approvalReviews.length;
+                console.log(`Found ${approvalCount} approvals from: ${approvers}`);
+              }
+            } catch (error) {
+              console.log(`Could not fetch reviews: ${error.message}`);
+            }
+            
+            return {
+              number: proposal.number,
+              approved: true,
+              approvals: approvalCount,
+              approvers: approvers,
+              proposedCommit: proposedCommit
+            };
+          result-encoding: json
+
+      - name: Verify proposal commit
+        run: |
+          APPROVALS='${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result }}'
+          
+          # Parse JSON
+          PROPOSED_COMMIT=$(echo "$APPROVALS" | jq -r '.proposedCommit')
+          CURRENT_COMMIT="${{ steps.info.outputs.sha }}"
+          
+          echo "Proposed commit: $PROPOSED_COMMIT"
+          echo "Current commit: $CURRENT_COMMIT"
+          
+          # Check if commits match (if proposal had a target commit)
+          if [ "$PROPOSED_COMMIT" != "null" ] && [ -n "$PROPOSED_COMMIT" ]; then
+            # Normalize both commits to full SHA for comparison
+            PROPOSED_FULL=$(git rev-parse "$PROPOSED_COMMIT" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+            CURRENT_FULL=$(git rev-parse "$CURRENT_COMMIT" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+            
+            if [ -z "$PROPOSED_FULL" ]; then
+              echo "⚠️  Could not resolve proposed commit: $PROPOSED_COMMIT"
+            elif [ "$PROPOSED_FULL" != "$CURRENT_FULL" ]; then
+              echo "❌ Commit mismatch!"
+              echo "The tag points to commit $CURRENT_FULL but the proposal was for $PROPOSED_FULL"
+              echo "This indicates an error in tag creation."
+              # Delete the tag remotely
+              git push --delete origin "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
+              echo "Tag ${{steps.vars.outputs.version_tag}} has been deleted"
+              exit 1
+            else
+              echo "✅ Commit hash matches proposal"
+            fi
+          else
+            echo "⚠️  No target commit found in proposal (might be legacy release)"
+          fi
+          
+          echo "✅ Tag verification completed"
+
+      - name: Update release proposal PR
+        if: fromJson(steps.find_proposal.outputs.result).number != null
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const result = ${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result }};
+            
+            if (result.number) {
+              // Add in-progress label
+              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: result.number,
+                labels: ['release-in-progress']
+              });
+              
+              // Remove approved label if present
+              try {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  issue_number: result.number,
+                  name: 'approved'
+                });
+              } catch (e) {
+                console.log('Approved label not found:', e.message);
+              }
+              
+              const commentBody = [
+                '## 🚀 Release Workflow Started',
+                '',
+                '- **Tag:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.version }}',
+                '- **Signed by key:** ${{ steps.verify.outputs.key_id }}',
+                '- **Commit:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.sha }}',
+                '- **Approved by:** ' + result.approvers,
+                '',
+                'Release workflow is now running. This PR will be updated when the release is published.'
+              ].join('\n');
+              
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: result.number,
+                body: commentBody
+              });
+            }
+
+      - name: Summary
+        run: |
+          APPROVALS='${{ steps.find_proposal.outputs.result }}'
+          PROPOSED_COMMIT=$(echo "$APPROVALS" | jq -r '.proposedCommit // "N/A"')
+          APPROVERS=$(echo "$APPROVALS" | jq -r '.approvers // "N/A"')
+          
+          echo "## Tag Verification Summary 🔐" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Tag:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.version }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Commit:** ${{ steps.info.outputs.sha }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Proposed Commit:** $PROPOSED_COMMIT" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Signature:** ✅ Verified" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Signed by:** ${{ steps.verify.outputs.key_id }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Approvals:** ✅ Sufficient" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- **Approved by:** $APPROVERS" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "Proceeding with release build..." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+      
   release:
     name: Release
+    needs: verify-tag
+    if: ${{ needs.verify-tag.outputs.verification_passed == 'true' }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: 
           - ubuntu-latest
         go: 
-          - '1.21'
+          - '1.25'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.21'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.21.0'
+        - go: '1.25'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.25.0'
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     # https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/1258#issuecomment-1002251233
@@ -29,21 +350,28 @@ jobs:
       # https://docs.github.com/en/rest/overview/permissions-required-for-github-apps#permission-on-contents
       # "Releases" is part of `contents`, so it needs the `write`
       contents: write
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
 
     steps:
+    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+      with:
+        egress-policy: audit
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
 
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-go@44694675825211faa026b3c33043df3e48a5fa00 # v6.0.0
       with:
         go-version: ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
         check-latest: true
 
     # Force fetch upstream tags -- because 65 minutes
-    # tl;dr: actions/checkout@v4 runs this line:
+    # tl;dr: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v4.2.2 runs this line:
     #   git -c protocol.version=2 fetch --no-tags --prune --progress --no-recurse-submodules --depth=1 origin +ebc278ec98bb24f2852b61fde2a9bf2e3d83818b:refs/tags/
     # which makes its own local lightweight tag, losing all the annotations in the process. Our earlier script ran:
     #   git fetch --prune --unshallow
@@ -86,27 +414,21 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Cloudsmith CLI
       run: pip install --upgrade cloudsmith-cli
 
-    - name: Validate commits and tag signatures
-      run: |
-        
-        # Import Matt Holt's key
-        curl 'https://github.com/mholt.gpg' | gpg --import
-
-        echo "Verifying the tag: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}"
-        # tags are only accepted if signed by Matt's key
-        git verify-tag "${{ steps.vars.outputs.version_tag }}" || exit 1
-
     - name: Install Cosign
-      uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@main
+      uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@d7543c93d881b35a8faa02e8e3605f69b7a1ce62 # main
     - name: Cosign version
       run: cosign version
     - name: Install Syft
-      uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@main
+      uses: anchore/sbom-action/download-syft@f8bdd1d8ac5e901a77a92f111440fdb1b593736b # main
     - name: Syft version
       run: syft version
+    - name: Install xcaddy
+      run: |
+        go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
+        xcaddy version
     # GoReleaser will take care of publishing those artifacts into the release
     - name: Run GoReleaser
-      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v5
+      uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6.4.0
       with:
         version: latest
         args: release --clean --timeout 60m
@@ -172,3 +494,72 @@ jobs:
           echo "Pushing $filename to 'testing'"
           cloudsmith push deb caddy/testing/any-distro/any-version $filename
         done
+
+    - name: Update release proposal PR
+      if: needs.verify-tag.outputs.proposal_issue_number != ''
+      uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+      with:
+        script: |
+          const prNumber = parseInt('${{ needs.verify-tag.outputs.proposal_issue_number }}');
+          
+          if (prNumber) {
+            // Get PR details to find the branch
+            const pr = await github.rest.pulls.get({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              pull_number: prNumber
+            });
+            
+            const branchName = pr.data.head.ref;
+            
+            // Remove in-progress label
+            try {
+              await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: prNumber,
+                name: 'release-in-progress'
+              });
+            } catch (e) {
+              console.log('Label not found:', e.message);
+            }
+            
+            // Add released label
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              labels: ['released']
+            });
+            
+            // Add final comment
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              body: '## ✅ Release Published\n\nThe release has been successfully published and is now available.'
+            });
+            
+            // Close the PR if it's still open
+            if (pr.data.state === 'open') {
+              await github.rest.pulls.update({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                pull_number: prNumber,
+                state: 'closed'
+              });
+              console.log(`Closed PR #${prNumber}`);
+            }
+            
+            // Delete the branch
+            try {
+              await github.rest.git.deleteRef({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                ref: `heads/${branchName}`
+              });
+              console.log(`Deleted branch: ${branchName}`);
+            } catch (e) {
+              console.log(`Could not delete branch ${branchName}: ${e.message}`);
+            }
+          }

.github/workflows/release_published.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ on:
   release:
     types: [published]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   release:
     name: Release Published
@@ -13,12 +16,20 @@ jobs:
         os: 
           - ubuntu-latest
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
+      actions: write
     steps:
 
     # See https://github.com/peter-evans/repository-dispatch
+    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+      with:
+        egress-policy: audit
+
     - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/dist
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v2
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@5fc4efd1a4797ddb68ffd0714a238564e4cc0e6f # v4.0.0
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
         repository: caddyserver/dist
@@ -26,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
         client-payload: '{"tag": "${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"}'
 
     - name: Trigger event on caddyserver/caddy-docker
-      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v2
+      uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@5fc4efd1a4797ddb68ffd0714a238564e4cc0e6f # v4.0.0
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.REPO_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
         repository: caddyserver/caddy-docker

.github/workflows/scorecard.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub. They are provided
+# by a third-party and are governed by separate terms of service, privacy
+# policy, and support documentation.
+
+name: OpenSSF Scorecard supply-chain security
+on:
+  # For Branch-Protection check. Only the default branch is supported. See
+  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#branch-protection
+  branch_protection_rule:
+  # To guarantee Maintained check is occasionally updated. See
+  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#maintained
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '20 2 * * 5'
+  push:
+    branches: [ "master", "2.*" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "master", "2.*" ]
+
+
+# Declare default permissions as read only.
+permissions: read-all
+
+jobs:
+  analysis:
+    name: Scorecard analysis
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # `publish_results: true` only works when run from the default branch. conditional can be removed if disabled.
+    if: github.event.repository.default_branch == github.ref_name || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+    permissions:
+      # Needed to upload the results to code-scanning dashboard.
+      security-events: write
+      # Needed to publish results and get a badge (see publish_results below).
+      id-token: write
+      # Uncomment the permissions below if installing in a private repository.
+      # contents: read
+      # actions: read
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@f4a75cfd619ee5ce8d5b864b0d183aff3c69b55a # v2.13.1
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - name: "Checkout code"
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: "Run analysis"
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@4eaacf0543bb3f2c246792bd56e8cdeffafb205a # v2.4.3
+        with:
+          results_file: results.sarif
+          results_format: sarif
+          # (Optional) "write" PAT token. Uncomment the `repo_token` line below if:
+          # - you want to enable the Branch-Protection check on a *public* repository, or
+          # - you are installing Scorecard on a *private* repository
+          # To create the PAT, follow the steps in https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action?tab=readme-ov-file#authentication-with-fine-grained-pat-optional.
+          # repo_token: ${{ secrets.SCORECARD_TOKEN }}
+
+          # Public repositories:
+          #   - Publish results to OpenSSF REST API for easy access by consumers
+          #   - Allows the repository to include the Scorecard badge.
+          #   - See https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#publishing-results.
+          # For private repositories:
+          #   - `publish_results` will always be set to `false`, regardless
+          #     of the value entered here.
+          publish_results: true
+
+          # (Optional) Uncomment file_mode if you have a .gitattributes with files marked export-ignore
+          # file_mode: git
+
+      # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
+      # format to the repository Actions tab.
+      - name: "Upload artifact"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: SARIF file
+          path: results.sarif
+          retention-days: 5
+
+      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard (optional).
+      # Commenting out will disable upload of results to your repo's Code Scanning dashboard
+      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@3599b3baa15b485a2e49ef411a7a4bb2452e7f93 # v3.29.5
+        with:
+          sarif_file: results.sarif

.gitignore

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ _gitignore/
 Caddyfile
 Caddyfile.*
 !caddyfile/
+!caddyfile.go
 
 # artifacts from pprof tooling
 *.prof

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,112 +1,122 @@
-linters-settings:
-  errcheck:
-    ignore: fmt:.*,go.uber.org/zap/zapcore:^Add.*
-    ignoretests: true
-  gci:
-    sections:
-      - standard # Standard section: captures all standard packages.
-      - default # Default section: contains all imports that could not be matched to another section type.
-      - prefix(github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd) # ensure that this is always at the top and always has a line break.
-      - prefix(github.com/caddyserver/caddy) # Custom section: groups all imports with the specified Prefix.
-    # Skip generated files.
-    # Default: true
-    skip-generated: true
-    # Enable custom order of sections.
-    # If `true`, make the section order the same as the order of `sections`.
-    # Default: false
-    custom-order: true
-
+version: "2"
+run:
+  issues-exit-code: 1
+  tests: false
+  build-tags:
+    - nobadger
+    - nomysql
+    - nopgx
+output:
+  formats:
+    text:
+      path: stdout
+      print-linter-name: true
+      print-issued-lines: true
 linters:
-  disable-all: true
+  default: none
   enable:
+    - asasalint
+    - asciicheck
+    - bidichk
     - bodyclose
+    - decorder
+    - dogsled
+    - dupl
+    - dupword
+    - durationcheck
     - errcheck
-    - gci
-    - gofumpt
+    - errname
+    - exhaustive
     - gosec
-    - gosimple
     - govet
+    - importas
     - ineffassign
     - misspell
     - prealloc
+    - promlinter
+    - sloglint
+    - sqlclosecheck
     - staticcheck
-    - typecheck
+    - testableexamples
+    - testifylint
+    - tparallel
     - unconvert
     - unused
-  # these are implicitly disabled:
-  # - asciicheck
-  # - depguard
-  # - dogsled
-  # - dupl
-  # - exhaustive
-  # - exportloopref
-  # - funlen
-  # - gci
-  # - gochecknoglobals
-  # - gochecknoinits
-  # - gocognit
-  # - goconst
-  # - gocritic
-  # - gocyclo
-  # - godot
-  # - godox
-  # - goerr113
-  # - gofumpt
-  # - goheader
-  # - golint
-  # - gomnd
-  # - gomodguard
-  # - goprintffuncname
-  # - interfacer
-  # - lll
-  # - maligned
-  # - nakedret
-  # - nestif
-  # - nlreturn
-  # - noctx
-  # - nolintlint
-  # - rowserrcheck
-  # - scopelint
-  # - sqlclosecheck
-  # - stylecheck
-  # - testpackage
-  # - unparam
-  # - whitespace
-  # - wsl
-
-run:
-  # default concurrency is a available CPU number.
-  # concurrency: 4 # explicitly omit this value to fully utilize available resources.
-  deadline: 5m
-  issues-exit-code: 1
-  tests: false
-
-# output configuration options
-output:
-  format: 'colored-line-number'
-  print-issued-lines: true
-  print-linter-name: true
-
-issues:
-  exclude-rules:
-    # we aren't calling unknown URL
-    - text: 'G107' # G107: Url provided to HTTP request as taint input
-      linters:
-        - gosec
-    # as a web server that's expected to handle any template, this is totally in the hands of the user.
-    - text: 'G203' # G203: Use of unescaped data in HTML templates
-      linters:
-        - gosec
-    # we're shelling out to known commands, not relying on user-defined input.
-    - text: 'G204' # G204: Audit use of command execution
-      linters:
-        - gosec
-    # the choice of weakrand is deliberate, hence the named import "weakrand"
-    - path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/selectionpolicies.go
-      text: 'G404' # G404: Insecure random number source (rand)
-      linters:
-        - gosec
-    - path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/streaming.go
-      text: 'G404' # G404: Insecure random number source (rand)
-      linters:
-        - gosec
+    - wastedassign
+    - whitespace
+    - zerologlint
+  settings:
+    staticcheck:
+      checks: ["all", "-ST1000", "-ST1003", "-ST1016", "-ST1020", "-ST1021", "-ST1022",  "-QF1006", "-QF1008"] # default, and exclude 1 more undesired check
+    errcheck:
+      exclude-functions:
+        - fmt.*
+        - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddObject
+        - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddArray
+    exhaustive:
+      ignore-enum-types: reflect.Kind|svc.Cmd
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    rules:
+      - linters:
+          - gosec
+        text: G115 # TODO: Either we should fix the issues or nuke the linter if it's bad
+      - linters:
+          - gosec
+        text: G107 # we aren't calling unknown URL
+      - linters:
+          - gosec
+        text: G203 # as a web server that's expected to handle any template, this is totally in the hands of the user.
+      - linters:
+          - gosec
+        text: G204 # we're shelling out to known commands, not relying on user-defined input.
+      - linters:
+          - gosec
+        # the choice of weakrand is deliberate, hence the named import "weakrand"
+        path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/selectionpolicies.go
+        text: G404
+      - linters:
+          - gosec
+        path: modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/streaming.go
+        text: G404
+      - linters:
+          - dupl
+        path: modules/logging/filters.go
+      - linters:
+          - dupl
+        path: modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go
+      - linters:
+          - dupl
+        path: modules/caddyhttp/vars.go
+      - linters:
+          - errcheck
+        path: _test\.go
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gci
+    - gofmt
+    - gofumpt
+    - goimports
+  settings:
+    gci:
+      sections:
+        - standard # Standard section: captures all standard packages.
+        - default # Default section: contains all imports that could not be matched to another section type.
+        - prefix(github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/cmd) # ensure that this is always at the top and always has a line break.
+        - prefix(github.com/caddyserver/caddy) # Custom section: groups all imports with the specified Prefix.
+      custom-order: true
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+version: 2
+
 before:
   hooks:
     # The build is done in this particular way to build Caddy in a designated directory named in .gitignore.
@@ -10,6 +12,9 @@ before:
     - mkdir -p caddy-build
     - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
     - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
+    # prepare syso files for windows embedding
+    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
+    - /bin/sh -c 'mv /tmp/buildenv_*/*.syso caddy-build'
     # GoReleaser doesn't seem to offer {{.Tag}} at this stage, so we have to embed it into the env
     # so we run: TAG=$(git describe --abbrev=0) goreleaser release --rm-dist --skip-publish --skip-validate
     - go mod edit -require=github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@{{.Env.TAG}} ./caddy-build/go.mod
@@ -29,7 +34,6 @@ builds:
 - env:
   - CGO_ENABLED=0
   - GO111MODULE=on
-  main: main.go
   dir: ./caddy-build
   binary: caddy
   goos:
@@ -77,6 +81,10 @@ builds:
   - -mod=readonly
   ldflags:
   - -s -w
+  tags:
+  - nobadger
+  - nomysql
+  - nopgx
 
 signs:
   - cmd: cosign
@@ -103,7 +111,7 @@ archives:
   - id: default
     format_overrides:
       - goos: windows
-        format: zip
+        formats: zip
     name_template: >-
       {{ .ProjectName }}_
       {{- .Version }}_
@@ -184,6 +192,9 @@ nfpms:
       preremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/preremove.sh
       postremove: ./caddy-dist/scripts/postremove.sh
 
+    provides:
+      - httpd
+
 release:
   github:
     owner: caddyserver

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+repos:
+- repo: https://github.com/gitleaks/gitleaks
+  rev: v8.16.3
+  hooks:
+  - id: gitleaks
+- repo: https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint
+  rev: v1.52.2
+  hooks:
+  - id: golangci-lint-config-verify
+  - id: golangci-lint
+  - id: golangci-lint-fmt
+- repo: https://github.com/jumanjihouse/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: 3.0.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: shellcheck
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v4.4.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: end-of-file-fixer
+  - id: trailing-whitespace

README.md

@@ -12,23 +12,52 @@
 <hr>
 <h3 align="center">Every site on HTTPS</h3>
 <p align="center">Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default.</p>
-<p align="center">
-	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg"></a>
-	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
-	<br>
-	<a href="https://twitter.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@caddyserver-55acee.svg" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
-	<a href="https://caddy.community" title="Caddy Forum"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community-forum-ff69b4.svg" alt="Caddy Forum"></a>
-	<br>
-	<a href="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy?badge" title="Caddy on Sourcegraph"><img src="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/-/badge.svg" alt="Caddy on Sourcegraph"></a>
-	<a href="https://cloudsmith.io/~caddy/repos/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/OSS%20hosting%20by-cloudsmith-blue?logo=cloudsmith" alt="Cloudsmith"></a>
-</p>
 <p align="center">
 	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases">Releases</a> ·
 	<a href="https://caddyserver.com/docs/">Documentation</a> ·
 	<a href="https://caddy.community">Get Help</a>
 </p>
+<p align="center">
+	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg"></a>
+	&nbsp;
+	<a href="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/7141"><img src="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/7141/badge"></a>
+	&nbsp;
+	<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-%23007d9c.svg"></a>
+	&nbsp;
+	<a href="https://x.com/caddyserver" title="@caddyserver on Twitter"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/caddyserver" alt="@caddyserver on Twitter"></a>
+	&nbsp;
+	<a href="https://caddy.community" title="Caddy Forum"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community-forum-ff69b4.svg" alt="Caddy Forum"></a>
+	<br>
+	<a href="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy?badge" title="Caddy on Sourcegraph"><img src="https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/caddyserver/caddy/-/badge.svg" alt="Caddy on Sourcegraph"></a>
+	&nbsp;
+	<a href="https://cloudsmith.io/~caddy/repos/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/OSS%20hosting%20by-cloudsmith-blue?logo=cloudsmith" alt="Cloudsmith"></a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+	<b>Powered by</b>
+	<br>
+	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/certmagic">
+		<picture>
+			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55066419/206946718-740b6371-3df3-4d72-a822-47e4c48af999.png">
+			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png">
+			<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png" alt="CertMagic" width="250">
+		</picture>
+	</a>
+</p>
 
+<!-- Warp sponsorship requests this section -->
+<div align="center" markdown="1">
+	<hr>
+	<sup>Special thanks to:</sup>
+	<br>
+	<a href="https://go.warp.dev/caddy">
+		<img alt="Warp sponsorship" width="400" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c8efffde-18c7-4af4-83ed-b1aba2dda394">
+	</a>
 
+### [Warp, built for coding with multiple AI agents](https://go.warp.dev/caddy)
+[Available for MacOS, Linux, & Windows](https://go.warp.dev/caddy)<br>
+</div>
+
+<hr>
 
 ### Menu
 
@@ -43,20 +72,8 @@
 - [Getting help](#getting-help)
 - [About](#about)
 
-<p align="center">
-	<b>Powered by</b>
-	<br>
-	<a href="https://github.com/caddyserver/certmagic">
-		<picture>
-			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/55066419/206946718-740b6371-3df3-4d72-a822-47e4c48af999.png">
-			<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png">
-			<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1128849/49704830-49d37200-fbd5-11e8-8385-767e0cd033c3.png" alt="CertMagic" width="250">
-		</picture>
-	</a>
-</p>
 
-
-## [Features](https://caddyserver.com/v2)
+## [Features](https://caddyserver.com/features)
 
 - **Easy configuration** with the [Caddyfile](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile)
 - **Powerful configuration** with its [native JSON config](https://caddyserver.com/docs/json/)
@@ -67,6 +84,7 @@
 	- Fully-managed local CA for internal names & IPs
 	- Can coordinate with other Caddy instances in a cluster
 	- Multi-issuer fallback
+	- Encrypted ClientHello (ECH) support
 - **Stays up when other servers go down** due to TLS/OCSP/certificate-related issues
 - **Production-ready** after serving trillions of requests and managing millions of TLS certificates
 - **Scales to hundreds of thousands of sites** as proven in production
@@ -75,7 +93,7 @@
 - **Runs anywhere** with **no external dependencies** (not even libc)
 - Written in Go, a language with higher **memory safety guarantees** than other servers
 - Actually **fun to use**
-- So much more to [discover](https://caddyserver.com/v2)
+- So much more to [discover](https://caddyserver.com/features)
 
 ## Install
 
@@ -87,7 +105,7 @@ See [our online documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install) for other i
 
 Requirements:
 
-- [Go 1.20 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.25.0 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
 
 ### For development
 
@@ -115,11 +133,18 @@ username ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/setcap
 
 replacing `username` with your actual username. Please be careful and only do this if you know what you are doing! We are only qualified to document how to use Caddy, not Go tooling or your computer, and we are providing these instructions for convenience only; please learn how to use your own computer at your own risk and make any needful adjustments.
 
+Then you can run the tests in all modules or a specific one:
+
+```bash
+$ go test ./...
+$ go test ./modules/caddyhttp/tracing/
+```
+
 ### With version information and/or plugins
 
 Using [our builder tool, `xcaddy`](https://github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy)...
 
-```
+```bash
 $ xcaddy build
 ```
 
@@ -131,7 +156,7 @@ $ xcaddy build
 4. Initialize a Go module: `go mod init caddy`
 5. (Optional) Pin Caddy version: `go get github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@version` replacing `version` with a git tag, commit, or branch name.
 6. (Optional) Add plugins by adding their import: `_ "import/path/here"`
-7. Compile: `go build`
+7. Compile: `go build -tags=nobadger,nomysql,nopgx`
 
 
 
@@ -176,7 +201,7 @@ The docs are also open source. You can contribute to them here: https://github.c
 
 ## Getting help
 
-- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com/my/contact-us?dd=caddy) before help is needed.
+- We advise companies using Caddy to secure a support contract through [Ardan Labs](https://www.ardanlabs.com) before help is needed.
 
 - A [sponsorship](https://github.com/sponsors/mholt) goes a long way! We can offer private help to sponsors. If Caddy is benefitting your company, please consider a sponsorship. This not only helps fund full-time work to ensure the longevity of the project, it provides your company the resources, support, and discounts you need; along with being a great look for your company to your customers and potential customers!
 
@@ -192,8 +217,8 @@ Matthew Holt began developing Caddy in 2014 while studying computer science at B
 
 **The name "Caddy" is trademarked.** The name of the software is "Caddy", not "Caddy Server" or "CaddyServer". Please call it "Caddy" or, if you wish to clarify, "the Caddy web server". Caddy is a registered trademark of Stack Holdings GmbH.
 
-- _Project on Twitter: [@caddyserver](https://twitter.com/caddyserver)_
-- _Author on Twitter: [@mholt6](https://twitter.com/mholt6)_
+- _Project on X: [@caddyserver](https://x.com/caddyserver)_
+- _Author on X: [@mholt6](https://x.com/mholt6)_
 
 Caddy is a project of [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com), a Stack Holdings company.
 

admin.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"expvar"
 	"fmt"
 	"hash"
-	"hash/fnv"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -35,19 +34,21 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 
 func init() {
-	// The hard-coded default `DefaultAdminListen` can be overidden
+	// The hard-coded default `DefaultAdminListen` can be overridden
 	// by setting the `CADDY_ADMIN` environment variable.
 	// The environment variable may be used by packagers to change
 	// the default admin address to something more appropriate for
@@ -213,14 +214,15 @@ type AdminPermissions struct {
 
 // newAdminHandler reads admin's config and returns an http.Handler suitable
 // for use in an admin endpoint server, which will be listening on listenAddr.
-func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool) adminHandler {
+func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool, _ Context) adminHandler {
 	muxWrap := adminHandler{mux: http.NewServeMux()}
 
 	// secure the local or remote endpoint respectively
 	if remote {
 		muxWrap.remoteControl = admin.Remote
 	} else {
-		muxWrap.enforceHost = !addr.isWildcardInterface()
+		// see comment in allowedOrigins() as to why we disable the host check for unix/fd networks
+		muxWrap.enforceHost = !addr.isWildcardInterface() && !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork()
 		muxWrap.allowedOrigins = admin.allowedOrigins(addr)
 		muxWrap.enforceOrigin = admin.EnforceOrigin
 	}
@@ -269,7 +271,6 @@ func (admin *AdminConfig) newAdminHandler(addr NetworkAddress, remote bool) admi
 	// register third-party module endpoints
 	for _, m := range GetModules("admin.api") {
 		router := m.New().(AdminRouter)
-		handlerLabel := m.ID.Name()
 		for _, route := range router.Routes() {
 			addRoute(route.Pattern, handlerLabel, route.Handler)
 		}
@@ -310,47 +311,43 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 	for _, o := range admin.Origins {
 		uniqueOrigins[o] = struct{}{}
 	}
-	if admin.Origins == nil {
+	// RFC 2616, Section 14.26:
+	// "A client MUST include a Host header field in all HTTP/1.1 request
+	// messages. If the requested URI does not include an Internet host
+	// name for the service being requested, then the Host header field MUST
+	// be given with an empty value."
+	//
+	// UPDATE July 2023: Go broke this by patching a minor security bug in 1.20.6.
+	// Understandable, but frustrating. See:
+	// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60374
+	// See also the discussion here:
+	// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61431
+	//
+	// We can no longer conform to RFC 2616 Section 14.26 from either Go or curl
+	// in purity. (Curl allowed no host between 7.40 and 7.50, but now requires a
+	// bogus host; see https://superuser.com/a/925610.) If we disable Host/Origin
+	// security checks, the infosec community assures me that it is secure to do
+	// so, because:
+	//
+	// 1) Browsers do not allow access to unix sockets
+	// 2) DNS is irrelevant to unix sockets
+	//
+	// If either of those two statements ever fail to hold true, it is not the
+	// fault of Caddy.
+	//
+	// Thus, we do not fill out allowed origins and do not enforce Host
+	// requirements for unix sockets. Enforcing it leads to confusion and
+	// frustration, when UDS have their own permissions from the OS.
+	// Enforcing host requirements here is effectively security theater,
+	// and a false sense of security.
+	//
+	// See also the discussion in #6832.
+	if admin.Origins == nil && !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork() {
 		if addr.isLoopback() {
-			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
-				// RFC 2616, Section 14.26:
-				// "A client MUST include a Host header field in all HTTP/1.1 request
-				// messages. If the requested URI does not include an Internet host
-				// name for the service being requested, then the Host header field MUST
-				// be given with an empty value."
-				//
-				// UPDATE July 2023: Go broke this by patching a minor security bug in 1.20.6.
-				// Understandable, but frustrating. See:
-				// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60374
-				// See also the discussion here:
-				// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61431
-				//
-				// We can no longer conform to RFC 2616 Section 14.26 from either Go or curl
-				// in purity. (Curl allowed no host between 7.40 and 7.50, but now requires a
-				// bogus host; see https://superuser.com/a/925610.) If we disable Host/Origin
-				// security checks, the infosec community assures me that it is secure to do
-				// so, because:
-				// 1) Browsers do not allow access to unix sockets
-				// 2) DNS is irrelevant to unix sockets
-				//
-				// I am not quite ready to trust either of those external factors, so instead
-				// of disabling Host/Origin checks, we now allow specific Host values when
-				// accessing the admin endpoint over unix sockets. I definitely don't trust
-				// DNS (e.g. I don't trust 'localhost' to always resolve to the local host),
-				// and IP shouldn't even be used, but if it is for some reason, I think we can
-				// at least be reasonably assured that 127.0.0.1 and ::1 route to the local
-				// machine, meaning that a hypothetical browser origin would have to be on the
-				// local machine as well.
-				uniqueOrigins[""] = struct{}{}
-				uniqueOrigins["127.0.0.1"] = struct{}{}
-				uniqueOrigins["::1"] = struct{}{}
-			} else {
-				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("localhost", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
-				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("::1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
-				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+			uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("localhost", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
+			uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("::1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
+			uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
+		} else {
 			uniqueOrigins[addr.JoinHostPort(0)] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
@@ -381,7 +378,9 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 // for the admin endpoint exists in cfg, a default one is used, so
 // that there is always an admin server (unless it is explicitly
 // configured to be disabled).
-func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config) error {
+// Critically note that some elements and functionality of the context
+// may not be ready, e.g. storage. Tread carefully.
+func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config, ctx Context) error {
 	// always* be sure to close down the old admin endpoint
 	// as gracefully as possible, even if the new one is
 	// disabled -- careful to use reference to the current
@@ -423,7 +422,14 @@ func replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg *Config) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, ctx)
+
+	// run the provisioners for loaded modules to make sure local
+	// state is properly re-initialized in the new admin server
+	err = cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	ln, err := addr.Listen(context.TODO(), 0, net.ListenConfig{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -474,7 +480,6 @@ func manageIdentity(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 	// import the caddytls package -- but it works
 	if cfg.Admin.Identity.IssuersRaw == nil {
 		cfg.Admin.Identity.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{
-			json.RawMessage(`{"module": "zerossl"}`),
 			json.RawMessage(`{"module": "acme"}`),
 		}
 	}
@@ -545,7 +550,14 @@ func replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 
 	// make the HTTP handler but disable Host/Origin enforcement
 	// because we are using TLS authentication instead
-	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true)
+	handler := cfg.Admin.newAdminHandler(addr, true, ctx)
+
+	// run the provisioners for loaded modules to make sure local
+	// state is properly re-initialized in the new admin server
+	err = cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// create client certificate pool for TLS mutual auth, and extract public keys
 	// so that we can enforce access controls at the application layer
@@ -676,13 +688,7 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 					// key recognized; make sure its HTTP request is permitted
 					for _, accessPerm := range adminAccess.Permissions {
 						// verify method
-						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil
-						for _, method := range accessPerm.Methods {
-							if method == r.Method {
-								methodFound = true
-								break
-							}
-						}
+						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil || slices.Contains(accessPerm.Methods, r.Method)
 						if !methodFound {
 							return APIError{
 								HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -878,13 +884,9 @@ func (h adminHandler) handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err er
 // a trustworthy/expected value. This helps to mitigate DNS
 // rebinding attacks.
 func (h adminHandler) checkHost(r *http.Request) error {
-	var allowed bool
-	for _, allowedOrigin := range h.allowedOrigins {
-		if r.Host == allowedOrigin.Host {
-			allowed = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
+	allowed := slices.ContainsFunc(h.allowedOrigins, func(u *url.URL) bool {
+		return r.Host == u.Host
+	})
 	if !allowed {
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -944,9 +946,9 @@ func (h adminHandler) originAllowed(origin *url.URL) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// etagHasher returns a the hasher we used on the config to both
+// etagHasher returns the hasher we used on the config to both
 // produce and verify ETags.
-func etagHasher() hash.Hash32 { return fnv.New32a() }
+func etagHasher() hash.Hash { return xxhash.New() }
 
 // makeEtag returns an Etag header value (including quotes) for
 // the given config path and hash of contents at that path.
@@ -954,17 +956,28 @@ func makeEtag(path string, hash hash.Hash) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s %x"`, path, hash.Sum(nil))
 }
 
+// This buffer pool is used to keep buffers for
+// reading the config file during eTag header generation
+var bufferPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		return new(bytes.Buffer)
+	},
+}
+
 func handleConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	switch r.Method {
 	case http.MethodGet:
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		// Set the ETag as a trailer header.
-		// The alternative is to write the config to a buffer, and
-		// then hash that.
-		w.Header().Set("Trailer", "ETag")
-
 		hash := etagHasher()
-		configWriter := io.MultiWriter(w, hash)
+
+		// Read the config into a buffer instead of writing directly to
+		// the response writer, as we want to set the ETag as the header,
+		// not the trailer.
+		buf := bufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
+		buf.Reset()
+		defer bufferPool.Put(buf)
+
+		configWriter := io.MultiWriter(buf, hash)
 		err := readConfig(r.URL.Path, configWriter)
 		if err != nil {
 			return APIError{HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest, Err: err}
@@ -973,6 +986,10 @@ func handleConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		// we could consider setting up a sync.Pool for the summed
 		// hashes to reduce GC pressure.
 		w.Header().Set("Etag", makeEtag(r.URL.Path, hash))
+		_, err = w.Write(buf.Bytes())
+		if err != nil {
+			return APIError{HTTPStatus: http.StatusInternalServerError, Err: err}
+		}
 
 		return nil
 
@@ -1012,6 +1029,13 @@ func handleConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		// If this request changed the config, clear the last
+		// config info we have stored, if it is different from
+		// the original source.
+		ClearLastConfigIfDifferent(
+			r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-File"),
+			r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-Adapter"))
+
 	default:
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
@@ -1086,7 +1110,10 @@ func unsyncedConfigAccess(method, path string, body []byte, out io.Writer) error
 	if len(body) > 0 {
 		err = json.Unmarshal(body, &val)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("decoding request body: %v", err)
+			if jsonErr, ok := err.(*json.SyntaxError); ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("decoding request body: %w, at offset %d", jsonErr, jsonErr.Offset)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("decoding request body: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1133,7 +1160,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
 							path, idxStr, err)
 					}
-					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(arr) {
+					if idx < 0 || (method != http.MethodPut && idx >= len(arr)) || idx > len(arr) {
 						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] array index out of bounds: %s", path, idxStr)
 					}
 				}

admin_test.go

@@ -15,12 +15,20 @@
 package caddy
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
 )
 
 var testCfg = []byte(`{
@@ -141,11 +149,9 @@ func TestLoadConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
+		wg.Go(func() {
 			_ = Load(testCfg, true)
-			wg.Done()
-		}()
+		})
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
 }
@@ -199,7 +205,723 @@ func TestETags(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkLoad(b *testing.B) {
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+	for b.Loop() {
 		Load(testCfg, true)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAdminHandlerErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	initAdminMetrics()
+
+	handler := adminHandler{
+		mux: http.NewServeMux(),
+	}
+
+	handler.mux.Handle("/error", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("test error")
+		handler.handleError(w, r, err)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/error", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code == http.StatusOK {
+		t.Error("expected error response, got success")
+	}
+
+	var apiErr APIError
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&apiErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decoding response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if apiErr.Message != "test error" {
+		t.Errorf("expected error message 'test error', got '%s'", apiErr.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func initAdminMetrics() {
+	if adminMetrics.requestErrors != nil {
+		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
+	}
+	if adminMetrics.requestCount != nil {
+		prometheus.Unregister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
+	}
+
+	adminMetrics.requestErrors = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Namespace: "caddy",
+		Subsystem: "admin_http",
+		Name:      "request_errors_total",
+		Help:      "Number of errors that occurred handling admin endpoint requests",
+	}, []string{"handler", "path", "method"})
+
+	adminMetrics.requestCount = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Namespace: "caddy",
+		Subsystem: "admin_http",
+		Name:      "requests_total",
+		Help:      "Count of requests to the admin endpoint",
+	}, []string{"handler", "path", "code", "method"}) // Added code and method labels
+
+	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestErrors)
+	prometheus.MustRegister(adminMetrics.requestCount)
+}
+
+func TestAdminHandlerBuiltinRouteErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	initAdminMetrics()
+
+	cfg := &Config{
+		Admin: &AdminConfig{
+			Listen: "localhost:2019",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := replaceLocalAdminServer(cfg, Context{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setting up admin server: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		stopAdminServer(localAdminServer)
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		path           string
+		method         string
+		expectedStatus int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "stop endpoint wrong method",
+			path:           "/stop",
+			method:         http.MethodGet,
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "config endpoint wrong content-type",
+			path:           "/config/",
+			method:         http.MethodPost,
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "config ID missing ID",
+			path:           "/id/",
+			method:         http.MethodGet,
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(test.method, fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:2019%s", test.path), nil)
+			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+			localAdminServer.Handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+			if rr.Code != test.expectedStatus {
+				t.Errorf("expected status %d but got %d", test.expectedStatus, rr.Code)
+			}
+
+			metricValue := testGetMetricValue(map[string]string{
+				"path":    test.path,
+				"handler": "admin",
+				"method":  test.method,
+			})
+			if metricValue != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("expected error metric to be incremented once, got %v", metricValue)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func testGetMetricValue(labels map[string]string) float64 {
+	promLabels := prometheus.Labels{}
+	maps.Copy(promLabels, labels)
+
+	metric, err := adminMetrics.requestErrors.GetMetricWith(promLabels)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	pb := &dto.Metric{}
+	metric.Write(pb)
+	return pb.GetCounter().GetValue()
+}
+
+type mockRouter struct {
+	routes []AdminRoute
+}
+
+func (m mockRouter) Routes() []AdminRoute {
+	return m.routes
+}
+
+type mockModule struct {
+	mockRouter
+}
+
+func (m *mockModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
+	return ModuleInfo{
+		ID: "admin.api.mock",
+		New: func() Module {
+			mm := &mockModule{
+				mockRouter: mockRouter{
+					routes: m.routes,
+				},
+			}
+			return mm
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewAdminHandlerRouterRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
+	maps.Copy(originalModules, modules)
+	defer func() {
+		modules = originalModules
+	}()
+
+	mockRoute := AdminRoute{
+		Pattern: "/mock",
+		Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			return nil
+		}),
+	}
+
+	mock := &mockModule{
+		mockRouter: mockRouter{
+			routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
+		},
+	}
+	RegisterModule(mock)
+
+	addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	admin := &AdminConfig{
+		EnforceOrigin: false,
+	}
+	handler := admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/mock", nil)
+	req.Host = "localhost:2019"
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Errorf("Expected status code %d but got %d", http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+		t.Logf("Response body: %s", rr.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	if len(admin.routers) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 router to be stored, got %d", len(admin.routers))
+	}
+}
+
+type mockProvisionableRouter struct {
+	mockRouter
+	provisionErr error
+	provisioned  bool
+}
+
+func (m *mockProvisionableRouter) Provision(Context) error {
+	m.provisioned = true
+	return m.provisionErr
+}
+
+type mockProvisionableModule struct {
+	*mockProvisionableRouter
+}
+
+func (m *mockProvisionableModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
+	return ModuleInfo{
+		ID: "admin.api.mock_provision",
+		New: func() Module {
+			mm := &mockProvisionableModule{
+				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
+					mockRouter:   m.mockRouter,
+					provisionErr: m.provisionErr,
+				},
+			}
+			return mm
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminRouterProvisioning(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		provisionErr error
+		wantErr      bool
+		routersAfter int // expected number of routers after provisioning
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "successful provisioning",
+			provisionErr: nil,
+			wantErr:      false,
+			routersAfter: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "provisioning error",
+			provisionErr: fmt.Errorf("provision failed"),
+			wantErr:      true,
+			routersAfter: 1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
+			maps.Copy(originalModules, modules)
+			defer func() {
+				modules = originalModules
+			}()
+
+			mockRoute := AdminRoute{
+				Pattern: "/mock",
+				Handler: AdminHandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+					return nil
+				}),
+			}
+
+			// Create provisionable module
+			mock := &mockProvisionableModule{
+				mockProvisionableRouter: &mockProvisionableRouter{
+					mockRouter: mockRouter{
+						routes: []AdminRoute{mockRoute},
+					},
+					provisionErr: test.provisionErr,
+				},
+			}
+			RegisterModule(mock)
+
+			admin := &AdminConfig{}
+			addr, err := ParseNetworkAddress("localhost:2019")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_ = admin.newAdminHandler(addr, false, Context{})
+			err = admin.provisionAdminRouters(Context{})
+
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(admin.routers) != test.routersAfter {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d routers after provisioning, got %d", test.routersAfter, len(admin.routers))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowedOriginsUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// see comment in allowedOrigins() as to why we do not fill out allowed origins for UDS
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		addr          NetworkAddress
+		origins       []string
+		expectOrigins []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "unix socket with default origins",
+			addr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "unix",
+				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
+			},
+			origins:       nil, // default origins
+			expectOrigins: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unix socket with custom origins",
+			addr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network: "unix",
+				Host:    "/tmp/caddy.sock",
+			},
+			origins: []string{"example.com"},
+			expectOrigins: []string{
+				"example.com",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tcp socket on localhost gets all loopback addresses",
+			addr: NetworkAddress{
+				Network:   "tcp",
+				Host:      "localhost",
+				StartPort: 2019,
+				EndPort:   2019,
+			},
+			origins: nil,
+			expectOrigins: []string{
+				"localhost:2019",
+				"[::1]:2019",
+				"127.0.0.1:2019",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			admin := AdminConfig{
+				Origins: test.origins,
+			}
+
+			got := admin.allowedOrigins(test.addr)
+
+			var gotOrigins []string
+			for _, u := range got {
+				gotOrigins = append(gotOrigins, u.Host)
+			}
+
+			if len(gotOrigins) != len(test.expectOrigins) {
+				t.Errorf("%d: Expected %d origins but got %d", i, len(test.expectOrigins), len(gotOrigins))
+				return
+			}
+
+			expectMap := make(map[string]struct{})
+			for _, origin := range test.expectOrigins {
+				expectMap[origin] = struct{}{}
+			}
+
+			gotMap := make(map[string]struct{})
+			for _, origin := range gotOrigins {
+				gotMap[origin] = struct{}{}
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(expectMap, gotMap) {
+				t.Errorf("%d: Origins mismatch.\nExpected: %v\nGot: %v", i, test.expectOrigins, gotOrigins)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReplaceRemoteAdminServer(t *testing.T) {
+	const testCert = `MIIDCTCCAfGgAwIBAgIUXsqJ1mY8pKlHQtI3HJ23x2eZPqwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL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`
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		cfg     *Config
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "nil config",
+			cfg:     nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil admin config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: nil,
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil remote config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid listen address",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
+						Listen: "invalid:address",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
+					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
+						Listen: "localhost:2021",
+						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
+							{
+								PublicKeys:  []string{testCert},
+								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid certificate",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{},
+					Remote: &RemoteAdmin{
+						Listen: "localhost:2021",
+						AccessControl: []*AdminAccess{
+							{
+								PublicKeys:  []string{"invalid-cert-data"},
+								Permissions: []AdminPermissions{{Methods: []string{"GET"}, Paths: []string{"/test"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := Context{
+				Context: context.Background(),
+				cfg:     test.cfg,
+			}
+
+			if test.cfg != nil {
+				test.cfg.storage = &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
+			}
+
+			if test.cfg != nil && test.cfg.Admin != nil && test.cfg.Admin.Identity != nil {
+				identityCertCache = certmagic.NewCache(certmagic.CacheOptions{
+					GetConfigForCert: func(certmagic.Certificate) (*certmagic.Config, error) {
+						return &certmagic.Config{}, nil
+					},
+				})
+			}
+
+			err := replaceRemoteAdminServer(ctx, test.cfg)
+
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Clean up
+			if remoteAdminServer != nil {
+				_ = stopAdminServer(remoteAdminServer)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type mockIssuer struct {
+	configSet *certmagic.Config
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuer) Issue(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*certmagic.IssuedCertificate, error) {
+	return &certmagic.IssuedCertificate{
+		Certificate: []byte(csr.Raw),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuer) SetConfig(cfg *certmagic.Config) {
+	m.configSet = cfg
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuer) IssuerKey() string {
+	return "mock"
+}
+
+type mockIssuerModule struct {
+	*mockIssuer
+}
+
+func (m *mockIssuerModule) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
+	return ModuleInfo{
+		ID: "tls.issuance.acme",
+		New: func() Module {
+			return &mockIssuerModule{mockIssuer: new(mockIssuer)}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManageIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	originalModules := make(map[string]ModuleInfo)
+	maps.Copy(originalModules, modules)
+	defer func() {
+		modules = originalModules
+	}()
+
+	RegisterModule(&mockIssuerModule{})
+
+	certPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----`)
+
+	keyPEM := []byte(`-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDRS0LmTwUT0iwP
+...
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----`)
+
+	testStorage := certmagic.FileStorage{Path: t.TempDir()}
+	err := testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.crt", certPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = testStorage.Store(context.Background(), "localhost/localhost.key", keyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		cfg        *Config
+		wantErr    bool
+		checkState func(*testing.T, *Config)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "nil config",
+			cfg:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil admin config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: nil,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil identity config",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "default issuer when none specified",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
+						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
+					},
+				},
+				storage: &testStorage,
+			},
+			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
+				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) == 0 {
+					t.Error("Expected at least 1 issuer to be configured")
+					return
+				}
+				if _, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule); !ok {
+					t.Error("Expected mock issuer to be configured")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "custom issuer",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
+						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
+						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
+							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "acme"}`),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				storage: &certmagic.FileStorage{Path: "testdata"},
+			},
+			checkState: func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
+				if len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers) != 1 {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected 1 issuer, got %d", len(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers))
+				}
+				mockIss, ok := cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers[0].(*mockIssuerModule)
+				if !ok {
+					t.Fatal("Expected mock issuer")
+				}
+				if mockIss.configSet == nil {
+					t.Error("Issuer config was not set")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid issuer module",
+			cfg: &Config{
+				Admin: &AdminConfig{
+					Identity: &IdentityConfig{
+						Identifiers: []string{"localhost"},
+						IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
+							json.RawMessage(`{"module": "doesnt_exist"}`),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if identityCertCache != nil {
+				// Reset the cert cache before each test
+				identityCertCache.Stop()
+				identityCertCache = nil
+			}
+
+			ctx := Context{
+				Context:         context.Background(),
+				cfg:             test.cfg,
+				moduleInstances: make(map[string][]Module),
+			}
+
+			err := manageIdentity(ctx, test.cfg)
+
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Error("Expected error but got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected no error but got: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if test.checkState != nil {
+				test.checkState(t, test.cfg)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

caddy.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal/filesystems"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/notify"
 )
 
@@ -79,10 +81,17 @@ type Config struct {
 	// associated value.
 	AppsRaw ModuleMap `json:"apps,omitempty" caddy:"namespace="`
 
-	apps    map[string]App
-	storage certmagic.Storage
+	apps map[string]App
+
+	// failedApps is a map of apps that failed to provision with their underlying error.
+	failedApps   map[string]error
+	storage      certmagic.Storage
+	eventEmitter eventEmitter
 
 	cancelFunc context.CancelFunc
+
+	// fileSystems is a dict of fileSystems that will later be loaded from and added to.
+	fileSystems FileSystems
 }
 
 // App is a thing that Caddy runs.
@@ -392,6 +401,78 @@ func unsyncedDecodeAndRun(cfgJSON []byte, allowPersist bool) error {
 // will want to use Run instead, which also
 // updates the config's raw state.
 func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
+	ctx, err := provisionContext(newCfg, start)
+	if err != nil {
+		globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
+		return ctx, err
+	}
+
+	if !start {
+		return ctx, nil
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		// if newCfg fails to start completely, clean up the already provisioned modules
+		// partially copied from provisionContext
+		if err != nil {
+			globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
+			ctx.cfg.cancelFunc()
+
+			if currentCtx.cfg != nil {
+				certmagic.Default.Storage = currentCtx.cfg.storage
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Provision any admin routers which may need to access
+	// some of the other apps at runtime
+	err = ctx.cfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ctx, err
+	}
+
+	// Start
+	err = func() error {
+		started := make([]string, 0, len(ctx.cfg.apps))
+		for name, a := range ctx.cfg.apps {
+			err := a.Start()
+			if err != nil {
+				// an app failed to start, so we need to stop
+				// all other apps that were already started
+				for _, otherAppName := range started {
+					err2 := ctx.cfg.apps[otherAppName].Stop()
+					if err2 != nil {
+						err = fmt.Errorf("%v; additionally, aborting app %s: %v",
+							err, otherAppName, err2)
+					}
+				}
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s app module: start: %v", name, err)
+			}
+			started = append(started, name)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ctx, err
+	}
+	globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(1)
+	globalMetrics.configSuccessTime.SetToCurrentTime()
+
+	// TODO: This event is experimental and subject to change.
+	ctx.emitEvent("started", nil)
+
+	// now that the user's config is running, finish setting up anything else,
+	// such as remote admin endpoint, config loader, etc.
+	err = finishSettingUp(ctx, ctx.cfg)
+	return ctx, err
+}
+
+// provisionContext creates a new context from the given configuration and provisions
+// storage and apps.
+// If `newCfg` is nil a new empty configuration will be created.
+// If `replaceAdminServer` is true any currently active admin server will be replaced
+// with a new admin server based on the provided configuration.
+func provisionContext(newCfg *Config, replaceAdminServer bool) (Context, error) {
 	// because we will need to roll back any state
 	// modifications if this function errors, we
 	// keep a single error value and scope all
@@ -414,6 +495,7 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 	ctx, cancel := NewContext(Context{Context: context.Background(), cfg: newCfg})
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
+			globalMetrics.configSuccess.Set(0)
 			// if there were any errors during startup,
 			// we should cancel the new context we created
 			// since the associated config won't be used;
@@ -438,16 +520,12 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		return ctx, err
 	}
 
-	// start the admin endpoint (and stop any prior one)
-	if start {
-		err = replaceLocalAdminServer(newCfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return ctx, fmt.Errorf("starting caddy administration endpoint: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
+	// create the new filesystem map
+	newCfg.fileSystems = &filesystems.FileSystemMap{}
 
 	// prepare the new config for use
 	newCfg.apps = make(map[string]App)
+	newCfg.failedApps = make(map[string]error)
 
 	// set up global storage and make it CertMagic's default storage, too
 	err = func() error {
@@ -474,6 +552,14 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		return ctx, err
 	}
 
+	// start the admin endpoint (and stop any prior one)
+	if replaceAdminServer {
+		err = replaceLocalAdminServer(newCfg, ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ctx, fmt.Errorf("starting caddy administration endpoint: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Load and Provision each app and their submodules
 	err = func() error {
 		for appName := range newCfg.AppsRaw {
@@ -483,49 +569,16 @@ func run(newCfg *Config, start bool) (Context, error) {
 		}
 		return nil
 	}()
-	if err != nil {
-		return ctx, err
-	}
+	return ctx, err
+}
 
-	if !start {
-		return ctx, nil
-	}
-
-	// Provision any admin routers which may need to access
-	// some of the other apps at runtime
-	err = newCfg.Admin.provisionAdminRouters(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ctx, err
-	}
-
-	// Start
-	err = func() error {
-		started := make([]string, 0, len(newCfg.apps))
-		for name, a := range newCfg.apps {
-			err := a.Start()
-			if err != nil {
-				// an app failed to start, so we need to stop
-				// all other apps that were already started
-				for _, otherAppName := range started {
-					err2 := newCfg.apps[otherAppName].Stop()
-					if err2 != nil {
-						err = fmt.Errorf("%v; additionally, aborting app %s: %v",
-							err, otherAppName, err2)
-					}
-				}
-				return fmt.Errorf("%s app module: start: %v", name, err)
-			}
-			started = append(started, name)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}()
-	if err != nil {
-		return ctx, err
-	}
-
-	// now that the user's config is running, finish setting up anything else,
-	// such as remote admin endpoint, config loader, etc.
-	return ctx, finishSettingUp(ctx, newCfg)
+// ProvisionContext creates a new context from the configuration and provisions storage
+// and app modules.
+// The function is intended for testing and advanced use cases only, typically `Run` should be
+// use to ensure a fully functional caddy instance.
+// EXPERIMENTAL: While this is public the interface and implementation details of this function may change.
+func ProvisionContext(newCfg *Config) (Context, error) {
+	return provisionContext(newCfg, false)
 }
 
 // finishSettingUp should be run after all apps have successfully started.
@@ -664,6 +717,9 @@ func unsyncedStop(ctx Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// TODO: This event is experimental and subject to change.
+	ctx.emitEvent("stopping", nil)
+
 	// stop each app
 	for name, a := range ctx.cfg.apps {
 		err := a.Stop()
@@ -693,8 +749,10 @@ func Validate(cfg *Config) error {
 // Errors are logged along the way, and an appropriate exit
 // code is emitted.
 func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
-	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting
-	atomic.StoreInt32(exiting, 1)
+	// let the rest of the program know we're quitting; only do it once
+	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(exiting, 0, 1) {
+		return
+	}
 
 	// give the OS or service/process manager our 2 weeks' notice: we quit
 	if err := notify.Stopping(); err != nil {
@@ -707,6 +765,7 @@ func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
 	logger.Warn("exiting; byeee!! 👋")
 
 	exitCode := ExitCodeSuccess
+	lastContext := ActiveContext()
 
 	// stop all apps
 	if err := Stop(); err != nil {
@@ -728,6 +787,16 @@ func exitProcess(ctx context.Context, logger *zap.Logger) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// execute any process-exit callbacks
+	for _, exitFunc := range lastContext.exitFuncs {
+		exitFunc(ctx)
+	}
+	exitFuncsMu.Lock()
+	for _, exitFunc := range exitFuncs {
+		exitFunc(ctx)
+	}
+	exitFuncsMu.Unlock()
+
 	// shut down admin endpoint(s) in goroutines so that
 	// if this function was called from an admin handler,
 	// it has a chance to return gracefully
@@ -766,6 +835,23 @@ var exiting = new(int32) // accessed atomically
 // EXPERIMENTAL API: subject to change or removal.
 func Exiting() bool { return atomic.LoadInt32(exiting) == 1 }
 
+// OnExit registers a callback to invoke during process exit.
+// This registration is PROCESS-GLOBAL, meaning that each
+// function should only be registered once forever, NOT once
+// per config load (etc).
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL API: subject to change or removal.
+func OnExit(f func(context.Context)) {
+	exitFuncsMu.Lock()
+	exitFuncs = append(exitFuncs, f)
+	exitFuncsMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+var (
+	exitFuncs   []func(context.Context)
+	exitFuncsMu sync.Mutex
+)
+
 // Duration can be an integer or a string. An integer is
 // interpreted as nanoseconds. If a string, it is a Go
 // time.Duration value such as `300ms`, `1.5h`, or `2h45m`;
@@ -825,13 +911,18 @@ func ParseDuration(s string) (time.Duration, error) {
 // regardless of storage configuration, since each instance is intended to
 // have its own unique ID.
 func InstanceID() (uuid.UUID, error) {
-	uuidFilePath := filepath.Join(AppDataDir(), "instance.uuid")
+	appDataDir := AppDataDir()
+	uuidFilePath := filepath.Join(appDataDir, "instance.uuid")
 	uuidFileBytes, err := os.ReadFile(uuidFilePath)
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 		uuid, err := uuid.NewRandom()
 		if err != nil {
 			return uuid, err
 		}
+		err = os.MkdirAll(appDataDir, 0o700)
+		if err != nil {
+			return uuid, err
+		}
 		err = os.WriteFile(uuidFilePath, []byte(uuid.String()), 0o600)
 		return uuid, err
 	} else if err != nil {
@@ -884,11 +975,11 @@ func Version() (simple, full string) {
 		if CustomVersion != "" {
 			full = CustomVersion
 			simple = CustomVersion
-			return
+			return simple, full
 		}
 		full = "unknown"
 		simple = "unknown"
-		return
+		return simple, full
 	}
 	// find the Caddy module in the dependency list
 	for _, dep := range bi.Deps {
@@ -968,9 +1059,101 @@ func Version() (simple, full string) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return
+	return simple, full
 }
 
+// Event represents something that has happened or is happening.
+// An Event value is not synchronized, so it should be copied if
+// being used in goroutines.
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL: Events are subject to change.
+type Event struct {
+	// If non-nil, the event has been aborted, meaning
+	// propagation has stopped to other handlers and
+	// the code should stop what it was doing. Emitters
+	// may choose to use this as a signal to adjust their
+	// code path appropriately.
+	Aborted error
+
+	// The data associated with the event. Usually the
+	// original emitter will be the only one to set or
+	// change these values, but the field is exported
+	// so handlers can have full access if needed.
+	// However, this map is not synchronized, so
+	// handlers must not use this map directly in new
+	// goroutines; instead, copy the map to use it in a
+	// goroutine. Data may be nil.
+	Data map[string]any
+
+	id     uuid.UUID
+	ts     time.Time
+	name   string
+	origin Module
+}
+
+// NewEvent creates a new event, but does not emit the event. To emit an
+// event, call Emit() on the current instance of the caddyevents app insteaad.
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
+func NewEvent(ctx Context, name string, data map[string]any) (Event, error) {
+	id, err := uuid.NewRandom()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Event{}, fmt.Errorf("generating new event ID: %v", err)
+	}
+	name = strings.ToLower(name)
+	return Event{
+		Data:   data,
+		id:     id,
+		ts:     time.Now(),
+		name:   name,
+		origin: ctx.Module(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (e Event) ID() uuid.UUID        { return e.id }
+func (e Event) Timestamp() time.Time { return e.ts }
+func (e Event) Name() string         { return e.name }
+func (e Event) Origin() Module       { return e.origin } // Returns the module that originated the event. May be nil, usually if caddy core emits the event.
+
+// CloudEvent exports event e as a structure that, when
+// serialized as JSON, is compatible with the
+// CloudEvents spec.
+func (e Event) CloudEvent() CloudEvent {
+	dataJSON, _ := json.Marshal(e.Data)
+	var source string
+	if e.Origin() == nil {
+		source = "caddy"
+	} else {
+		source = string(e.Origin().CaddyModule().ID)
+	}
+	return CloudEvent{
+		ID:              e.id.String(),
+		Source:          source,
+		SpecVersion:     "1.0",
+		Type:            e.name,
+		Time:            e.ts,
+		DataContentType: "application/json",
+		Data:            dataJSON,
+	}
+}
+
+// CloudEvent is a JSON-serializable structure that
+// is compatible with the CloudEvents specification.
+// See https://cloudevents.io.
+// EXPERIMENTAL: Subject to change.
+type CloudEvent struct {
+	ID              string          `json:"id"`
+	Source          string          `json:"source"`
+	SpecVersion     string          `json:"specversion"`
+	Type            string          `json:"type"`
+	Time            time.Time       `json:"time"`
+	DataContentType string          `json:"datacontenttype,omitempty"`
+	Data            json.RawMessage `json:"data,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ErrEventAborted cancels an event.
+var ErrEventAborted = errors.New("event aborted")
+
 // ActiveContext returns the currently-active context.
 // This function is experimental and might be changed
 // or removed in the future.
@@ -1014,6 +1197,91 @@ var (
 	rawCfgMu sync.RWMutex
 )
 
+// lastConfigFile and lastConfigAdapter remember the source config
+// file and adapter used when Caddy was started via the CLI "run" command.
+// These are consulted by the SIGUSR1 handler to attempt reloading from
+// the same source. They are intentionally not set for other entrypoints
+// such as "caddy start" or subcommands like file-server.
+var (
+	lastConfigMu      sync.RWMutex
+	lastConfigFile    string
+	lastConfigAdapter string
+)
+
+// reloadFromSourceFunc is the type of stored callback
+// which is called when we receive a SIGUSR1 signal.
+type reloadFromSourceFunc func(file, adapter string) error
+
+// reloadFromSourceCallback is the stored callback
+// which is called when we receive a SIGUSR1 signal.
+var reloadFromSourceCallback reloadFromSourceFunc
+
+// errReloadFromSourceUnavailable is returned when no reload-from-source callback is set.
+var errReloadFromSourceUnavailable = errors.New("reload from source unavailable in this process") //nolint:unused
+
+// SetLastConfig records the given source file and adapter as the
+// last-known external configuration source. Intended to be called
+// only when starting via "caddy run --config <file> --adapter <adapter>".
+func SetLastConfig(file, adapter string, fn reloadFromSourceFunc) {
+	lastConfigMu.Lock()
+	lastConfigFile = file
+	lastConfigAdapter = adapter
+	reloadFromSourceCallback = fn
+	lastConfigMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// ClearLastConfigIfDifferent clears the recorded last-config if the provided
+// source file/adapter do not match the recorded last-config. If both srcFile
+// and srcAdapter are empty, the last-config is cleared.
+func ClearLastConfigIfDifferent(srcFile, srcAdapter string) {
+	if (srcFile != "" || srcAdapter != "") && lastConfigMatches(srcFile, srcAdapter) {
+		return
+	}
+	SetLastConfig("", "", nil)
+}
+
+// getLastConfig returns the last-known config file and adapter.
+func getLastConfig() (file, adapter string, fn reloadFromSourceFunc) {
+	lastConfigMu.RLock()
+	f, a, cb := lastConfigFile, lastConfigAdapter, reloadFromSourceCallback
+	lastConfigMu.RUnlock()
+	return f, a, cb
+}
+
+// lastConfigMatches returns true if the provided source file and/or adapter
+// matches the recorded last-config. Matching rules (in priority order):
+//  1. If srcAdapter is provided and differs from the recorded adapter, no match.
+//  2. If srcFile exactly equals the recorded file, match.
+//  3. If both sides can be made absolute and equal, match.
+//  4. If basenames are equal, match.
+func lastConfigMatches(srcFile, srcAdapter string) bool {
+	lf, la, _ := getLastConfig()
+
+	// If adapter is provided, it must match.
+	if srcAdapter != "" && srcAdapter != la {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Quick equality check.
+	if srcFile == lf {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Try absolute path comparison.
+	sAbs, sErr := filepath.Abs(srcFile)
+	lAbs, lErr := filepath.Abs(lf)
+	if sErr == nil && lErr == nil && sAbs == lAbs {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Final fallback: basename equality.
+	if filepath.Base(srcFile) == filepath.Base(lf) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 // errSameConfig is returned if the new config is the same
 // as the old one. This isn't usually an actual, actionable
 // error; it's mostly a sentinel value.

caddy_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package caddy
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -72,3 +73,21 @@ func TestParseDuration(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEvent_CloudEvent_NilOrigin(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := NewContext(Context{Context: context.Background()}) // module will be nil by default
+	event, err := NewEvent(ctx, "started", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewEvent() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// This should not panic
+	ce := event.CloudEvent()
+
+	if ce.Source != "caddy" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected CloudEvent Source to be 'caddy', got '%s'", ce.Source)
+	}
+	if ce.Type != "started" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected CloudEvent Type to be 'started', got '%s'", ce.Type)
+	}
+}

caddyconfig/caddyfile/adapter.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconf
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
 
-	// lint check: see if input was properly formatted; sometimes messy files files parse
+	// lint check: see if input was properly formatted; sometimes messy files parse
 	// successfully but result in logical errors (the Caddyfile is a bad format, I'm sorry)
 	if warning, different := FormattingDifference(filename, body); different {
 		warnings = append(warnings, warning)
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconf
 // TODO: also perform this check on imported files
 func FormattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bool) {
 	// replace windows-style newlines to normalize comparison
-	normalizedBody := bytes.Replace(body, []byte("\r\n"), []byte("\n"), -1)
+	normalizedBody := bytes.ReplaceAll(body, []byte("\r\n"), []byte("\n"))
 
 	formatted := Format(normalizedBody)
 	if bytes.Equal(formatted, normalizedBody) {
@@ -92,30 +92,26 @@ func FormattingDifference(filename string, body []byte) (caddyconfig.Warning, bo
 	}, true
 }
 
-// Unmarshaler is a type that can unmarshal
-// Caddyfile tokens to set itself up for a
-// JSON encoding. The goal of an unmarshaler
-// is not to set itself up for actual use,
-// but to set itself up for being marshaled
-// into JSON. Caddyfile-unmarshaled values
-// will not be used directly; they will be
-// encoded as JSON and then used from that.
-// Implementations must be able to support
-// multiple segments (instances of their
-// directive or batch of tokens); typically
-// this means wrapping all token logic in
-// a loop: `for d.Next() { ... }`.
+// Unmarshaler is a type that can unmarshal Caddyfile tokens to
+// set itself up for a JSON encoding. The goal of an unmarshaler
+// is not to set itself up for actual use, but to set itself up for
+// being marshaled into JSON. Caddyfile-unmarshaled values will not
+// be used directly; they will be encoded as JSON and then used from
+// that. Implementations _may_ be able to support multiple segments
+// (instances of their directive or batch of tokens); typically this
+// means wrapping parsing logic in a loop: `for d.Next() { ... }`.
+// More commonly, only a single segment is supported, so a simple
+// `d.Next()` at the start should be used to consume the module
+// identifier token (directive name, etc).
 type Unmarshaler interface {
 	UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *Dispenser) error
 }
 
 // ServerType is a type that can evaluate a Caddyfile and set up a caddy config.
 type ServerType interface {
-	// Setup takes the server blocks which
-	// contain tokens, as well as options
-	// (e.g. CLI flags) and creates a Caddy
-	// config, along with any warnings or
-	// an error.
+	// Setup takes the server blocks which contain tokens,
+	// as well as options (e.g. CLI flags) and creates a
+	// Caddy config, along with any warnings or an error.
 	Setup([]ServerBlock, map[string]any) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error)
 }
 

caddyconfig/caddyfile/dispenser.go

@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ type Dispenser struct {
 	tokens  []Token
 	cursor  int
 	nesting int
+
+	// A map of arbitrary context data that can be used
+	// to pass through some information to unmarshalers.
+	context map[string]any
 }
 
 // NewDispenser returns a Dispenser filled with the given tokens.
@@ -304,9 +308,9 @@ func (d *Dispenser) CountRemainingArgs() int {
 }
 
 // RemainingArgs loads any more arguments (tokens on the same line)
-// into a slice and returns them. Open curly brace tokens also indicate
-// the end of arguments, and the curly brace is not included in
-// the return value nor is it loaded.
+// into a slice of strings and returns them. Open curly brace tokens
+// also indicate the end of arguments, and the curly brace is not
+// included in the return value nor is it loaded.
 func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgs() []string {
 	var args []string
 	for d.NextArg() {
@@ -316,9 +320,9 @@ func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgs() []string {
 }
 
 // RemainingArgsRaw loads any more arguments (tokens on the same line,
-// retaining quotes) into a slice and returns them. Open curly brace
-// tokens also indicate the end of arguments, and the curly brace is
-// not included in the return value nor is it loaded.
+// retaining quotes) into a slice of strings and returns them.
+// Open curly brace tokens also indicate the end of arguments,
+// and the curly brace is not included in the return value nor is it loaded.
 func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgsRaw() []string {
 	var args []string
 	for d.NextArg() {
@@ -327,6 +331,18 @@ func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgsRaw() []string {
 	return args
 }
 
+// RemainingArgsAsTokens loads any more arguments (tokens on the same line)
+// into a slice of Token-structs and returns them. Open curly brace tokens
+// also indicate the end of arguments, and the curly brace is not included
+// in the return value nor is it loaded.
+func (d *Dispenser) RemainingArgsAsTokens() []Token {
+	var args []Token
+	for d.NextArg() {
+		args = append(args, d.Token())
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
 // NewFromNextSegment returns a new dispenser with a copy of
 // the tokens from the current token until the end of the
 // "directive" whether that be to the end of the line or
@@ -411,7 +427,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) EOFErr() error {
 
 // Err generates a custom parse-time error with a message of msg.
 func (d *Dispenser) Err(msg string) error {
-	return d.Errf(msg)
+	return d.WrapErr(errors.New(msg))
 }
 
 // Errf is like Err, but for formatted error messages
@@ -454,6 +470,34 @@ func (d *Dispenser) DeleteN(amount int) []Token {
 	return d.tokens
 }
 
+// SetContext sets a key-value pair in the context map.
+func (d *Dispenser) SetContext(key string, value any) {
+	if d.context == nil {
+		d.context = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+	d.context[key] = value
+}
+
+// GetContext gets the value of a key in the context map.
+func (d *Dispenser) GetContext(key string) any {
+	if d.context == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return d.context[key]
+}
+
+// GetContextString gets the value of a key in the context map
+// as a string, or an empty string if the key does not exist.
+func (d *Dispenser) GetContextString(key string) string {
+	if d.context == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if val, ok := d.context[key].(string); ok {
+		return val
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // isNewLine determines whether the current token is on a different
 // line (higher line number) than the previous token. It handles imported
 // tokens correctly. If there isn't a previous token, it returns true.
@@ -485,3 +529,5 @@ func (d *Dispenser) isNextOnNewLine() bool {
 	next := d.tokens[d.cursor+1]
 	return isNextOnNewLine(curr, next)
 }
+
+const MatcherNameCtxKey = "matcher_name"

caddyconfig/caddyfile/dispenser_test.go

@@ -274,6 +274,66 @@ func TestDispenser_RemainingArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDispenser_RemainingArgsAsTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `dir1 arg1 arg2 arg3
+			  dir2 arg4 arg5
+			  dir3 arg6 { arg7
+			  dir4`
+	d := NewTestDispenser(input)
+
+	d.Next() // dir1
+
+	args := d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
+
+	tokenTexts := make([]string, 0, len(args))
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
+	}
+
+	if expected := []string{"arg1", "arg2", "arg3"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(tokenTexts, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", expected, tokenTexts)
+	}
+
+	d.Next() // dir2
+
+	args = d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
+
+	tokenTexts = tokenTexts[:0]
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
+	}
+
+	if expected := []string{"arg4", "arg5"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(tokenTexts, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", expected, tokenTexts)
+	}
+
+	d.Next() // dir3
+
+	args = d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
+	tokenTexts = tokenTexts[:0]
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
+	}
+
+	if expected := []string{"arg6"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(tokenTexts, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", expected, tokenTexts)
+	}
+
+	d.Next() // {
+	d.Next() // arg7
+	d.Next() // dir4
+
+	args = d.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
+	tokenTexts = tokenTexts[:0]
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		tokenTexts = append(tokenTexts, arg.Text)
+	}
+
+	if len(args) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("RemainingArgsAsTokens(): Expected %v, got %v", []string{}, tokenTexts)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDispenser_ArgErr_Err(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `dir1 {
 			  }
@@ -305,7 +365,7 @@ func TestDispenser_ArgErr_Err(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected error message with custom message in it ('foobar'); got '%v'", err)
 	}
 
-	var ErrBarIsFull = errors.New("bar is full")
+	ErrBarIsFull := errors.New("bar is full")
 	bookingError := d.Errf("unable to reserve: %w", ErrBarIsFull)
 	if !errors.Is(bookingError, ErrBarIsFull) {
 		t.Errorf("Errf(): should be able to unwrap the error chain")

caddyconfig/caddyfile/formatter.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package caddyfile
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 )
 
@@ -31,6 +33,14 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 	out := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	rdr := bytes.NewReader(input)
 
+	type heredocState int
+
+	const (
+		heredocClosed  heredocState = 0
+		heredocOpening heredocState = 1
+		heredocOpened  heredocState = 2
+	)
+
 	var (
 		last rune // the last character that was written to the result
 
@@ -43,9 +53,14 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 
 		newLines int // count of newlines consumed
 
-		comment bool // whether we're in a comment
-		quoted  bool // whether we're in a quoted segment
-		escaped bool // whether current char is escaped
+		comment bool   // whether we're in a comment
+		quotes  string // encountered quotes ('', '`', '"', '"`', '`"')
+		escaped bool   // whether current char is escaped
+
+		heredoc              heredocState // whether we're in a heredoc
+		heredocEscaped       bool         // whether heredoc is escaped
+		heredocMarker        []rune
+		heredocClosingMarker []rune
 
 		nesting int // indentation level
 	)
@@ -74,6 +89,61 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			}
 			panic(err)
 		}
+		// detect whether we have the start of a heredoc
+		if quotes == "" && (heredoc == heredocClosed && !heredocEscaped) &&
+			space && last == '<' && ch == '<' {
+			write(ch)
+			heredoc = heredocOpening
+			space = false
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if heredoc == heredocOpening {
+			if ch == '\n' {
+				if len(heredocMarker) > 0 && heredocMarkerRegexp.MatchString(string(heredocMarker)) {
+					heredoc = heredocOpened
+				} else {
+					heredocMarker = nil
+					heredoc = heredocClosed
+					nextLine()
+					continue
+				}
+				write(ch)
+				continue
+			}
+			if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
+				// a space means it's just a regular token and not a heredoc
+				heredocMarker = nil
+				heredoc = heredocClosed
+			} else {
+				heredocMarker = append(heredocMarker, ch)
+				write(ch)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		// if we're in a heredoc, all characters are read&write as-is
+		if heredoc == heredocOpened {
+			heredocClosingMarker = append(heredocClosingMarker, ch)
+			if len(heredocClosingMarker) > len(heredocMarker)+1 { // We assert that the heredocClosingMarker is followed by a unicode.Space
+				heredocClosingMarker = heredocClosingMarker[1:]
+			}
+			// check if we're done
+			if unicode.IsSpace(ch) && slices.Equal(heredocClosingMarker[:len(heredocClosingMarker)-1], heredocMarker) {
+				heredocMarker = nil
+				heredocClosingMarker = nil
+				heredoc = heredocClosed
+			} else {
+				write(ch)
+				if ch == '\n' {
+					heredocClosingMarker = heredocClosingMarker[:0]
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		if last == '<' && space {
+			space = false
+		}
 
 		if comment {
 			if ch == '\n' {
@@ -98,25 +168,60 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		}
 
 		if escaped {
+			if ch == '<' {
+				heredocEscaped = true
+			}
 			write(ch)
 			escaped = false
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if quoted {
+		if ch == '`' {
+			switch quotes {
+			case "\"`":
+				quotes = "\""
+			case "`":
+				quotes = ""
+			case "\"":
+				quotes = "\"`"
+			default:
+				quotes = "`"
+			}
+		}
+
+		if quotes == "\"" {
 			if ch == '"' {
-				quoted = false
+				quotes = ""
 			}
 			write(ch)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if space && ch == '"' {
-			quoted = true
+		if ch == '"' {
+			switch quotes {
+			case "":
+				if space {
+					quotes = "\""
+				}
+			case "`\"":
+				quotes = "`"
+			case "\"`":
+				quotes = ""
+			}
+		}
+
+		if strings.Contains(quotes, "`") {
+			if ch == '`' && space && !beginningOfLine {
+				write(' ')
+			}
+			write(ch)
+			space = false
+			continue
 		}
 
 		if unicode.IsSpace(ch) {
 			space = true
+			heredocEscaped = false
 			if ch == '\n' {
 				newLines++
 			}
@@ -146,7 +251,7 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			openBrace = false
 			if beginningOfLine {
 				indent()
-			} else if !openBraceSpace {
+			} else if !openBraceSpace || !unicode.IsSpace(last) {
 				write(' ')
 			}
 			write('{')
@@ -162,14 +267,23 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 		switch {
 		case ch == '{':
 			openBrace = true
-			openBraceWritten = false
 			openBraceSpace = spacePrior && !beginningOfLine
-			if openBraceSpace {
+			if openBraceSpace && newLines == 0 {
 				write(' ')
 			}
+			openBraceWritten = false
+			if quotes == "`" {
+				write('{')
+				openBraceWritten = true
+				continue
+			}
 			continue
 
 		case ch == '}' && (spacePrior || !openBrace):
+			if quotes == "`" {
+				write('}')
+				continue
+			}
 			if last != '\n' {
 				nextLine()
 			}
@@ -205,6 +319,11 @@ func Format(input []byte) []byte {
 			write('{')
 			openBraceWritten = true
 		}
+
+		if spacePrior && ch == '<' {
+			space = true
+		}
+
 		write(ch)
 
 		beginningOfLine = false

caddyconfig/caddyfile/formatter_test.go

@@ -364,6 +364,117 @@ block {
 }
 `,
 		},
+		{
+			description: "keep heredoc as-is",
+			input: `block {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC
+	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
+	HEREDOC
+}
+`,
+			expect: `block {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC
+	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
+	HEREDOC
+}
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Mixing heredoc with regular part",
+			input: `block {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC
+	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
+	HEREDOC
+	respond "More than one space will be eaten"     200
+}
+
+block2 {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC
+	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
+	HEREDOC
+	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
+}
+`,
+			expect: `block {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC
+	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
+	HEREDOC
+	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
+}
+
+block2 {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC
+	Here's more than one space       Here's more than one space
+	HEREDOC
+	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
+}
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Heredoc as regular token",
+			input: `block {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC                                 "More than one space will be eaten"
+}
+`,
+			expect: `block {
+	heredoc <<HEREDOC "More than one space will be eaten"
+}
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Escape heredoc",
+			input: `block {
+	heredoc \<<HEREDOC
+	respond "More than one space will be eaten"                           200
+}
+`,
+			expect: `block {
+	heredoc \<<HEREDOC
+	respond "More than one space will be eaten" 200
+}
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Preserve braces wrapped by backquotes",
+			input:       "block {respond `All braces should remain: {{now | date \"2006\"}}`}",
+			expect:      "block {respond `All braces should remain: {{now | date \"2006\"}}`}",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Preserve braces wrapped by quotes",
+			input:       "block {respond \"All braces should remain: {{now | date `2006`}}\"}",
+			expect:      "block {respond \"All braces should remain: {{now | date `2006`}}\"}",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Preserve quoted backticks and backticked quotes",
+			input:       "block { respond \"`\" } block { respond `\"`}",
+			expect:      "block {\n\trespond \"`\"\n}\n\nblock {\n\trespond `\"`\n}",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "No trailing space on line before env variable",
+			input: `{
+	a
+
+	{$ENV_VAR}
+}
+`,
+			expect: `{
+	a
+
+	{$ENV_VAR}
+}
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "issue #7425: multiline backticked string indentation",
+			input: `https://localhost:8953 {
+    respond ` + "`" + `Here are some random numbers:
+
+{{randNumeric 16}}
+
+Hope this helps.` + "`" + `
+}`,
+			expect: "https://localhost:8953 {\n\trespond `Here are some random numbers:\n\n{{randNumeric 16}}\n\nHope this helps.`\n}",
+		},
 	} {
 		// the formatter should output a trailing newline,
 		// even if the tests aren't written to expect that

caddyconfig/caddyfile/importgraph.go

@@ -16,23 +16,24 @@ package caddyfile
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 )
 
 type adjacency map[string][]string
 
 type importGraph struct {
-	nodes map[string]bool
+	nodes map[string]struct{}
 	edges adjacency
 }
 
 func (i *importGraph) addNode(name string) {
 	if i.nodes == nil {
-		i.nodes = make(map[string]bool)
+		i.nodes = make(map[string]struct{})
 	}
 	if _, exists := i.nodes[name]; exists {
 		return
 	}
-	i.nodes[name] = true
+	i.nodes[name] = struct{}{}
 }
 
 func (i *importGraph) addNodes(names []string) {
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ func (i *importGraph) addEdge(from, to string) error {
 	}
 
 	if i.nodes == nil {
-		i.nodes = make(map[string]bool)
+		i.nodes = make(map[string]struct{})
 	}
 	if i.edges == nil {
 		i.edges = make(adjacency)
@@ -91,12 +92,7 @@ func (i *importGraph) areConnected(from, to string) bool {
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
-	for _, v := range al {
-		if v == to {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.Contains(al, to)
 }
 
 func (i *importGraph) willCycle(from, to string) bool {

caddyconfig/caddyfile/lexer.go

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 		}
 
 		// detect whether we have the start of a heredoc
-		if !(quoted || btQuoted) && !(inHeredoc || heredocEscaped) &&
+		if (!quoted && !btQuoted) && (!inHeredoc && !heredocEscaped) &&
 			len(val) > 1 && string(val[:2]) == "<<" {
 			// a space means it's just a regular token and not a heredoc
 			if ch == ' ' {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func (l *lexer) next() (bool, error) {
 			}
 
 			// check if we're done, i.e. that the last few characters are the marker
-			if len(val) > len(heredocMarker) && heredocMarker == string(val[len(val)-len(heredocMarker):]) {
+			if len(val) >= len(heredocMarker) && heredocMarker == string(val[len(val)-len(heredocMarker):]) {
 				// set the final value
 				val, err = l.finalizeHeredoc(val, heredocMarker)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -313,12 +313,18 @@ func (l *lexer) finalizeHeredoc(val []rune, marker string) ([]rune, error) {
 	// iterate over each line and strip the whitespace from the front
 	var out string
 	for lineNum, lineText := range lines[:len(lines)-1] {
+		if lineText == "" || lineText == "\r" {
+			out += "\n"
+			continue
+		}
+
 		// find an exact match for the padding
 		index := strings.Index(lineText, paddingToStrip)
 
 		// if the padding doesn't match exactly at the start then we can't safely strip
 		if index != 0 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<%s on line #%d [%s], expected whitespace [%s] to match the closing marker", marker, l.line+lineNum+1, lineText, paddingToStrip)
+			cleanLineText := strings.TrimRight(lineText, "\r\n")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<%s on line #%d [%s], expected whitespace [%s] to match the closing marker", marker, l.line+lineNum+1, cleanLineText, paddingToStrip)
 		}
 
 		// strip, then append the line, with the newline, to the output.
@@ -335,6 +341,8 @@ func (l *lexer) finalizeHeredoc(val []rune, marker string) ([]rune, error) {
 	return []rune(out), nil
 }
 
+// Quoted returns true if the token was enclosed in quotes
+// (i.e. double quotes, backticks, or heredoc).
 func (t Token) Quoted() bool {
 	return t.wasQuoted > 0
 }
@@ -351,6 +359,19 @@ func (t Token) NumLineBreaks() int {
 	return lineBreaks
 }
 
+// Clone returns a deep copy of the token.
+func (t Token) Clone() Token {
+	return Token{
+		File:          t.File,
+		imports:       append([]string{}, t.imports...),
+		Line:          t.Line,
+		Text:          t.Text,
+		wasQuoted:     t.wasQuoted,
+		heredocMarker: t.heredocMarker,
+		snippetName:   t.snippetName,
+	}
+}
+
 var heredocMarkerRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$")
 
 // isNextOnNewLine tests whether t2 is on a different line from t1

caddyconfig/caddyfile/lexer_test.go

@@ -285,6 +285,18 @@ EOF same-line-arg
 		},
 		{
 			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+EOF
+	HERE same-line-arg
+	`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: `heredoc`},
+				{Line: 1, Text: ``},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `HERE`},
+				{Line: 3, Text: `same-line-arg`},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
 		EOF same-line-arg
 	`),
 			expected: []Token{
@@ -445,6 +457,48 @@ EOF same-line-arg
 			expectErr:    true,
 			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #2 [        content], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
 		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+The next line is a blank line
+
+The previous line is a blank line
+EOF`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: "heredoc"},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "The next line is a blank line\n\nThe previous line is a blank line"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+	One tab indented heredoc with blank next line
+
+	One tab indented heredoc with blank previous line
+	EOF`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: "heredoc"},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "One tab indented heredoc with blank next line\n\nOne tab indented heredoc with blank previous line"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+The next line is a blank line with one tab
+	
+The previous line is a blank line with one tab
+EOF`),
+			expected: []Token{
+				{Line: 1, Text: "heredoc"},
+				{Line: 1, Text: "The next line is a blank line with one tab\n\t\nThe previous line is a blank line with one tab"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: []byte(`heredoc <<EOF
+		The next line is a blank line with one tab less than the correct indentation
+	
+		The previous line is a blank line with one tab less than the correct indentation
+		EOF`),
+			expectErr:    true,
+			errorMessage: "mismatched leading whitespace in heredoc <<EOF on line #3 [\t], expected whitespace [\t\t] to match the closing marker",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for i, testCase := range testCases {

caddyconfig/caddyfile/parse.go

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func Parse(filename string, input []byte) ([]ServerBlock, error) {
 	p := parser{
 		Dispenser: NewDispenser(tokens),
 		importGraph: importGraph{
-			nodes: make(map[string]bool),
+			nodes: make(map[string]struct{}),
 			edges: make(adjacency),
 		},
 	}
@@ -160,14 +160,14 @@ func (p *parser) begin() error {
 	}
 
 	if ok, name := p.isNamedRoute(); ok {
-		// named routes only have one key, the route name
-		p.block.Keys = []string{name}
-		p.block.IsNamedRoute = true
-
 		// we just need a dummy leading token to ease parsing later
 		nameToken := p.Token()
 		nameToken.Text = name
 
+		// named routes only have one key, the route name
+		p.block.Keys = []Token{nameToken}
+		p.block.IsNamedRoute = true
+
 		// get all the tokens from the block, including the braces
 		tokens, err := p.blockTokens(true)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -211,10 +211,16 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 	var expectingAnother bool
 
 	for {
-		tkn := p.Val()
+		value := p.Val()
+		token := p.Token()
 
-		// special case: import directive replaces tokens during parse-time
-		if tkn == "import" && p.isNewLine() {
+		// Reject request matchers if trying to define them globally
+		if strings.HasPrefix(value, "@") {
+			return p.Errf("request matchers may not be defined globally, they must be in a site block; found %s", value)
+		}
+
+		// Special case: import directive replaces tokens during parse-time
+		if value == "import" && p.isNewLine() {
 			err := p.doImport(0)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -223,9 +229,9 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 		}
 
 		// Open brace definitely indicates end of addresses
-		if tkn == "{" {
+		if value == "{" {
 			if expectingAnother {
-				return p.Errf("Expected another address but had '%s' - check for extra comma", tkn)
+				return p.Errf("Expected another address but had '%s' - check for extra comma", value)
 			}
 			// Mark this server block as being defined with braces.
 			// This is used to provide a better error message when
@@ -237,15 +243,15 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 		}
 
 		// Users commonly forget to place a space between the address and the '{'
-		if strings.HasSuffix(tkn, "{") {
-			return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot end with a curly brace: '%s' - put a space between the token and the brace", tkn)
+		if strings.HasSuffix(value, "{") {
+			return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot end with a curly brace: '%s' - put a space between the token and the brace", value)
 		}
 
-		if tkn != "" { // empty token possible if user typed ""
+		if value != "" { // empty token possible if user typed ""
 			// Trailing comma indicates another address will follow, which
 			// may possibly be on the next line
-			if tkn[len(tkn)-1] == ',' {
-				tkn = tkn[:len(tkn)-1]
+			if value[len(value)-1] == ',' {
+				value = value[:len(value)-1]
 				expectingAnother = true
 			} else {
 				expectingAnother = false // but we may still see another one on this line
@@ -254,11 +260,17 @@ func (p *parser) addresses() error {
 			// If there's a comma here, it's probably because they didn't use a space
 			// between their two domains, e.g. "foo.com,bar.com", which would not be
 			// parsed as two separate site addresses.
-			if strings.Contains(tkn, ",") {
-				return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot contain a comma ',': '%s' - put a space after the comma to separate site addresses", tkn)
+			if strings.Contains(value, ",") {
+				return p.Errf("Site addresses cannot contain a comma ',': '%s' - put a space after the comma to separate site addresses", value)
 			}
 
-			p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, tkn)
+			// After the above, a comma surrounded by spaces would result
+			// in an empty token which we should ignore
+			if value != "" {
+				// Add the token as a site address
+				token.Text = value
+				p.block.Keys = append(p.block.Keys, token)
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Advance token and possibly break out of loop or return error
@@ -357,9 +369,40 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 	// set up a replacer for non-variadic args replacement
 	repl := makeArgsReplacer(args)
 
+	// grab all the tokens (if it exists) from within a block that follows the import
+	var blockTokens []Token
+	for currentNesting := p.Nesting(); p.NextBlock(currentNesting); {
+		blockTokens = append(blockTokens, p.Token())
+	}
+	// initialize with size 1
+	blockMapping := make(map[string][]Token, 1)
+	if len(blockTokens) > 0 {
+		// use such tokens to create a new dispenser, and then use it to parse each block
+		bd := NewDispenser(blockTokens)
+
+		// one iteration processes one sub-block inside the import
+		for bd.Next() {
+			currentMappingKey := bd.Val()
+
+			if currentMappingKey == "{" {
+				return p.Err("anonymous blocks are not supported")
+			}
+
+			// load up all arguments (if there even are any)
+			currentMappingTokens := bd.RemainingArgsAsTokens()
+
+			// load up the entire block
+			for mappingNesting := bd.Nesting(); bd.NextBlock(mappingNesting); {
+				currentMappingTokens = append(currentMappingTokens, bd.Token())
+			}
+
+			blockMapping[currentMappingKey] = currentMappingTokens
+		}
+	}
+
 	// splice out the import directive and its arguments
 	// (2 tokens, plus the length of args)
-	tokensBefore := p.tokens[:p.cursor-1-len(args)]
+	tokensBefore := p.tokens[:p.cursor-1-len(args)-len(blockTokens)]
 	tokensAfter := p.tokens[p.cursor+1:]
 	var importedTokens []Token
 	var nodes []string
@@ -375,7 +418,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 		// make path relative to the file of the _token_ being processed rather
 		// than current working directory (issue #867) and then use glob to get
 		// list of matching filenames
-		absFile, err := filepath.Abs(p.Dispenser.File())
+		absFile, err := caddy.FastAbs(p.Dispenser.File())
 		if err != nil {
 			return p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", p.Dispenser.File(), err)
 		}
@@ -393,7 +436,6 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 			return p.Errf("Glob pattern may only contain one wildcard (*), but has others: %s", globPattern)
 		}
 		matches, err = filepath.Glob(globPattern)
-
 		if err != nil {
 			return p.Errf("Failed to use import pattern %s: %v", importPattern, err)
 		}
@@ -489,6 +531,28 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 				maybeSnippet = false
 			}
 		}
+		// if it is {block}, we substitute with all tokens in the block
+		// if it is {blocks.*}, we substitute with the tokens in the mapping for the *
+		var tokensToAdd []Token
+		foundBlockDirective := false
+		switch {
+		case token.Text == "{block}":
+			foundBlockDirective = true
+			tokensToAdd = blockTokens
+		case strings.HasPrefix(token.Text, "{blocks.") && strings.HasSuffix(token.Text, "}"):
+			foundBlockDirective = true
+			// {blocks.foo.bar} will be extracted to key `foo.bar`
+			blockKey := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSuffix(token.Text, "}"), "{blocks.")
+			val, ok := blockMapping[blockKey]
+			if ok {
+				tokensToAdd = val
+			}
+		}
+
+		if foundBlockDirective {
+			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, tokensToAdd...)
+			continue
+		}
 
 		if maybeSnippet {
 			tokensCopy = append(tokensCopy, token)
@@ -510,7 +574,7 @@ func (p *parser) doImport(nesting int) error {
 	// splice the imported tokens in the place of the import statement
 	// and rewind cursor so Next() will land on first imported token
 	p.tokens = append(tokensBefore, append(tokensCopy, tokensAfter...)...)
-	p.cursor -= len(args) + 1
+	p.cursor -= len(args) + len(blockTokens) + 1
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -548,7 +612,7 @@ func (p *parser) doSingleImport(importFile string) ([]Token, error) {
 
 	// Tack the file path onto these tokens so errors show the imported file's name
 	// (we use full, absolute path to avoid bugs: issue #1892)
-	filename, err := filepath.Abs(importFile)
+	filename, err := caddy.FastAbs(importFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, p.Errf("Failed to get absolute path of file: %s: %v", importFile, err)
 	}
@@ -637,8 +701,8 @@ func (p *parser) closeCurlyBrace() error {
 func (p *parser) isNamedRoute() (bool, string) {
 	keys := p.block.Keys
 	// A named route block is a single key with parens, prefixed with &.
-	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0], "&(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0], ")") {
-		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0][2:], ")")
+	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0].Text, "&(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0].Text, ")") {
+		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0].Text[2:], ")")
 	}
 	return false, ""
 }
@@ -646,8 +710,8 @@ func (p *parser) isNamedRoute() (bool, string) {
 func (p *parser) isSnippet() (bool, string) {
 	keys := p.block.Keys
 	// A snippet block is a single key with parens. Nothing else qualifies.
-	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0], "(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0], ")") {
-		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0][1:], ")")
+	if len(keys) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(keys[0].Text, "(") && strings.HasSuffix(keys[0].Text, ")") {
+		return true, strings.TrimSuffix(keys[0].Text[1:], ")")
 	}
 	return false, ""
 }
@@ -691,11 +755,19 @@ func (p *parser) blockTokens(retainCurlies bool) ([]Token, error) {
 // grouped by segments.
 type ServerBlock struct {
 	HasBraces    bool
-	Keys         []string
+	Keys         []Token
 	Segments     []Segment
 	IsNamedRoute bool
 }
 
+func (sb ServerBlock) GetKeysText() []string {
+	res := make([]string, 0, len(sb.Keys))
+	for _, k := range sb.Keys {
+		res = append(res, k.Text)
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
 // DispenseDirective returns a dispenser that contains
 // all the tokens in the server block.
 func (sb ServerBlock) DispenseDirective(dir string) *Dispenser {

caddyconfig/caddyfile/parse_test.go

@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
 func TestParseVariadic(t *testing.T) {
-	var args = make([]string, 10)
+	args := make([]string, 10)
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		input  string
 		result bool
@@ -111,7 +112,6 @@ func TestAllTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	input := []byte("a b c\nd e")
 	expected := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}
 	tokens, err := allTokens("TestAllTokens", input)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -149,10 +149,11 @@ func TestParseOneAndImport(t *testing.T) {
 			"localhost",
 		}, []int{1}},
 
-		{`localhost:1234
+		{
+			`localhost:1234
 		  dir1 foo bar`, false, []string{
-			"localhost:1234",
-		}, []int{3},
+				"localhost:1234",
+			}, []int{3},
 		},
 
 		{`localhost {
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ func TestParseOneAndImport(t *testing.T) {
 				i, len(test.keys), len(result.Keys))
 			continue
 		}
-		for j, addr := range result.Keys {
+		for j, addr := range result.GetKeysText() {
 			if addr != test.keys[j] {
 				t.Errorf("Test %d, key %d: Expected '%s', but was '%s'",
 					i, j, test.keys[j], addr)
@@ -379,8 +380,9 @@ func TestRecursiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	isExpected := func(got ServerBlock) bool {
-		if len(got.Keys) != 1 || got.Keys[0] != "localhost" {
-			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", got.Keys)
+		textKeys := got.GetKeysText()
+		if len(textKeys) != 1 || textKeys[0] != "localhost" {
+			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", textKeys)
 			return false
 		}
 		if len(got.Segments) != 2 {
@@ -407,13 +409,13 @@ func TestRecursiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile1, []byte(
 		`localhost
 		dir1
-		import recursive_import_test2`), 0644)
+		import recursive_import_test2`), 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer os.Remove(recursiveFile1)
 
-	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile2, []byte("dir2 1"), 0644)
+	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile2, []byte("dir2 1"), 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ func TestRecursiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	err = os.WriteFile(recursiveFile1, []byte(
 		`localhost
 		dir1
-		import `+recursiveFile2), 0644)
+		import `+recursiveFile2), 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -474,8 +476,9 @@ func TestDirectiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	isExpected := func(got ServerBlock) bool {
-		if len(got.Keys) != 1 || got.Keys[0] != "localhost" {
-			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", got.Keys)
+		textKeys := got.GetKeysText()
+		if len(textKeys) != 1 || textKeys[0] != "localhost" {
+			t.Errorf("got keys unexpected: expect localhost, got %v", textKeys)
 			return false
 		}
 		if len(got.Segments) != 2 {
@@ -495,7 +498,7 @@ func TestDirectiveImport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	err = os.WriteFile(directiveFile, []byte(`prop1 1
-	prop2 2`), 0644)
+	prop2 2`), 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -553,6 +556,10 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 			{"localhost:1234", "http://host2"},
 		}},
 
+		{`foo.example.com   ,   example.com`, false, [][]string{
+			{"foo.example.com", "example.com"},
+		}},
+
 		{`localhost:1234, http://host2,`, true, [][]string{}},
 
 		{`http://host1.com, http://host2.com {
@@ -612,11 +619,11 @@ func TestParseAll(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		for j, block := range blocks {
 			if len(block.Keys) != len(test.keys[j]) {
-				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d",
-					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys))
+				t.Errorf("Test %d: Expected %d keys in block %d, got %d: %v",
+					i, len(test.keys[j]), j, len(block.Keys), block.Keys)
 				continue
 			}
-			for k, addr := range block.Keys {
+			for k, addr := range block.GetKeysText() {
 				if addr != test.keys[j][k] {
 					t.Errorf("Test %d, block %d, key %d: Expected '%s', but got '%s'",
 						i, j, k, test.keys[j][k], addr)
@@ -769,7 +776,7 @@ func TestSnippets(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(blocks) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expect exactly one server block. Got %d.", len(blocks))
 	}
-	if actual, expected := blocks[0].Keys[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
+	if actual, expected := blocks[0].GetKeysText()[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
 		t.Errorf("Expected server name to be '%s' but was '%s'", expected, actual)
 	}
 	if len(blocks[0].Segments) != 2 {
@@ -801,7 +808,7 @@ func TestImportedFilesIgnoreNonDirectiveImportTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	fileName := writeStringToTempFileOrDie(t, `
 		http://example.com {
 			# This isn't an import directive, it's just an arg with value 'import'
-			basicauth / import password
+			basic_auth / import password
 		}
 	`)
 	// Parse the root file that imports the other one.
@@ -812,12 +819,12 @@ func TestImportedFilesIgnoreNonDirectiveImportTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	auth := blocks[0].Segments[0]
 	line := auth[0].Text + " " + auth[1].Text + " " + auth[2].Text + " " + auth[3].Text
-	if line != "basicauth / import password" {
+	if line != "basic_auth / import password" {
 		// Previously, it would be changed to:
-		//   basicauth / import /path/to/test/dir/password
+		//   basic_auth / import /path/to/test/dir/password
 		// referencing a file that (probably) doesn't exist and changing the
 		// password!
-		t.Errorf("Expected basicauth tokens to be 'basicauth / import password' but got %#q", line)
+		t.Errorf("Expected basic_auth tokens to be 'basic_auth / import password' but got %#q", line)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -844,7 +851,7 @@ func TestSnippetAcrossMultipleFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(blocks) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expect exactly one server block. Got %d.", len(blocks))
 	}
-	if actual, expected := blocks[0].Keys[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
+	if actual, expected := blocks[0].GetKeysText()[0], "http://example.com"; expected != actual {
 		t.Errorf("Expected server name to be '%s' but was '%s'", expected, actual)
 	}
 	if len(blocks[0].Segments) != 1 {
@@ -855,6 +862,74 @@ func TestSnippetAcrossMultipleFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRejectsGlobalMatcher(t *testing.T) {
+	p := testParser(`
+		@rejected path /foo
+
+		(common) {
+			gzip foo
+			errors stderr
+		}
+
+		http://example.com {
+			import common
+		}
+	`)
+	_, err := p.parseAll()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected an error, but got nil")
+	}
+	expected := "request matchers may not be defined globally, they must be in a site block; found @rejected, at Testfile:2"
+	if err.Error() != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error to be '%s' but got '%v'", expected, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRejectAnonymousImportBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	p := testParser(`
+		(site) {
+			http://{args[0]} https://{args[0]} {
+				{block}
+			}
+		}
+
+		import site test.domain {
+			{ 
+				header_up Host {host}
+				header_up X-Real-IP {remote_host}
+			}
+		}
+	`)
+	_, err := p.parseAll()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected an error, but got nil")
+	}
+	expected := "anonymous blocks are not supported"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "anonymous blocks are not supported") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error to start with '%s' but got '%v'", expected, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAcceptSiteImportWithBraces(t *testing.T) {
+	p := testParser(`
+		(site) {
+			http://{args[0]} https://{args[0]} {
+				{block}
+			}
+		}
+
+		import site test.domain {
+			reverse_proxy http://192.168.1.1:8080 { 
+				header_up Host {host}
+			}
+		}
+	`)
+	_, err := p.parseAll()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error to be nil but got '%v'", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func testParser(input string) parser {
 	return parser{Dispenser: NewTestDispenser(input)}
 }

caddyconfig/configadapters.go

@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@ func JSONModuleObject(val any, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]Warning)
 	err = json.Unmarshal(enc, &tmp)
 	if err != nil {
 		if warnings != nil {
-			*warnings = append(*warnings, Warning{Message: err.Error()})
+			message := err.Error()
+			if jsonErr, ok := err.(*json.SyntaxError); ok {
+				message = fmt.Sprintf("%v, at offset %d", jsonErr.Error(), jsonErr.Offset)
+			}
+			*warnings = append(*warnings, Warning{Message: message})
 		}
 		return nil
 	}

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )
 
-// mapAddressToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
+// mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks returns a map of listener address to list of server
 // blocks that will be served on that address. To do this, each server block is
 // expanded so that each one is considered individually, although keys of a
 // server block that share the same address stay grouped together so the config
@@ -77,10 +77,15 @@ import (
 // repetition may be undesirable, so call consolidateAddrMappings() to map
 // multiple addresses to the same lists of server blocks (a many:many mapping).
 // (Doing this is essentially a map-reduce technique.)
-func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
+func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
 	options map[string]any,
-) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
-	sbmap := make(map[string][]serverBlock)
+) (map[string]map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
+	addrToProtocolToServerBlocks := map[string]map[string][]serverBlock{}
+
+	type keyWithParsedKey struct {
+		key       caddyfile.Token
+		parsedKey Address
+	}
 
 	for i, sblock := range originalServerBlocks {
 		// within a server block, we need to map all the listener addresses
@@ -88,27 +93,48 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBloc
 		// will be served by them; this has the effect of treating each
 		// key of a server block as its own, but without having to repeat its
 		// contents in cases where multiple keys really can be served together
-		addrToKeys := make(map[string][]string)
+		addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := map[string]map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
 		for j, key := range sblock.block.Keys {
+			parsedKey, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
+			}
+			parsedKey = parsedKey.Normalize()
+
 			// a key can have multiple listener addresses if there are multiple
 			// arguments to the 'bind' directive (although they will all have
 			// the same port, since the port is defined by the key or is implicit
 			// through automatic HTTPS)
-			addrs, err := st.listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock, key, options)
+			listeners, err := st.listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock, parsedKey, options)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key, err)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key.Text, err)
 			}
 
-			// associate this key with each listener address it is served on
-			for _, addr := range addrs {
-				addrToKeys[addr] = append(addrToKeys[addr], key)
+			// associate this key with its protocols and each listener address served with them
+			kwpk := keyWithParsedKey{key, parsedKey}
+			for addr, protocols := range listeners {
+				protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys, ok := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
+				if !ok {
+					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys = map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
+					addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr] = protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys
+				}
+
+				// an empty protocol indicates the default, a nil or empty value in the ListenProtocols array
+				if len(protocols) == 0 {
+					protocols[""] = struct{}{}
+				}
+				for prot := range protocols {
+					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot] = append(
+						protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot],
+						kwpk)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		// make a slice of the map keys so we can iterate in sorted order
-		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToKeys))
-		for k := range addrToKeys {
-			addrs = append(addrs, k)
+		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
+		for addr := range addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
+			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(addrs)
 
@@ -118,85 +144,132 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBloc
 		// server block are only the ones which use the address; but
 		// the contents (tokens) are of course the same
 		for _, addr := range addrs {
-			keys := addrToKeys[addr]
-			// parse keys so that we only have to do it once
-			parsedKeys := make([]Address, 0, len(keys))
-			for _, key := range keys {
-				addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key '%s': %v", key, err)
-				}
-				parsedKeys = append(parsedKeys, addr.Normalize())
+			protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
+
+			prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
+			for prot := range protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
+				prots = append(prots, prot)
 			}
-			sbmap[addr] = append(sbmap[addr], serverBlock{
-				block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
-					Keys:     keys,
-					Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
-				},
-				pile: sblock.pile,
-				keys: parsedKeys,
+			sort.Strings(prots)
+
+			protocolToServerBlocks, ok := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
+			if !ok {
+				protocolToServerBlocks = map[string][]serverBlock{}
+				addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr] = protocolToServerBlocks
+			}
+
+			for _, prot := range prots {
+				keyWithParsedKeys := protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot]
+
+				keys := make([]caddyfile.Token, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
+				parsedKeys := make([]Address, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
+
+				for k, keyWithParsedKey := range keyWithParsedKeys {
+					keys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.key
+					parsedKeys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.parsedKey
+				}
+
+				protocolToServerBlocks[prot] = append(protocolToServerBlocks[prot], serverBlock{
+					block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
+						Keys:     keys,
+						Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
+					},
+					pile:       sblock.pile,
+					parsedKeys: parsedKeys,
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return addrToProtocolToServerBlocks, nil
+}
+
+// consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
+// single listener addresses to protocols to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses
+// may serve multiple protocols to identical sites (server block contents), this function turns
+// a 1:many mapping into a many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be
+// exactly identical so that reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined.
+// Identical entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
+// association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
+// the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
+func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks map[string]map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
+	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
+
+	addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
+	for addr := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
+		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(addrs)
+
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		protocolToServerBlocks := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
+
+		prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToServerBlocks))
+		for prot := range protocolToServerBlocks {
+			prots = append(prots, prot)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(prots)
+
+		for _, prot := range prots {
+			serverBlocks := protocolToServerBlocks[prot]
+
+			// now find other addresses that map to identical
+			// server blocks and add them to our map of listener
+			// addresses and protocols, while removing them from
+			// the original map
+			listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
+
+			for otherAddr, otherProtocolToServerBlocks := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
+				for otherProt, otherServerBlocks := range otherProtocolToServerBlocks {
+					if addr == otherAddr && prot == otherProt || reflect.DeepEqual(serverBlocks, otherServerBlocks) {
+						listener, ok := listeners[otherAddr]
+						if !ok {
+							listener = map[string]struct{}{}
+							listeners[otherAddr] = listener
+						}
+						listener[otherProt] = struct{}{}
+						delete(otherProtocolToServerBlocks, otherProt)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			addresses := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
+			for lnAddr := range listeners {
+				addresses = append(addresses, lnAddr)
+			}
+			sort.Strings(addresses)
+
+			addressesWithProtocols := make([]addressWithProtocols, 0, len(listeners))
+
+			for _, lnAddr := range addresses {
+				lnProts := listeners[lnAddr]
+				prots := make([]string, 0, len(lnProts))
+				for prot := range lnProts {
+					prots = append(prots, prot)
+				}
+				sort.Strings(prots)
+
+				addressesWithProtocols = append(addressesWithProtocols, addressWithProtocols{
+					address:   lnAddr,
+					protocols: prots,
+				})
+			}
+
+			sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, sbAddrAssociation{
+				addressesWithProtocols: addressesWithProtocols,
+				serverBlocks:           serverBlocks,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 
-	return sbmap, nil
-}
-
-// consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
-// single listener addresses to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses may serve
-// identical sites (server block contents), this function turns a 1:many mapping into a
-// many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be exactly identical so that
-// reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined. Identical
-// entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
-// association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
-// the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
-func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToServerBlocks map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
-	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToServerBlocks))
-	for addr, sblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
-		// we start with knowing that at least this address
-		// maps to these server blocks
-		a := sbAddrAssociation{
-			addresses:    []string{addr},
-			serverBlocks: sblocks,
-		}
-
-		// now find other addresses that map to identical
-		// server blocks and add them to our list of
-		// addresses, while removing them from the map
-		for otherAddr, otherSblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
-			if addr == otherAddr {
-				continue
-			}
-			if reflect.DeepEqual(sblocks, otherSblocks) {
-				a.addresses = append(a.addresses, otherAddr)
-				delete(addrToServerBlocks, otherAddr)
-			}
-		}
-		sort.Strings(a.addresses)
-
-		sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, a)
-	}
-
-	// sort them by their first address (we know there will always be at least one)
-	// to avoid problems with non-deterministic ordering (makes tests flaky)
-	sort.Slice(sbaddrs, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return sbaddrs[i].addresses[0] < sbaddrs[j].addresses[0]
-	})
-
 	return sbaddrs
 }
 
-// listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey essentially converts the Caddyfile
-// site addresses to Caddy listener addresses for each server block.
-func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key string,
+// listenersForServerBlockAddress essentially converts the Caddyfile site addresses to a map from
+// Caddy listener addresses and the protocols to serve them with to the parsed address for each server block.
+func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Address,
 	options map[string]any,
-) ([]string, error) {
-	addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
-	}
-	addr = addr.Normalize()
-
+) (map[string]map[string]struct{}, error) {
 	switch addr.Scheme {
 	case "wss":
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the scheme wss:// is only supported in browsers; use https:// instead")
@@ -230,55 +303,58 @@ func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key str
 
 	// error if scheme and port combination violate convention
 	if (addr.Scheme == "http" && lnPort == httpsPort) || (addr.Scheme == "https" && lnPort == httpPort) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", key)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", addr.String())
 	}
 
-	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), but is optional
-	lnHosts := make([]string, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
+	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), and the protocols to serve them with, but is optional
+	lnCfgVals := make([]addressesWithProtocols, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
 	for _, cfgVal := range sblock.pile["bind"] {
-		lnHosts = append(lnHosts, cfgVal.Value.([]string)...)
+		if val, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok {
+			lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, val)
+		}
 	}
-	if len(lnHosts) == 0 {
-		if defaultBind, ok := options["default_bind"].([]string); ok {
-			lnHosts = defaultBind
+	if len(lnCfgVals) == 0 {
+		if defaultBindValues, ok := options["default_bind"].([]ConfigValue); ok {
+			for _, defaultBindValue := range defaultBindValues {
+				lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, defaultBindValue.Value.(addressesWithProtocols))
+			}
 		} else {
-			lnHosts = []string{""}
+			lnCfgVals = []addressesWithProtocols{{
+				addresses: []string{""},
+				protocols: nil,
+			}}
 		}
 	}
 
 	// use a map to prevent duplication
-	listeners := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, lnHost := range lnHosts {
-		// normally we would simply append the port,
-		// but if lnHost is IPv6, we need to ensure it
-		// is enclosed in [ ]; net.JoinHostPort does
-		// this for us, but lnHost might also have a
-		// network type in front (e.g. "tcp/") leading
-		// to "[tcp/::1]" which causes parsing failures
-		// later; what we need is "tcp/[::1]", so we have
-		// to split the network and host, then re-combine
-		network, host, ok := strings.Cut(lnHost, "/")
-		if !ok {
-			host = network
-			network = ""
+	listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, lnCfgVal := range lnCfgVals {
+		for _, lnAddr := range lnCfgVal.addresses {
+			lnNetw, lnHost, _, err := caddy.SplitNetworkAddress(lnAddr)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("splitting listener address: %v", err)
+			}
+			networkAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(lnNetw, lnHost, lnPort))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
+			}
+			if _, ok := listeners[addr.String()]; !ok {
+				listeners[networkAddr.String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
+			}
+			for _, protocol := range lnCfgVal.protocols {
+				listeners[networkAddr.String()][protocol] = struct{}{}
+			}
 		}
-		host = strings.Trim(host, "[]") // IPv6
-		networkAddr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, lnPort)
-		addr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(networkAddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
-		}
-		listeners[addr.String()] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	// now turn map into list
-	listenersList := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
-	for lnStr := range listeners {
-		listenersList = append(listenersList, lnStr)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(listenersList)
+	return listeners, nil
+}
 
-	return listenersList, nil
+// addressesWithProtocols associates a list of listen addresses
+// with a list of protocols to serve them with
+type addressesWithProtocols struct {
+	addresses []string
+	protocols []string
 }
 
 // Address represents a site address. It contains

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/builtins_test.go

@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				log {
+					core mock
 					output file foo.log
 				}
 			}
 			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"core":{"module":"mock"},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
@@ -53,11 +54,26 @@ func TestLogDirectiveSyntax(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			input: `:8080 {
 				log name-override {
+					core mock
 					output file foo.log
 				}
 			}
 			`,
-			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.name-override"]},"name-override":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"include":["http.log.access.name-override"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"name-override"}}}}}}`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.name-override"]},"name-override":{"writer":{"filename":"foo.log","output":"file"},"core":{"module":"mock"},"include":["http.log.access.name-override"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"name-override"}}}}}}`,
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: `:8080 {
+				log {
+					sampling {
+						interval 2
+						first 3
+						thereafter 4
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			`,
+			output:      `{"logging":{"logs":{"default":{"exclude":["http.log.access.log0"]},"log0":{"sampling":{"interval":2,"first":3,"thereafter":4},"include":["http.log.access.log0"]}}},"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":8080"],"logs":{"default_logger_name":"log0"}}}}}}`,
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 	} {

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives.go

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"maps"
 	"net"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -27,22 +29,33 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )
 
-// directiveOrder specifies the order
-// to apply directives in HTTP routes.
+// defaultDirectiveOrder specifies the default order
+// to apply directives in HTTP routes. This must only
+// consist of directives that are included in Caddy's
+// standard distribution.
 //
-// The root directive goes first in case rewrites or
-// redirects depend on existence of files, i.e. the
-// file matcher, which must know the root first.
+// e.g. The 'root' directive goes near the start in
+// case rewrites or redirects depend on existence of
+// files, i.e. the file matcher, which must know the
+// root first.
 //
-// The header directive goes second so that headers
-// can be manipulated before doing redirects.
-var directiveOrder = []string{
+// e.g. The 'header' directive goes before 'redir' so
+// that headers can be manipulated before doing redirects.
+//
+// e.g. The 'respond' directive is near the end because it
+// writes a response and terminates the middleware chain.
+var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 	"tracing",
 
+	// set variables that may be used by other directives
 	"map",
 	"vars",
+	"fs",
 	"root",
-	"skip_log",
+	"log_append",
+	"skip_log", // TODO: deprecated, renamed to log_skip
+	"log_skip",
+	"log_name",
 
 	"header",
 	"copy_response_headers", // only in reverse_proxy's handle_response
@@ -57,11 +70,13 @@ var directiveOrder = []string{
 	"try_files",
 
 	// middleware handlers; some wrap responses
-	"basicauth",
+	"basicauth", // TODO: deprecated, renamed to basic_auth
+	"basic_auth",
 	"forward_auth",
 	"request_header",
 	"encode",
 	"push",
+	"intercept",
 	"templates",
 
 	// special routing & dispatching directives
@@ -82,16 +97,10 @@ var directiveOrder = []string{
 	"acme_server",
 }
 
-// directiveIsOrdered returns true if dir is
-// a known, ordered (sorted) directive.
-func directiveIsOrdered(dir string) bool {
-	for _, d := range directiveOrder {
-		if d == dir {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
+// directiveOrder specifies the order to apply directives
+// in HTTP routes, after being modified by either the
+// plugins or by the user via the "order" global option.
+var directiveOrder = defaultDirectiveOrder
 
 // RegisterDirective registers a unique directive dir with an
 // associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When directive dir
@@ -128,6 +137,55 @@ func RegisterHandlerDirective(dir string, setupFunc UnmarshalHandlerFunc) {
 	})
 }
 
+// RegisterDirectiveOrder registers the default order for a
+// directive from a plugin.
+//
+// This is useful when a plugin has a well-understood place
+// it should run in the middleware pipeline, and it allows
+// users to avoid having to define the order themselves.
+//
+// The directive dir may be placed in the position relative
+// to ('before' or 'after') a directive included in Caddy's
+// standard distribution. It cannot be relative to another
+// plugin's directive.
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL: This API may change or be removed.
+func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string) {
+	// check if directive was already ordered
+	if slices.Contains(directiveOrder, dir) {
+		panic("directive '" + dir + "' already ordered")
+	}
+
+	if position != Before && position != After {
+		panic("the 2nd argument must be either 'before' or 'after', got '" + position + "'")
+	}
+
+	// check if directive exists in standard distribution, since
+	// we can't allow plugins to depend on one another; we can't
+	// guarantee the order that plugins are loaded in.
+	foundStandardDir := slices.Contains(defaultDirectiveOrder, standardDir)
+	if !foundStandardDir {
+		panic("the 3rd argument '" + standardDir + "' must be a directive that exists in the standard distribution of Caddy")
+	}
+
+	// insert directive into proper position
+	newOrder := directiveOrder
+	for i, d := range newOrder {
+		if d != standardDir {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch position {
+		case Before:
+			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dir}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
+		case After:
+			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dir}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
+		case First, Last:
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	directiveOrder = newOrder
+}
+
 // RegisterGlobalOption registers a unique global option opt with
 // an associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When the global
 // option opt is encountered in a Caddyfile, setupFunc will be
@@ -270,12 +328,6 @@ func (h Helper) GroupRoutes(vals []ConfigValue) {
 	}
 }
 
-// NewBindAddresses returns config values relevant to adding
-// listener bind addresses to the config.
-func (h Helper) NewBindAddresses(addrs []string) []ConfigValue {
-	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addrs}}
-}
-
 // WithDispenser returns a new instance based on d. All others Helper
 // fields are copied, so typically maps are shared with this new instance.
 func (h Helper) WithDispenser(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) Helper {
@@ -316,9 +368,7 @@ func parseSegmentAsConfig(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 		// copy existing matcher definitions so we can augment
 		// new ones that are defined only in this scope
 		matcherDefs := make(map[string]caddy.ModuleMap, len(h.matcherDefs))
-		for key, val := range h.matcherDefs {
-			matcherDefs[key] = val
-		}
+		maps.Copy(matcherDefs, h.matcherDefs)
 
 		// find and extract any embedded matcher definitions in this scope
 		for i := 0; i < len(segments); i++ {
@@ -434,12 +484,29 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 			// we can only confidently compare path lengths if both
 			// directives have a single path to match (issue #5037)
 			if iPathLen > 0 && jPathLen > 0 {
+				// trim the trailing wildcard if there is one
+				iPathTrimmed := strings.TrimSuffix(iPM[0], "*")
+				jPathTrimmed := strings.TrimSuffix(jPM[0], "*")
+
 				// if both paths are the same except for a trailing wildcard,
 				// sort by the shorter path first (which is more specific)
-				if strings.TrimSuffix(iPM[0], "*") == strings.TrimSuffix(jPM[0], "*") {
+				if iPathTrimmed == jPathTrimmed {
 					return iPathLen < jPathLen
 				}
 
+				// we use the trimmed length to compare the paths
+				// https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7012#issuecomment-2870142195
+				// credit to https://github.com/Hellio404
+				// for sorts with many items, mixing matchers w/ and w/o wildcards will confuse the sort and result in incorrect orders
+				iPathLen = len(iPathTrimmed)
+				jPathLen = len(jPathTrimmed)
+
+				// if both paths have the same length, sort lexically
+				// https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/7015#issuecomment-2871993588
+				if iPathLen == jPathLen {
+					return iPathTrimmed < jPathTrimmed
+				}
+
 				// sort most-specific (longest) path first
 				return iPathLen > jPathLen
 			}
@@ -467,9 +534,9 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 // a "pile" of config values, keyed by class name,
 // as well as its parsed keys for convenience.
 type serverBlock struct {
-	block caddyfile.ServerBlock
-	pile  map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
-	keys  []Address
+	block      caddyfile.ServerBlock
+	pile       map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
+	parsedKeys []Address
 }
 
 // hostsFromKeys returns a list of all the non-empty hostnames found in
@@ -486,7 +553,7 @@ type serverBlock struct {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			if !loggerMode {
 				// server block contains a key like ":443", i.e. the host portion
@@ -518,7 +585,7 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -539,25 +606,29 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 // hasHostCatchAllKey returns true if sb has a key that
 // omits a host portion, i.e. it "catches all" hosts.
 func (sb serverBlock) hasHostCatchAllKey() bool {
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-		if addr.Host == "" {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
+		return addr.Host == ""
+	})
 }
 
 // isAllHTTP returns true if all sb keys explicitly specify
 // the http:// scheme
 func (sb serverBlock) isAllHTTP() bool {
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-		if addr.Scheme != "http" {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
+		return addr.Scheme != "http"
+	})
 }
 
+// Positional are the supported modes for ordering directives.
+type Positional string
+
+const (
+	Before Positional = "before"
+	After  Positional = "after"
+	First  Positional = "first"
+	Last   Positional = "last"
+)
+
 type (
 	// UnmarshalFunc is a function which can unmarshal Caddyfile
 	// tokens into zero or more config values using a Helper type.

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives_test.go

@@ -31,20 +31,23 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]Address{
 				{Original: ":2015", Port: "2015"},
 			},
-			[]string{}, []string{},
+			[]string{},
+			[]string{},
 		},
 		{
 			[]Address{
 				{Original: ":443", Port: "443"},
 			},
-			[]string{}, []string{},
+			[]string{},
+			[]string{},
 		},
 		{
 			[]Address{
 				{Original: "foo", Host: "foo"},
 				{Original: ":2015", Port: "2015"},
 			},
-			[]string{}, []string{"foo"},
+			[]string{},
+			[]string{"foo"},
 		},
 		{
 			[]Address{
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]string{"example.com:2015"},
 		},
 	} {
-		sb := serverBlock{keys: tc.keys}
+		sb := serverBlock{parsedKeys: tc.keys}
 
 		// test in normal mode
 		actual := sb.hostsFromKeys(false)

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype.go

@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -65,8 +66,11 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	originalServerBlocks := make([]serverBlock, 0, len(inputServerBlocks))
 	for _, sblock := range inputServerBlocks {
 		for j, k := range sblock.Keys {
-			if j == 0 && strings.HasPrefix(k, "@") {
-				return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("cannot define a matcher outside of a site block: '%s'", k)
+			if j == 0 && strings.HasPrefix(k.Text, "@") {
+				return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("%s:%d: cannot define a matcher outside of a site block: '%s'", k.File, k.Line, k.Text)
+			}
+			if _, ok := registeredDirectives[k.Text]; ok {
+				return nil, warnings, fmt.Errorf("%s:%d: parsed '%s' as a site address, but it is a known directive; directives must appear in a site block", k.File, k.Line, k.Text)
 			}
 		}
 		originalServerBlocks = append(originalServerBlocks, serverBlock{
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	}
 
 	// map
-	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
+	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
@@ -183,12 +187,25 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
 
+	// hoist the metrics config from per-server to global
+	metrics, _ := options["metrics"].(*caddyhttp.Metrics)
+	for _, s := range servers {
+		if s.Metrics != nil {
+			metrics = cmp.Or(metrics, &caddyhttp.Metrics{})
+			metrics = &caddyhttp.Metrics{
+				PerHost: metrics.PerHost || s.Metrics.PerHost,
+			}
+			s.Metrics = nil // we don't need it anymore
+		}
+	}
+
 	// now that each server is configured, make the HTTP app
 	httpApp := caddyhttp.App{
 		HTTPPort:      tryInt(options["http_port"], &warnings),
 		HTTPSPort:     tryInt(options["https_port"], &warnings),
 		GracePeriod:   tryDuration(options["grace_period"], &warnings),
 		ShutdownDelay: tryDuration(options["shutdown_delay"], &warnings),
+		Metrics:       metrics,
 		Servers:       servers,
 	}
 
@@ -271,6 +288,12 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(pkiApp, &caddypki.PKI{CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA)}) {
 		cfg.AppsRaw["pki"] = caddyconfig.JSON(pkiApp, &warnings)
 	}
+	if filesystems, ok := options["filesystem"].(caddy.Module); ok {
+		cfg.AppsRaw["caddy.filesystems"] = caddyconfig.JSON(
+			filesystems,
+			&warnings)
+	}
+
 	if storageCvtr, ok := options["storage"].(caddy.StorageConverter); ok {
 		cfg.StorageRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(storageCvtr,
 			"module",
@@ -280,7 +303,6 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	if adminConfig, ok := options["admin"].(*caddy.AdminConfig); ok && adminConfig != nil {
 		cfg.Admin = adminConfig
 	}
-
 	if pc, ok := options["persist_config"].(string); ok && pc == "off" {
 		if cfg.Admin == nil {
 			cfg.Admin = new(caddy.AdminConfig)
@@ -328,7 +350,7 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 
 				// avoid duplicates by sorting + compacting
 				sort.Strings(defaultLog.Exclude)
-				defaultLog.Exclude = slices.Compact[[]string, string](defaultLog.Exclude)
+				defaultLog.Exclude = slices.Compact(defaultLog.Exclude)
 			}
 		}
 		// we may have not actually added anything, so remove if empty
@@ -394,6 +416,20 @@ func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options
 			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, logOpts...)
 			continue
 		}
+		// Also fold multiple "default_bind" options together into an
+		// array so that server blocks can have multiple binds by default.
+		if opt == "default_bind" {
+			existingOpts, ok := options[opt].([]ConfigValue)
+			if !ok {
+				existingOpts = []ConfigValue{}
+			}
+			defaultBindOpts, ok := val.([]ConfigValue)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type from 'default_bind' global options: %T", val)
+			}
+			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, defaultBindOpts...)
+			continue
+		}
 
 		options[opt] = val
 	}
@@ -485,7 +521,7 @@ func (ServerType) extractNamedRoutes(
 			route.HandlersRaw = []json.RawMessage{caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(handler, "handler", subroute.CaddyModule().ID.Name(), h.warnings)}
 		}
 
-		namedRoutes[sb.block.Keys[0]] = &route
+		namedRoutes[sb.block.GetKeysText()[0]] = &route
 	}
 	options["named_routes"] = namedRoutes
 
@@ -512,8 +548,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 	if hsp, ok := options["https_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpsPort = strconv.Itoa(hsp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := "on"
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 
@@ -523,33 +559,79 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		// address), otherwise their routes will improperly be added
 		// to the same server (see issue #4635)
 		for j, sblock1 := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, key := range sblock1.block.Keys {
+			for _, key := range sblock1.block.GetKeysText() {
 				for k, sblock2 := range p.serverBlocks {
 					if k == j {
 						continue
 					}
-					if sliceContains(sblock2.block.Keys, key) {
+					if slices.Contains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("ambiguous site definition: %s", key)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		var (
+			addresses []string
+			protocols [][]string
+		)
+
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+			protocols = append(protocols, addressWithProtocols.protocols)
+		}
+
 		srv := &caddyhttp.Server{
-			Listen: p.addresses,
+			Listen:          addresses,
+			ListenProtocols: protocols,
+		}
+
+		// remove srv.ListenProtocols[j] if it only contains the default protocols
+		for j, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
+			srv.ListenProtocols[j] = nil
+			for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
+				if lnProtocol != "" {
+					srv.ListenProtocols[j] = lnProtocols
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// remove srv.ListenProtocols if it only contains the default protocols for all listen addresses
+		listenProtocols := srv.ListenProtocols
+		srv.ListenProtocols = nil
+		for _, lnProtocols := range listenProtocols {
+			if lnProtocols != nil {
+				srv.ListenProtocols = listenProtocols
+				break
+			}
 		}
 
 		// handle the auto_https global option
-		if autoHTTPS != "on" {
-			srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-			switch autoHTTPS {
+		for _, val := range autoHTTPS {
+			switch val {
 			case "off":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled = true
+
 			case "disable_redirects":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableRedir = true
+
 			case "disable_certs":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableCerts = true
+
 			case "ignore_loaded_certs":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.IgnoreLoadedCerts = true
 			}
 		}
@@ -558,7 +640,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		// See ParseAddress() where parsing should later reject paths
 		// See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/4728 for a full explanation
 		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 				if addr.Path != "" {
 					caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("Using a path in a site address is deprecated; please use the 'handle' directive instead", zap.String("address", addr.String()))
 				}
@@ -576,7 +658,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			var iLongestPath, jLongestPath string
 			var iLongestHost, jLongestHost string
 			var iWildcardHost, jWildcardHost bool
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].keys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].parsedKeys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					iWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -587,7 +669,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					iLongestPath = addr.Path
 				}
 			}
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].keys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].parsedKeys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					jWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -619,7 +701,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		})
 
 		var hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy, addressQualifiesForTLS bool
-		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := autoHTTPS != "off"
+		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := srv.AutoHTTPS == nil || !srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled
 
 		// if needed, the ServerLogConfig is initialized beforehand so
 		// that all server blocks can populate it with data, even when not
@@ -665,6 +747,14 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				}
 			}
 
+			// collect hosts that are forced to be automated
+			forceAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{})
+			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
+				for _, host := range hosts {
+					forceAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+
 			// tls: connection policies
 			if cpVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]; ok {
 				// tls connection policies
@@ -695,15 +785,21 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 						cp.FallbackSNI = fallbackSNI
 					}
 
-					// only append this policy if it actually changes something
-					if !cp.SettingsEmpty() {
+					// only append this policy if it actually changes something,
+					// or if the configuration explicitly automates certs for
+					// these names (this is necessary to hoist a connection policy
+					// above one that may manually load a wildcard cert that would
+					// otherwise clobber the automated one; the code that appends
+					// policies that manually load certs comes later, so they're
+					// lower in the list)
+					if !cp.SettingsEmpty() || mapContains(forceAutomatedNames, hosts) {
 						srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, cp)
 						hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy = len(hosts) == 0
 					}
 				}
 			}
 
-			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 				// if server only uses HTTP port, auto-HTTPS will not apply
 				if listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(srv.Listen, httpPort) {
 					// exclude any hosts that were defined explicitly with "http://"
@@ -712,7 +808,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 						if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
 						}
-						if !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
+						if !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip = append(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host)
 						}
 					}
@@ -726,7 +822,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				// https://caddy.community/t/making-sense-of-auto-https-and-why-disabling-it-still-serves-https-instead-of-http/9761
 				createdTLSConnPolicies, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]
 				hasTLSEnabled := (ok && len(createdTLSConnPolicies) > 0) ||
-					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
+					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
 
 				// we'll need to remember if the address qualifies for auto-HTTPS, so we
 				// can add a TLS conn policy if necessary
@@ -734,6 +830,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					(addr.Scheme != "http" && addr.Port != httpPort && hasTLSEnabled) {
 					addressQualifiesForTLS = true
 				}
+
 				// predict whether auto-HTTPS will add the conn policy for us; if so, we
 				// may not need to add one for this server
 				autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy = autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy &&
@@ -754,6 +851,20 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				srv.ListenerWrappersRaw = append(srv.ListenerWrappersRaw, jsonListenerWrapper)
 			}
 
+			// Look for any config values that provide packet conn wrappers on the server block
+			for _, listenerConfig := range sblock.pile["packet_conn_wrapper"] {
+				packetConnWrapper, ok := listenerConfig.Value.(caddy.PacketConnWrapper)
+				if !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("config for a packet conn wrapper did not provide a value that implements caddy.PacketConnWrapper")
+				}
+				jsonPacketConnWrapper := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
+					packetConnWrapper,
+					"wrapper",
+					packetConnWrapper.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
+					warnings)
+				srv.PacketConnWrappersRaw = append(srv.PacketConnWrappersRaw, jsonPacketConnWrapper)
+			}
+
 			// set up each handler directive, making sure to honor directive order
 			dirRoutes := sblock.pile["route"]
 			siteSubroute, err := buildSubroute(dirRoutes, groupCounter, true)
@@ -769,10 +880,19 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				if srv.Errors == nil {
 					srv.Errors = new(caddyhttp.HTTPErrorConfig)
 				}
+				sort.SliceStable(errorSubrouteVals, func(i, j int) bool {
+					sri, srj := errorSubrouteVals[i].Value.(*caddyhttp.Subroute), errorSubrouteVals[j].Value.(*caddyhttp.Subroute)
+					if len(sri.Routes[0].MatcherSetsRaw) == 0 && len(srj.Routes[0].MatcherSetsRaw) != 0 {
+						return false
+					}
+					return true
+				})
+				errorsSubroute := &caddyhttp.Subroute{}
 				for _, val := range errorSubrouteVals {
 					sr := val.Value.(*caddyhttp.Subroute)
-					srv.Errors.Routes = appendSubrouteToRouteList(srv.Errors.Routes, sr, matcherSetsEnc, p, warnings)
+					errorsSubroute.Routes = append(errorsSubroute.Routes, sr.Routes...)
 				}
+				srv.Errors.Routes = appendSubrouteToRouteList(srv.Errors.Routes, errorsSubroute, matcherSetsEnc, p, warnings)
 			}
 
 			// add log associations
@@ -780,6 +900,15 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			sblockLogHosts := sblock.hostsFromKeys(true)
 			for _, cval := range sblock.pile["custom_log"] {
 				ncl := cval.Value.(namedCustomLog)
+
+				// if `no_hostname` is set, then this logger will not
+				// be associated with any of the site block's hostnames,
+				// and only be usable via the `log_name` directive
+				// or the `access_logger_names` variable
+				if ncl.noHostname {
+					continue
+				}
+
 				if sblock.hasHostCatchAllKey() && len(ncl.hostnames) == 0 {
 					// all requests for hosts not able to be listed should use
 					// this log because it's a catch-all-hosts server block
@@ -788,22 +917,22 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					// if the logger overrides the hostnames, map that to the logger name
 					for _, h := range ncl.hostnames {
 						if srv.Logs.LoggerNames == nil {
-							srv.Logs.LoggerNames = make(map[string]string)
+							srv.Logs.LoggerNames = make(map[string]caddyhttp.StringArray)
 						}
-						srv.Logs.LoggerNames[h] = ncl.name
+						srv.Logs.LoggerNames[h] = append(srv.Logs.LoggerNames[h], ncl.name)
 					}
 				} else {
 					// otherwise, map each host to the logger name
 					for _, h := range sblockLogHosts {
-						if srv.Logs.LoggerNames == nil {
-							srv.Logs.LoggerNames = make(map[string]string)
-						}
 						// strip the port from the host, if any
 						host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(h)
 						if err != nil {
 							host = h
 						}
-						srv.Logs.LoggerNames[host] = ncl.name
+						if srv.Logs.LoggerNames == nil {
+							srv.Logs.LoggerNames = make(map[string]caddyhttp.StringArray)
+						}
+						srv.Logs.LoggerNames[host] = append(srv.Logs.LoggerNames[host], ncl.name)
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -820,6 +949,11 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			}
 		}
 
+		// sort for deterministic JSON output
+		if srv.Logs != nil {
+			slices.Sort(srv.Logs.SkipHosts)
+		}
+
 		// a server cannot (natively) serve both HTTP and HTTPS at the
 		// same time, so make sure the configuration isn't in conflict
 		err := detectConflictingSchemes(srv, p.serverBlocks, options)
@@ -842,7 +976,10 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		if addressQualifiesForTLS &&
 			!hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy &&
 			(len(srv.TLSConnPolicies) > 0 || !autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy || defaultSNI != "" || fallbackSNI != "") {
-			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{DefaultSNI: defaultSNI, FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI})
+			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{
+				DefaultSNI:  defaultSNI,
+				FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI,
+			})
 		}
 
 		// tidy things up a bit
@@ -855,8 +992,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		servers[fmt.Sprintf("srv%d", i)] = srv
 	}
 
-	err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("applying global server options: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -901,7 +1037,7 @@ func detectConflictingSchemes(srv *caddyhttp.Server, serverBlocks []serverBlock,
 	}
 
 	for _, sblock := range serverBlocks {
-		for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+		for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 			if addr.Scheme == "http" || addr.Port == httpPort {
 				if err := checkAndSetHTTP(addr); err != nil {
 					return err
@@ -939,11 +1075,40 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(cps[i], cps[j]) {
-				cps = append(cps[:j], cps[j+1:]...)
+				cps = slices.Delete(cps, j, j+1)
 				i--
 				break
 			}
 
+			// as a special case, if there are adjacent TLS conn policies that are identical except
+			// by their matchers, and the matchers are specifically just ServerName ("sni") matchers
+			// (by far the most common), we can combine them into a single policy
+			if i == j-1 && len(cps[i].MatchersRaw) == 1 && len(cps[j].MatchersRaw) == 1 {
+				if iSNIMatcherJSON, ok := cps[i].MatchersRaw["sni"]; ok {
+					if jSNIMatcherJSON, ok := cps[j].MatchersRaw["sni"]; ok {
+						// position of policies and the matcher criteria check out; if settings are
+						// the same, then we can combine the policies; we have to unmarshal and
+						// remarshal the matchers though
+						if cps[i].SettingsEqual(*cps[j]) {
+							var iSNIMatcher caddytls.MatchServerName
+							if err := json.Unmarshal(iSNIMatcherJSON, &iSNIMatcher); err == nil {
+								var jSNIMatcher caddytls.MatchServerName
+								if err := json.Unmarshal(jSNIMatcherJSON, &jSNIMatcher); err == nil {
+									iSNIMatcher = append(iSNIMatcher, jSNIMatcher...)
+									cps[i].MatchersRaw["sni"], err = json.Marshal(iSNIMatcher)
+									if err != nil {
+										return nil, fmt.Errorf("recombining SNI matchers: %v", err)
+									}
+									cps = slices.Delete(cps, j, j+1)
+									i--
+									break
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
 			// if they have the same matcher, try to reconcile each field: either they must
 			// be identical, or we have to be able to combine them safely
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(cps[i].MatchersRaw, cps[j].MatchersRaw) {
@@ -977,6 +1142,12 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("two policies with same match criteria have conflicting default SNI: %s vs. %s",
 						cps[i].DefaultSNI, cps[j].DefaultSNI)
 				}
+				if cps[i].FallbackSNI != "" &&
+					cps[j].FallbackSNI != "" &&
+					cps[i].FallbackSNI != cps[j].FallbackSNI {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("two policies with same match criteria have conflicting fallback SNI: %s vs. %s",
+						cps[i].FallbackSNI, cps[j].FallbackSNI)
+				}
 				if cps[i].ProtocolMin != "" &&
 					cps[j].ProtocolMin != "" &&
 					cps[i].ProtocolMin != cps[j].ProtocolMin {
@@ -1017,6 +1188,9 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				if cps[i].DefaultSNI == "" && cps[j].DefaultSNI != "" {
 					cps[i].DefaultSNI = cps[j].DefaultSNI
 				}
+				if cps[i].FallbackSNI == "" && cps[j].FallbackSNI != "" {
+					cps[i].FallbackSNI = cps[j].FallbackSNI
+				}
 				if cps[i].ProtocolMin == "" && cps[j].ProtocolMin != "" {
 					cps[i].ProtocolMin = cps[j].ProtocolMin
 				}
@@ -1030,18 +1204,19 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				} else if cps[i].CertSelection != nil && cps[j].CertSelection != nil {
 					// if both have one, then combine AnyTag
 					for _, tag := range cps[j].CertSelection.AnyTag {
-						if !sliceContains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
+						if !slices.Contains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
 							cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag = append(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag)
 						}
 					}
 				}
 
-				cps = append(cps[:j], cps[j+1:]...)
+				cps = slices.Delete(cps, j, j+1)
 				i--
 				break
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	return cps, nil
 }
 
@@ -1113,7 +1288,7 @@ func appendSubrouteToRouteList(routeList caddyhttp.RouteList,
 func buildSubroute(routes []ConfigValue, groupCounter counter, needsSorting bool) (*caddyhttp.Subroute, error) {
 	if needsSorting {
 		for _, val := range routes {
-			if !directiveIsOrdered(val.directive) {
+			if !slices.Contains(directiveOrder, val.directive) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("directive '%s' is not an ordered HTTP handler, so it cannot be used here - try placing within a route block or using the order global option", val.directive)
 			}
 		}
@@ -1260,19 +1435,24 @@ func matcherSetFromMatcherToken(
 	if tkn.Text == "*" {
 		// match all requests == no matchers, so nothing to do
 		return nil, true, nil
-	} else if strings.HasPrefix(tkn.Text, "/") {
-		// convenient way to specify a single path match
+	}
+
+	// convenient way to specify a single path match
+	if strings.HasPrefix(tkn.Text, "/") {
 		return caddy.ModuleMap{
 			"path": caddyconfig.JSON(caddyhttp.MatchPath{tkn.Text}, warnings),
 		}, true, nil
-	} else if strings.HasPrefix(tkn.Text, matcherPrefix) {
-		// pre-defined matcher
+	}
+
+	// pre-defined matcher
+	if strings.HasPrefix(tkn.Text, matcherPrefix) {
 		m, ok := matcherDefs[tkn.Text]
 		if !ok {
 			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized matcher name: %+v", tkn.Text)
 		}
 		return m, true, nil
 	}
+
 	return nil, false, nil
 }
 
@@ -1286,7 +1466,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 	var matcherPairs []*hostPathPair
 
 	var catchAllHosts bool
-	for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 		// choose a matcher pair that should be shared by this
 		// server block; if none exists yet, create one
 		var chosenMatcherPair *hostPathPair
@@ -1318,25 +1498,16 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 
 		// add this server block's keys to the matcher
 		// pair if it doesn't already exist
-		if addr.Host != "" {
-			var found bool
-			for _, h := range chosenMatcherPair.hostm {
-				if h == addr.Host {
-					found = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if !found {
-				chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
-			}
+		if addr.Host != "" && !slices.Contains(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host) {
+			chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// iterate each pairing of host and path matchers and
 	// put them into a map for JSON encoding
-	var matcherSets []map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher
+	var matcherSets []map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError
 	for _, mp := range matcherPairs {
-		matcherSet := make(map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher)
+		matcherSet := make(map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError)
 		if len(mp.hostm) > 0 {
 			matcherSet["host"] = mp.hostm
 		}
@@ -1362,74 +1533,94 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 }
 
 func parseMatcherDefinitions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, matchers map[string]caddy.ModuleMap) error {
-	for d.Next() {
-		// this is the "name" for "named matchers"
-		definitionName := d.Val()
+	d.Next() // advance to the first token
 
-		if _, ok := matchers[definitionName]; ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("matcher is defined more than once: %s", definitionName)
+	// this is the "name" for "named matchers"
+	definitionName := d.Val()
+
+	if _, ok := matchers[definitionName]; ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("matcher is defined more than once: %s", definitionName)
+	}
+	matchers[definitionName] = make(caddy.ModuleMap)
+
+	// given a matcher name and the tokens following it, parse
+	// the tokens as a matcher module and record it
+	makeMatcher := func(matcherName string, tokens []caddyfile.Token) error {
+		// create a new dispenser from the tokens
+		dispenser := caddyfile.NewDispenser(tokens)
+
+		// set the matcher name (without @) in the dispenser context so
+		// that matcher modules can access it to use it as their name
+		// (e.g. regexp matchers which use the name for capture groups)
+		dispenser.SetContext(caddyfile.MatcherNameCtxKey, definitionName[1:])
+
+		mod, err := caddy.GetModule("http.matchers." + matcherName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("getting matcher module '%s': %v", matcherName, err)
+		}
+		unm, ok := mod.New().(caddyfile.Unmarshaler)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a Caddyfile unmarshaler", matcherName)
+		}
+		err = unm.UnmarshalCaddyfile(dispenser)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		matchers[definitionName] = make(caddy.ModuleMap)
 
-		// given a matcher name and the tokens following it, parse
-		// the tokens as a matcher module and record it
-		makeMatcher := func(matcherName string, tokens []caddyfile.Token) error {
-			mod, err := caddy.GetModule("http.matchers." + matcherName)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("getting matcher module '%s': %v", matcherName, err)
-			}
-			unm, ok := mod.New().(caddyfile.Unmarshaler)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a Caddyfile unmarshaler", matcherName)
-			}
-			err = unm.UnmarshalCaddyfile(caddyfile.NewDispenser(tokens))
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcher)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a request matcher", matcherName)
-			}
+		if rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError); ok {
 			matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
 			return nil
 		}
-
-		// if the next token is quoted, we can assume it's not a matcher name
-		// and that it's probably an 'expression' matcher
-		if d.NextArg() {
-			if d.Token().Quoted() {
-				err := makeMatcher("expression", []caddyfile.Token{d.Token()})
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// if it wasn't quoted, then we need to rewind after calling
-			// d.NextArg() so the below properly grabs the matcher name
-			d.Prev()
+		// nolint:staticcheck
+		if rm, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.RequestMatcher); ok {
+			matchers[definitionName][matcherName] = caddyconfig.JSON(rm, nil)
+			return nil
 		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a request matcher", matcherName)
+	}
 
-		// in case there are multiple instances of the same matcher, concatenate
-		// their tokens (we expect that UnmarshalCaddyfile should be able to
-		// handle more than one segment); otherwise, we'd overwrite other
-		// instances of the matcher in this set
-		tokensByMatcherName := make(map[string][]caddyfile.Token)
-		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextArg() || d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-			matcherName := d.Val()
-			tokensByMatcherName[matcherName] = append(tokensByMatcherName[matcherName], d.NextSegment()...)
-		}
-		for matcherName, tokens := range tokensByMatcherName {
-			err := makeMatcher(matcherName, tokens)
+	// if the next token is quoted, we can assume it's not a matcher name
+	// and that it's probably an 'expression' matcher
+	if d.NextArg() {
+		if d.Token().Quoted() {
+			// since it was missing the matcher name, we insert a token
+			// in front of the expression token itself; we use Clone() to
+			// make the new token to keep the same the import location as
+			// the next token, if this is within a snippet or imported file.
+			// see https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/6287
+			expressionToken := d.Token().Clone()
+			expressionToken.Text = "expression"
+			err := makeMatcher("expression", []caddyfile.Token{expressionToken, d.Token()})
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// if it wasn't quoted, then we need to rewind after calling
+		// d.NextArg() so the below properly grabs the matcher name
+		d.Prev()
+	}
+
+	// in case there are multiple instances of the same matcher, concatenate
+	// their tokens (we expect that UnmarshalCaddyfile should be able to
+	// handle more than one segment); otherwise, we'd overwrite other
+	// instances of the matcher in this set
+	tokensByMatcherName := make(map[string][]caddyfile.Token)
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextArg() || d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		matcherName := d.Val()
+		tokensByMatcherName[matcherName] = append(tokensByMatcherName[matcherName], d.NextSegment()...)
+	}
+	for matcherName, tokens := range tokensByMatcherName {
+		err := makeMatcher(matcherName, tokens)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func encodeMatcherSet(matchers map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcher) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
+func encodeMatcherSet(matchers map[string]caddyhttp.RequestMatcherWithError) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
 	msEncoded := make(caddy.ModuleMap)
 	for matcherName, val := range matchers {
 		jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(val)
@@ -1489,16 +1680,6 @@ func tryDuration(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddy.Duration {
 	return durationVal
 }
 
-// sliceContains returns true if needle is in haystack.
-func sliceContains(haystack []string, needle string) bool {
-	for _, s := range haystack {
-		if s == needle {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan returns true if there are any
 // listeners in addresses that use a port which is not otherPort.
 // Mostly borrowed from unexported method in caddyhttp package.
@@ -1519,6 +1700,18 @@ func listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses []string, otherPort string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func mapContains[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V, keys []K) bool {
+	if len(m) == 0 || len(keys) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		if _, ok := m[key]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // specificity returns len(s) minus any wildcards (*) and
 // placeholders ({...}). Basically, it's a length count
 // that penalizes the use of wildcards and placeholders.
@@ -1556,17 +1749,25 @@ func (c counter) nextGroup() string {
 }
 
 type namedCustomLog struct {
-	name      string
-	hostnames []string
-	log       *caddy.CustomLog
+	name       string
+	hostnames  []string
+	log        *caddy.CustomLog
+	noHostname bool
+}
+
+// addressWithProtocols associates a listen address with
+// the protocols to serve it with
+type addressWithProtocols struct {
+	address   string
+	protocols []string
 }
 
 // sbAddrAssociation is a mapping from a list of
-// addresses to a list of server blocks that are
-// served on those addresses.
+// addresses with protocols, and a list of server
+// blocks that are served on those addresses.
 type sbAddrAssociation struct {
-	addresses    []string
-	serverBlocks []serverBlock
+	addressesWithProtocols []addressWithProtocols
+	serverBlocks           []serverBlock
 }
 
 const (

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/options.go

@@ -15,14 +15,17 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/acme"
+	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddytls"
 )
 
@@ -30,19 +33,20 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("debug", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("http_port", parseOptHTTPPort)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("https_port", parseOptHTTPSPort)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptStringList)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptDefaultBind)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("grace_period", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("shutdown_delay", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("default_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("fallback_sni", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("order", parseOptOrder)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("storage", parseOptStorage)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseOptDuration)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_check", parseStorageCheck)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("storage_clean_interval", parseStorageCleanInterval)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("renew_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_interval", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_ca_root", parseOptSingleString)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptACMEDNS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_dns", parseOptDNS)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("acme_eab", parseOptACMEEAB)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_issuer", parseOptCertIssuer)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("skip_install_trust", parseOptTrue)
@@ -52,118 +56,119 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("local_certs", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("key_type", parseOptSingleString)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("auto_https", parseOptAutoHTTPS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("metrics", parseMetricsOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("servers", parseServerOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("ocsp_stapling", parseOCSPStaplingOptions)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("cert_lifetime", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("log", parseLogOptions)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("persist_config", parseOptPersistConfig)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("dns", parseOptDNS)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("ech", parseOptECH)
 }
 
 func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) { return true, nil }
 
 func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var httpPort int
-	for d.Next() {
-		var httpPortStr string
-		if !d.AllArgs(&httpPortStr) {
-			return 0, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		var err error
-		httpPort, err = strconv.Atoi(httpPortStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, d.Errf("converting port '%s' to integer value: %v", httpPortStr, err)
-		}
+	var httpPortStr string
+	if !d.AllArgs(&httpPortStr) {
+		return 0, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	var err error
+	httpPort, err = strconv.Atoi(httpPortStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, d.Errf("converting port '%s' to integer value: %v", httpPortStr, err)
 	}
 	return httpPort, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var httpsPort int
-	for d.Next() {
-		var httpsPortStr string
-		if !d.AllArgs(&httpsPortStr) {
-			return 0, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		var err error
-		httpsPort, err = strconv.Atoi(httpsPortStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, d.Errf("converting port '%s' to integer value: %v", httpsPortStr, err)
-		}
+	var httpsPortStr string
+	if !d.AllArgs(&httpsPortStr) {
+		return 0, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	var err error
+	httpsPort, err = strconv.Atoi(httpsPortStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, d.Errf("converting port '%s' to integer value: %v", httpsPortStr, err)
 	}
 	return httpsPort, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	newOrder := directiveOrder
+	d.Next() // consume option name
 
-	for d.Next() {
-		// get directive name
-		if !d.Next() {
-			return nil, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		dirName := d.Val()
-		if _, ok := registeredDirectives[dirName]; !ok {
-			return nil, d.Errf("%s is not a registered directive", dirName)
-		}
+	// get directive name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	dirName := d.Val()
+	if _, ok := registeredDirectives[dirName]; !ok {
+		return nil, d.Errf("%s is not a registered directive", dirName)
+	}
 
-		// get positional token
-		if !d.Next() {
-			return nil, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		pos := d.Val()
+	// get positional token
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	pos := Positional(d.Val())
 
-		// if directive exists, first remove it
-		for i, d := range newOrder {
-			if d == dirName {
-				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], newOrder[i+1:]...)
-				break
-			}
-		}
+	// if directive already had an order, drop it
+	newOrder := slices.DeleteFunc(directiveOrder, func(d string) bool {
+		return d == dirName
+	})
 
-		// act on the positional
-		switch pos {
-		case "first":
-			newOrder = append([]string{dirName}, newOrder...)
-			if d.NextArg() {
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			directiveOrder = newOrder
-			return newOrder, nil
-		case "last":
-			newOrder = append(newOrder, dirName)
-			if d.NextArg() {
-				return nil, d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			directiveOrder = newOrder
-			return newOrder, nil
-		case "before":
-		case "after":
-		default:
-			return nil, d.Errf("unknown positional '%s'", pos)
-		}
-
-		// get name of other directive
-		if !d.NextArg() {
-			return nil, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		otherDir := d.Val()
+	// act on the positional; if it's First or Last, we're done right away
+	switch pos {
+	case First:
+		newOrder = append([]string{dirName}, newOrder...)
 		if d.NextArg() {
 			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
+		directiveOrder = newOrder
+		return newOrder, nil
 
-		// insert directive into proper position
-		for i, d := range newOrder {
-			if d == otherDir {
-				if pos == "before" {
-					newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
-				} else if pos == "after" {
-					newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
-				}
-				break
-			}
+	case Last:
+		newOrder = append(newOrder, dirName)
+		if d.NextArg() {
+			return nil, d.ArgErr()
 		}
+		directiveOrder = newOrder
+		return newOrder, nil
+
+	// if it's Before or After, continue
+	case Before:
+	case After:
+
+	default:
+		return nil, d.Errf("unknown positional '%s'", pos)
 	}
 
+	// get name of other directive
+	if !d.NextArg() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	otherDir := d.Val()
+	if d.NextArg() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+
+	// get the position of the target directive
+	targetIndex := slices.Index(newOrder, otherDir)
+	if targetIndex == -1 {
+		return nil, d.Errf("directive '%s' not found", otherDir)
+	}
+	// if we're inserting after, we need to increment the index to go after
+	if pos == After {
+		targetIndex++
+	}
+	// insert the directive into the new order
+	newOrder = slices.Insert(newOrder, targetIndex, dirName)
+
 	directiveOrder = newOrder
 
 	return newOrder, nil
@@ -188,6 +193,40 @@ func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return storage, nil
 }
 
+func parseStorageCheck(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	val := d.Val()
+	if d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if val != "off" {
+		return "", d.Errf("storage_check must be 'off'")
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+
+func parseStorageCleanInterval(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	val := d.Val()
+	if d.Next() {
+		return "", d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	if val == "off" {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, d.Errf("failed to parse storage_clean_interval, must be a duration or 'off' %w", err)
+	}
+	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
+}
+
 func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
@@ -202,78 +241,60 @@ func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
 }
 
-func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	if !d.Next() { // get DNS module name
-		return nil, d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
-	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	prov, ok := unm.(certmagic.ACMEDNSProvider)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.ACMEDNSProvider", modID, unm)
-	}
-	return prov, nil
-}
-
 func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	eab := new(acme.EAB)
-	for d.Next() {
-		if d.NextArg() {
-			return nil, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-			switch d.Val() {
-			case "key_id":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				eab.KeyID = d.Val()
-
-			case "mac_key":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				eab.MACKey = d.Val()
-
-			default:
-				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	if d.NextArg() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "key_id":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
+			eab.KeyID = d.Val()
+
+		case "mac_key":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			eab.MACKey = d.Val()
+
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	return eab, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
 	var issuers []certmagic.Issuer
 	if existing != nil {
 		issuers = existing.([]certmagic.Issuer)
 	}
-	for d.Next() { // consume option name
-		if !d.Next() { // get issuer module name
-			return nil, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		modID := "tls.issuance." + d.Val()
-		unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		iss, ok := unm.(certmagic.Issuer)
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.Issuer", modID, unm)
-		}
-		issuers = append(issuers, iss)
+
+	// get issuer module name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
+	modID := "tls.issuance." + d.Val()
+	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	iss, ok := unm.(certmagic.Issuer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a certmagic.Issuer", modID, unm)
+	}
+	issuers = append(issuers, iss)
 	return issuers, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume parameter name
+	d.Next() // consume option name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -284,43 +305,62 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume parameter name
-	val := d.RemainingArgs()
-	if len(val) == 0 {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
+func parseOptDefaultBind(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
+	var addresses, protocols []string
+	addresses = d.RemainingArgs()
+
+	if len(addresses) == 0 {
+		addresses = append(addresses, "")
 	}
-	return val, nil
+
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "protocols":
+			protocols = d.RemainingArgs()
+			if len(protocols) == 0 {
+				return nil, d.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
+			}
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
+		addresses: addresses,
+		protocols: protocols,
+	}}}, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
 	adminCfg := new(caddy.AdminConfig)
-	for d.Next() {
-		if d.NextArg() {
-			listenAddress := d.Val()
-			if listenAddress == "off" {
-				adminCfg.Disabled = true
-				if d.Next() { // Do not accept any remaining options including block
-					return nil, d.Err("No more option is allowed after turning off admin config")
-				}
-			} else {
-				adminCfg.Listen = listenAddress
-				if d.NextArg() { // At most 1 arg is allowed
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
+	if d.NextArg() {
+		listenAddress := d.Val()
+		if listenAddress == "off" {
+			adminCfg.Disabled = true
+			if d.Next() { // Do not accept any remaining options including block
+				return nil, d.Err("No more option is allowed after turning off admin config")
+			}
+		} else {
+			adminCfg.Listen = listenAddress
+			if d.NextArg() { // At most 1 arg is allowed
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
 		}
-		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-			switch d.Val() {
-			case "enforce_origin":
-				adminCfg.EnforceOrigin = true
+	}
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "enforce_origin":
+			adminCfg.EnforceOrigin = true
 
-			case "origins":
-				adminCfg.Origins = d.RemainingArgs()
+		case "origins":
+			adminCfg.Origins = d.RemainingArgs()
 
-			default:
-				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
-			}
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	if adminCfg.Listen == "" && !adminCfg.Disabled {
@@ -330,57 +370,58 @@ func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 }
 
 func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	if d.NextArg() {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+
 	var ond *caddytls.OnDemandConfig
-	for d.Next() {
-		if d.NextArg() {
-			return nil, d.ArgErr()
-		}
-		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-			switch d.Val() {
-			case "ask":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				if ond == nil {
-					ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
-				}
-				ond.Ask = d.Val()
 
-			case "interval":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if ond == nil {
-					ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
-				}
-				if ond.RateLimit == nil {
-					ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
-				}
-				ond.RateLimit.Interval = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-			case "burst":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				burst, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if ond == nil {
-					ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
-				}
-				if ond.RateLimit == nil {
-					ond.RateLimit = new(caddytls.RateLimit)
-				}
-				ond.RateLimit.Burst = burst
-
-			default:
-				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "ask":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
+			if ond == nil {
+				ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
+			}
+			if ond.PermissionRaw != nil {
+				return nil, d.Err("on-demand TLS permission module (or 'ask') already specified")
+			}
+			perm := caddytls.PermissionByHTTP{Endpoint: d.Val()}
+			ond.PermissionRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(perm, "module", "http", nil)
+
+		case "permission":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			if ond == nil {
+				ond = new(caddytls.OnDemandConfig)
+			}
+			if ond.PermissionRaw != nil {
+				return nil, d.Err("on-demand TLS permission module (or 'ask') already specified")
+			}
+			modName := d.Val()
+			modID := "tls.permission." + modName
+			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			perm, ok := unm.(caddytls.OnDemandPermission)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not an on-demand TLS permission module", modID, unm)
+			}
+			ond.PermissionRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(perm, "module", modName, nil)
+
+		case "interval":
+			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'interval' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
+
+		case "burst":
+			return nil, d.Errf("the on_demand_tls 'burst' option is no longer supported, remove it from your config")
+
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized parameter '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	if ond == nil {
@@ -390,7 +431,7 @@ func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 }
 
 func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume parameter name
+	d.Next() // consume option name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -405,20 +446,45 @@ func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 }
 
 func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
-	d.Next() // consume parameter name
-	if !d.Next() {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	val := d.RemainingArgs()
+	if len(val) == 0 {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
-	val := d.Val()
-	if d.Next() {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	if val != "off" && val != "disable_redirects" && val != "disable_certs" && val != "ignore_loaded_certs" {
-		return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', or 'ignore_loaded_certs'")
+	for _, v := range val {
+		switch v {
+		case "off":
+		case "disable_redirects":
+		case "disable_certs":
+		case "ignore_loaded_certs":
+		case "prefer_wildcard":
+		default:
+			return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', 'ignore_loaded_certs', or 'prefer_wildcard'")
+		}
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }
 
+func unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	metrics := new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "per_host":
+			metrics.PerHost = true
+		case "observe_catchall_hosts":
+			metrics.ObserveCatchallHosts = true
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+	return metrics, nil
+}
+
+func parseMetricsOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	return unmarshalCaddyfileMetricsOptions(d)
+}
+
 func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d)
 }
@@ -488,3 +554,74 @@ func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next()
 	return caddytls.ParseCaddyfilePreferredChainsOptions(d)
 }
+
+func parseOptDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+	optName := d.Val()
+
+	// get DNS module name
+	if !d.Next() {
+		// this is allowed if this is the "acme_dns" option since it may refer to the globally-configured "dns" option's value
+		if optName == "acme_dns" {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+	modID := "dns.providers." + d.Val()
+	unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	switch unm.(type) {
+	case libdns.RecordGetter,
+		libdns.RecordSetter,
+		libdns.RecordAppender,
+		libdns.RecordDeleter:
+	default:
+		return nil, d.Errf("module %s (%T) is not a libdns provider", modID, unm)
+	}
+	return unm, nil
+}
+
+func parseOptECH(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
+	ech := new(caddytls.ECH)
+
+	publicNames := d.RemainingArgs()
+	for _, publicName := range publicNames {
+		ech.Configs = append(ech.Configs, caddytls.ECHConfiguration{
+			PublicName: publicName,
+		})
+	}
+	if len(ech.Configs) == 0 {
+		return nil, d.ArgErr()
+	}
+
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "dns":
+			if !d.Next() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			providerName := d.Val()
+			modID := "dns.providers." + providerName
+			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			ech.Publication = append(ech.Publication, &caddytls.ECHPublication{
+				Configs: publicNames,
+				PublishersRaw: caddy.ModuleMap{
+					"dns": caddyconfig.JSON(caddytls.ECHDNSPublisher{
+						ProviderRaw: caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(unm, "name", providerName, nil),
+					}, nil),
+				},
+			})
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("ech: unrecognized subdirective '%s'", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ech, nil
+}

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/pkiapp.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"slices"
+
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
@@ -48,124 +50,124 @@ func init() {
 //
 // When the CA ID is unspecified, 'local' is assumed.
 func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
-	pki := &caddypki.PKI{CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA)}
+	d.Next() // consume app name
 
-	for d.Next() {
-		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-			switch d.Val() {
-			case "ca":
-				pkiCa := new(caddypki.CA)
+	pki := &caddypki.PKI{
+		CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA),
+	}
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "ca":
+			pkiCa := new(caddypki.CA)
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				pkiCa.ID = d.Val()
 				if d.NextArg() {
-					pkiCa.ID = d.Val()
-					if d.NextArg() {
+					return nil, d.ArgErr()
+				}
+			}
+			if pkiCa.ID == "" {
+				pkiCa.ID = caddypki.DefaultCAID
+			}
+
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				switch d.Val() {
+				case "name":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
 						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
-				}
-				if pkiCa.ID == "" {
-					pkiCa.ID = caddypki.DefaultCAID
-				}
+					pkiCa.Name = d.Val()
 
-				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-					switch d.Val() {
-					case "name":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						pkiCa.Name = d.Val()
-
-					case "root_cn":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						pkiCa.RootCommonName = d.Val()
-
-					case "intermediate_cn":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						pkiCa.IntermediateCommonName = d.Val()
-
-					case "intermediate_lifetime":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, err
-						}
-						pkiCa.IntermediateLifetime = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-					case "root":
-						if pkiCa.Root == nil {
-							pkiCa.Root = new(caddypki.KeyPair)
-						}
-						for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-							switch d.Val() {
-							case "cert":
-								if !d.NextArg() {
-									return nil, d.ArgErr()
-								}
-								pkiCa.Root.Certificate = d.Val()
-
-							case "key":
-								if !d.NextArg() {
-									return nil, d.ArgErr()
-								}
-								pkiCa.Root.PrivateKey = d.Val()
-
-							case "format":
-								if !d.NextArg() {
-									return nil, d.ArgErr()
-								}
-								pkiCa.Root.Format = d.Val()
-
-							default:
-								return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca root option '%s'", d.Val())
-							}
-						}
-
-					case "intermediate":
-						if pkiCa.Intermediate == nil {
-							pkiCa.Intermediate = new(caddypki.KeyPair)
-						}
-						for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-							switch d.Val() {
-							case "cert":
-								if !d.NextArg() {
-									return nil, d.ArgErr()
-								}
-								pkiCa.Intermediate.Certificate = d.Val()
-
-							case "key":
-								if !d.NextArg() {
-									return nil, d.ArgErr()
-								}
-								pkiCa.Intermediate.PrivateKey = d.Val()
-
-							case "format":
-								if !d.NextArg() {
-									return nil, d.ArgErr()
-								}
-								pkiCa.Intermediate.Format = d.Val()
-
-							default:
-								return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca intermediate option '%s'", d.Val())
-							}
-						}
-
-					default:
-						return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca option '%s'", d.Val())
+				case "root_cn":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
 					}
+					pkiCa.RootCommonName = d.Val()
+
+				case "intermediate_cn":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					pkiCa.IntermediateCommonName = d.Val()
+
+				case "intermediate_lifetime":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, err
+					}
+					pkiCa.IntermediateLifetime = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+				case "root":
+					if pkiCa.Root == nil {
+						pkiCa.Root = new(caddypki.KeyPair)
+					}
+					for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+						switch d.Val() {
+						case "cert":
+							if !d.NextArg() {
+								return nil, d.ArgErr()
+							}
+							pkiCa.Root.Certificate = d.Val()
+
+						case "key":
+							if !d.NextArg() {
+								return nil, d.ArgErr()
+							}
+							pkiCa.Root.PrivateKey = d.Val()
+
+						case "format":
+							if !d.NextArg() {
+								return nil, d.ArgErr()
+							}
+							pkiCa.Root.Format = d.Val()
+
+						default:
+							return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca root option '%s'", d.Val())
+						}
+					}
+
+				case "intermediate":
+					if pkiCa.Intermediate == nil {
+						pkiCa.Intermediate = new(caddypki.KeyPair)
+					}
+					for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+						switch d.Val() {
+						case "cert":
+							if !d.NextArg() {
+								return nil, d.ArgErr()
+							}
+							pkiCa.Intermediate.Certificate = d.Val()
+
+						case "key":
+							if !d.NextArg() {
+								return nil, d.ArgErr()
+							}
+							pkiCa.Intermediate.PrivateKey = d.Val()
+
+						case "format":
+							if !d.NextArg() {
+								return nil, d.ArgErr()
+							}
+							pkiCa.Intermediate.Format = d.Val()
+
+						default:
+							return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca intermediate option '%s'", d.Val())
+						}
+					}
+
+				default:
+					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki ca option '%s'", d.Val())
 				}
-
-				pki.CAs[pkiCa.ID] = pkiCa
-
-			default:
-				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki option '%s'", d.Val())
 			}
+
+			pki.CAs[pkiCa.ID] = pkiCa
+
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized pki option '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
-
 	return pki, nil
 }
 
@@ -178,6 +180,15 @@ func (st ServerType) buildPKIApp(
 	if _, ok := options["skip_install_trust"]; ok {
 		skipInstallTrust = true
 	}
+
+	// check if auto_https is off - in that case we should not create
+	// any PKI infrastructure even with skip_install_trust directive
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
+		autoHTTPS = ah
+	}
+	autoHTTPSOff := slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off")
+
 	falseBool := false
 
 	// Load the PKI app configured via global options
@@ -218,7 +229,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildPKIApp(
 	// if there was no CAs defined in any of the servers,
 	// and we were requested to not install trust, then
 	// add one for the default/local CA to do so
-	if len(pkiApp.CAs) == 0 && skipInstallTrust {
+	// only if auto_https is not completely disabled
+	if len(pkiApp.CAs) == 0 && skipInstallTrust && !autoHTTPSOff {
 		ca := new(caddypki.CA)
 		ca.ID = caddypki.DefaultCAID
 		ca.InstallTrust = &falseBool

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/serveroptions.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 
@@ -34,247 +36,281 @@ type serverOptions struct {
 	ListenerAddress string
 
 	// These will all map 1:1 to the caddyhttp.Server struct
-	Name                 string
-	ListenerWrappersRaw  []json.RawMessage
-	ReadTimeout          caddy.Duration
-	ReadHeaderTimeout    caddy.Duration
-	WriteTimeout         caddy.Duration
-	IdleTimeout          caddy.Duration
-	KeepAliveInterval    caddy.Duration
-	MaxHeaderBytes       int
-	EnableFullDuplex     bool
-	Protocols            []string
-	StrictSNIHost        *bool
-	TrustedProxiesRaw    json.RawMessage
-	ClientIPHeaders      []string
-	ShouldLogCredentials bool
-	Metrics              *caddyhttp.Metrics
+	Name                  string
+	ListenerWrappersRaw   []json.RawMessage
+	PacketConnWrappersRaw []json.RawMessage
+	ReadTimeout           caddy.Duration
+	ReadHeaderTimeout     caddy.Duration
+	WriteTimeout          caddy.Duration
+	IdleTimeout           caddy.Duration
+	KeepAliveInterval     caddy.Duration
+	KeepAliveIdle         caddy.Duration
+	KeepAliveCount        int
+	MaxHeaderBytes        int
+	EnableFullDuplex      bool
+	Protocols             []string
+	StrictSNIHost         *bool
+	TrustedProxiesRaw     json.RawMessage
+	TrustedProxiesStrict  int
+	TrustedProxiesUnix    bool
+	ClientIPHeaders       []string
+	ShouldLogCredentials  bool
+	Metrics               *caddyhttp.Metrics
+	Trace                 bool // TODO: EXPERIMENTAL
 }
 
 func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
+	d.Next() // consume option name
+
 	serverOpts := serverOptions{}
-	for d.Next() {
+	if d.NextArg() {
+		serverOpts.ListenerAddress = d.Val()
 		if d.NextArg() {
-			serverOpts.ListenerAddress = d.Val()
-			if d.NextArg() {
+			return nil, d.ArgErr()
+		}
+	}
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "name":
+			if serverOpts.ListenerAddress == "" {
+				return nil, d.Errf("cannot set a name for a server without a listener address")
+			}
+			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return nil, d.ArgErr()
 			}
-		}
-		for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-			switch d.Val() {
-			case "name":
-				if serverOpts.ListenerAddress == "" {
-					return nil, d.Errf("cannot set a name for a server without a listener address")
-				}
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				serverOpts.Name = d.Val()
+			serverOpts.Name = d.Val()
 
-			case "listener_wrappers":
-				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-					modID := "caddy.listeners." + d.Val()
-					unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-					listenerWrapper, ok := unm.(caddy.ListenerWrapper)
-					if !ok {
-						return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not a listener wrapper", modID, unm)
-					}
-					jsonListenerWrapper := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
-						listenerWrapper,
-						"wrapper",
-						listenerWrapper.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
-						nil,
-					)
-					serverOpts.ListenerWrappersRaw = append(serverOpts.ListenerWrappersRaw, jsonListenerWrapper)
-				}
-
-			case "timeouts":
-				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-					switch d.Val() {
-					case "read_body":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, d.Errf("parsing read_body timeout duration: %v", err)
-						}
-						serverOpts.ReadTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-					case "read_header":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, d.Errf("parsing read_header timeout duration: %v", err)
-						}
-						serverOpts.ReadHeaderTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-					case "write":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, d.Errf("parsing write timeout duration: %v", err)
-						}
-						serverOpts.WriteTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-					case "idle":
-						if !d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, d.Errf("parsing idle timeout duration: %v", err)
-						}
-						serverOpts.IdleTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-					default:
-						return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized timeouts option '%s'", d.Val())
-					}
-				}
-			case "keepalive_interval":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive interval duration: %v", err)
-				}
-				serverOpts.KeepAliveInterval = caddy.Duration(dur)
-
-			case "max_header_size":
-				var sizeStr string
-				if !d.AllArgs(&sizeStr) {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				size, err := humanize.ParseBytes(sizeStr)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, d.Errf("parsing max_header_size: %v", err)
-				}
-				serverOpts.MaxHeaderBytes = int(size)
-
-			case "enable_full_duplex":
-				if d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				serverOpts.EnableFullDuplex = true
-
-			case "log_credentials":
-				if d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				serverOpts.ShouldLogCredentials = true
-
-			case "protocols":
-				protos := d.RemainingArgs()
-				for _, proto := range protos {
-					if proto != "h1" && proto != "h2" && proto != "h2c" && proto != "h3" {
-						return nil, d.Errf("unknown protocol '%s': expected h1, h2, h2c, or h3", proto)
-					}
-					if sliceContains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
-						return nil, d.Errf("protocol %s specified more than once", proto)
-					}
-					serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, proto)
-				}
-				if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-
-			case "strict_sni_host":
-				if d.NextArg() && d.Val() != "insecure_off" && d.Val() != "on" {
-					return nil, d.Errf("strict_sni_host only supports 'on' or 'insecure_off', got '%s'", d.Val())
-				}
-				boolVal := true
-				if d.Val() == "insecure_off" {
-					boolVal = false
-				}
-				serverOpts.StrictSNIHost = &boolVal
-
-			case "trusted_proxies":
-				if !d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.Err("trusted_proxies expects an IP range source module name as its first argument")
-				}
-				modID := "http.ip_sources." + d.Val()
+		case "listener_wrappers":
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				modID := "caddy.listeners." + d.Val()
 				unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
-				source, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.IPRangeSource)
+				listenerWrapper, ok := unm.(caddy.ListenerWrapper)
 				if !ok {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not an IP range source", modID, unm)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not a listener wrapper", modID, unm)
 				}
-				jsonSource := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
-					source,
-					"source",
-					source.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
+				jsonListenerWrapper := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
+					listenerWrapper,
+					"wrapper",
+					listenerWrapper.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
 					nil,
 				)
-				serverOpts.TrustedProxiesRaw = jsonSource
-
-			case "client_ip_headers":
-				headers := d.RemainingArgs()
-				for _, header := range headers {
-					if sliceContains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
-						return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
-					}
-					serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
-				}
-				if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-
-			case "metrics":
-				if d.NextArg() {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
-					return nil, d.ArgErr()
-				}
-				serverOpts.Metrics = new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
-
-			// TODO: DEPRECATED. (August 2022)
-			case "protocol":
-				caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("DEPRECATED: protocol sub-option will be removed soon")
-
-				for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
-					switch d.Val() {
-					case "allow_h2c":
-						caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("DEPRECATED: allow_h2c will be removed soon; use protocols option instead")
-
-						if d.NextArg() {
-							return nil, d.ArgErr()
-						}
-						if sliceContains(serverOpts.Protocols, "h2c") {
-							return nil, d.Errf("protocol h2c already specified")
-						}
-						serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, "h2c")
-
-					case "strict_sni_host":
-						caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("DEPRECATED: protocol > strict_sni_host in this position will be removed soon; move up to the servers block instead")
-
-						if d.NextArg() && d.Val() != "insecure_off" && d.Val() != "on" {
-							return nil, d.Errf("strict_sni_host only supports 'on' or 'insecure_off', got '%s'", d.Val())
-						}
-						boolVal := true
-						if d.Val() == "insecure_off" {
-							boolVal = false
-						}
-						serverOpts.StrictSNIHost = &boolVal
-
-					default:
-						return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized protocol option '%s'", d.Val())
-					}
-				}
-
-			default:
-				return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
+				serverOpts.ListenerWrappersRaw = append(serverOpts.ListenerWrappersRaw, jsonListenerWrapper)
 			}
+
+		case "packet_conn_wrappers":
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				modID := "caddy.packetconns." + d.Val()
+				unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				packetConnWrapper, ok := unm.(caddy.PacketConnWrapper)
+				if !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not a packet conn wrapper", modID, unm)
+				}
+				jsonPacketConnWrapper := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
+					packetConnWrapper,
+					"wrapper",
+					packetConnWrapper.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
+					nil,
+				)
+				serverOpts.PacketConnWrappersRaw = append(serverOpts.PacketConnWrappersRaw, jsonPacketConnWrapper)
+			}
+
+		case "timeouts":
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				switch d.Val() {
+				case "read_body":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("parsing read_body timeout duration: %v", err)
+					}
+					serverOpts.ReadTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+				case "read_header":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("parsing read_header timeout duration: %v", err)
+					}
+					serverOpts.ReadHeaderTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+				case "write":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("parsing write timeout duration: %v", err)
+					}
+					serverOpts.WriteTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+				case "idle":
+					if !d.NextArg() {
+						return nil, d.ArgErr()
+					}
+					dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, d.Errf("parsing idle timeout duration: %v", err)
+					}
+					serverOpts.IdleTimeout = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+				default:
+					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized timeouts option '%s'", d.Val())
+				}
+			}
+
+		case "keepalive_interval":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive interval duration: %v", err)
+			}
+			serverOpts.KeepAliveInterval = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+		case "keepalive_idle":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			dur, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive idle duration: %v", err)
+			}
+			serverOpts.KeepAliveIdle = caddy.Duration(dur)
+
+		case "keepalive_count":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			cnt, err := strconv.ParseInt(d.Val(), 10, 32)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, d.Errf("parsing keepalive count int: %v", err)
+			}
+			serverOpts.KeepAliveCount = int(cnt)
+
+		case "max_header_size":
+			var sizeStr string
+			if !d.AllArgs(&sizeStr) {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			size, err := humanize.ParseBytes(sizeStr)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, d.Errf("parsing max_header_size: %v", err)
+			}
+			serverOpts.MaxHeaderBytes = int(size)
+
+		case "enable_full_duplex":
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			serverOpts.EnableFullDuplex = true
+
+		case "log_credentials":
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			serverOpts.ShouldLogCredentials = true
+
+		case "protocols":
+			protos := d.RemainingArgs()
+			for _, proto := range protos {
+				if proto != "h1" && proto != "h2" && proto != "h2c" && proto != "h3" {
+					return nil, d.Errf("unknown protocol '%s': expected h1, h2, h2c, or h3", proto)
+				}
+				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
+					return nil, d.Errf("protocol %s specified more than once", proto)
+				}
+				serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, proto)
+			}
+			if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+
+		case "strict_sni_host":
+			if d.NextArg() && d.Val() != "insecure_off" && d.Val() != "on" {
+				return nil, d.Errf("strict_sni_host only supports 'on' or 'insecure_off', got '%s'", d.Val())
+			}
+			boolVal := true
+			if d.Val() == "insecure_off" {
+				boolVal = false
+			}
+			serverOpts.StrictSNIHost = &boolVal
+
+		case "trusted_proxies":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.Err("trusted_proxies expects an IP range source module name as its first argument")
+			}
+			modID := "http.ip_sources." + d.Val()
+			unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(d, modID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			source, ok := unm.(caddyhttp.IPRangeSource)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %s (%T) is not an IP range source", modID, unm)
+			}
+			jsonSource := caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(
+				source,
+				"source",
+				source.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(),
+				nil,
+			)
+			serverOpts.TrustedProxiesRaw = jsonSource
+
+		case "trusted_proxies_strict":
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			serverOpts.TrustedProxiesStrict = 1
+
+		case "trusted_proxies_unix":
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			serverOpts.TrustedProxiesUnix = true
+
+		case "client_ip_headers":
+			headers := d.RemainingArgs()
+			for _, header := range headers {
+				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
+					return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
+				}
+				serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
+			}
+			if nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting) {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+
+		case "metrics":
+			caddy.Log().Warn("The nested 'metrics' option inside `servers` is deprecated and will be removed in the next major version. Use the global 'metrics' option instead.")
+			serverOpts.Metrics = new(caddyhttp.Metrics)
+			for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+				switch d.Val() {
+				case "per_host":
+					serverOpts.Metrics.PerHost = true
+				default:
+					return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized metrics option '%s'", d.Val())
+				}
+			}
+
+		case "trace":
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				return nil, d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			serverOpts.Trace = true
+
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unrecognized servers option '%s'", d.Val())
 		}
 	}
 	return serverOpts, nil
@@ -284,7 +320,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 func applyServerOptions(
 	servers map[string]*caddyhttp.Server,
 	options map[string]any,
-	warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning,
+	_ *[]caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) error {
 	serverOpts, ok := options["servers"].([]serverOptions)
 	if !ok {
@@ -308,45 +344,48 @@ func applyServerOptions(
 
 	for key, server := range servers {
 		// find the options that apply to this server
-		opts := func() *serverOptions {
-			for _, entry := range serverOpts {
-				if entry.ListenerAddress == "" {
-					return &entry
-				}
-				for _, listener := range server.Listen {
-					if entry.ListenerAddress == listener {
-						return &entry
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return nil
-		}()
+		optsIndex := slices.IndexFunc(serverOpts, func(s serverOptions) bool {
+			return s.ListenerAddress == "" || slices.Contains(server.Listen, s.ListenerAddress)
+		})
 
 		// if none apply, then move to the next server
-		if opts == nil {
+		if optsIndex == -1 {
 			continue
 		}
+		opts := serverOpts[optsIndex]
 
 		// set all the options
 		server.ListenerWrappersRaw = opts.ListenerWrappersRaw
+		server.PacketConnWrappersRaw = opts.PacketConnWrappersRaw
 		server.ReadTimeout = opts.ReadTimeout
 		server.ReadHeaderTimeout = opts.ReadHeaderTimeout
 		server.WriteTimeout = opts.WriteTimeout
 		server.IdleTimeout = opts.IdleTimeout
 		server.KeepAliveInterval = opts.KeepAliveInterval
+		server.KeepAliveIdle = opts.KeepAliveIdle
+		server.KeepAliveCount = opts.KeepAliveCount
 		server.MaxHeaderBytes = opts.MaxHeaderBytes
 		server.EnableFullDuplex = opts.EnableFullDuplex
 		server.Protocols = opts.Protocols
 		server.StrictSNIHost = opts.StrictSNIHost
 		server.TrustedProxiesRaw = opts.TrustedProxiesRaw
 		server.ClientIPHeaders = opts.ClientIPHeaders
+		server.TrustedProxiesStrict = opts.TrustedProxiesStrict
+		server.TrustedProxiesUnix = opts.TrustedProxiesUnix
 		server.Metrics = opts.Metrics
 		if opts.ShouldLogCredentials {
 			if server.Logs == nil {
-				server.Logs = &caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig{}
+				server.Logs = new(caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig)
 			}
 			server.Logs.ShouldLogCredentials = opts.ShouldLogCredentials
 		}
+		if opts.Trace {
+			// TODO: THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL (MAY 2024)
+			if server.Logs == nil {
+				server.Logs = new(caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig)
+			}
+			server.Logs.Trace = opts.Trace
+		}
 
 		if opts.Name != "" {
 			nameReplacements[key] = opts.Name

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/shorthands.go

@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ func NewShorthandReplacer() ShorthandReplacer {
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{path\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.uri.path.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{file\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.uri.path.file.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{query\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.request.uri.query.$1}"},
-		{regexp.MustCompile(`{re\.([\w-]*)\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.regexp.$1.$2}"},
+		{regexp.MustCompile(`{re\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.regexp.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{vars\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.vars.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{rp\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.reverse_proxy.$1}"},
+		{regexp.MustCompile(`{resp\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.intercept.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{err\.([\w-\.]*)}`), "{http.error.$1}"},
 		{regexp.MustCompile(`{file_match\.([\w-]*)}`), "{http.matchers.file.$1}"},
 	}
@@ -51,19 +52,31 @@ func NewShorthandReplacer() ShorthandReplacer {
 // be used in the Caddyfile, and the right is the replacement.
 func placeholderShorthands() []string {
 	return []string{
-		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
-		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{host}", "{http.request.host}",
 		"{hostport}", "{http.request.hostport}",
 		"{port}", "{http.request.port}",
+		"{orig_method}", "{http.request.orig_method}",
+		"{orig_uri}", "{http.request.orig_uri}",
+		"{orig_path}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path}",
+		"{orig_dir}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.dir}",
+		"{orig_file}", "{http.request.orig_uri.path.file}",
+		"{orig_query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.query}",
+		"{orig_?query}", "{http.request.orig_uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{method}", "{http.request.method}",
+		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
+		"{%uri}", "{http.request.uri_escaped}",
 		"{path}", "{http.request.uri.path}",
+		"{%path}", "{http.request.uri.path_escaped}",
+		"{dir}", "{http.request.uri.path.dir}",
+		"{file}", "{http.request.uri.path.file}",
 		"{query}", "{http.request.uri.query}",
+		"{%query}", "{http.request.uri.query_escaped}",
+		"{?query}", "{http.request.uri.prefixed_query}",
 		"{remote}", "{http.request.remote}",
 		"{remote_host}", "{http.request.remote.host}",
 		"{remote_port}", "{http.request.remote.port}",
 		"{scheme}", "{http.request.scheme}",
-		"{uri}", "{http.request.uri}",
+		"{uuid}", "{http.request.uuid}",
 		"{tls_cipher}", "{http.request.tls.cipher_suite}",
 		"{tls_version}", "{http.request.tls.version}",
 		"{tls_client_fingerprint}", "{http.request.tls.client.fingerprint}",

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/tlsapp.go

@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/mholt/acmez/acme"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	if hp, ok := options["http_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpPort = strconv.Itoa(hp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := "on"
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 
@@ -53,23 +54,25 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	// key, so that they don't get forgotten/omitted by auto-HTTPS
 	// (since they won't appear in route matchers)
 	httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey := make(map[string]struct{})
-	if autoHTTPS != "off" {
+	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") {
 		for _, pair := range pairings {
 			for _, sb := range pair.serverBlocks {
-				for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-					if addr.Host == "" {
-						// this server block has a hostless key, now
-						// go through and add all the hosts to the set
-						for _, otherAddr := range sb.keys {
-							if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
-								continue
-							}
-							if otherAddr.Host != "" && otherAddr.Scheme != "http" && otherAddr.Port != httpPort {
-								httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey[otherAddr.Host] = struct{}{}
-							}
-						}
-						break
+				for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+					if addr.Host != "" {
+						continue
 					}
+
+					// this server block has a hostless key, now
+					// go through and add all the hosts to the set
+					for _, otherAddr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+						if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
+							continue
+						}
+						if otherAddr.Host != "" && otherAddr.Scheme != "http" && otherAddr.Port != httpPort {
+							httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey[otherAddr.Host] = struct{}{}
+						}
+					}
+					break
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -89,9 +92,33 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, catchAllAP)
 	}
 
+	var wildcardHosts []string                        // collect all hosts that have a wildcard in them, and aren't HTTP
+	forcedAutomatedNames := make(map[string]struct{}) // explicitly configured to be automated, even if covered by a wildcard
+
+	for _, p := range pairings {
+		var addresses []string
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+		}
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") {
+					wildcardHosts = append(wildcardHosts, addr.Host[2:])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	for _, p := range pairings {
 		// avoid setting up TLS automation policies for a server that is HTTP-only
-		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(p.addresses, httpPort) {
+		var addresses []string
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+		}
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -108,6 +135,12 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				return nil, warnings, err
 			}
 
+			// make a plain copy so we can compare whether we made any changes
+			apCopy, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, warnings, err
+			}
+
 			sblockHosts := sblock.hostsFromKeys(false)
 			if len(sblockHosts) == 0 && catchAllAP != nil {
 				ap = catchAllAP
@@ -118,6 +151,18 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				ap.OnDemand = true
 			}
 
+			// collect hosts that are forced to have certs automated for their specific name
+			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.force_automate"]; ok {
+				for _, host := range sblockHosts {
+					forcedAutomatedNames[host] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// reuse private keys tls
+			if _, ok := sblock.pile["tls.reuse_private_keys"]; ok {
+				ap.ReusePrivateKeys = true
+			}
+
 			if keyTypeVals, ok := sblock.pile["tls.key_type"]; ok {
 				ap.KeyType = keyTypeVals[0].Value.(string)
 			}
@@ -176,8 +221,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					if acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "" {
 						// only binding to one host is supported
 						var bindHost string
-						if bindHosts, ok := cfgVal.Value.([]string); ok && len(bindHosts) > 0 {
-							bindHost = bindHosts[0]
+						if asserted, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(asserted.addresses) > 0 {
+							bindHost = asserted.addresses[0]
 						}
 						acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = bindHost
 					}
@@ -205,9 +250,21 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				catchAllAP = ap
 			}
 
+			hostsNotHTTP := sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
+			sort.Strings(hostsNotHTTP) // solely for deterministic test results
+
+			// if the we prefer wildcards and the AP is unchanged,
+			// then we can skip this AP because it should be covered
+			// by an AP with a wildcard
+			if slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "prefer_wildcard") {
+				if hostsCoveredByWildcard(hostsNotHTTP, wildcardHosts) &&
+					reflect.DeepEqual(ap, apCopy) {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
 			// associate our new automation policy with this server block's hosts
-			ap.SubjectsRaw = sblock.hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort)
-			sort.Strings(ap.SubjectsRaw) // solely for deterministic test results
+			ap.SubjectsRaw = hostsNotHTTP
 
 			// if a combination of public and internal names were given
 			// for this same server block and no issuer was specified, we
@@ -219,7 +276,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 				var internal, external []string
 				for _, s := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
 					// do not create Issuers for Tailscale domains; they will be given a Manager instead
-					if strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(s), ".ts.net") {
+					if isTailscaleDomain(s) {
 						continue
 					}
 					if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForCert(s) {
@@ -246,6 +303,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					ap2.IssuersRaw = []json.RawMessage{caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(caddytls.InternalIssuer{}, "module", "internal", &warnings)}
 				}
 			}
+
 			if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
 				tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
 			}
@@ -280,7 +338,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					combined = reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(cl)).Elem()
 				}
 				clVal := reflect.ValueOf(cl)
-				for i := 0; i < clVal.Len(); i++ {
+				for i := range clVal.Len() {
 					combined = reflect.Append(combined, clVal.Index(i))
 				}
 				loadersByName[name] = combined.Interface().(caddytls.CertificateLoader)
@@ -299,6 +357,42 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		tlsApp.Automation.OnDemand = onDemand
 	}
 
+	// set up "global" (to the TLS app) DNS provider config
+	if globalDNS, ok := options["dns"]; ok && globalDNS != nil {
+		tlsApp.DNSRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalDNS, "name", globalDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
+	}
+
+	// set up ECH from Caddyfile options
+	if ech, ok := options["ech"].(*caddytls.ECH); ok {
+		tlsApp.EncryptedClientHello = ech
+
+		// outer server names will need certificates, so make sure they're included
+		// in an automation policy for them that applies any global options
+		ap, err := newBaseAutomationPolicy(options, warnings, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, warnings, err
+		}
+		for _, cfg := range ech.Configs {
+			if cfg.PublicName != "" {
+				ap.SubjectsRaw = append(ap.SubjectsRaw, cfg.PublicName)
+			}
+		}
+		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
+			tlsApp.Automation = new(caddytls.AutomationConfig)
+		}
+		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = append(tlsApp.Automation.Policies, ap)
+	}
+
+	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
+	if sc, ok := options["storage_check"].(string); ok && sc == "off" {
+		tlsApp.DisableStorageCheck = true
+	}
+
+	// if the storage clean interval is a boolean, then it's "off" to disable cleaning
+	if sci, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(bool); ok && !sci {
+		tlsApp.DisableStorageClean = true
+	}
+
 	// set the storage clean interval if configured
 	if storageCleanInterval, ok := options["storage_clean_interval"].(caddy.Duration); ok {
 		if tlsApp.Automation == nil {
@@ -339,7 +433,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	internalAP := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{
 		IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{json.RawMessage(`{"module":"internal"}`)},
 	}
-	if autoHTTPS != "off" {
+	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") && !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "disable_certs") {
 		for h := range httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey {
 			al = append(al, h)
 			if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert(h) {
@@ -347,6 +441,13 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	for name := range forcedAutomatedNames {
+		if slices.Contains(al, name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		al = append(al, name)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(al) // to stabilize the adapt output
 	if len(al) > 0 {
 		tlsApp.CertificatesRaw["automate"] = caddyconfig.JSON(al, &warnings)
 	}
@@ -363,25 +464,22 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		globalEmail := options["email"]
 		globalACMECA := options["acme_ca"]
 		globalACMECARoot := options["acme_ca_root"]
-		globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"]
+		_, globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"] // can be set to nil (to use globally-defined "dns" value instead), but it is still set
 		globalACMEEAB := options["acme_eab"]
 		globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
-		hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalEmail != nil || globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS != nil || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
+		hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalEmail != nil || globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
 		if hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
-			for i := 0; i < len(tlsApp.Automation.Policies); i++ {
+			for i := range tlsApp.Automation.Policies {
 				ap := tlsApp.Automation.Policies[i]
 				if len(ap.Issuers) == 0 && automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap) {
 					// for public names, create default issuers which will later be filled in with configured global defaults
 					// (internal names will implicitly use the internal issuer at auto-https time)
-					ap.Issuers = caddytls.DefaultIssuers()
+					emailStr, _ := globalEmail.(string)
+					ap.Issuers = caddytls.DefaultIssuers(emailStr)
 
 					// if a specific endpoint is configured, can't use multiple default issuers
 					if globalACMECA != nil {
-						if strings.Contains(globalACMECA.(string), "zerossl") {
-							ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{&caddytls.ZeroSSLIssuer{ACMEIssuer: new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)}}
-						} else {
-							ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)}
-						}
+						ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{new(caddytls.ACMEIssuer)}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -451,9 +549,12 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	globalEmail := options["email"]
 	globalACMECA := options["acme_ca"]
 	globalACMECARoot := options["acme_ca_root"]
-	globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"]
+	globalACMEDNS, globalACMEDNSok := options["acme_dns"] // can be set to nil (to use globally-defined "dns" value instead), but it is still set
 	globalACMEEAB := options["acme_eab"]
 	globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
+	globalCertLifetime := options["cert_lifetime"]
+	globalHTTPPort, globalHTTPSPort := options["http_port"], options["https_port"]
+	globalDefaultBind := options["default_bind"]
 
 	if globalEmail != nil && acmeIssuer.Email == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.Email = globalEmail.(string)
@@ -461,14 +562,24 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalACMECA != nil && acmeIssuer.CA == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.CA = globalACMECA.(string)
 	}
-	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !sliceContains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
+	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !slices.Contains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
 		acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = append(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string))
 	}
-	if globalACMEDNS != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) {
-		acmeIssuer.Challenges = &caddytls.ChallengesConfig{
-			DNS: &caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig{
-				ProviderRaw: caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalACMEDNS, "name", globalACMEDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil),
-			},
+	if globalACMEDNSok && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw == nil) {
+		globalDNS := options["dns"]
+		if globalDNS == nil && globalACMEDNS == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("acme_dns specified without DNS provider config, but no provider specified with 'dns' global option")
+		}
+		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+		}
+		if acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil {
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS = new(caddytls.DNSChallengeConfig)
+		}
+		// If global `dns` is set, do NOT set provider in issuer, just set empty dns config
+		if globalDNS == nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw == nil {
+			// Set a global DNS provider if `acme_dns` is set and `dns` is NOT set
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS.ProviderRaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(globalACMEDNS, "name", globalACMEDNS.(caddy.Module).CaddyModule().ID.Name(), nil)
 		}
 	}
 	if globalACMEEAB != nil && acmeIssuer.ExternalAccount == nil {
@@ -477,6 +588,42 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalPreferredChains != nil && acmeIssuer.PreferredChains == nil {
 		acmeIssuer.PreferredChains = globalPreferredChains.(*caddytls.ChainPreference)
 	}
+	// only configure alt HTTP and TLS-ALPN ports if the DNS challenge is not enabled (wouldn't hurt, but isn't necessary since the DNS challenge is exclusive of others)
+	if globalHTTPPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort == 0) {
+		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+		}
+		if acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP == nil {
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP = new(caddytls.HTTPChallengeConfig)
+		}
+		acmeIssuer.Challenges.HTTP.AlternatePort = globalHTTPPort.(int)
+	}
+	if globalHTTPSPort != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort == 0) {
+		if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+		}
+		if acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN == nil {
+			acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN = new(caddytls.TLSALPNChallengeConfig)
+		}
+		acmeIssuer.Challenges.TLSALPN.AlternatePort = globalHTTPSPort.(int)
+	}
+	// If BindHost is still unset, fall back to the first default_bind address if set
+	// This avoids binding the automation policy to the wildcard socket, which is unexpected behavior when a more selective socket is specified via default_bind
+	// In BSD it is valid to bind to the wildcard socket even though a more selective socket is already open (still unexpected behavior by the caller though)
+	// In Linux the same call will error with EADDRINUSE whenever the listener for the automation policy is opened
+	if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || (acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil && acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "") {
+		if defBinds, ok := globalDefaultBind.([]ConfigValue); ok && len(defBinds) > 0 {
+			if abp, ok := defBinds[0].Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(abp.addresses) > 0 {
+				if acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil {
+					acmeIssuer.Challenges = new(caddytls.ChallengesConfig)
+				}
+				acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = abp.addresses[0]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if globalCertLifetime != nil && acmeIssuer.CertificateLifetime == 0 {
+		acmeIssuer.CertificateLifetime = globalCertLifetime.(caddy.Duration)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -485,17 +632,27 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 // for any other automation policies. A nil policy (and no error) will be
 // returned if there are no default/global options. However, if always is
 // true, a non-nil value will always be returned (unless there is an error).
-func newBaseAutomationPolicy(options map[string]any, warnings []caddyconfig.Warning, always bool) (*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, error) {
+func newBaseAutomationPolicy(
+	options map[string]any,
+	_ []caddyconfig.Warning,
+	always bool,
+) (*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, error) {
 	issuers, hasIssuers := options["cert_issuer"]
 	_, hasLocalCerts := options["local_certs"]
 	keyType, hasKeyType := options["key_type"]
 	ocspStapling, hasOCSPStapling := options["ocsp_stapling"]
-
 	hasGlobalAutomationOpts := hasIssuers || hasLocalCerts || hasKeyType || hasOCSPStapling
 
+	globalACMECA := options["acme_ca"]
+	globalACMECARoot := options["acme_ca_root"]
+	_, globalACMEDNS := options["acme_dns"] // can be set to nil (to use globally-defined "dns" value instead), but it is still set
+	globalACMEEAB := options["acme_eab"]
+	globalPreferredChains := options["preferred_chains"]
+	hasGlobalACMEDefaults := globalACMECA != nil || globalACMECARoot != nil || globalACMEDNS || globalACMEEAB != nil || globalPreferredChains != nil
+
 	// if there are no global options related to automation policies
 	// set, then we can just return right away
-	if !hasGlobalAutomationOpts {
+	if !hasGlobalAutomationOpts && !hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
 		if always {
 			return new(caddytls.AutomationPolicy), nil
 		}
@@ -517,6 +674,14 @@ func newBaseAutomationPolicy(options map[string]any, warnings []caddyconfig.Warn
 		ap.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{new(caddytls.InternalIssuer)}
 	}
 
+	if hasGlobalACMEDefaults {
+		for i := range ap.Issuers {
+			if err := fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(ap.Issuers[i], options); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("filling in global issuer defaults for issuer %d: %v", i, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if hasOCSPStapling {
 		ocspConfig := ocspStapling.(certmagic.OCSPConfig)
 		ap.DisableOCSPStapling = ocspConfig.DisableStapling
@@ -551,7 +716,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
 				// if this automation policy has internal names, we might as well remove it
 				// so auto-https can implicitly use the internal issuer
-				aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
+				aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 				i--
 			}
 		}
@@ -568,7 +733,7 @@ outer:
 		for j := i + 1; j < len(aps); j++ {
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], aps[j]) {
-				aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
+				aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
 				// must re-evaluate current i against next j; can't skip it!
 				// even if i decrements to -1, will be incremented to 0 immediately
 				i--
@@ -587,6 +752,7 @@ outer:
 				aps[i].MustStaple == aps[j].MustStaple &&
 				aps[i].KeyType == aps[j].KeyType &&
 				aps[i].OnDemand == aps[j].OnDemand &&
+				aps[i].ReusePrivateKeys == aps[j].ReusePrivateKeys &&
 				aps[i].RenewalWindowRatio == aps[j].RenewalWindowRatio {
 				if len(aps[i].SubjectsRaw) > 0 && len(aps[j].SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
 					// later policy (at j) has no subjects ("catch-all"), so we can
@@ -597,18 +763,18 @@ outer:
 					// cause example.com to be served by the less specific policy for
 					// '*.com', which might be different (yes we've seen this happen)
 					if automationPolicyShadows(i, aps) >= j {
-						aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
+						aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 						i--
 						continue outer
 					}
 				} else {
 					// avoid repeated subjects
 					for _, subj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
-						if !sliceContains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
+						if !slices.Contains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
 							aps[i].SubjectsRaw = append(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj)
 						}
 					}
-					aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
+					aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
 					j--
 				}
 			}
@@ -628,13 +794,9 @@ func automationPolicyIsSubset(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, aSubj := range a.SubjectsRaw {
-		var inSuperset bool
-		for _, bSubj := range b.SubjectsRaw {
-			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj) {
-				inSuperset = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
+		inSuperset := slices.ContainsFunc(b.SubjectsRaw, func(bSubj string) bool {
+			return certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj)
+		})
 		if !inSuperset {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -660,17 +822,47 @@ func automationPolicyShadows(i int, aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) int {
 // subjectQualifiesForPublicCert is like certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert() except
 // that this allows domains with multiple wildcard levels like '*.*.example.com' to qualify
 // if the automation policy has OnDemand enabled (i.e. this function is more lenient).
+//
+// IP subjects are considered as non-qualifying for public certs. Technically, there are
+// now public ACME CAs as well as non-ACME CAs that issue IP certificates. But this function
+// is used solely for implicit automation (defaults), where it gets really complicated to
+// keep track of which issuers support IP certificates in which circumstances. Currently,
+// issuers that support IP certificates are very few, and all require some sort of config
+// from the user anyway (such as an account credential). Since we cannot implicitly and
+// automatically get public IP certs without configuration from the user, we treat IPs as
+// not qualifying for public certificates. Users should expressly configure an issuer
+// that supports IP certs for that purpose.
 func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) bool {
 	return !certmagic.SubjectIsIP(subj) &&
 		!certmagic.SubjectIsInternal(subj) &&
 		(strings.Count(subj, "*.") < 2 || ap.OnDemand)
 }
 
+// automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames returns true if all the names on the policy
+// do NOT qualify for public certs OR are tailscale domains.
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	for _, subj := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
-		if !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj) {
-			return false
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(i string) bool {
+		return !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, i) || isTailscaleDomain(i)
+	})
+}
+
+func isTailscaleDomain(name string) bool {
+	return strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(name), ".ts.net")
+}
+
+func hostsCoveredByWildcard(hosts []string, wildcards []string) bool {
+	if len(hosts) == 0 || len(wildcards) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, host := range hosts {
+		for _, wildcard := range wildcards {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(host, "*.") {
+				continue
+			}
+			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(host, "*."+wildcard) {
+				return true
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return true
+	return false
 }

caddyconfig/httploader.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func init() {
 // If the response is not a JSON config, a config adapter must be specified
 // either in the loader config (`adapter`), or in the Content-Type HTTP header
 // returned in the HTTP response from the server. The Content-Type header is
-// read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. Uf you don't have control
+// read just like the admin API's `/load` endpoint. If you don't have control
 // over the HTTP server (but can still trust its response), you can override
 // the Content-Type header by setting the `adapter` property in this config.
 type HTTPLoader struct {
@@ -181,19 +181,16 @@ func (hl HTTPLoader) makeClient(ctx caddy.Context) (*http.Client, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting server identity credentials: %v", err)
 			}
-			if tlsConfig == nil {
-				tlsConfig = new(tls.Config)
-			}
-			tlsConfig.Certificates = certs
+			// See https://github.com/securego/gosec/issues/1054#issuecomment-2072235199
+			//nolint:gosec
+			tlsConfig = &tls.Config{Certificates: certs}
 		} else if hl.TLS.ClientCertificateFile != "" && hl.TLS.ClientCertificateKeyFile != "" {
 			cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(hl.TLS.ClientCertificateFile, hl.TLS.ClientCertificateKeyFile)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			if tlsConfig == nil {
-				tlsConfig = new(tls.Config)
-			}
-			tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{cert}
+			//nolint:gosec
+			tlsConfig = &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}}
 		}
 
 		// trusted server certs

caddyconfig/load.go

@@ -121,6 +121,13 @@ func (adminLoad) handleLoad(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// If this request changed the config, clear the last
+	// config info we have stored, if it is different from
+	// the original source.
+	caddy.ClearLastConfigIfDifferent(
+		r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-File"),
+		r.Header.Get("Caddy-Config-Source-Adapter"))
+
 	caddy.Log().Named("admin.api").Info("load complete")
 
 	return nil

caddytest/caddytest.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -30,12 +31,12 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/standard"
 )
 
-// Defaults store any configuration required to make the tests run
-type Defaults struct {
+// Config store any configuration required to make the tests run
+type Config struct {
 	// Port we expect caddy to listening on
 	AdminPort int
 	// Certificates we expect to be loaded before attempting to run the tests
-	Certifcates []string
+	Certificates []string
 	// TestRequestTimeout is the time to wait for a http request to
 	TestRequestTimeout time.Duration
 	// LoadRequestTimeout is the time to wait for the config to be loaded against the caddy server
@@ -43,9 +44,9 @@ type Defaults struct {
 }
 
 // Default testing values
-var Default = Defaults{
+var Default = Config{
 	AdminPort:          2999, // different from what a real server also running on a developer's machine might be
-	Certifcates:        []string{"/caddy.localhost.crt", "/caddy.localhost.key"},
+	Certificates:       []string{"/caddy.localhost.crt", "/caddy.localhost.key"},
 	TestRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 	LoadRequestTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
 }
@@ -59,11 +60,12 @@ var (
 type Tester struct {
 	Client       *http.Client
 	configLoaded bool
-	t            *testing.T
+	t            testing.TB
+	config       Config
 }
 
 // NewTester will create a new testing client with an attached cookie jar
-func NewTester(t *testing.T) *Tester {
+func NewTester(t testing.TB) *Tester {
 	jar, err := cookiejar.New(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cookiejar: %s", err)
@@ -77,9 +79,29 @@ func NewTester(t *testing.T) *Tester {
 		},
 		configLoaded: false,
 		t:            t,
+		config:       Default,
 	}
 }
 
+// WithDefaultOverrides this will override the default test configuration with the provided values.
+func (tc *Tester) WithDefaultOverrides(overrides Config) *Tester {
+	if overrides.AdminPort != 0 {
+		tc.config.AdminPort = overrides.AdminPort
+	}
+	if len(overrides.Certificates) > 0 {
+		tc.config.Certificates = overrides.Certificates
+	}
+	if overrides.TestRequestTimeout != 0 {
+		tc.config.TestRequestTimeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
+		tc.Client.Timeout = overrides.TestRequestTimeout
+	}
+	if overrides.LoadRequestTimeout != 0 {
+		tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout = overrides.LoadRequestTimeout
+	}
+
+	return tc
+}
+
 type configLoadError struct {
 	Response string
 }
@@ -112,7 +134,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err := validateTestPrerequisites(tc.t)
+	err := validateTestPrerequisites(tc)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Skipf("skipping tests as failed integration prerequisites. %s", err)
 		return nil
@@ -120,8 +142,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 
 	tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
 		if tc.t.Failed() && tc.configLoaded {
-
-			res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
+			res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
 			if err != nil {
 				tc.t.Log("unable to read the current config")
 				return
@@ -136,11 +157,25 @@ func (tc *Tester) initServer(rawConfig string, configType string) error {
 	})
 
 	rawConfig = prependCaddyFilePath(rawConfig)
+	// normalize JSON config
+	if configType == "json" {
+		tc.t.Logf("Before: %s", rawConfig)
+		var conf any
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(rawConfig), &conf); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c, err := json.Marshal(conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rawConfig = string(c)
+		tc.t.Logf("After: %s", rawConfig)
+	}
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
 	start := time.Now()
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", Default.AdminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/load", tc.config.AdminPort), strings.NewReader(rawConfig))
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request. %s", err)
 		return err
@@ -191,11 +226,11 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 	}
 
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
 
 	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) any {
-		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
+		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -223,30 +258,30 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 }
 
 const initConfig = `{
-	admin localhost:2999
+	admin localhost:%d
 }
 `
 
 // validateTestPrerequisites ensures the certificates are available in the
 // designated path and Caddy sub-process is running.
-func validateTestPrerequisites(t *testing.T) error {
+func validateTestPrerequisites(tc *Tester) error {
 	// check certificates are found
-	for _, certName := range Default.Certifcates {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(getIntegrationDir() + certName); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	for _, certName := range tc.config.Certificates {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(getIntegrationDir() + certName); errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test certificates (%s) not found", certName)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil {
+	if isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil {
 		// setup the init config file, and set the cleanup afterwards
 		f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
+		tc.t.Cleanup(func() {
 			os.Remove(f.Name())
 		})
-		if _, err := f.WriteString(initConfig); err != nil {
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(f, initConfig, tc.config.AdminPort); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -257,23 +292,23 @@ func validateTestPrerequisites(t *testing.T) error {
 		}()
 
 		// wait for caddy to start serving the initial config
-		for retries := 10; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning() != nil; retries-- {
+		for retries := 10; retries > 0 && isCaddyAdminRunning(tc) != nil; retries-- {
 			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// one more time to return the error
-	return isCaddyAdminRunning()
+	return isCaddyAdminRunning(tc)
 }
 
-func isCaddyAdminRunning() error {
+func isCaddyAdminRunning(tc *Tester) error {
 	// assert that caddy is running
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
+		Timeout: tc.config.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
-	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
+	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", tc.config.AdminPort))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", Default.AdminPort)
+		return fmt.Errorf("caddy integration test caddy server not running. Expected to be listening on localhost:%d", tc.config.AdminPort)
 	}
 	resp.Body.Close()
 
@@ -327,6 +362,8 @@ func CreateTestingTransport() *http.Transport {
 
 // AssertLoadError will load a config and expect an error
 func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expectedError string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	tc := NewTester(t)
 
 	err := tc.initServer(rawConfig, configType)
@@ -337,6 +374,8 @@ func AssertLoadError(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, configType string, expected
 
 // AssertRedirect makes a request and asserts the redirection happens
 func (tc *Tester) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	redirectPolicyFunc := func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
 		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
 	}
@@ -373,7 +412,9 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertRedirect(requestURI string, expectedToLocation string, e
 }
 
 // CompareAdapt adapts a config and then compares it against an expected result
-func CompareAdapt(t *testing.T, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
+func CompareAdapt(t testing.TB, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	cfgAdapter := caddyconfig.GetAdapter(adapterName)
 	if cfgAdapter == nil {
 		t.Logf("unrecognized config adapter '%s'", adapterName)
@@ -432,7 +473,9 @@ func CompareAdapt(t *testing.T, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string,
 }
 
 // AssertAdapt adapts a config and then tests it against an expected result
-func AssertAdapt(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
+func AssertAdapt(t testing.TB, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedResponse string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	ok := CompareAdapt(t, "Caddyfile", rawConfig, adapterName, expectedResponse)
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fail()
@@ -441,7 +484,7 @@ func AssertAdapt(t *testing.T, rawConfig string, adapterName string, expectedRes
 
 // Generic request functions
 
-func applyHeaders(t *testing.T, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
+func applyHeaders(t testing.TB, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
 	requestContentType := ""
 	for _, requestHeader := range requestHeaders {
 		arr := strings.SplitAfterN(requestHeader, ":", 2)
@@ -461,6 +504,8 @@ func applyHeaders(t *testing.T, req *http.Request, requestHeaders []string) {
 
 // AssertResponseCode will execute the request and verify the status code, returns a response for additional assertions
 func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int) *http.Response {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	resp, err := tc.Client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Fatalf("failed to call server %s", err)
@@ -475,6 +520,8 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertResponseCode(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int)
 
 // AssertResponse request a URI and assert the status code and the body contains a string
 func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	resp := tc.AssertResponseCode(req, expectedStatusCode)
 
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
@@ -496,6 +543,8 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertResponse(req *http.Request, expectedStatusCode int, expe
 
 // AssertGetResponse GET a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
 func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", requestURI, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
@@ -506,6 +555,8 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertGetResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, e
 
 // AssertDeleteResponse request a URI and expect a statusCode and body text
 func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", requestURI, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Fatalf("unable to create request %s", err)
@@ -516,6 +567,8 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertDeleteResponse(requestURI string, expectedStatusCode int
 
 // AssertPostResponseBody POST to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", requestURI, requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
@@ -529,6 +582,8 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertPostResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []str
 
 // AssertPutResponseBody PUT to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", requestURI, requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)
@@ -542,6 +597,8 @@ func (tc *Tester) AssertPutResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []stri
 
 // AssertPatchResponseBody PATCH to a URI and assert the response code and body
 func (tc *Tester) AssertPatchResponseBody(requestURI string, requestHeaders []string, requestBody *bytes.Buffer, expectedStatusCode int, expectedBody string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", requestURI, requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
 		tc.t.Errorf("failed to create request %s", err)

caddytest/caddytest_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package caddytest
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -31,3 +32,97 @@ func TestReplaceCertificatePaths(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("expected redirect uri to be unchanged")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	tester := NewTester(t)
+	tester.InitServer(`
+	{
+		"logging": {
+			"logs": {
+				"default": {
+					"level": "DEBUG",
+					"writer": {
+						"output": "stdout"
+					}
+				},
+				"sStdOutLogs": {
+					"level": "DEBUG",
+					"writer": {
+						"output": "stdout"
+					},
+					"include": [
+						"http.*",
+						"admin.*"
+					]
+				},
+				"sFileLogs": {
+					"level": "DEBUG",
+					"writer": {
+						"output": "stdout"
+					},
+					"include": [
+						"http.*",
+						"admin.*"
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"admin": {
+			"listen": "localhost:2999"
+		},
+		"apps": {
+			"pki": {
+				"certificate_authorities" : {
+				  "local" : {
+					"install_trust": false
+				  }
+				}
+			},
+			"http": {
+				"http_port": 9080,
+				"https_port": 9443,
+				"servers": {
+					"s_server": {
+						"listen": [
+							":9080"
+						],
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "static_response",
+										"body": "Hello"
+									}
+								]
+							},
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"localhost",
+											"127.0.0.1"
+										]
+									}
+								]
+							}
+						],
+						"logs": {
+							"default_logger_name": "sStdOutLogs",
+							"logger_names": {
+								"localhost": "sStdOutLogs",
+								"127.0.0.1": "sFileLogs"
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+  `, "json")
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9080/", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fail()
+		return
+	}
+	tester.AssertResponseCode(req, 200)
+}

caddytest/integration/acme_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	smallstepacme "github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
+)
+
+const acmeChallengePort = 9081
+
+// Test the basic functionality of Caddy's ACME server
+func TestACMEServerWithDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	tester.InitServer(`
+	{
+		skip_install_trust
+		admin localhost:2999
+		http_port     9080
+		https_port    9443
+		local_certs
+	}
+	acme.localhost {
+		acme_server
+	}
+  `, "caddyfile")
+
+	client := acmez.Client{
+		Client: &acme.Client{
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+		},
+		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
+			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
+		},
+	}
+
+	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
+	}
+	account := acme.Account{
+		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
+		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
+		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
+	}
+	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Every certificate needs a key.
+	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	certs, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"localhost"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("obtaining certificate: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// ACME servers should usually give you the entire certificate chain
+	// in PEM format, and sometimes even alternate chains! It's up to you
+	// which one(s) to store and use, but whatever you do, be sure to
+	// store the certificate and key somewhere safe and secure, i.e. don't
+	// lose them!
+	for _, cert := range certs {
+		t.Logf("Certificate %q:\n%s\n\n", cert.URL, cert.ChainPEM)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACMEServerWithMismatchedChallenges(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logger := caddy.Log().Named("acmez")
+
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	tester.InitServer(`
+	{
+		skip_install_trust
+		admin localhost:2999
+		http_port     9080
+		https_port    9443
+		local_certs
+	}
+	acme.localhost {
+		acme_server {
+			challenges tls-alpn-01
+		}
+	}
+  `, "caddyfile")
+
+	client := acmez.Client{
+		Client: &acme.Client{
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+		},
+		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
+			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
+		},
+	}
+
+	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
+	}
+	account := acme.Account{
+		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
+		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
+		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
+	}
+	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Every certificate needs a key.
+	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	certs, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"localhost"})
+	if len(certs) > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected '0' certificates, but received '%d'", len(certs))
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected errors, but received none")
+	}
+	const expectedErrMsg = "no solvers available for remaining challenges (configured=[http-01] offered=[tls-alpn-01] remaining=[tls-alpn-01])"
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedErrMsg) {
+		t.Errorf(`received error message does not match expectation: expected="%s" received="%s"`, expectedErrMsg, err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// naiveHTTPSolver is a no-op acmez.Solver for example purposes only.
+type naiveHTTPSolver struct {
+	srv    *http.Server
+	logger *zap.Logger
+}
+
+func (s *naiveHTTPSolver) Present(ctx context.Context, challenge acme.Challenge) error {
+	smallstepacme.InsecurePortHTTP01 = acmeChallengePort
+	s.srv = &http.Server{
+		Addr: fmt.Sprintf(":%d", acmeChallengePort),
+		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.Host)
+			if err != nil {
+				host = r.Host
+			}
+			s.logger.Info("received request on challenge server", zap.String("path", r.URL.Path))
+			if r.Method == "GET" && r.URL.Path == challenge.HTTP01ResourcePath() && strings.EqualFold(host, challenge.Identifier.Value) {
+				w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+				w.Write([]byte(challenge.KeyAuthorization))
+				r.Close = true
+				s.logger.Info("served key authentication",
+					zap.String("identifier", challenge.Identifier.Value),
+					zap.String("challenge", "http-01"),
+					zap.String("remote", r.RemoteAddr),
+				)
+			}
+		}),
+	}
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", acmeChallengePort))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.logger.Info("present challenge", zap.Any("challenge", challenge))
+	go s.srv.Serve(l)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s naiveHTTPSolver) CleanUp(ctx context.Context, challenge acme.Challenge) error {
+	smallstepacme.InsecurePortHTTP01 = 0
+	s.logger.Info("cleanup", zap.Any("challenge", challenge))
+	if s.srv != nil {
+		s.srv.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}

caddytest/integration/acmeserver_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
 package integration
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3"
+	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/exp/zapslog"
+
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddytest"
 )
 
@@ -31,3 +42,166 @@ func TestACMEServerDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 		`{"newNonce":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-nonce","newAccount":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-account","newOrder":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/new-order","revokeCert":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/revoke-cert","keyChange":"https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/key-change"}
 `)
 }
+
+func TestACMEServerAllowPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	tester.InitServer(`
+	{
+		skip_install_trust
+		local_certs
+		admin localhost:2999
+		http_port     9080
+		https_port    9443
+		pki {
+			ca local {
+				name "Caddy Local Authority"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	acme.localhost {
+		acme_server {
+			challenges http-01
+			allow {
+				domains localhost
+			}
+		}
+	}
+  `, "caddyfile")
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	client := acmez.Client{
+		Client: &acme.Client{
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+		},
+		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
+			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
+		},
+	}
+
+	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
+	}
+	account := acme.Account{
+		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
+		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
+		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
+	}
+	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Every certificate needs a key.
+	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	{
+		certs, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"localhost"})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for allowed domain: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// ACME servers should usually give you the entire certificate chain
+		// in PEM format, and sometimes even alternate chains! It's up to you
+		// which one(s) to store and use, but whatever you do, be sure to
+		// store the certificate and key somewhere safe and secure, i.e. don't
+		// lose them!
+		for _, cert := range certs {
+			t.Logf("Certificate %q:\n%s\n\n", cert.URL, cert.ChainPEM)
+		}
+	}
+	{
+		_, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"not-matching.localhost"})
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for 'not-matching.localhost' domain")
+		} else if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
+			t.Logf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACMEServerDenyPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	tester := caddytest.NewTester(t)
+	tester.InitServer(`
+	{
+		skip_install_trust
+		local_certs
+		admin localhost:2999
+		http_port     9080
+		https_port    9443
+		pki {
+			ca local {
+				name "Caddy Local Authority"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	acme.localhost {
+		acme_server {
+			deny {
+				domains deny.localhost
+			}
+		}
+	}
+  `, "caddyfile")
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logger, err := zap.NewDevelopment()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	client := acmez.Client{
+		Client: &acme.Client{
+			Directory:  "https://acme.localhost:9443/acme/local/directory",
+			HTTPClient: tester.Client,
+			Logger:     slog.New(zapslog.NewHandler(logger.Core())),
+		},
+		ChallengeSolvers: map[string]acmez.Solver{
+			acme.ChallengeTypeHTTP01: &naiveHTTPSolver{logger: logger},
+		},
+	}
+
+	accountPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating account key: %v", err)
+	}
+	account := acme.Account{
+		Contact:              []string{"mailto:you@example.com"},
+		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
+		PrivateKey:           accountPrivateKey,
+	}
+	account, err = client.NewAccount(ctx, account)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("new account: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Every certificate needs a key.
+	certPrivateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generating certificate key: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	{
+		_, err := client.ObtainCertificateForSANs(ctx, account, certPrivateKey, []string{"deny.localhost"})
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("obtaining certificate for 'deny.localhost' domain")
+		} else if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rejectedIdentifier") {
+			t.Logf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_dns_configured.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+	acme_dns mock foo
+}
+
+example.com {
+	respond "Hello World"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello World",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"provider": {
+											"argument": "foo",
+											"name": "mock"
+										}
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "acme"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_dns_naked_use_dns_defaults.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+	dns mock
+	acme_dns
+}
+
+example.com {
+
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {}
+								},
+								"module": "acme"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			},
+			"dns": {
+				"name": "mock"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_dns_naked_without_dns.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+	acme_dns
+}
+
+example.com {
+	respond "Hello World"
+}
+----------
+acme_dns specified without DNS provider config, but no provider specified with 'dns' global option

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_custom_challenges.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca custom-ca {
+			name "Custom CA"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca custom-ca
+		challenges dns-01
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "custom-ca",
+													"challenges": [
+														"dns-01"
+													],
+													"handler": "acme_server"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"custom-ca": {
+					"name": "Custom CA"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_default_challenges.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca custom-ca {
+			name "Custom CA"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca custom-ca
+		challenges
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "custom-ca",
+													"handler": "acme_server"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"custom-ca": {
+					"name": "Custom CA"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_multi_custom_challenges.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca custom-ca {
+			name "Custom CA"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca custom-ca
+		challenges dns-01 http-01
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "custom-ca",
+													"challenges": [
+														"dns-01",
+														"http-01"
+													],
+													"handler": "acme_server"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"custom-ca": {
+					"name": "Custom CA"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_policy-allow.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca custom-ca {
+			name "Custom CA"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca custom-ca
+		allow {
+			domains host-1.internal.example.com host-2.internal.example.com
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "custom-ca",
+													"handler": "acme_server",
+													"policy": {
+														"allow": {
+															"domains": [
+																"host-1.internal.example.com",
+																"host-2.internal.example.com"
+															]
+														}
+													}
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"custom-ca": {
+					"name": "Custom CA"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_policy-both.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca custom-ca {
+			name "Custom CA"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca custom-ca
+		allow {
+			domains host-1.internal.example.com host-2.internal.example.com
+		}
+		deny {
+			domains dc.internal.example.com
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "custom-ca",
+													"handler": "acme_server",
+													"policy": {
+														"allow": {
+															"domains": [
+																"host-1.internal.example.com",
+																"host-2.internal.example.com"
+															]
+														},
+														"deny": {
+															"domains": [
+																"dc.internal.example.com"
+															]
+														}
+													}
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"custom-ca": {
+					"name": "Custom CA"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_policy-deny.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca custom-ca {
+			name "Custom CA"
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca custom-ca
+		deny {
+			domains dc.internal.example.com
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "custom-ca",
+													"handler": "acme_server",
+													"policy": {
+														"deny": {
+															"domains": [
+																"dc.internal.example.com"
+															]
+														}
+													}
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"custom-ca": {
+					"name": "Custom CA"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/acme_server_sign_with_root.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+	pki {
+		ca internal {
+			name "Internal"
+			root_cn "Internal Root Cert"
+			intermediate_cn "Internal Intermediate Cert"
+		}
+	}
+}
+acme.example.com {
+	acme_server {
+		ca internal
+		sign_with_root
+	}
+}
+
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"acme.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"ca": "internal",
+													"handler": "acme_server",
+													"sign_with_root": true
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"pki": {
+			"certificate_authorities": {
+				"internal": {
+					"name": "Internal",
+					"root_common_name": "Internal Root Cert",
+					"intermediate_common_name": "Internal Intermediate Cert"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/ambiguous_site_definition.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+example.com
+handle {
+	respond "one"
+}
+
+example.com
+handle {
+	respond "two"
+}
+----------
+Caddyfile:6: unrecognized directive: example.com
+Did you mean to define a second site? If so, you must use curly braces around each site to separate their configurations.

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/ambiguous_site_definition_duplicate_key.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+:8080 {
+	respond "one"
+}
+
+:8080 {
+	respond "two"
+}
+----------
+ambiguous site definition: :8080

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/bind_fd_fdgram_h123.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+{
+	auto_https disable_redirects
+	admin off
+}
+
+http://localhost {
+	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD} {
+		protocols h1
+	}
+	log
+	respond "Hello, HTTP!"
+}
+
+https://localhost {
+	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD} {
+		protocols h1 h2
+	}
+	bind fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD} {
+		protocols h3
+	}
+	log
+	respond "Hello, HTTPS!"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"admin": {
+		"disabled": true
+	},
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD}",
+						"fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD}"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello, HTTPS!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true
+					},
+					"logs": {
+						"logger_names": {
+							"localhost": [
+								""
+							]
+						}
+					},
+					"listen_protocols": [
+						[
+							"h1",
+							"h2"
+						],
+						[
+							"h3"
+						]
+					]
+				},
+				"srv1": {
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true
+					}
+				},
+				"srv2": {
+					"listen": [
+						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD}"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello, HTTP!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true,
+						"skip": [
+							"localhost"
+						]
+					},
+					"logs": {
+						"logger_names": {
+							"localhost": [
+								""
+							]
+						}
+					},
+					"listen_protocols": [
+						[
+							"h1"
+						]
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/directive_as_site_address.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+handle
+
+respond "should not work"
+----------
+Caddyfile:1: parsed 'handle' as a site address, but it is a known directive; directives must appear in a site block

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/duplicate_listener_address_global.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+	servers {
+		srv0 {
+			listen :8080
+		}
+		srv1 {
+			listen :8080
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+parsing caddyfile tokens for 'servers': unrecognized servers option 'srv0', at Caddyfile:3

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/encode_options.caddyfiletest

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ encode {
 	zstd
 	gzip 5
 }
+
+encode
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -76,6 +78,17 @@ encode {
 										"zstd",
 										"gzip"
 									]
+								},
+								{
+									"encodings": {
+										"gzip": {},
+										"zstd": {}
+									},
+									"handler": "encode",
+									"prefer": [
+										"zstd",
+										"gzip"
+									]
 								}
 							]
 						}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_example.caddyfiletest

@@ -106,20 +106,29 @@ example.com {
 										"handler": "subroute",
 										"routes": [
 											{
-												"group": "group0",
 												"handle": [
 													{
-														"handler": "rewrite",
-														"uri": "/{http.error.status_code}.html"
-													}
-												]
-											},
-											{
-												"handle": [
-													{
-														"handler": "file_server",
-														"hide": [
-															"./Caddyfile"
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"group": "group0",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "rewrite",
+																		"uri": "/{http.error.status_code}.html"
+																	}
+																]
+															},
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "file_server",
+																		"hide": [
+																			"./Caddyfile"
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															}
 														]
 													}
 												]

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_multi_site_blocks.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+foo.localhost {
+	root * /srv
+	error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
+	error /fivehundred* "Internal Server Error" 500
+
+	handle_errors 5xx {
+		respond "Error In range [500 .. 599]"
+	}
+	handle_errors 410 {
+		respond "404 or 410 error"
+	}
+}
+
+bar.localhost {
+	root * /srv
+	error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
+	error /fivehundred* "Internal Server Error" 500
+
+	handle_errors 5xx {
+		respond "Error In range [500 .. 599] from second site"
+	}
+	handle_errors 410 {
+		respond "404 or 410 error from second site"
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"foo.localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/srv"
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Internal Server Error",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 500
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/fivehundred*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Unauthorized",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 410
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/private*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"bar.localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/srv"
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Internal Server Error",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 500
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/fivehundred*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Unauthorized",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 410
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/private*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"errors": {
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"foo.localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "404 or 410 error",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} in [410]"
+													}
+												]
+											},
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Error In range [500 .. 599]",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} \u003e= 500 \u0026\u0026 {http.error.status_code} \u003c= 599"
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							},
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"bar.localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "404 or 410 error from second site",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} in [410]"
+													}
+												]
+											},
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Error In range [500 .. 599] from second site",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} \u003e= 500 \u0026\u0026 {http.error.status_code} \u003c= 599"
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_range_codes.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+	http_port 3010
+}
+localhost:3010 {
+	root * /srv
+	error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
+	error /hidden* "Not found" 404
+
+	handle_errors 4xx {
+		respond "Error in the [400 .. 499] range"
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"http_port": 3010,
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":3010"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/srv"
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Unauthorized",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 410
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/private*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Not found",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 404
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/hidden*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"errors": {
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Error in the [400 .. 499] range",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} \u003e= 400 \u0026\u0026 {http.error.status_code} \u003c= 499"
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_range_simple_codes.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+{
+	http_port 2099
+}
+localhost:2099 {
+	root * /srv
+	error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
+	error /threehundred* "Moved Permanently" 301
+	error /internalerr* "Internal Server Error" 500
+
+	handle_errors 500 3xx {
+		respond "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range"
+	}
+	handle_errors 4xx {
+		respond "Error in the [400 .. 499] range"
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"http_port": 2099,
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":2099"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/srv"
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Moved Permanently",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 301
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/threehundred*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Internal Server Error",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 500
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/internalerr*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Unauthorized",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 410
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/private*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"errors": {
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Error in the [400 .. 499] range",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} \u003e= 400 \u0026\u0026 {http.error.status_code} \u003c= 499"
+													}
+												]
+											},
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Error code is equal to 500 or in the [300..399] range",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} \u003e= 300 \u0026\u0026 {http.error.status_code} \u003c= 399 || {http.error.status_code} in [500]"
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_simple_codes.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+	http_port 3010
+}
+localhost:3010 {
+	root * /srv
+	error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
+	error /hidden* "Not found" 404
+
+	handle_errors 404 410 {
+		respond "404 or 410 error"
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"http_port": 3010,
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":3010"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/srv"
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Unauthorized",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 410
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/private*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Not found",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 404
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/hidden*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"errors": {
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "404 or 410 error",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} in [404, 410]"
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_sort.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+{
+	http_port 2099
+}
+localhost:2099 {
+	root * /srv
+	error /private* "Unauthorized" 410
+	error /hidden* "Not found" 404
+	error /internalerr* "Internal Server Error" 500
+
+	handle_errors {
+		respond "Fallback route: code outside the [400..499] range"
+	}
+	handle_errors 4xx {
+		respond "Error in the [400 .. 499] range"
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"http_port": 2099,
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":2099"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/srv"
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Internal Server Error",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 500
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/internalerr*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Unauthorized",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 410
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/private*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"error": "Not found",
+													"handler": "error",
+													"status_code": 404
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"path": [
+														"/hidden*"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"errors": {
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Error in the [400 .. 499] range",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} \u003e= 400 \u0026\u0026 {http.error.status_code} \u003c= 499"
+													}
+												]
+											},
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"body": "Fallback route: code outside the [400..499] range",
+																		"handler": "static_response"
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/error_subhandlers.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+{
+	http_port 2099
+}
+localhost:2099 {
+	root * /var/www/
+	file_server
+
+	handle_errors 404 {
+		handle /en/* {
+			respond "not found" 404
+		}
+		handle /es/* {
+			respond "no encontrado"
+		}
+		handle {
+			respond "default not found"
+		}
+	}
+	handle_errors {
+		handle /en/* {
+			respond "English error"
+		}
+		handle /es/* {
+			respond "Spanish error"
+		}
+		handle {
+			respond "Default error"
+		}
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"http_port": 2099,
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":2099"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "vars",
+													"root": "/var/www/"
+												},
+												{
+													"handler": "file_server",
+													"hide": [
+														"./Caddyfile"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"errors": {
+						"routes": [
+							{
+								"match": [
+									{
+										"host": [
+											"localhost"
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"handle": [
+									{
+										"handler": "subroute",
+										"routes": [
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"group": "group3",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "subroute",
+																		"routes": [
+																			{
+																				"handle": [
+																					{
+																						"body": "not found",
+																						"handler": "static_response",
+																						"status_code": 404
+																					}
+																				]
+																			}
+																		]
+																	}
+																],
+																"match": [
+																	{
+																		"path": [
+																			"/en/*"
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															},
+															{
+																"group": "group3",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "subroute",
+																		"routes": [
+																			{
+																				"handle": [
+																					{
+																						"body": "no encontrado",
+																						"handler": "static_response"
+																					}
+																				]
+																			}
+																		]
+																	}
+																],
+																"match": [
+																	{
+																		"path": [
+																			"/es/*"
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															},
+															{
+																"group": "group3",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "subroute",
+																		"routes": [
+																			{
+																				"handle": [
+																					{
+																						"body": "default not found",
+																						"handler": "static_response"
+																					}
+																				]
+																			}
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												],
+												"match": [
+													{
+														"expression": "{http.error.status_code} in [404]"
+													}
+												]
+											},
+											{
+												"handle": [
+													{
+														"handler": "subroute",
+														"routes": [
+															{
+																"group": "group8",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "subroute",
+																		"routes": [
+																			{
+																				"handle": [
+																					{
+																						"body": "English error",
+																						"handler": "static_response"
+																					}
+																				]
+																			}
+																		]
+																	}
+																],
+																"match": [
+																	{
+																		"path": [
+																			"/en/*"
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															},
+															{
+																"group": "group8",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "subroute",
+																		"routes": [
+																			{
+																				"handle": [
+																					{
+																						"body": "Spanish error",
+																						"handler": "static_response"
+																					}
+																				]
+																			}
+																		]
+																	}
+																],
+																"match": [
+																	{
+																		"path": [
+																			"/es/*"
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															},
+															{
+																"group": "group8",
+																"handle": [
+																	{
+																		"handler": "subroute",
+																		"routes": [
+																			{
+																				"handle": [
+																					{
+																						"body": "Default error",
+																						"handler": "static_response"
+																					}
+																				]
+																			}
+																		]
+																	}
+																]
+															}
+														]
+													}
+												]
+											}
+										]
+									}
+								],
+								"terminal": true
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/expression_quotes.caddyfiletest

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+(snippet) {
+	@g `{http.error.status_code} == 404`
+}
+
 example.com
 
 @a expression {http.error.status_code} == 400
@@ -14,6 +18,12 @@ abort @d
 
 @e expression `{http.error.status_code} == 404`
 abort @e
+
+@f `{http.error.status_code} == 404`
+abort @f
+
+import snippet
+abort @g
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -84,7 +94,10 @@ abort @e
 											],
 											"match": [
 												{
-													"expression": "{http.error.status_code} == 403"
+													"expression": {
+														"expr": "{http.error.status_code} == 403",
+														"name": "d"
+													}
 												}
 											]
 										},
@@ -97,7 +110,42 @@ abort @e
 											],
 											"match": [
 												{
-													"expression": "{http.error.status_code} == 404"
+													"expression": {
+														"expr": "{http.error.status_code} == 404",
+														"name": "e"
+													}
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"abort": true,
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"expression": {
+														"expr": "{http.error.status_code} == 404",
+														"name": "f"
+													}
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"abort": true,
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"expression": {
+														"expr": "{http.error.status_code} == 404",
+														"name": "g"
+													}
 												}
 											]
 										}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_etag_file_extensions.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:8080 {
+	root * ./
+	file_server {
+		etag_file_extensions .b3sum .sha256
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8080"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "vars",
+									"root": "./"
+								},
+								{
+									"etag_file_extensions": [
+										".b3sum",
+										".sha256"
+									],
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_file_limit.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+:80
+
+file_server {
+	browse {
+		file_limit 4000
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"browse": {
+										"file_limit": 4000
+									},
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_precompressed.caddyfiletest

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 file_server {
 	precompressed zstd br gzip
 }
+
+file_server {
+	precompressed
+}
 ----------
 {
 	"apps": {
@@ -30,6 +34,22 @@ file_server {
 										"br",
 										"gzip"
 									]
+								},
+								{
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									],
+									"precompressed": {
+										"br": {},
+										"gzip": {},
+										"zstd": {}
+									},
+									"precompressed_order": [
+										"br",
+										"zstd",
+										"gzip"
+									]
 								}
 							]
 						}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_sort.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+:80
+
+file_server {
+	browse {
+		sort size desc
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"browse": {
+										"sort": [
+											"size",
+											"desc"
+										]
+									},
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/forward_auth_authelia.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+app.example.com {
+	forward_auth authelia:9091 {
+		uri /api/authz/forward-auth
+		copy_headers Remote-User Remote-Groups Remote-Name Remote-Email
+	}
+
+	reverse_proxy backend:8080
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"app.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handle_response": [
+														{
+															"match": {
+																"status_code": [
+																	2
+																]
+															},
+															"routes": [
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "vars"
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
+																					"Remote-Email": [
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
+																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
+																					"Remote-Groups": [
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
+																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
+																					"Remote-Name": [
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
+																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																},
+																{
+																	"handle": [
+																		{
+																			"handler": "headers",
+																			"request": {
+																				"set": {
+																					"Remote-User": [
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}"
+																					]
+																				}
+																			}
+																		}
+																	],
+																	"match": [
+																		{
+																			"not": [
+																				{
+																					"vars": {
+																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}": [
+																							""
+																						]
+																					}
+																				}
+																			]
+																		}
+																	]
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													],
+													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+													"headers": {
+														"request": {
+															"set": {
+																"X-Forwarded-Method": [
+																	"{http.request.method}"
+																],
+																"X-Forwarded-Uri": [
+																	"{http.request.uri}"
+																]
+															}
+														}
+													},
+													"rewrite": {
+														"method": "GET",
+														"uri": "/api/authz/forward-auth"
+													},
+													"upstreams": [
+														{
+															"dial": "authelia:9091"
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+													"upstreams": [
+														{
+															"dial": "backend:8080"
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/forward_auth_authelia.txt

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-app.example.com {
-	forward_auth authelia:9091 {
-		uri /api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com
-		copy_headers Remote-User Remote-Groups Remote-Name Remote-Email
-	}
-
-	reverse_proxy backend:8080
-}
-----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":443"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"match": [
-								{
-									"host": [
-										"app.example.com"
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handler": "subroute",
-									"routes": [
-										{
-											"handle": [
-												{
-													"handle_response": [
-														{
-															"match": {
-																"status_code": [
-																	2
-																]
-															},
-															"routes": [
-																{
-																	"handle": [
-																		{
-																			"handler": "headers",
-																			"request": {
-																				"set": {
-																					"Remote-Email": [
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Email}"
-																					],
-																					"Remote-Groups": [
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Groups}"
-																					],
-																					"Remote-Name": [
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-Name}"
-																					],
-																					"Remote-User": [
-																						"{http.reverse_proxy.header.Remote-User}"
-																					]
-																				}
-																			}
-																		}
-																	]
-																}
-															]
-														}
-													],
-													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-													"headers": {
-														"request": {
-															"set": {
-																"X-Forwarded-Method": [
-																	"{http.request.method}"
-																],
-																"X-Forwarded-Uri": [
-																	"{http.request.uri}"
-																]
-															}
-														}
-													},
-													"rewrite": {
-														"method": "GET",
-														"uri": "/api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com"
-													},
-													"upstreams": [
-														{
-															"dial": "authelia:9091"
-														}
-													]
-												},
-												{
-													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-													"upstreams": [
-														{
-															"dial": "backend:8080"
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							],
-							"terminal": true
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/forward_auth_rename_headers.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+:8881
+
+forward_auth localhost:9000 {
+	uri /auth
+	copy_headers A>1 B C>3 {
+		D
+		E>5
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8881"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handle_response": [
+										{
+											"match": {
+												"status_code": [
+													2
+												]
+											},
+											"routes": [
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "vars"
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"1": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"B": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"3": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"D": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												},
+												{
+													"handle": [
+														{
+															"handler": "headers",
+															"request": {
+																"set": {
+																	"5": [
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}"
+																	]
+																}
+															}
+														}
+													],
+													"match": [
+														{
+															"not": [
+																{
+																	"vars": {
+																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}": [
+																			""
+																		]
+																	}
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									],
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"headers": {
+										"request": {
+											"set": {
+												"X-Forwarded-Method": [
+													"{http.request.method}"
+												],
+												"X-Forwarded-Uri": [
+													"{http.request.uri}"
+												]
+											}
+										}
+									},
+									"rewrite": {
+										"method": "GET",
+										"uri": "/auth"
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "localhost:9000"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/forward_auth_rename_headers.txt

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-:8881
-
-forward_auth localhost:9000 {
-	uri /auth
-	copy_headers A>1 B C>3 {
-		D
-		E>5
-	}
-}
-----------
-{
-	"apps": {
-		"http": {
-			"servers": {
-				"srv0": {
-					"listen": [
-						":8881"
-					],
-					"routes": [
-						{
-							"handle": [
-								{
-									"handle_response": [
-										{
-											"match": {
-												"status_code": [
-													2
-												]
-											},
-											"routes": [
-												{
-													"handle": [
-														{
-															"handler": "headers",
-															"request": {
-																"set": {
-																	"1": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.A}"
-																	],
-																	"3": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.C}"
-																	],
-																	"5": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.E}"
-																	],
-																	"B": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.B}"
-																	],
-																	"D": [
-																		"{http.reverse_proxy.header.D}"
-																	]
-																}
-															}
-														}
-													]
-												}
-											]
-										}
-									],
-									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"headers": {
-										"request": {
-											"set": {
-												"X-Forwarded-Method": [
-													"{http.request.method}"
-												],
-												"X-Forwarded-Uri": [
-													"{http.request.uri}"
-												]
-											}
-										}
-									},
-									"rewrite": {
-										"method": "GET",
-										"uri": "/auth"
-									},
-									"upstreams": [
-										{
-											"dial": "localhost:9000"
-										}
-									]
-								}
-							]
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options.caddyfiletest

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 	storage file_system {
 		root /data
 	}
+	storage_check off
+	storage_clean_interval off
 	acme_ca https://example.com
 	acme_ca_root /path/to/ca.crt
 	ocsp_stapling off
@@ -17,8 +19,6 @@
 	admin off
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
-		interval 30s
-		burst 20
 	}
 	local_certs
 	key_type ed25519
@@ -69,14 +69,15 @@
 					}
 				],
 				"on_demand": {
-					"ask": "https://example.com",
-					"rate_limit": {
-						"interval": 30000000000,
-						"burst": 20
+					"permission": {
+						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
+						"module": "http"
 					}
 				}
 			},
-			"disable_ocsp_stapling": true
+			"disable_ocsp_stapling": true,
+			"disable_storage_check": true,
+			"disable_storage_clean": true
 		}
 	}
 }

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_acme.caddyfiletest

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 	admin off
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
-		interval 30s
-		burst 20
 	}
 	storage_clean_interval 7d
 	renew_interval 1d
@@ -63,6 +61,14 @@
 						"issuers": [
 							{
 								"ca": "https://example.com",
+								"challenges": {
+									"http": {
+										"alternate_port": 8080
+									},
+									"tls-alpn": {
+										"alternate_port": 8443
+									}
+								},
 								"email": "test@example.com",
 								"external_account": {
 									"key_id": "4K2scIVbBpNd-78scadB2g",
@@ -78,10 +84,9 @@
 					}
 				],
 				"on_demand": {
-					"ask": "https://example.com",
-					"rate_limit": {
-						"interval": 30000000000,
-						"burst": 20
+					"permission": {
+						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
+						"module": "http"
 					}
 				},
 				"ocsp_interval": 172800000000000,

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/global_options_admin.caddyfiletest

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 	}
 	on_demand_tls {
 		ask https://example.com
-		interval 30s
-		burst 20
 	}
 	local_certs
 	key_type ed25519
@@ -71,10 +69,9 @@
 					}
 				],
 				"on_demand": {
-					"ask": "https://example.com",
-					"rate_limit": {
-						"interval": 30000000000,
-						"burst": 20
+					"permission": {
+						"endpoint": "https://example.com",
+						"module": "http"
 					}
 				}
 			}